Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bladder disease'
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Welton, Joanne Louise. "Exosomes : a source of novel disease biomarkers in bladder cancer." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54114/.
Full textKim, Yangjin. "Statistical analysis of longitudinal data /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3100054.
Full textLeckey, Joan Lesley. "Urinary and tumour markers of disease recurrence and prognosis in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310119.
Full textVasconcellos, Amanda Leal de [UNESP]. "Diagnóstico de cistite em cães: contribuição dos métodos de avaliação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89196.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Os cães podem ser acometidos por diversos tipos de doenças vesicais incluindo cistites, neoplasias e urolitíases, dentre outras. A variedade da etiopatogenia e das formas de apresentação clínica das cistites constitui um fator complicante para o diagnóstico. O presente estudo teve por objetivo evidenciar a importância da inclusão de alguns exames complementares com vistas ao diagnóstico correto das afecções vesicais. Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo para o diagnóstico da condição vesical de 46 animais, machos e fêmeas, selecionados ao acaso dentre os encaminhados para check-up de rotina e os pacientes com algum tipo de sinal ou achado sugestivo de doença vesical. A avaliação consistiu de exame clínico completo e exame específico do trato urinário incluindo urinálise, exame microbiológico da urina por meio de cultura em lâmina e cultura tradicional, e avaliação vesical por meio do exame ultrassonográfico. Os dados foram submetidos à analise estatística descritiva e ao Teste Exato de Fisher para associações. Os resultados evidenciaram que os sinais clínicos e os achados de sedimentoscopia da urina não são específicos, dada a semelhança das manifestações das diversas doenças vesicais. A urocultura e a ultrassonografia vesical foram exames complementares decisivos que possibilitaram o diagnóstico dos casos de cistite bacteriana (n=32) bem como das doenças vesicais coexistentes (n=3) e das doenças vesicais não infecciosas (n=2). Concluiu-se que o exame clínico de rotina, mesmo que a urinálise seja incluída, não é apropriado para diagnosticar doenças vesicais e que a urocultura e o exame ultrassonográfico contribuem de modo decisivo para o diagnóstico correto dos cães com ou sem sinais clínicos de cistite
Dogs can be affected by several types of bladder diseases including cystitis, neoplasia, and urolithiasis, among others. The variety of etiopathology and clinical presentation forms of cystitis is a complicating factor for the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to show the importance of some additional exams inclusion in order to achieve the correct diagnosis for bladder diseases. A prospective study was conducted for bladder condition diagnosis in 46 animals, males and females, taken for random among dogs referred for routine checkup and the patients with some type of signs or finding suggestive of bladder disease. The evaluation included complete clinical exam and specific examination of the urinary tract including urinalysis, urine microbiologic examination by commercially manufactured screening urine culture kit and traditional culture, and ultrasound bladder evaluation. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistic and Fisher’s Exact Text. The results showed that clinical signs and urine sediment findings are nonspecific, given the similarity of the bladder diseases manifestations. The urine culture and bladder ultrasound were decisive additional exams that enable the diagnosis of bacterial cystitis (n=32), as well as of the coexisting bladders diseases (n=3) and non infectious bladder diseases (n=2). It was concluded that the routine clinical examination, even when the urinalysis is included, isn`t appropriated for bladder diseases diagnosis, moreover the urine culture and the ultrasonographyc exam contribute in a decisive way for the correct diagnosis of dogs showing or not clinical signs of cystitis
Vasconcellos, Amanda Leal de. "Diagnóstico de cistite em cães : contribuição dos métodos de avaliação /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89196.
Full textBanca: Angela Akamatsu
Banca: Andrigo Barboza de Nardi
Resumo: Os cães podem ser acometidos por diversos tipos de doenças vesicais incluindo cistites, neoplasias e urolitíases, dentre outras. A variedade da etiopatogenia e das formas de apresentação clínica das cistites constitui um fator complicante para o diagnóstico. O presente estudo teve por objetivo evidenciar a importância da inclusão de alguns exames complementares com vistas ao diagnóstico correto das afecções vesicais. Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo para o diagnóstico da condição vesical de 46 animais, machos e fêmeas, selecionados ao acaso dentre os encaminhados para check-up de rotina e os pacientes com algum tipo de sinal ou achado sugestivo de doença vesical. A avaliação consistiu de exame clínico completo e exame específico do trato urinário incluindo urinálise, exame microbiológico da urina por meio de cultura em lâmina e cultura tradicional, e avaliação vesical por meio do exame ultrassonográfico. Os dados foram submetidos à analise estatística descritiva e ao Teste Exato de Fisher para associações. Os resultados evidenciaram que os sinais clínicos e os achados de sedimentoscopia da urina não são específicos, dada a semelhança das manifestações das diversas doenças vesicais. A urocultura e a ultrassonografia vesical foram exames complementares decisivos que possibilitaram o diagnóstico dos casos de cistite bacteriana (n=32) bem como das doenças vesicais coexistentes (n=3) e das doenças vesicais não infecciosas (n=2). Concluiu-se que o exame clínico de rotina, mesmo que a urinálise seja incluída, não é apropriado para diagnosticar doenças vesicais e que a urocultura e o exame ultrassonográfico contribuem de modo decisivo para o diagnóstico correto dos cães com ou sem sinais clínicos de cistite
Abstract: Dogs can be affected by several types of bladder diseases including cystitis, neoplasia, and urolithiasis, among others. The variety of etiopathology and clinical presentation forms of cystitis is a complicating factor for the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to show the importance of some additional exams inclusion in order to achieve the correct diagnosis for bladder diseases. A prospective study was conducted for bladder condition diagnosis in 46 animals, males and females, taken for random among dogs referred for routine checkup and the patients with some type of signs or finding suggestive of bladder disease. The evaluation included complete clinical exam and specific examination of the urinary tract including urinalysis, urine microbiologic examination by commercially manufactured screening urine culture kit and traditional culture, and ultrasound bladder evaluation. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistic and Fisher's Exact Text. The results showed that clinical signs and urine sediment findings are nonspecific, given the similarity of the bladder diseases manifestations. The urine culture and bladder ultrasound were decisive additional exams that enable the diagnosis of bacterial cystitis (n=32), as well as of the coexisting bladders diseases (n=3) and non infectious bladder diseases (n=2). It was concluded that the routine clinical examination, even when the urinalysis is included, isn't appropriated for bladder diseases diagnosis, moreover the urine culture and the ultrasonographyc exam contribute in a decisive way for the correct diagnosis of dogs showing or not clinical signs of cystitis
Mestre
Jackson, Ashley R. "Significance of Renal Urothelium During Development and Disease." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1459778047.
