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Academic literature on the topic 'Blackbirds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Blackbirds"

1

Leonard, Marty L., and Jaroslav Picman. "Why Are Nesting Marsh Wrens and Yellow-Headed Blackbirds Spatially Segregated?" Auk 103, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/103.1.135.

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Abstract The activity centers of Marsh Wrens (Cistothorus palustris) and Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) are spatially segregated. This segregation may occur because (1) one species excludes the other or (2) the two species prefer different habitats. These hypotheses were tested by documenting changes in the size and location of Marsh Wren territories throughout the breeding season, and by the removal of conesting Yellow-headed Blackbirds. The expansion of Marsh Wren territories into blackbird breeding areas after both the natural departure and the removal of blackbirds best supports the explanation based on the active exclusion of Marsh Wrens by Yellow-headed Blackbirds.

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Rząd, I., J. Sitko, R. Sałamatin, and D. Wysocki. "Helminth community structure study on urban and forest blackbird (Turdus merula L.) populations in relation to seasonal bird migration on the south Baltic Sea coast (NW Poland)." Helminthologia 51, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-014-0219-6.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to compare helminth community structure of urban and forest blackbird populations. 24 helminth species in 98 blackbirds were found. Higher species richness was noted in the forest population of the blackbird (23 species) in comparison to the urban population (14 species). The response of the helminth fauna to a synanthropic habitat, contrary to a natural habitat, consists in a significant reduction in most parasitological parameters. Higher species richness has been noted in spring (17 species) than in autumn (14 species). Urban habitat, in contrast to the forest, may cause changes in the abundance of helminth communities in male and female blackbirds. The helminth fauna of nestlings, in spite of low species richness is characterized by a higher prevalence and intensity of infection in comparison to blackbirds feeding on their own. Helminth fauna of the blackbird seems to be a good indicator of environmental quality.

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Clark, Robert G., and Patrick J. Weatherhead. "The effect of fine-scale variations in agricultural land use on the abundance of red-winged blackbirds." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 1951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-293.

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We used censuses of breeding red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and of land use to test the prediction that blackbirds should be most abundant where there is a mix of hayfield (breeding habitat) and corn production (feeding habitat) but fewer birds where either habitat predominates. Red-winged blackbird abundance increased in response to increases in both hayfields and cropland. Multivariate analysis including hayfield, cropland, and wetland abundance as explanatory variables explained substantially more variation in blackbird abundance than any of the variables could by themselves. Although our analyses indicated some evidence of a decline in numbers of blackbirds when either hayfields or cropland became very abundant, none of the areas censused approached true monoculture and therefore the conditions under which a sharp decline in the blackbird population was predicted were not encountered. However, evidence from other locations and local population trends suggest that the prediction is correct.

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Picman, Jaroslav, Stanislav Pribil, and Andre Isabelle. "Antipredation Value of Colonial Nesting in Yellow-Headed Blackbirds." Auk 119, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.2.461.

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Abstract Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) in Manitoba breed in dense colonies in cattail marshes. Their reproductive success is affected mainly by predation. The most important predator on blackbird nests is the Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris), which breaks blackbird eggs and kills small nestlings. We examined whether colonial nesting in Yellow-headed Blackbirds may represent an adaptation to reduce Marsh Wren predation. Marsh Wren predation may be reduced by (1) mutual nest defense by adult blackbirds, (2) predator satiation or dilution, or (3) selfish-herd effects. We tested these hypotheses using experimental nests and found that their safety increased with decreasing distance to the nearest blackbird nest and with increasing density of simultaneously active blackbird nests located nearby. Safety also was higher for nests placed inside a blackbird colony rather than outside. These findings support the nest-defense hypothesis. We also found that Marsh Wrens are capable of destroying a whole blackbird colony in a few days, and that colony size is not correlated with nest safety. These results suggest that the satiation or dilution benefits are negligible. Finally, we found that central nests are safer than peripheral nests in a blackbird colony, but not in an artificial colony, providing weak support for the selfish-herd hypothesis. We conclude that nest predation is reduced mainly by mutual nest defense of adult birds and may represent an important selective force favoring colonial nesting in this species.

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Sakhvon, Vital V. "NESTING FEATURES OF BLACKBIRD (TURDUS MERULA) IN URBAN GREEN SPACES IN MINSK." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Ecology., no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/2521-683x/2021-4-46-53.

