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Jweid, Abdalhadi Nimer Abdalqader Abu. "Mind of Darkness: Social Equality and Self-Autonomy as Feminist Premises of the Concept of Courageous Code in Yaa Gyasi’s Homegoing." English Language and Literature Studies 13, no. 3 (August 15, 2023): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v13n3p29.
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Yaa Gyasi’s Homegoing presents the horrific sequences of black women’s experience throughout history. Such experience encompasses the plights—both mundane and spectacular—of women’s marginalization and deprivation. Gyasi’s narrative style, by turns historical and racially intimate, evokes common themes of misogynoir; and her novel abounds with deprived protagonists and androcentric entities. Focusing on black women’s experience, this study theoretically attempts to explore the concept of feminist “courageous code” as an antithesis of misogynoir to empower their social equality and self-autonomy. The study critically considers how Gyasi utilizes a historical aesthetic narrative in her writing to critique and unravel the unspeakable oppression experienced by black women. Interpreting the intersection of literary oppression and theoretical “courageous code,” this study argues that Gyasi’s Homegoing bridges the gap between the oppressed black women and patriarchal stereotyping, reinforcing the fictional expectations of her largely gender equality. The study, therefore, seeks to find authenticity, look for female subjectivity and self-autonomy; and it anticipates abjection of misogynoir and all its implications via feminist “courageous code.”
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Gibson, Dawn-Marie. "Sojourning for Freedom: Black women, American communism, and the making of Black left feminismERIK. S. McDUFFIE." Women's History Review 23, no. 1 (May 24, 2013): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2013.805556.
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Philipp, Claire S., Ambarina Faiz, Sheetal Shrimanker, Michele G. Beckman, Paula L. Bockenstedt, Andra H. James, and Marilyn J. Manco-Johnson. "Racial Differences in Thrombotic Risk Factors Associated with Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Among Women Obtaining Care in US Thrombosis and Hemostasis Centers." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 2982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2982.2982.
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Abstract Abstract 2982 Poster Board II-958 Pregnancy complications such as recurrent miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and preeclampsia are common and have been associated with thrombophilia. However racial differences are poorly described for this population. The objective of this study was to determine racial differences in unexplained adverse pregnancy outcome among women obtaining care in the CDC Thrombosis and Hemostasis Centers Research and Prevention Network. Uniform data were prospectively collected from August 2003 to March 2009 in consenting women with a history of adverse pregnancy outcome obtaining care at Network Centers for pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, or postpartum consultation and/or management. Data from 407 women (mean age 38.5 ±12 yrs), including 326 white women (mean age 39.4 ± 12 yrs), and 60 black women (mean age 33.9 ± 11 yrs) were analyzed. Black women had significantly more second trimester pregnancy losses compared to white women (35% vs 22%, p=0.03) but the proportions of 1st trimester losses, 3rd trimester losses, IUGR, prematurity, abruption, and preeclampsia were not significantly different. The risk of thrombophilia differed by race, with Factor V Leiden mutation more common in white women compared to black women (19% vs 3%, p=0.002). Protein S deficiency was more common in black women compared to white women overall (15% vs 5%, p=0.006) and in the subgroup of non-pregnant women (14% vs 5%, p=0.04). There was no significant difference in the proportion of white and black women with antiphospholipid antibodies. Among 285 women evaluated when non-pregnant, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 was more frequent in black women (83%) compared to white women (63%) (p=0.04). Overall, black women had a significantly higher proportion with hypertension (27% vs 11%, p=0.002) and sickle cell disease (7% vs 0,%, p< 0.001). There was no significant racial difference in history of pregnancy associated, provoked, or idiopathic venous thromboembolism (VTE). A family history of thrombophilia (6% vs 0%, p=0.05), VTE (22% vs 7%, p=0.005), myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke (12% vs 0%, p=0.0042) was significantly more common in white women compared to black women (overall 32% vs 8%, p<0.0002). This study demonstrates that comorbidities including hypertension, sickle cell disease and BMI≥25 are more prevalent in black women with adverse pregnancy outcomes whereas white women have a higher prevalence of Factor V Leiden mutation, and positive family history of thrombophilia, VTE, MI, and stroke. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Mendrela, Karolina. "Kobiety radzieckiego samizdatu we współczesnej kulturze rosyjskiej — skomplikowane drogi feministek drugiej fali." Kultury Wschodniosłowiańskie - Oblicza i Dialog, no. 6 (September 22, 2018): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kw.2016.6.10.