Full textSousa, Raimundo Nonato Campos 1952. "Clinical aspects and progression of Parkinson's disease in women with detrusor hyperreflexia = Aspectos clínicos e progressão da doença de Parkinson em mulheres com hiper-reflexia detrusora." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309081.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T20:16:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sousa_RaimundoNonatoCampos_D.pdf: 2351873 bytes, checksum: aa05f2a60629deedfa05db1c8ace9d8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Objetivos: Avaliar em mulheres com doença de Parkinson e disfunções urinárias as correlações dos sintomas urinários com os sintomas motores e disfunções mentais. Verificar a prevalência de hiper-reflexia detrusora (HD), bem como analisar em longo prazo a gravidade do desempenho motor, estadiamento de Hoenh-Yahr, habilidades funcionais, funções neuropsicológicas e a magnitude da progressão desses aspectos clínicos e do declínio cognitivo em pacientes com HD. Sujeitos e Métodos: Estudamos uma coorte ambulatorial de sessenta e três (63) pacientes com DP cujos aspectos neurológicos foram avaliados com a utilização das escalas Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) e a escala de Hoehn-Yahr. As habilidades funcionais foram avaliadas pela escala Schwab & England e a função urológica foi quantificada pela International Prostatic Symptom Scale (IPSS) e qualificada pelo estudo urodinâmico. Foram então categorizados dois grupos: pacientes com e sem HD. Após sete anos os mesmos parâmetros foram reavaliados e a escala Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)-versão brasileira foi utilizada para o rastreamento neuropsicológico. Resultados: Na avaliação inicial foi constatada correlação positiva entre os sintomas urinários e a gravidade da doença, porém não havia correlação entre a sintomatologia urinária e os sintomas mentais. Sintomas motores, estágio de gravidade da doença e habilidades funcionais eram mais graves em pacientes com HD. Na reavaliação, os grupos não apresentavam diferença quanto à magnitude da progressão dos sintomas motores, do estadiamento da doença e das inabilidades funcionais. Foi observado no grupo com HD maior declínio cognitivo e uma nítida progressão dos escores mentais com risco aumentado para demência. Conclusão: Hiper-reflexia detrusora é um achado urodinâmico frequente em mulheres com DP e embora esteja associada à pior desempenho motor, estágios de maior gravidade da doença e inabilidades funcionais, não é um fator de maior progressão desses aspectos clínicos. Por outro lado as pacientes com HD tiveram, em longa duração, significante progressão da sintomatologia neuropsicológica.O perfil do declínio cognitivo e o risco para demência necessitam ser confirmados em estudos posteriores
Abstract: Objectives: This long-term study in women with Parkinson's disease (PD) and lower urinary tract dysfunctions aimed to verify the correlation of urinary symptoms with the severity of the disease and mental functions. Verify the prevalence of detrusor hiper-reflexia (DH) and analyze the severity of motor symptoms, Hoehn and Yahr stage, functional abilities and neuropsychological functions, as well as analyze the progression of these clinical aspects and cognitive decline in patients with DH. Subjects and Methods: We studied a cohort of sixty-three (63) PD patients whose neurological aspects were evaluated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr scale. Functional abilities were evaluated by Schwab and England scale and the urological function was quantified by International Prostatic Symptom Scale (IPSS) and qualified by urodynamic study. Two groups were then categorized: patients with and without HD. After seven years the same parameters were re-evaluated and the cognitive functions were assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results: At baseline a correlation between urinary symptoms and motor dysfunction was verified but no correlation between urinary symptoms and mental symptoms was observed. The severity of motor symptoms, stage of the disease and functional disabilities were significant in patients with DH. In the follow up, the groups were similar in regards to progression of motor symptoms, Hoehn and Yahr stage and functional disabilities. On the other hand, decline in cognitive function and clear progression of mental scores and risk for dementia was observed in the group with DH. Conclusion: Urinary symptoms are correlated with the severity of the Parkinson's disease. Detrusor hyper-reflexia is a frequent urodynamic finding in women with DP and although it is associated with worse motor performance, stage of the disease and functional disabilities, it is not a factor of greater progression of these clinical aspects of the disease. On the other hand, patients with DH had a significant progression of the neuropsychological symptoms and risk of dementia. The profile of cognitive decline and dementia risk need to be confirmed in subsequent prospective studies
Doutorado
Neurologia
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
Olandoski, Karen Previdi. "Avaliação inicial e evolutiva de crianças com bexiga neurogênica congênita atendidas em ambulatório especializado de um hospital de ensino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-08092009-095316/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Neurogenic bladder is considered an important risk factor for chronic renal failure. In these patients, preservation of renal function is one of the most important goals of nephro-urological treatment. PURPOSE: To describe demographic data of 58 children with congenital neurogenic bladder, the anatomic and functional characteristics of their upper and lower urinary tracts at the beginning of the follow-up and at the end of the data collection period and to identify risk factors associated with worsening of the glomerular and tubular functions using as markers the quantitation of glomerular filtration rate and the development of microalbuminuria and metabolic acidosis. METHODS: Retrospective study of a cohort of 58 children with congenital neurogenic bladder treated at the Voiding Dysfunction Clinic, Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. The period of data collection ended in January 2006. The obtained results were described as means, standard deviations, medians, minimum and maximum values, or as frequencies and percentages. The comparison between the initial and final evaluations for continuous quantitative variables was done using the Student´s t test for paired samples. The association between dichotomous variables was performed considering the Fisher´s exact test. For evaluation of patients` outcomes and comparison of subgroups defined by dichotomous variables, Kaplan-Meier curves were performed and Long-rank test was applied. P values < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: 58 children were evaluated with 33 females (56,9%). The mean age at presentation to the service was 4.2 ± 3.5 years, the mean follow-up period was 3.8 ± 3.1 years. Myelomeningocele was the leading aetiology, corresponding to 42/58 patients (72.4%). Referral to the service occurred in 48 (82.8%) patients due to urinary tract infection, in 5 (8.6%) due to enuresis and in 5 (8.6%) due to urinary retention. Recurrent urinary tract infections were found in 49/58 patients (84.5%) at the beginning and 41/49 (83.7%) had improvement during the follow-up period. Systemic Hypertension was diagnosed in 11 (19.3%) children at the first visit and in 18 (31%) in the final evaluation. The initial mean glomerular filtration rate was 146.7 ±70.1 mL/1.73m²/min and the final mean was 193.6±mL/1.73m²/min, p = 0.0004. Microalbuminuria was found in 20 (54.1%) samples in the initial evaluation and in 26 (61.9%) in the final evaluation. Metabolic acidosis was present in 11 (19%) samples in the initial evaluation and in 19 (32.8%) in the final assessment. The children who most developed metabolic acidosis during the follow-up period were those who presented earlier to the service (< 3 years of age), p= 0.01. The group of patients that did not present metabolic acidosis at the end of the study had lower values of final weight z-score (p=0.048), initial height/stature z-score (p=0.047) and final height/stature z-score (p=0.022) than the patients of the group that developed acidosis. CONCLUSIONS: Children with congenital neurogenic bladder develop early compromise of renal glomerular and tubular functions and require adequate management by specialized professionals.
Гньотов, М. І., and О. В. Хабаль. "Оптимізація лікувальної тактики холестерозу жовчного міхура під впливом розувастатину, мосаприду та урсодезоксихолієвої кислоти." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/54846.
Full textGurung, P. M. S. "The tumour suppressor gene, AIMP3, sensitises bladder cancer to chemo/radiotherapy in vitro and is, with ERCC1, a predictive marker of overall survival in patients treated with radical radiotherapy for muscle-invasive disease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1461130/.
Full textBrand, Carolyn K. "Fibromyalgia and bladder irritability." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/626.
Full textSammour, Zein Mohamed. "Distúrbios miccionais em pacientes com doença de Parkinson: associação entre parâmetros clínicos e urodinâmicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-02082007-110728/.