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Synurbic populations of birds are characterized by specific features that differ from those of wild populations of the same species, which is the result of adaptation to living in cities. The paper analyses some parameters of breeding of the Blackbird (Turdus merula) in two park in Minsk and compares them with the breeding biology of wild Blackbirds in natural habitats. During the years 2015-2017 and 2019-2021, 74 nests of urban Blackbird were obtained. For comparison, data on 245 nest of this species in natural landscapes were used.As a result, it was found that the nest selection in urban Blackbirds remains similar to wild Blackbirds in forests, and the differences are explained by the peculiarities of forestry activities carried out in urban parks. More than 74 % of all nests were built in the undergrowth layer, while most of the nests were located on the Norway spruce (59.72 %). A majority of urban Blackbirds started laying first eggs relatively later (from 21.04 to 10.05) than forest birds (from 11.04 to 30.04), which most likely results from the adaptation of birds to a significant recreational load from humans during the period when the trees have not come into leaf yet. Nevertheless, no differences were found in the average clutch size between urban (4.17 ± 0.72 eggs) and forest (4.51 ± 0.64 eggs) birds. The low breeding success of the Blackbird (39.4 %) in the urbanized area testifies to the fact that the homeostasis of the relatively high number of the urban Blackbird population in Minsk is most likely maintained due to the constant influx of individuals from local suburban forests.

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PARFITT, DAN E., and GREGORY J. FOX. "GENETIC SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO BLACKBIRD PREDATION IN SUNFLOWER." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps86-003.

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Fifty-one sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) inbreds were grown at three environments (locations) in North Dakota. Inbreds at two locations were subjected to naturally occurring bird predation by redwinged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus L.) and yellowheaded blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Bonaparte). The third sunflower plot was surrounded by a cage into which redwinged blackbirds were introduced. Bird damage was estimated as percent achenes removed from individual sunflower heads. Significant differences among environments were observed (P < 0.01). However, genotype performance among environments was highly correlated (P < 0.01). Half sib progeny from 36 of these inbreds were grown along with their maternal inbred parents to estimate narrow sense heritability (h2NS) of resistance to bird predation. Estimates of h2NS obtained by parent offspring regression and by covariance among half-sib families were h2NS = 0.69 and h2NS = 0.66, respectively. These estimates indicate a 67% level of heritability for resistance to bird predation, and suggest that it should be possible to develop sunflower lines with improved resistance.Key words: Sunflower, bird feeding, redwinged blackbird, yellowheaded blackbird

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Wang, Yanping, Qin Huang, Sisi Lan, Qin Zhang, and Shuihua Chen. "Common blackbirds Turdus merula use anthropogenic structures as nesting sites in an urbanized landscape." Current Zoology 61, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.3.435.

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Abstract The common blackbird Turdus merula is one of the most highly urbanized bird species. However, to date, the use of anthropogenic structures as nesting sites in the common blackbird is rarely documented, and the factors influencing its use of the anthropogenic structures as nesting sites remain unclear. In this study, we systematically quantified and determined the factors influencing the use of anthropogenic structures as nesting sites in common blackbirds in a highly urbanized city of Hangzhou, China. We searched for nests of common blackbirds during four breeding seasons from 2010 to 2013. Among the 60 nests found, 34 nests were in anthropogenic structures such as wall ledges, air condition mounts, window canopies, cable poles, guardrails, eaves, balcony frames, flowerpots and flower shelves on balconies. We found that the available anthropogenic nest sites and the available nesting trees were main factors determining the use of anthropogenic structures as nesting sites in common blackbirds. In urban environments, the amount of available anthropogenic nesting sites increased significantly, whereas the number of natural nesting sites reduced greatly. Our results suggest that common blackbirds can adjust their nest sites in response to urbanization and such nesting behavior shifts may aid them to colonize urban environments. From a management viewpoint, our results indicate that behavioral flexibility should be taken into account for effective urban wildlife management and conservation.

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Hönig, Vaclav, Martin Palus, Tomas Kaspar, Marta Zemanova, Karolina Majerova, Lada Hofmannova, Petr Papezik, et al. "Multiple Lineages of Usutu Virus (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) in Blackbirds (Turdus merula) and Mosquitoes (Culex pipiens, Cx. modestus) in the Czech Republic (2016–2019)." Microorganisms 7, no. 11 (November 16, 2019): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7110568.