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The article aims to reconstruct the history of women who created female Soviet samizdat Woman and Russia and magazine Maria. They are examples of a postsoviet woman who needs to find a place for herself in the new Russian reality after the fall of the Eastern Block. Despite her experience in dissident activity she cannot find her place in the new women`s movement in Russia. The Russian women’s movement in 90’s had two main sources: women organizations originating from the Soviet times and the Russian feminist research institutes, which were cooperating with Western feminist organizations. Despite big popularity of women`s organization in the beginning nowadays Russia has got a problem with poor social and political activity of Russian women. The author of the article indicates several reasons for such a situation.
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Marwan, Hayat Ali. "Palimpasestic Images of Landscape, Gender, and Ethnicity in Toni Morrison’s A Mercy." English Language and Literature Studies 10, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v10n1p32.
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This study explores Morrison’s A Mercy as a palimpsest, both in terms of its adoption of multiple narrators and in the way, landscape is layered with vestiges of history, myths, and most importantly, with traces of black women creativity. Reading landscape in Morrison’s novel as a multi-textured palimpsest entails an assessment of the interplay of ethnicity and gender in the novel. This study finds in Alice Walker’s employment of the symbolic connotations of the “garden” to depict the creativity of black women discussed in her book In Search of Our Mother’s Garden (1984) a theoretical framework for interpreting Florens’s creativity in reading the land and the development of her identity in relation to the natural realm. This study also explores the palimpsestic aspects in Morrison’s text both synchronically and diachronically. The diachronic aspect examines the way Morrison’s A Mercy delves into history towards earlier representations of the American landscape and shows how her text reads and overwrites others. As a model of intertextuality, the palimpsest enables Morrison to overwrite the writings of American Transcendental figures such as Emerson and Thoreau, who have gained precedence in writing and visualizing the American landscape. Conversely, the synchronic angle addresses the implications of Morrison’s adoption of multiple voices, which are laid over each other and either rival or endorse each other in the form of a palimpsest. Reading each experience as a separate layer reveals other minor embedded layers that surface through Morrison’s stylistic language and evocation of smells and colours.
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Baldwin, Melody, Geeta Swamy, and Sarahn Wheeler. "Pregnant Women's Knowledge and Beliefs about the Safety and Outcomes of Delivery at Various Gestational Ages." American Journal of Perinatology Reports 08, no. 01 (January 2018): e7-e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1624561.
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Objectives Despite the morbidity associated with late preterm and early-term births, there is limited data on pregnant women's perception of neonatal risk based on gestational age (GA). Therefore, our objective was to determine pregnant women's perception of neonatal risks at varying GAs. Method Through an anonymous 24-question survey, pregnant women were asked to designate the GA at delivery that is desirable, safe, and defined as full term. Responses were compared based on race, history of preterm birth, and medical comorbidities. Results Among the 233 survey respondents, the majority (62.9%) desired delivery at 36 to 39 weeks' gestation. Black women were more likely to desire delivery at 28 to 35 weeks compared with other racial/ethnic groups (p = 0.005). Women with a history of preterm birth or medical complications were less likely to desire delivery at 40 weeks. More than 40% of respondents thought delivery at 8 months of pregnancy was safe and 40.3% responded that 37 weeks' gestation is considered term. Conclusion Misconceptions surrounding the definition of a term pregnancy are pervasive and vary by race, obstetric history, and medical comorbidities. Our findings highlight the need for patient education about appropriate gestational length, especially in minority and high-risk populations.
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Cohn-Postar, Gideon. "Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All by Martha S. Jones." Journal of the Civil War Era 12, no. 1 (2022): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwe.2022.0018.
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Romano, Sarah S., and Kemi M. Doll. "The Impact of Fibroids and Histologic Subtype on the Performance of US Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer among Black Women." Ethnicity & Disease 30, no. 4 (September 24, 2020): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.30.4.543.
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Objective: To assess the predicted performance of the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG)’s recommended endometrial thickness (ET) of ≥4mm via transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) for a simulated cohort of US Black women with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB).Methods: We used endometrial cancer parameters from ET studies upon which guidelines are based, as well as documented population characteristics of US Black women, to simulate a cohort of US Black women with PMB. Annual endometrial cancer (EC) prevalence overall and by histology type (I and II), history and current diagnosis of uterine fibroids, and visibility of endometria were estimated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess performance changes with quality of baseline parameters and impact of fibroids on ET visibility.Main Outcome Measures: Performance characteristics of 3+, 4+, and 5+mm ET thresholds were assessed including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves, and the area under the curve (AUC).Results: In the main model with the 4+mm recommended threshold, TVUS ET showed a sensitivity of 47.5% (95% CI: 46.0-49.0%); specificity of 64.9% (95% CI: 64.4-65.3%); PPV of 13.1% (95% CI: 12.5-13.6%); NPV of 91.7% (95% CI: 91.4-92.1%), and AUC of .57 (95% CI: .56-.57).Conclusions: Among a simulated cohort of US Black women, the recommended 4+mm ET threshold to trigger diagnostic biopsy for EC diagnosis performed poorly, with more than 50% of cases missed and an 8-fold higher frequency of false negative results than reported for the general population. Ethn Dis. 2021;30(4):543-552; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.543
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Coyle, Rachel, Ada Miltz, Janey Sewell, Andrew Phillips, Andrew Speakman, Daniel Ivens, Tariq Sadiq, et al. "O32 Ethnicity and sexual behaviours – the association between ethnicity and sexual risk behaviours reported by heterosexual men and women in a gum setting." Sexually Transmitted Infections 93, Suppl 1 (June 2017): A11.3—A12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053232.32.