Full textINTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Voiding dysfunction often occurs in patients with Parkinsons disease, but its association with patients age, gender, degree of neurological impairment, and disease duration is not fully known. In this study, we assessed the prevalence and characteristics of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with Parkinson\'s disease and examined their association with those clinical parameters that could have an impact on voiding dysfunction. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 110 patients, of which 84 were men (76.4%) and 26 were women (23.6%), with a mean age of 61.8 ± 9.6 years. The inclusion criteria were: idiopathic Parkinsons disease and age > 40 years. Patients with other neurological diseases and history of pelvic surgery and radiotherapy were excluded. Mean duration of the disease was 12.3 ± 7.2 years. The neurological impairment was assessed by the Hoehn-Yahr scale (HY) and the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Lower urinary tract symptoms were assessed by the International Continence Society male questionnaire, which included a question about quality of life related to LUTS. Those patients who wanted to be treated for their voiding dysfunction were considered as symptomatic. They underwent urine analysis, serum creatinine measurement, PSA, urinary tract imaging and urodynamic study. We examined the association between voiding dysfunction and age, gender, disease duration, degree of neurological impairment, impact on quality of life, and urodynamic findings. RESULTS: The neurological assessment showed a mean HY score of 3.0 ± 0.8 and a mean UPDRS score of 70.0 ± 31.1. Mean LUTS score was 11.9 ± 9.3, and the most prevalent symptoms were nocturia in 89 (80.9%) patients, urgency in 40 (36.3%), and frequency in 39 (35.4%). Mean duration of LUTS was 3.8 ± 3.4 years. The prevalence of voiding dysfunction increased significantly with the degree of neurological impairment, but not with patients age or disease duration. Quality of life was affected by the severity of the voiding dysfunction, and the symptoms with the worst impact on quality of life were frequency and nocturia. Sixty-three patients (57.2%) were symptomatic and 54 (43 men and 11 women) concluded the evaluation. Symptomatic patients had more severe neurological dysfunction (mean HY 3.2 ± 0.8 vs 2.8 ± 0.9 for asymptomatic patients; p=0.035). Symptomatic and asymptomatic patients did not differ as to age, disease duration and LUTS. Mean prostate volume was 30.3 ± 10.7 cc. The urodynamic findings were bladder outlet obstruction in 38 (70.3%) patients, detrusor overactivity in 27 (50.0%), and detrusor underactivity in 6 (11.1%). The degree of neurological impairment was not associated with any urodynamic pattern. The only difference observed between symptomatic men and women was that the voiding symptoms were more severe in men. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with Parkinsons disease have significant voiding dysfunction, and the severity of the neurological disease is the main predictive factor for the occurrence of voiding dysfunction. Bladder outlet obstruction and detrusor overactivity are the most common urodynamic findings, although not associated with the degree of neurological impairment. Men and women are equally affected by LUTS and show similar urodynamic findings.
Cowan, Nigel Christopher. "The development of CT urography for investigating haematuria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:284084de-2a71-4e35-8342-41f039b03df1.
Full textWaldeck, Kristian. "Targets for pharmacological intervention in the bladder and urethra." Lund : Lund University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68945055.html.
Full textRafla, Mona Helmy. "Cancer de la vessie avec schistosomiase : modeles pronostiques de recidive et leur evaluation." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077149.
Full textRehman, Haroon, Sukesh Manthri, Sonia Oad, and Kanishka Chakraborty. "Not Your Regular Run-of-the-Mill Bladder Cancer." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/77.
Full textAltman, Daniel. "Evaluation and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse : clinical, radiological and histopathological aspects /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-628-6237-5/.
Full textAraújo, Tatiane Gomes de. "Tratamento da síndrome da bexiga hiperativa neurogênica feminina na doença de Parkinson através da estimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial posterior." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/169570.
Full textBlackround: Lower urinary tract dysfunctions are common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and include Neurogenic Overactive Bladder Syndrome (NOBS), characterized by urinary urgency, with or without urge incontinence, accompanied by increased urinary frequency and nocturia . Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) is one of the treatment modalities available for the treatment of NOBS. Objective: To determine and compare the effects of PTNS treatment in patients with PD and NOBS symptoms and to maintain long-term results (1 and 3 months). Methods: Controlled, randomized, double-blind and compared with placebo clinical trial. The research was carried out with women with PD and symptoms of NOBS at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. For treatment with PTNS at 12 weeks, patients were divided into two groups: PTNS group and PTNS sham/placebo group. The evaluation of the pre- and post-treatment response was through a specific form, questionnaires to evaluate incontinence and quality of life (OVA-V8 and KHQ), and a voiding diary. After the end of the treatment, the results were followed up to evaluate the subjective improvement in 30 and 90 days. Results: The PTNS group presented a decreased nighttime urinary frequency, number of urgency and urinary incontinence episodes, number of incontinence protection, OAB-V8 and 7 domains of KHQ (p<0.001). Although the control group also showed improvement of the symptoms, the ENTP group presented a superior improvement at the end of the treatment in DM, OAB-V8 and most KHQ domains. PTNS was considered an effective treatment for OAB in 93.3%, while 33.3% of those treated with placebo was considered a responder (p=0.002). After 30 and 90 days, 53.3% and 33.31%, respectively, of the ENTP group reported that they maintained better SBHN symptoms. Conclusion: PTNS was an effective treatment for patients with PD and NOBS. Our hypothesis of clinical superiority of the ENTP group was confirmed and the subjective improvement was considered positive, even if partially at 30 and 90 days after the end of the treatment.!
Imamov, Otabek. "Role of estrogen receptor beta in mouse prostate and bladder with references to human diseases /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-324-5/.
Full textGashugi, Phophina Muhimpundu. "Prevalence and impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life among adult Kigali women." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textDiaz, salmeron Raúl. "Directed-mobility and enhanced-adhesion nano-platelets for local drug delivery : towards a new treatment of bladder diseases." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS458.
Full textTitle: Directed-mobility and enhanced-adhesion nano-platelets for local drug delivery: towards a new treatment of bladder diseases.Abstract: Local drug delivery, defined as the administration route where the drug is delivered directly or very close to its target or tissue, allows to bring large amounts of drugs with reduced side effects, in comparison with systemic administration. In this context, our research project has been focused on the intravesical drug delivery as local administration route, because there is a real need to develop new pharmaceutical formulations to thwart several limitations. Despite the advantages provided by the local drug delivery, intravesical drug delivery exhibited some issues which are decreasing the therapeutic efficacy and the patient compliance to the treatment. Most of therapies for the treatment of bladder diseases are simple drug solutions or suspensions administered intravesically by using a catheter through the urethra in order to reach easily the bladder and, consequently, the urothelium. Since the drug is administered into the bladder, drug dilution is occurring because the continuous production of urine. Furthermore, active substances are being eliminated during washout when bladder urine voiding is happening. These two processes lead to the decrease of local drug concentration close to the urothelium. Patients need repeated catheterization, performed by health care practitioners, to reach therapeutic dose of the drug. Therefor, there is a need of new drug formulations to avoid these main limitations.The main goal of this PhD thesis was to create and design a new nanoparticulate system with non-spherical shape susceptible to move in a different manner compared to spherical nanoparticles. These systems may exhibit an amplified mucoadhesion allowing to bring more important amounts of drug than classical and nanoparticle administration.During this thesis, we developed a new nanoparticulate system presenting non-spherical, hexagonal and flattened shape. The driven force for the design of these nanoparticles was the self-assembling of α-cyclodextrin molecules with alkyl chains grafted on the polymer skeleton. Polymers used belong to a polysaccharide family called glycosaminoglycans including hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate or heparin. This original and innovative nanoparticulate system does not encapsulate an active drug. Our polysaccharide will act, at the same time, as the active drug and the carrier. These nanoparticles, called now nano-platelets have shown different movement behavior than the spherical ones. Indeed, they diffuse more rapidly in a straight-line way. Thanks to their oriented and directed motion and to their intrinsic properties, due to the shape, these systems have shown a better mucoadhesion on the bladder tissue, a better uptake in different cell lines and they were far less rapidly eliminated from the urothelium mucosa.An in vivo model of Bladder Painful Syndrome / Interstitial Cystitis in rats demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of nano-platelets, especially for hyaluronic acid nanoparticles. Indeed, they demonstrated a better bioaccumulation into the bladder and a better therapeutic efficacy as anti-inflammatory and urothelium regenerating agents.These nanoparticulate systems, designed during this work, represent a new innovative, rational and effectiveness approach allowing to open new research pathways for the treatment of bladder diseases
Fava, Rafaela Marono [UNESP]. "Influência da fixação e de métodos de secagem na detecção de alterações proliferativas ultraestruturais induzidas pelo Diuron no urotélio vesical de ratos wistar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110666.