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Usutu virus (USUV) is a flavivirus (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) of an African origin transmitted among its natural hosts (diverse species of birds) by mosquitoes. The virus was introduced multiple times to Europe where it caused mortality of blackbirds (Turdus merula) and certain other susceptible species of birds. In this study, we report detection of USUV RNA in blackbirds, Culex pipiens and Cx. modestus mosquitoes in the Czech Republic, and isolation of 10 new Czech USUV strains from carcasses of blackbirds in cell culture. Multiple lineages (Europe 1, 2 and Africa 3) of USUV were found in blackbirds and mosquitoes in the southeastern part of the country. A single USUV lineage (Europe 3) was found in Prague and was likely associated with increased mortalities in the local blackbird population seen in this area in 2018. USUV genomic RNA (lineage Europe 2) was detected in a pool of Cx. pipiens mosquitoes from South Bohemia (southern part of the country), where no major mortality of birds has been reported so far, and no flavivirus RNA has been found in randomly sampled cadavers of blackbirds. The obtained data contributes to our knowledge about USUV genetic variability, distribution and spread in Central Europe.

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Langston, Lee S. "Powering Out of Trouble." Mechanical Engineering 135, no. 12 (December 1, 2013): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2013-dec-3.

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This article presents a study of Pratt & Whitney’s J58, till date the best and high-powered engine for manufacturing lessons required for the development of F35 Joint Strike Fighter. The J58 Blackbird engine is a variable cycle engine, a turbojet/ramjet combined-cycle engine. It is a conventional afterburning turbojet for take-off and transonic flight, and it approximates a ramjet during high-speed supersonic cruise. The power plant for the Blackbirds is a marvelous development on the part of Pratt & Whitney, as it is the only engine of its kind in the world. The noise and vibration from a J58 test was so great that it could rattle the side-view mirror off nearby cars. The engine was developed at an isolated research center in Florida. At take-off and low-speed flight, the J58 engine/afterburner provides most of the thrust. Both of the Blackbird’s twin nacelles contain an engine supersonic inlet, the J58 engine with its afterburner, and an exhaust ejector nozzle. All three components contribute to the Blackbird’s propulsive thrust in varying proportions, depending on flight speed.

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Wohner, Patricia J., Carol R. Foss, and Robert J. Cooper. "Rusty Blackbird Habitat Selection and Survivorship during Nesting and Post-Fledging." Diversity 12, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12060221.

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Rusty blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) populations have declined dramatically since the 1970s and the cause of decline is still unclear. As is the case for many passerines, most research on rusty blackbirds occurs during the nesting period. Nest success is relatively high in most of the rusty blackbird’s range, but survival during the post-fledging period, when fledgling songbirds are particularly vulnerable, has not been studied. We assessed fledgling and adult survivorship and nest success in northern New Hampshire from May to August in 2010 to 2012. We also assessed fledgling and adult post-fledging habitat selection and nest-site selection. The likelihood of rusty blackbirds nesting in a given area increased with an increasing proportion of softwood/mixed-wood sapling stands and decreasing distances to first to sixth order streams. Wetlands were not selected for nest sites, but both adults and fledglings selected wetlands for post-fledging habitat. Fledglings and adults selected similar habitat post-fledging, but fledglings were much more likely to be found in habitat with an increasing proportion of softwood/mixed-wood sapling stands and were more likely to be closer to streams than adults. No habitat variables selected during nesting or post-fledging influenced daily survival rates, which were relatively low for adults over the 60-day study periods (males 0.996, females 0.998). Fledgling survival rates (0.89) were much higher than reported for species of similar size.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blackbirds"

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Desrochers, Andre. "Age and reproduction in European blackbirds, Turdus merula." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386029.

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Glassey, Barb C. "Resource competition among nestling red-winged blackbirds (agelaius phoeniceus)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/NQ57508.pdf.

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Milks, Maynard. "Female choice and polygyny in red-winged blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniceus." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5464.

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Hill, Ian Franklin. "Post-nestling mortality and dispersal in Blackbirds and Song Thrushes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298192.

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Muma, Katherine Elizabeth Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Sexual selection and plumage variation in female red-winged blackbirds." Ottawa, 1987.

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Shutler, Dave (David Edward) Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Dynamics of territory acquisition in red-winged blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniceus." Ottawa, 1991.

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Dufour, Kevin William Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Symmetry, quality, and sexual success in male red-winged blackbirds." Ottawa, 1996.

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Chamberlain, Daniel. "The factors affecting reproductive success and breeding density in a rural population of blackbirds, Turdus merula L." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:640a7ef4-ef7c-49fc-87ec-dd3f4accd108.