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IntroductionIn the UK people of black ethnicity experience a disproportionate burden of HIV and STI. We aimed to assess the association of ethnicity with sexual risk behaviours (SRB) and sexual health among heterosexual men and women.MethodsAURAH is a cross-sectional questionnaire study of people without HIV, recruited in 20 GUM clinics in England 2013–14. We assessed the association of ethnicity with (i) condomless sex with non-regular partner(s) (CLS-NR); (ii) ≥2 new partners in the last year (2NPLY); and (iii) STI diagnosis in the past year (STI) using modified poisson regression adjusted for age, study region, education and relationship status.Results1075 heterosexual men (n=451) and women (n=624) completed questionnaires. Ethnicity was as follows: 513 (48.4%) black/mixed African (BA), 159 (15.0%) black/mixed Caribbean (BC), 288 (27.1%) white ethnicity (WE), 101 (9.5%) other ethnicity (OE).Abstract O32 Table 1AURAHAdjusted PR (95%CI)CLS–NR2NPLYSTI within last yearWomen: White BA BC OE10.65(0.49–0.85)0.78(0.55–1.10)0.66(0.39–1.13)10.36(0.27–0.48)0.39(0.25–0.61)0.60(0.37–0.99)10.92(0.61–1.38)1.47(0.95–2.28)1.23(0.68–2.23)Men: White BA BC OE11.05(0.83–1.32)1.02(0.73–1.44)0.69(0.43–1.09)10.77(0.62–0.96)0.85(0.62–1.16)1.29(1.03–1.61)11.14(0.75–1.73)1.76(1.10–2.82)0.59(0.24–1.43)Compared with WE women BA women were less likely to report CLS-NR, BA and BC women were less likely to report 2NPLY, and BC women were more likely to report STI. In men CLS-NR did not vary significantly by ethnicity. BA men were less likely to report 2NPLY and BC men were more likely to report STI compared with WE men.DiscussionThe prevalence of SRBs was lower in black ethnicity women, but history of STI was more prevalent among BC women. Similarly, higher STI history in BC men was not consistent with ethnic variation in SRB. Additional factors, e.g. sexual networks, may be important determinants of sexual health.
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Hamlin, Kimberly A. "Martha S. Jones, Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All." American Journal of Legal History 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajlh/njab018.
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Nolan, Timiya S., Songzhu Zhao, Amaris Williams, Guy Brock, Stephanie S. Ogonuwe, Faith Metlock, Alicia McKoy, et al. "Abstract A139: Examining the association of cardiovascular health attainment with cancer screening adherence in community-dwelling Black women." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 12_Supplement (December 1, 2023): A139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp23-a139.
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Abstract Purpose of the study Cancer and cardiovascular disease are leading causes of death in the United States and share modifiable risk factors. Increasing ideal cardiovascular health indicated by the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 metrics (LS7: blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, body mass index, physical activity, and smoking) and cancer screening adherence are both associated with reducing cancer-related mortality. However, there have been no studies to identify associations between LS7 and cancer screening adherence. It is well documented that people adopting positive health behaviors like physical activity and healthy eating have higher cancer screening adherence. Unfortunately, disparities by race exist in both engagement in health behaviors (key metrics of LS7) and cancer screening. Cancer screening disparities between Black and White women have narrowed over time; however, there are disparities in LS7 attainment by race. Here, we examined the association of LS7 attainment with screen detectable cancer (breast, cervical, and colorectal) adherence in Black women. Methods The Partnering in Negating Statistics (P.I.N.S.) for Black Women Initiative promotes health and wellness among Black women. Its community wellness events provide health education, screenings (e.g., breast, cervical, and cardiovascular health), and research participation opportunities. At P.I.N.S. events, LS7 metrics (score range 0-14) and self-reported cancer screening history were collected. The associations of LS7 with cancer screening adherence were examined using multinomial logistic regression adjusting for age, income, and education. Results In 2021 and 2022, 296 Black women participated in cardiovascular health screenings. They had a mean age of 50.1 years (SD 14.1); 66% employed; 88% insured; 69% with educational attainment ≥ college. The 166 participants with complete LS7 data had intermediate cardiovascular health with a median score of 8 [7-10]. In age adjusted models, a 1-unit increase in LS7 attainment was associated with a 45% higher odds of breast cancer screening adherence (OR 1.45, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.05; n=93), which was similar with full adjustment (OR 1.50, 95% CI: 0.95, 2.39; n=91). There was no association of LS7 attainment with cervical (OR 1.09, p=0.40; n=124) or colorectal cancer (OR 1.05, p=0.70; n=84) screening adherence. Conclusions In community-dwelling Black women, increasing LS7 attainment may increase odds of breast cancer screening adherence. Research with a larger sample is needed. Citation Format: Timiya S. Nolan, Songzhu Zhao, Amaris Williams, Guy Brock, Stephanie S. Ogonuwe, Faith Metlock, Alicia McKoy, Loletia Davis, Aldenise P. Ewing, Karen Patricia Williams, Electra D. Paskett, Joshua J. Joseph. Examining the association of cardiovascular health attainment with cancer screening adherence in community-dwelling Black women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A139.