Full textDiuron is a substituted urea herbicide, carcinogenic to the rat urinary bladder at high dietary levels (2500 ppm). Different scanning electron microscopy (SEM) processing methods resulted in differing observations of early urothelial changes induced by exposure to this herbicide. This study evaluated the influence of SEM processing methods on the detection of urothelial alterations induced by diuron. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (basal diet), 7.1% Sodium Saccharin (NaS) (positive control) and 2500 ppm diuron, and fed for 7 days or 15 weeks. Urinary bladders were fixed with Bouin’s or glutaraldehyde fixative and processed by critical point drying (CPD) or by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for comparison of the cytotoxic and proliferative changes induced by diuron in the urothelium. Histological and cell proliferation evaluations were also performed. After seven days, no differences in the incidence of histological urothelial lesions or labeling indices were detected among the groups; however, the incidence of urothelial lesions after 15 weeks was significantly increased in the animals fed diuron or NaS. After seven days or 15 weeks, the severity of urothelial alterations was significantly higher in animals fed with diuron. Both fixative and drying methods allowed for the identification of prenecrotic swollen superficial cells in the urothelium after seven days exposure to 2500 ppm diuron. Our results confirmed that the presence of prenecrotic swollen cells in the urothelium is an early key event due to diuron cytotoxicity and is not an artifact related to the processing methods used
Fava, Rafaela Marono. "Influência da fixação e de métodos de secagem na detecção de alterações proliferativas ultraestruturais induzidas pelo Diuron no urotélio vesical de ratos wistar /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110666.
Full textCoorientador: Mirielen Garcia Nascimento e Pontes
Banca: Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
Banca: Daniela Carvalho dos Santos
Resumo: Não disponivel
Abstract: Diuron is a substituted urea herbicide, carcinogenic to the rat urinary bladder at high dietary levels (2500 ppm). Different scanning electron microscopy (SEM) processing methods resulted in differing observations of early urothelial changes induced by exposure to this herbicide. This study evaluated the influence of SEM processing methods on the detection of urothelial alterations induced by diuron. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (basal diet), 7.1% Sodium Saccharin (NaS) (positive control) and 2500 ppm diuron, and fed for 7 days or 15 weeks. Urinary bladders were fixed with Bouin's or glutaraldehyde fixative and processed by critical point drying (CPD) or by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for comparison of the cytotoxic and proliferative changes induced by diuron in the urothelium. Histological and cell proliferation evaluations were also performed. After seven days, no differences in the incidence of histological urothelial lesions or labeling indices were detected among the groups; however, the incidence of urothelial lesions after 15 weeks was significantly increased in the animals fed diuron or NaS. After seven days or 15 weeks, the severity of urothelial alterations was significantly higher in animals fed with diuron. Both fixative and drying methods allowed for the identification of prenecrotic swollen superficial cells in the urothelium after seven days exposure to 2500 ppm diuron. Our results confirmed that the presence of prenecrotic swollen cells in the urothelium is an early key event due to diuron cytotoxicity and is not an artifact related to the processing methods used
Mestre
ALBUQUERQUE, NETO Moacir Cavalcante de. "Alterações da função vesical devido ao envelhecimento em mulheres avaliadas através do estudo urodinâmico." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17455.
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Objetivos: O declínio da função vesical com a idade pode levar a comprometimento da qualidade de vida além de sérios problemas de saúde aos idosos. Assim, avaliaremos as alterações da função vesical com o envelhecimento em mulheres através do estudo urodinâmico e tentaremos desenvolver fórmulas que possam estimar os valores esperados dos parâmetros urodinâmicos avaliados de acordo com a idade. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva dos estudos urodinâmicos realizados no Serviço de Urologia do Departamento de Cirurgia do Hospital das Clínicas da UFPE, cadastrados no prontuário eletrônico www.infomed.net.br entre maio de 2011 e novembro de 2015, a fim de obter e calcular os parâmetros necessários para avaliar a função vesical em diferentes faixas etárias (18-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80 e maior que 80 anos). Além disso, excluímos pacientes com qualquer fator conhecido que tenha o potencial de afetar a função vesical que não a idade. Resultados: De um total de 3103 exames analisados, foram selecionadas 719 pacientes do sexo feminino para serem incluídas no estudo. A média de idade das pacientes foi de 49,3 anos e em todos os parâmetros avaliados (fluxo máximo, volume urinado, complacência vesical, capacidade cistométrica máxima, pressão detrusora no fluxo máximo, resíduo pós-miccional, índice de contratilidade vesical e índice de eficiência vesical) obtivemos correlação estatisticamente significante entre o declínio da função vesical e a idade. Ainda, conseguimos expressar por equações matemáticas a relação de causa-efeito por regressão linear. Conclusão: O presente estudo observou que há uma diminuição da função vesical tanto de armazenamento (diminuição da capacidade cistométrica máxima e complacência vesical) quanto de esvaziamento (diminuição do fluxo máximo, da pressão detrusora no fluxo máximo, do volume urinado, do índice de contratilidade vesical e do índice de eficiência vesical, assim como o aumento do resíduo pós-miccional) com o envelhecimento. Paralelamente, estamos propondo fórmulas que podem estimar os valores esperados dos parâmetros urodinâmicos avaliados de acordo com a idade, na população estudada.