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The aim of this thesis was to identify the factors determining reproductive success and breeding density in a rural population of blackbirds occupying contiguous woodland and farmland habitats. Once these factors were identified, an attempt was made to assess the quality of the two habitats in terms of reproductive success. Predation was the major factor affecting reproductive success. There were no significant effects of habitat on predation when habitat was defined as farmland, woodland and woodland edge. When defined in terms of nesting density, high density 'hot-spot' areas had significantly greater nesting cover and lower predation rates than territories in farmland or in the rest of the wood. Parents could adjust their provisioning rates according to chick demand. Consequently chicks in larger broods were not significantly different in weight to chicks in smaller broods. The seasonal change in clutch size is therefore well adapted to conditions for raising nestlings, although there was indirect evidence that female condition may limit clutch size early in the season. The nestlings were fed two main diet types, earthworms and caterpillars, the availability of the former being related to rainfall and temperature and the latter occurring in a seasonal peak. Nestlings fed on predominantly earthworm diets were significantly heavier, thus caterpillars are probably a lower quality prey. Starvation was a minor cause of nestling mortality. There was some evidence that farmland birds were more dependent on earthworms than woodland birds, and consequently only farmland broods showed a significant relationship between weight and rainfall. This conferred no disadvantage to farmland broods, although this may have implications for reproductive success in very dry years. Farmland breeders showed some characteristics of a population in a suboptimal habitat. Breeding density was low on farmland compared with woodland. This in part may have been due to lack of suitable nesting cover. An experiment with artificial nests indicated that predation would be proportionately higher on farmland if nesting density was increased. Year-to-year variations in density across the whole study site paralleled the relative harshness of the preceding winter. Food supplementation prior to the breeding season had no effect on subsequent breeding density or clutch size. It is concluded that farmland is potentially a sub-optimal habitat if subject to different conditions of weather or breeding density than those observed during the three years of this study.

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Metz, Karen Jennifer Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Coloured bands, coverable badges, and sexual selection in red-winged blackbirds." Ottawa, 1991.

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Friedman, Nicholas R. "The evolution of carotenoid coloration and pigmentation in the New World blackbirds." Thesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3563319.

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Plumage color evolution in birds has been the focus of theoretical and empirical research on sexual selection since Darwin. Many of the yellow, orange, and red hues seen in bird plumage are the result of carotenoid pigmentation. While a great number of recent studies have examined the functions of carotenoid-based plumage coloration in a single species, few have examined the evolutionary history of this trait in a comparative phylogenetic context. Using the New World blackbirds as a model clade, I focus on two questions that a comparative phylogenetic approach can uniquely address. First, what is the history of evolutionary change in carotenoid color that led to the colors seen in extant blackbird taxa? Second, by what proximate mechanisms have carotenoid pigments evolved? In Chapter 1, I present an ancestral state reconstruction of carotenoid-based plumage coloration across the Icterid phylogeny, based on reflectance measurements of museum skins. My results show robust evidence that red coloration was gained repeatedly from a yellow common ancestor. In Chapter 2, I used pigment biochemistry of meadowlark (Sturnella) and Cacique (Cacicus) feathers to test whether independent gains of red coloration are the result of parallel or convergent metabolic mechanisms. Meadowlarks have evolved red coloration using a different set of carotenoids than caciques, but the caciques have evolved the same set of carotenoids twice. This suggests that red coloration evolved by convergent evolution among different blackbird clades, but evolved by parallel evolution within the caciques. Lastly, in Chapter 3 I examine the relationship between color and carotenoid pigmentation in orioles, a blackbird clade in which orange has been gained at least twice independently from a yellow common ancestor. I found red-producing keto-carotenoids only in orange species and never in yellow species. This result is a striking contrast to our expectation for a continuous gradient of a carotenoid pigment concentration. These results suggest that repeated gains of C4-oxygenation ability best explain evolutionary changes in orange coloration in orioles. To summarize, I showed using phylogenetic comparative methods that blackbirds have repeatedly evolved towards redder carotenoid coloration. Using HPLC biochemistry, I showed that each of these gains of orange and red coloration is likely the result of a gain of C4-oxygenation ability. The prevalence of gains of orange and red coloration suggests that there may be a directional bias towards evolving longer-wavelength carotenoid plumage. The research presented in these chapters provides the phylogenetic framework necessary for future studies to examine the functional causes underlying the repeated evolution of carotenoid-based coloration.

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Books on the topic "Blackbirds"

1

Walker, Colin Roland. Blackbirds. Bothell, WA: Wright Group, 1989.

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Company, London Bubble Theatre, ed. Blackbirds. London]: Bloomsbury, 2017.

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Peck, George K. Blackbirds. Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media, 1998.

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R, Jenkins Dennis, ed. Lockheed Blackbirds. North Branch, MN: Specialty Press, 2004.

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E, Davies Peter, ed. Lockheed blackbirds. Surrey: I. Allan, 1988.

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Boyd, Martin. When blackbirds sing. Ringwood, Vic: Penguin, 1993.

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Ledbetter, Ken. Too many blackbirds. Kitchener, Ont: The Occasional Press, 1993.

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Blackbirds: A novel. Edmonton: NeWest Press, 2012.

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Deahl, James. Blackbirds: War poems. Hamilton, Ont: UnMon Northland, 1999.

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O'Gorman, Mary. Barking at blackbirds. Cork: Bradshaw Books, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Blackbirds"

1

Petrou, Kirstie, and John Connell. "The New Blackbirds?" In Pacific Islands Guestworkers in Australia, 385–428. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5387-3_11.

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Hall, Martin. "Blackbirds and Black Butterflies." In Refiguring the Archive, 333–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0570-8_19.

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Twedt, Daniel J. "Ecology of Yellow-Headed Blackbirds." In Ecology and Management of Blackbirds (Icteridae) in North America, 43–64. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315156439-3.

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Linz, George M., Page E. Klug, and Richard A. Dolbeer. "Ecology and Management of Red-Winged Blackbirds." In Ecology and Management of Blackbirds (Icteridae) in North America, 17–42. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315156439-2.

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Linz, George M., and Page E. Klug. "Strategies for Evading Blackbird Damage." In Ecology and Management of Blackbirds (Icteridae) in North America, 175–90. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315156439-10.

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Dale, Jocelyn R. "A Bivariate Discrete Model of Changing Colour in Blackbirds." In Statistics in Ornithology, 25–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5138-5_3.

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Klug, Page E. "The Future of Blackbird Management Research." In Ecology and Management of Blackbirds (Icteridae) in North America, 217–34. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315156439-13.

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Dolbeer, Richard A. "Dynamics and Management of Blackbird Populations." In Ecology and Management of Blackbirds (Icteridae) in North America, 119–34. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315156439-7.

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Shwiff, Stephanie A., Karina L. Ernest, Samantha L. Degroot, Aaron M. Anderson, and Steven S. Shwiff. "The Economic Impact of Blackbird Damage to Crops." In Ecology and Management of Blackbirds (Icteridae) in North America, 207–16. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315156439-12.

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Forcey, Greg M., and Wayne E. Thogmartin. "Effects of Habitat and Climate on Blackbird Populations." In Ecology and Management of Blackbirds (Icteridae) in North America, 101–18. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315156439-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Blackbirds"

1

Carpenter, Buz. "Kelly's greatest challenge - the blackbirds." In 2017 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsurv.2017.8012052.

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"Kelly's greatest challenge — The Blackbirds." In 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2012.6383139.

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Towhidnejad, Massood, and Jayson Clifford. "Blackbird Unmanned Aircraft System." In AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-1900.

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Nahon, Meyer, Zihao Zhuo, Shengan Yang, Inna Sharf, Rick Cavallaro, and Stephen Morris. "Modeling of the Blackbird Wind-Powered Ground Vehicle." In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0910.

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Berg, Thomas, and Peter N. Belhumeur. "How Do You Tell a Blackbird from a Crow?" In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2013.9.

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Merlin, Peter. "Design and Development of the Blackbird: Challenges and Lessons Learned." In 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-1522.

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"BLACKBIRD MONITORING SYSTEM - Performance Analysis and Monitoring in Information Systems." In 4th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001529100460053.

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Mixon, Bryan, and Bernd Chudoba. "The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird - A Senior Capstone Re-Engineering Experience." In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-698.

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Lawler, Christopher R., Forrest L. Ridenhour, Shaheer A. Khan, Nicholas M. Rossomando, and Ansel Rothstein-Dowden. "Blackbird: Object-Oriented Planning, Simulation, and Sequencing Framework Used by Multiple Missions." In 2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero47225.2020.9172680.

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Xue, Hui, H. Khawaja, and M. Moatamedi. "Conceptual design of high speed supersonic aircraft: A brief review on SR-71 (Blackbird) aircraft." In 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE AND SCIENCES: ICNPAA 2014. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4904694.

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Reports on the topic "Blackbirds"

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Dolbeer, Richard A., and George M. Llnz. Blackbirds. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7207732.ws.