Purposes: The bladder function declines with age and can lead to impaired quality of life and serious health problems in the elderly. The aim of the study is to evaluate changes in bladder function with aging in women by urodynamic study and try to develop equations that can estimate the expected values of the urodynamic parameters evaluated according to the age. Methods: A retrospective analysis of urodynamic studies in the Urology Service of the Department of Surgery - Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Pernambuco, recorded in the electronic medical database www.infomed.net.br among May 2011 and November 2015 was performed in order to obtain and calculate the parameters necessary to evaluate bladder function in different age groups (18-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80 and above 80 years). Patients with any factor that had the potential to affect bladder function were excluded. Results: 3103 urodynamics studies were analyzed and 719 female patients were selected. The average age of patients was 49.3 years and in all evaluated parameters (maximum flow, volume of urination, bladder compliance, maximum cystometric capacity, detrusor pressure at maximum flow, post-void residual urine volume, bladder contractility index and bladder voiding efficiency) statistically significant correlation between the decline of bladder function and age were obtained. Also we presented mathematical equations with cause-effect relationship by linear regression. Conclusion: The present study showed that there is a decrease in the bladder storage function (reduction in maximum cystometric capacity and bladder compliance) and in the bladder emptying function (reduction of the maximum flow, detrusor pressure at maximum flow, volume of the urination, contractility index urinary bladder and bladder voiding efficiency , as well increased post-void residual urine volume) with aging. Analyzing data let us to propose equations that can estimate the expected values of the urodynamic parameters evaluated according to the age in the studied population.
Juveniz, João Alexandre Queiroz. "A importância da biópsia de congelação como método complementar à ressecção endoscópica em câncer de bexiga: um estudo prospectivo randomizado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-18012017-153659/.
Full textBackground and Purpose: Despite recent improvements of bladder cancer treatment, recurrence and progression rates are still high, possibly related to residual or overlooked tumors at the first transurethral resection (TUR), which strongly emphasizes the importance of the quality of this method. In order to improve the effectiveness of the procedure, we sought to evaluate the impact of frozen section during TUR, aiming on increasing muscular layer sample in the specimen, which may minimize incomplete resections and understaging. Patients and Methods: We prospectively included 150 consecutive patients assigned to TUR which were randomized to undergo either frozen section biopsy of the tumor bed during the TUR procedure until muscle was obtained or standard resection procedure (no frozen section). Nineteen patients were excluded after randomization, leaving 131 for analysis. All patients underwent a second TUR performed 4-6 weeks later. Frozen sections and final pathology reports were centralized and all performed by pathologists, the doubtful cases were reviewed by one uropathologist. Exclusion criteria: incomplete resection at first TUR, no criteria for second TUR according to EUA Guideline Update 2011 and previous bladder cancer treatment. (Group w/ biopsy, n = 64; Group control, n=67). Results: Both groups were comparable regarding age, gender, size and number of lesions. The majority of patients had high grade tumor in both groups. In the group where frozen section was obtained, muscle-invasive disease was higher (23% x 3%, p < 0,001). All patients in this group had muscle layer represented in the final pathology at the first TUR, while only 60% of patients in the control group (p < 0.001), including 40,5% of patients with pTa, 81,5% with pT1 e 100% with pT2 and Cis. Ninety percent of patients in the biopsy group had no residual tumor compared to 65% of the control group at second TUR (p=0,002). While all 15 patients in the frozen section group with T2 disease were diagnosed at first TUR, only 2 of 6 patients (33%) in the control group were diagnosed initially. The surgery duration was longer in the study group with mean of 50 min x 42 min (p=0,037) and there were no significant differences regarding complications (perforation and transfusion rates). Conclusion: Our results support the prove of principal that standard TUR with frozen section biopsy of bladder tumor bed increase the disease control and improve the diagnosis of T2 tumors, which may lead to reduced the number of patients in need a second TUR and avoid pT2 disease diagnosis delay, with no more complications
Samnakay, Naeem. "Antenatal bladder outflow obstruction : effects of morphology and apoptosis in the fetal kidney, and effects on fetal ACTH and cortisol levels in an ovine model." University of Western Australia. School of Women's and Infants' Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0151.
Full textMattern, Heather M. "Lipotoxicity in smooth muscle." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4411.
Full textThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Matsiliza, Babalwa. "Effects of sustained Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) feeding on leaf blades of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Adamtas)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003782.
Full textValle, Márcia Regina Dutra do. "Análise morfométrica das fibras colágenas e reticulínicas na extrofia vesical." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-19032007-120355/.
Full textA prospective study was done to evaluate the detrusor muscle\'s extracellular matrix in classical bladder exstrophy in comparison to a control group, by use of light microscopy and polarization method with morphometry, to quantify collagen and reticular fibers. Seventeen patients from both sexes were analysed and samples were obtained from the bladder and stained with Haematoxylin-eosin, Picrosirius red and the silver impregnation method. There were significant differences when comparing the quantity of collagen and reticular fibers. The collagen fibers were more abundant in the exstrophy bladders compared to controls, while the reticular fibers were present in smaller amounts.
Ramos, Filho Antonio Celso S. "Avaliação morfofuncional e molecular do detrusor isolado de ratos hipertensos renovasculares." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308915.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A hipertensão renovascular é uma forma secundária da hipertensão arterial, que corresponde de 1-5% dos casos de hipertensão. A associação entre hipertensão arterial e disfunções miccionais foi observada no modelo experimental de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR). Até o momento nenhum estudo avaliou as disfunções miccionais em animais hipertensos renovasculares. Dessa forma, neste estudo, caracterizamos a disfunção miccional em ratos hipertensos renovasculares através do modelo de dois rins, um clip (2K-1C). Em ratos Wistar (200-220 g) colocou-se um clip em torno da artéria renal. Depois de oito semanas, os ratos foram utilizados. Realizou-se estudo cistométrico em ratos anestesiados, assim como curvas concentração-resposta para agentes contráteis e relaxantes em detrusor isolado (DSM). Foram também realizados estudos histomorfométricos e da expressão de RNAm dos receptores muscarínicos M3 e M2 em DSM isolado. Os resultados histomorfométricos mostraram aumentos significantes na espessura da parede da bexiga, no volume intravesical, na densidade de musculatura lisa e na densidade de fibras neurais no grupo 2K-1C em comparação ao SHAM. O agonista muscarínico, carbacol, produziu contrações concentração-dependentes do DSM, as quais foram significantemente maiores no grupo 2K-1C. O inibidor da Rho-quinase, Y27-632 (10 µM), reduziu significantemente a contração induzida pelo carbacol nos ratos SHAM e 2K-1C; porém, no grupo 2K-1C, o DSM continuou hiperativo na presença do Y27-632. A estimulação elétrica (1 - 32 Hz) produziu contração freqüência-dependente do DSM as quais foram maiores no grupo 2K-1C. O agonista purinérgico P2X, ?,?-metileno-ATP (1 - 100 µM), o KCl (1 - 300 µM) e o Ca2+ extracelular (0,01-100 µM) produziram contrações concentração-dependente; porém, não observamos diferenças entre o grupo SHAM e 2K-1C. O agonista não seletivo ?-adrenérgico, isoproterenol, o agonista seletivo ?2-adrenérgico, metaproterenol, e o agonista seletivo ?3-adrenérgico, BRL37-344, produziram relaxamentos menores do DSM nos ratos 2K-1C, e também redução nos níveis intracelulares de AMPc nos detrusores. O efeito relaxante ao nitroprussiato de sódio e BAY41-2272 mantiveram-se iguais nos animais SHAM e 2K-1C. A expressão do RNAm do receptor muscarínico M3 (mas não do M2) no DSM foi significantemente maior nos ratos 2K-1C em comparação ao grupo controle. Os tratamentos crônicos com losartan e captopril normalizaram a pressão arterial sistólica dos animais 2K-1C, normalizaram a função miccional, e reduziram a hipercontratilidade do detrusor induzida pela estimulação elétrica e pelo carbacol, assim como restabeleceram o relaxamento induzido pelo isoproterenol ao nível do grupo SHAM. Concluimos que os ratos hipertensos renovasculares apresentam hiperatividade do detrusor, a qual envolve remodelamento tecidual e aumento da contração via receptor muscarínico M3 associado à redução no relaxamento ?-adrenérgico com redução da sinalização intracelular e produção de AMPc. Os tratamentos com losartan e captopril restauram a função miccional dos animais 2K-1C