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The term blackbird loosely refers to a diverse group of about 10 species of North American birds that belong to the avian family Icteridae. The most common species include: Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus, Common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), Great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus), Brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), Yellow-headed blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), Brewer’s blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus), and Rusty blackbird (Euphagus carolinus). They can cause damage to crops and fruits. Some of them may cause damage to livestock feed in feedlots and some of them may be a cause for concern in the future, due to the potential for disease transmission, with their expanding range. There is potential to amplify and spread disease to humans such as avian influenza although there is no evidence that this happened. Blackbirds are native migratory birds, and thus come under the jurisdiction of the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), a formal treaty with Canada, Mexico, Japan, and Russia. Blackbirds have federal protection in the U.S.

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Luke Douglas, Luke Douglas. Can intensive forestry benefit the threatened Rusty Blackbird? Experiment, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/12619.

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Matsuoka, Steven M., David Shaw, and Jim A. Johnson. Assessing the Value of Department of Defense Lands in Alaska to a Declining Species, the Rusty Blackbird. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada534756.

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Driver, Crystal, Anne Jarrell, Jennifer Ollero, Brett Tiller, and Robert Fulton. Effects of Fog Oil Smoke on Immune Responses in the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430765.

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Brenan, J. M., K. Woods, J. E. Mungall, and R. Weston. Origin of chromitites in the Esker Intrusive Complex, Ring of Fire Intrusive Suite, as revealed by chromite trace element chemistry and simple crystallization models. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328981.

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Abstract:

To better constrain the origin of the chromitites associated with the Esker Intrusive Complex (EIC) of the Ring of Fire Intrusive Suite (RoFIS), a total of 50 chromite-bearing samples from the Black Thor, Big Daddy, Blackbird, and Black Label chromite deposits have been analysed for major and trace elements. The samples represent three textural groups, as defined by the relative abundance of cumulate silicate phases and chromite. To provide deposit-specific partition coefficients for modeling, we also report on the results of laboratory experiments to measure olivine- and chromite-melt partitioning of V and Ga, which are two elements readily detectable in the chromites analysed. Comparison of the Cr/Cr+Al and Fe/Fe+Mg of the EIC chromites and compositions from previous experimental studies indicates overlap in Cr/Cr+Al between the natural samples and experiments done at &gt;1400oC, but significant offset of the natural samples to higher Fe/Fe+Mg. This is interpreted to be the result of subsolidus Fe-Mg exchange between chromite and the silicate matrix. However, little change in Cr/Cr+Al from magmatic values, owing to the lack of an exchangeable reservoir for these elements. A comparison of the composition of the EIC chromites and a subset of samples from other tectonic settings reveals a strong similarity to chromites from the similarly-aged Munro Township komatiites. Partition coefficients for V and Ga are consistent with past results in that both elements are compatible in chromite (DV = 2-4; DGa ~ 3), and incompatible in olivine (DV = 0.01-0.14; DGa ~ 0.02), with values for V increasing with decreasing fO2. Simple fractional crystallization models that use these partition coefficients are developed that monitor the change in element behaviour based on the relative proportions of olivine to chromite in the crystallizing assemblage; from 'normal' cotectic proportions involving predominantly olivine, to chromite-only crystallization. Comparison of models to the natural chromite V-Ga array suggests that the overall positive correlation between these two elements is consistent with chromite formed from a Munro Township-like komatiitic magma crystallizing olivine and chromite in 'normal' cotectic proportions, with no evidence of the strong depletion in these elements expected for chromite-only crystallization. The V-Ga array can be explained if the initial magma responsible for chromite formation is slightly reduced with respect to the FMQ oxygen buffer (~FMQ- 0.5), and has assimilated up to ~20% of wall-rock banded iron formation or granodiorite. Despite the evidence for contamination, results indicate that the EIC chromitites crystallized from 'normal' cotectic proportions of olivine to chromite, and therefore no specific causative link is made between contamination and chromitite formation. Instead, the development of near- monomineralic chromite layers likely involves the preferential removal of olivine relative to chromite by physical segregation during magma flow. As suggested for some other chromitite-forming systems, the specific fluid dynamic regime during magma emplacement may therefore be responsible for crystal sorting and chromite accumulation.

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Geologic map of the Blackbird Mountain Quadrangle, Lemhi County, Idaho. US Geological Survey, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/i2728.

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Geologic map of the Blackbird Mountain 15-minute Quadrangle, Lemhi County, Idaho. US Geological Survey, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/mf2234.

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