Abstract: Renovascular hypertension is a secondary form of arterial hypertension, accounting for 1-5% of cases in unselected population. Association between arterial hypertension and urinary bladder dysfunction has been reported in spontaneously hypertensive rats, but no study evaluated the bladder dysfunction in renovascular hypertensive animals. Therefore, in this study, we explored the bladder dysfunction in renovascular hypertensive rats, using the two-kidney one-clip (2K-1C) model. A silver clip was placed around the renal artery of male Wistar Kyoto rats (200-220 g). After eight weeks, rats were used. Cystometric study in anesthetized rats, along with concentration-response curves to both contractile and relaxant agents in isolated detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) were performed. Histomorphometry and mRNA expression of muscarinic M3 and M2 receptors in DSM were also determined. The histomorphometric data showed significant increases in bladder wall thickness, intravesical volume and density of smooth muscle, as well as density of neural fibers in the 2K-1C group compared with SHAM. The muscarinic agonist carbachol produced concentration-dependent DSM contractions, which were markedly greater in 2K-1C rats. The Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27-632 (10 µM) significantly reduced the carbachol-induced contractions in sham and 2K-1C rats, but DSM in 2K-1C rats remained overactive in the presence of Y27632. Electrical-field stimulation (EFS; 1-32 Hz) produced frequency-dependent DSM contractions that were also greater in 2K-1C group. The P2X receptor agonist ?,?-methylene ATP (1-100 µM), KCl (1-300 mM) and extracellular Ca2+ (0.01-100 M) produced concentration-dependent DSM contractions, but no changes among sham and 2K-1C rats were seen. In 2K-1C rats, the non-selective ?-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol, the ?2-adrenoceptor agonist metaproterenol and the ?3-adrenoceptor agonist BRL 37-344 produced lower DSM relaxations, as well as decreased cAMP levels. The relaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside and BAY 41-2272 remained unchanged in 2K-1C rats. Expression of mRNA of muscarinic M3 (but not of M2) receptors in DSM was significantly increased in 2K-1C rats. The chronic treatment with losartan and captopril normalized the blood systolic pressure of 2K-1C animals, improved their urinary function by reducing DSM hypercontractility to EFS and carbacol stimulation, and restored the relaxation induced by the ?-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol to the level of SHAM group. In conclusion, renovascular hypertensive rats exhibit overactive DSM that involves tissue remodeling and enhanced muscarinic M3-mediated contractions associated with reduced ?-adrenoceptor-mediated signal transduction. The treatments with losartan and captopril improved urinary function of 2K-1C animals
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
Piovesana, Tadeu Ravazi. "Engenharia de tecidos em bexiga urinária modelo em coelhos /." Botucatu, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192310.
Full textResumo: Introdução: Diversas doenças congênitas ou adquiridas promovem alterações anatômicas ou funcionais, dificultando ou impossibilitando a função de reservatório da bexiga, ou até mesmo necessitando sua remoção cirúrgica. Quando as terapias conservadoras não são eficazes, algumas técnicas cirúrgicas podem ser empregadas para o aumento ou reconstrução da bexiga e por fim, o desvio urinário pode ser a única alternativa terapêutica. No entanto, todas as técnicas cirúrgicas atuais podem levar a complicações. A substituição de tecidos da bexiga por equivalentes criados em laboratório poderia melhorar o resultado da cirurgia reconstrutiva. Objetivos: Propor um modelo de remendo de bexiga urinária produzido com uso de veias descelularizadas e semeadas com células-tronco mesenquimais em modelo animal em coelhos. Material e Métodos: Foram constituídos dois grupos de 5 coelhos fêmeas não prenhas. Os dois grupos de animais foram submetidos a anestesia inalatória e foi realizada uma cirurgia para retirada de um fragmento de 1 cm2 de bexiga para implantação do produto de teste. Grupo 1: Controle – foi implantado um segmento de 1cm2 de veia cava de coelho descelularizada com pontos contínuos de Vicryl 7.0; Grupo 2: Experimento – foi implantado um segmento de veia cava descelularizada semeada com células tronco autólogas, também fixado por pontos cirúrgicos de Vicryl 7.0 com pontos contínuos. Para o grupo 2, foram coletadas células-tronco mesenquimais autólogas derivadas de tecido adiposo que f... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Background: Several congenital or acquired diseases promote anatomical or functional changes, making it difficult or impossible for the bladder reservoir function, or even requiring its surgical removal. When conservative therapies are ineffective, some surgical techniques may be used to increase or reconstruct the bladder, and ultimately, urinary diversion may be the only therapeutic alternative. However, all current surgical techniques can lead to complications. Replacement of bladder tissues with laboratory-created equivalents could improve the outcome of reconstructive surgery. Recent research involving stem cells and cell engineering points to a promising future based on regenerative and tissue replacement therapy. Objectives: To propose a model of urinary bladder patch produced with the use of decellularized veins and seeded with mesenchymal stem cells in an animal model in rabbits. To evaluate the biointegration of the graft implanted in the urinary bladder of rabbits after 21 days by histomorphological study of the explant. Methods: Two groups of 5 non-pregnant female rabbits were formed. Both groups of animals underwent inhalation anesthesia and surgery was performed to remove a 1 cm2 bladder fragment for implantation of the test product. Group 1: Control - a 1cm2 segment of decellularized rabbit vena cava with continuous Vicryl 7.0 stitches was implanted; Group 2: Experiment - a decellularized vena cava segment seeded with autologous stem cells was implanted, also f... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Mustacchi, Zan. "Incidência de colecistolitíase em Síndrome de Down; aspectos específicos de diagnóstico: genético, clínico e laboratorial." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-06112009-144406/.
Full textThe purpose of this study has been the prospective analysis of the Down syndrome population received by the Genetic Department of \"Hospital Infantil Darcy Vargas\", in the period from 1959 to 1996. The Department has received 2816 Down Syndrome patients\' in this period, and this study has selected 518 patients, clinical and cytogenetically diagnosed, which were studied following the specific clinical protocol, in periodical evaluations. The incidence of cholelithiasis was verified and it has been analysed the possible relationships among this disease and parentaI age, contraceptive use and clinical features leading to the discussion of eventual aetiologic mechanisms causing gallstones. It was verified 27 patients affected by Down Syndrome and presenting cholelithiasis in the survey of 518 patients ( 3.28 %) compared to the frequency of 7/10000 in the non Down population ( 0.07% ). The statistical analysis has shown that the distribution of the frequency probabilities have been between 3.6% and 7.7%, These studies have verified that the aetiology of the gallstones in the Down syndrome patients could be related to the hypotonic characteristic of the patients, leading to cholestasis, It is very important the suggestion of routine evaluation for this pathology, related to the eventual aetiologic features.
De, Paoli M., P. Perco, I. Mühlberger, A. Lukas, H. S. Pandha, Richard Morgan, G. J. Feng, and C. Marquette. "Disease map-based biomarker selection and pre-validation for bladder cancer diagnostic." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9897.
Full textContext: Urinary biomarkers are promising as simple alternatives to cystoscopy for the diagnosis of de novo and recurrent bladder cancer. Objective: To identify a highly sensitive and specific biomarker candidate set with potential clinical utility in bladder cancer. Materials and methods: Urinary biomarkers concentrations were determined by ELISA. The performance of individual markers and marker combinations was assessed using ROC analysis. Results: A 5-biomarker panel (IL8, MMP9, VEGFA, PTGS2 and EN2) was defined from the candidate set. Discussion and conclusion: This panel showed a better overall performance than the best individual marker. Further validation studies are needed to evaluate its clinical utility in bladder cancer.
This work has been supported in part by the European Commission Program DIPROMON - HEALTH-F5-2012-306157-2: Development of an integrated protein- and cell-based device for non-invasive diagnostics in the urogenital tract.
"Mouse orthotopic model for therapeutic bladder cancer research." 2014. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6116078.
Full textMaterials and Methods: Different orthotopic implantation techniques have been tested. MBT-2 cells and syngeneic C3H/He mice were used in all experiments. Chemical bladder pre-treatment with different agents (saline, hydrochloric acid, trypsin and poly-L-lysine) and different concentration of instilled tumor cells (1 x 10⁶ or 2 x 10⁶) were investigated. In the second part of the experiment, trans-abdominal micro-ultrasound imaging (MUI) technique was investigated and validated. Bladder tumor growths were monitored with longitudinal measurement. Mice were killed at every MUI session. Bladder tumor volumes were measured and correlated with gross stereomicroscopy. Using the optimized orthotopic bladder cancer model, targeted contrast enhanced micro-ultrasound imaging has been investigated. VEGFR2 targeted contrast agent was prepared and injected intravenously before imaging sessions. The intra-tumoral perfusion, VEGFR2 expression and blood volume in real time were quantified. Contrast enhanced MUI was performed on Days 14 and 21. The feasibility of targeted contrast enhanced micro-ultrasound imaging was confirmed. After the establishment of orthotopic model and in vivo molecular imaging techniques, this robust platform was used for investigating new treatment agent in localized bladder cancer. Tumor-bearing mice were randomized into control and sunitinibtreated (40 mg/kg) groups. Tumor volume, intra-tumoral perfusion, and in vivo VEGFR2 expression were measured using a targeted contrast-enhanced micro-ultrasound imaging system. The effects of sunitinib malate on angiogenesis and cellular proliferation were measured by CD31 and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. The clinical outcomes including total bladder weight, tumor stage, and survival were evaluated.
Results: A consistent tumor take-rate of over 90% was achieved by using poly-L-lysine pretreatment with 2 x 10⁶ MBT-2 cells in all of the experiments. MUI identified all tumors that were present on final histology. Measurements of tumor size by MUI and gross microscopy had a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.97). Measurements of intra-tumoral perfusion and in vivo VEGFR2 expression were also proved to be feasible. After the technical refinement and modification, complete measurements could be performed in all mice (n = 10) at 2 consecutive imaging sessions. No adverse effects occurred due to anesthesia or the ultrasound contrast agent. This is the first report of applying targeted contrast enhanced MUI in orthotopic bladder cancer model. Finally, sunitinib was found to have significant tumor growth inhibition in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In the orthotopic model, tumors in sunitinib-treated mice had reduced tumor volume and stage, lower proliferation index and micro-vessel density. Sunitinib prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice as compared to control group.
Conclusions: The development of reliable orthotopic animal models assists in the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. The establishment in the methods of implantation with improved tumor-take rate and the advances in imaging technology form the important foundation of basic research in bladder cancer. Trans-abdominal MUI is proven to be a valuable tool for translational studies involving orthotopic mouse bladder cancer models. Furthermore, the first report of the application of targeted contrast enhanced MUI in deep-seated tumor in bladder has been published. It enables investigators to monitor tumor angiogenesis and vascular changes after treatment. It will be useful for direct, noninvasive, in vivo evaluation of anti-angiogenesis therapeutic agents. The preclinical study has demonstrated the activities of a new class of targeted therapy against localized bladder cancer in an orthotopic mouse model. Sunitinib inhibits tumor growth and thus decreases the tumor burden and prolongs survival compared with placebo. These results provide a rationale for future clinical trials using VEGFR-targeted treatments of localized bladder cancer in the neo-adjuvant and adjuvant settings.
Chan, Shu Yin Eddie.
Thesis (M.D) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-212).
"Diagnostic and Therapeutic MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) Devices for the Identification and Treatment of Human Disease." Doctoral diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.49146.
Full textDissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2018
Chien-Hwa, Liao, and 廖建華. "Lactate dehydrogenase B subunit (LDHB)low expression is associated with tumor progressionand independently predicts inferior disease-specificand metastasis-free survivalin urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34994897724195036338.
Full text南台科技大學
生物科技系
99
Abstract In our previous studies, comparative proteomics demonstrated that lactate dehydrogenase B subunit (LDH-B) is down-regulated in high grade urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBUC) compared to non-high grade ones. However, this finding has not been validated by clinical cohort investigation. Therefore, in present study 269 primary localized UBUC specimens were examined for LDH-B expression to clarify the relevance of LDH-B expression level to UBUC progression. Immunohistochenmistry (IHC) was implemented to investigate LDH-B protein expression in 269 primary localized UBUC specimens and to evaluate the association with tumor progression and prognosis. Our data demonstrated that dwindled LDH-B expression level was strongly associated with increment of primary tumor status (p<0.0001), higher histological grade (p=0.0024), the presence of vascular (p=0.0118) as well as perineurial (p=0.0094) invasion, suggesting that LDH-B might be related to tumor progression. At the univariate level, low LDH-B expression is one of many parameters which significantly predicted both disease-specific survival (DSS) (p=0.0001) and metastasis-free survival (MeFS) (p=0.0024). In Cox multivariate regression model, higher pT status was the strongest independent prognosticator for both DSS (p=0.0006) and MeFS (p=0.0067) while Low LDH-B expression remained prognostically significant for DSS (p=0.0401). The above results confirmed the prognostic roles of LDH-B in UBUC
Lemos, Magda Maria Gomes. "Síndrome da Bexiga Dolorosa/Cistite Intersticial." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82486.
Full textContexto:A Síndrome da Bexiga Dolorosa/Cistite Intersticial é parte integrante das designadas Síndromes de Dor Pélvica Crónica. Inicialmente descrita apenas como Cistite Intersticial, com base em achados cistoscópicos específicos (lesões de Hunner), tem hoje uma abrangência mais vasta englobando muitos outros casos sintomáticos, mas sem achados diagnósticos característicos. Apesar de não se tratar de uma doença ameaçadora da vida, é bem reconhecido o seu impacto negativo na qualidade de vida. A incerteza da sua etiologia e fisiopatologia causa grandes entraves no diagnóstico e tratamento desta patologia. Objectivos:Este artigo revê e actualiza alguns conceitos base acerca desta patologia, desde a sua própria definição à apresentação clínica e congrega as hipóteses etiopatogénicas mais aceites correntemente, procurando articulá-las com a orientação diagnóstica e tratamento mais adequados. Métodos:A evidência científica citada foi adquirida através da plataforma PubMed, referenciando-se 49 artigos no total. Foram também consultadas revistas, guidelines e livros de texto.Síntese:Com base na leitura e análise da pesquisa efectuada, conclui-se que ainda muitos aspectos acerca desta patologia permanecem por esclarecer. A sua definição como conceito mais amplo veio beneficiar a estratificação dos doentes, factor importante na sua orientação e tratamento. Várias são as opções terapêuticas já apresentadas, algumas com bons resultados em casos específicos.Conclusão:A evidência científica actual mostra-se insuficiente para explicar todos os factores envolvidos nesta patologia. O reconhecimento da sua apresentação clínica poderá sugerir o diagnóstico em doentes com queixas do tracto urinário de outra forma inexplicadas.
Context:Bladder pain syndrome / Interstitial cystitis is an integral part of the so-called Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndromes. Initially described only as Interstitial Cystitis, based on specific cystoscopic findings (Hunner's lesions), it now has a broader scope encompassing many other symptomatic cases but without characteristic diagnostic findings. Although it is not a life threatening disease, its negative impact on quality of life is well recognized. The uncertainty of its etiology and pathophysiology causes great obstacles in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.Objectives:This article reviews and updates some basic concepts about this pathology, from its own definition to clinical presentation, and brings together the currently accepted etiopathogenic hypotheses, seeking to articulate them with the most appropriate diagnostic and treatment orientation.Methods:The cited scientific evidence was acquired through the PubMed platform, referencing 49 articles in total. Magazines, guidelines and textbooks were also consulted.Synthesis:Based on the reading and analysis of the research carried out, it is concluded that still many aspects about this pathology remain unclear. Its definition as a broader concept has benefited patient stratification, an important factor in its orientation and treatment. There are several therapeutic options already presented, some with good results in specific cases.Conclusion:Current scientific evidence is insufficient to explain all the factors involved in this pathology. Recognition of its clinical presentation may suggest the diagnosis in patients with otherwise unexplained urinary tract complaints.
Tsaknakis, Birgit. "Evaluation der sonographischen Gallenblasenwanddicke als neuer nicht-invasiver Marker für das Vorliegen von Ösophagusvarizen." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-14A7-8.
Full textPurdy, Mark Richard. "The predictive value of the NMP22 bladdercheck test for bladder carcinoma in patients presenting with haematuria to a South African tertiary care centre." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15309.
Full textBladder cancer is the second commonest urological malignancy and haematuria is the commonest symptom. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are integral for the investigation of haematuria, while the role of molecular markers such as the NMP22 BladderChek test is still being defined. The BladderChek is a qualitative point of care test developed for the detection of the elevated urinary levels of NMP22 associated with bladder cancer. No studies have been performed in South Africa using the BladderChek nor considered using this test to increase the efficiency of the workup of patients with gross haematuria. The primary aim was to establish the percentage of office cystoscopies done as part of a gross haematuria workup at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital that are unnecessary and may be avoided if the BladderChek is positive under defined conditions. A cross-sectional study of the BladderChek test using prospective consecutive sampling, with special care to limit false positives and negatives, of 64 patients with a history of gross haematuria was conducted. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the BladderChek and the urine cytology were 78.9%, 84.4%, 68.2%, 90.5% and 36.8%, 93.0%, 70.0%, 76.9% respectively. The performance of the BladderChek was not affected by the history of gross haematuria, the stage nor grade of malignancy. Urine cytology detected only one malignancy missed by the BladderChek. Approximately 12.6% of office cystoscopies may be avoided and 78.9% of bladder tumours detected if the BladderChek is selectively applied as in this study. This may “fast-track” patients for transurethral resection of bladder tumour. The BladderChek may be a cost-effective alternative to urine cytology.
(8098115), Thakshila Liyanage. "NANOPLASMONIC EFFICACY OF GOLD TRIANGULAR NANOPRISMS IN MEASUREMENT SCIENCE: APPLICATIONS RANGING FROM BIOMEDICAL TO FORENSIC SCIENCES." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textNoble metal nanostructures display collective oscillation of the surface conduction electrons upon light irradiation as a form of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties. Size, shape and the refractive index of surrounding environment are the key features that controls the LSPR properties. Surface passivating ligands have the ability to modify the charge density of nanostructures to allow resonant wavelength to match that of the incident light, a phenomenon called “plasmoelectric effect,”. According to the drude model Red and blue shifts of LSPR peak of nanostructures are observed in the event of reducing and increasing charge density, respectively. However, herein we report unusual LSPR properties of gold triangular nanoprisms (Au TNPs) upon functionalization with para-substituted thiophenols (X-Ph-SH, X = -NH2, -OCH3, -CH3, -H, -Cl, -CF3, and -NO2). Accordingly, we hypothesized that an appropriate energy level alignment between the Au Fermi energy and the HOMO or LUMO of ligands allows delocalization of surface plasmon excitation at the hybrid inorganic-organic interface, and thus provides a thermodynamically driven plasmoelectric effect. We further validated our hypothesis by calculating the HOMO and LUMO levels and also work function changes of Au TNPs upon functionalization with para substituted thiol. We further utilized our unique finding to design ultrasensitive plasmonic substrate for biosensing of cancer microRNA in bladder cancer and owe to unpresidential sensitivity of the developed Au TNPs based LSPR sensor, for the first time we have been utilized to analysis the tumor suppressor microRNA for more accurate diagnosis of BC. Additionally, we have been advancing our sensing platform to mitigate the false positive and negative responses of the sensing platform using surface enhanced fluorescence technique. This noninvasive, highly sensitive, highly specific, also does not have false positives technique provide strong key to detect cancer at very early stage, hence increase the cancer survival rate. Moreover, the electromagnetic field enhancement of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and other related surface-enhanced spectroscopic processes resulted from the LSPR property. This dissertation describes the design and development of entirely new SERS nanosensors using flexible SERS substrate based on unique LSPR property of Au TNPs and developed sensors shows excellent SERS activity (enhancement factor = ~6.0 x 106) and limit of detection (as low as 56 parts-per-quadrillions) with high selectivity by chemometric analyses among three commonly used explosives (TNT, RDX, and PETN). Further we achieved the programable self-assembly of Au TNPs using molecular tailoring to form a 3D supper lattice array based on the substrate effect. Here we achieved the highest reported sensitivity for potent drug analysis, including opioids and synthetic cannabinoids from human plasma obtained from the emergency room. This exquisite sensitivity is mainly due to the two reasons, including molecular resonance of the adsorbate molecules and the plasmonic coupling among the nanoparticles. Altogether we are highly optimistic that our research will not only increase the patient survival rate through early detection of cancer but also help to battle the “war against drugs” that together is expected to enhance the quality of human life.
Dewan, P. A. (Patrick Arthur). "Vesicoureteric reflux : clinical and laboratory research including investigation of the role and risks of plastics / P.A. Dewan." 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19385.
Full text271 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Indicates that injections under the ureteric orifice can cure VUR and that the tissue response to the plastics becomes quiescent. Research into embolisation from solid implants from intravenous tubing and the possibility of antibody formation to implanted plastics is also included. A model for fetal VUR has been developed to clarify focus of the uncertainity about reflux disease.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Paediatrics, 1999