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Kaur, Harveen, and Deepa Jatti Patil. "Florid Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia Masquerading as Osteomyelitis: An Exceptional Case Report in an Indian Female." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 07, no. 03 (November 26, 2019): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400342.
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AbstractFlorid cemento-osseous dysplasia consists of a group of fibro-osseous lesions with multiquadrant involvement, generally seen in the tooth-bearing portions of the mandible. These lesions are most common in middle-aged black women and rare in the Indian population, with only five cases been documented in the international literature in the Indian population. This manuscript presents a case of a 60-year-old female patient, who presented with a history of nonhealing extraction socket for 2 years and on examination demonstrated ulcerated alveolar mucosa with exposed necrotic bone. Panoramic and computed tomography images revealed multiple homogenous radio-opacities throughout the jaws. The lesion was diagnosed as florid cemento-osseous dysplasia on the basis of clinical and radiologic examination. The patient was prescribed antibiotics with iodoform dressings and proper oral hygiene maintenance.
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May, Vivian M. "Toward an Intellectual History of Black Women ed. by Mia Bay, Farah J. Griffin, Martha S. Jones, and Barbara D. Savage." Journal of Southern History 82, no. 3 (2016): 743–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/soh.2016.0211.
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Dukut, Ekawati Marhaenny. "SULA: A PORTRAYALOFBLACKAMERICA.N"WOMA.~ ASHEADOFTHEFANULY." Celt: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching & Literature 3, no. 2 (August 21, 2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/celt.v3i2.1087.
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In a world of patriarchy, the head of a family is usua/~v the
male. However, under certain circumstances, such as the depression
era of the 1930s that the Black American family had to face, the
mother is forced to become the head of the family. Through a brief
look at history, actual~v the function of Black American woman as
the key person of upholding the family ties and sustaining thefamity 's
livelihood has been carried out ever since the Blacks arrived in
America as slaves. 7'hrough one kind of cultural studies approach,
i. e. an American studies approach, the article discusses this event
through a close analysis of the female characters described in the
novel 'Sula '.
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ÇAKMAK, Özge. "THE PAST TIME OF RITUAL CELEBRATION OF WOMANHOOD: THE VEIL RITUAL IN SOCIAL MEMORY." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 05, no. 03 (May 1, 2023): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.23.2.
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Society meticulously control the establishment of the family institution. They operate these control mechanisms through social norms and rituals. In the cultures of societies that develop detailed norms and rituals in the formation of family, there are concerns that children should grow up under the supervision of parents. They also socially mark fatherhood rights through these rituals. To ease this anxiety within the scope of norms, society defines each stage of marriage, engagement, marriage, and divorce. Rites of passage also point to the beginning of life‟s stages and promise statuses to the individuals. Furthermore, they are dramatic guidebooks that reflect society‟s shared beliefs and values formed around gender, status, and age within their socio-cultural dimensions. In my research, the marriage transition ritual compiled during fieldwork conducted in Bartın and Karabük, located in the Black Sea Region of Turkey, focused on the ritual celebration of womanhood in the frame of social norms. The volunteer informants who participated in my research were chosen among the women who were the last actors of the veil ritual. In this context, my fieldwork's result also represents the social memory formed around the way. During the fieldwork, I recorded the oral history of the way abandoned in modern times. Since oral history focuses on the experiences of social actors, I aimed to present the reflection of the veil rituals in the social memory of women who are the last practitioners of the ritual.
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Williams, Britton. "Poetic Awakenings." Qualitative Studies 8, no. 1 (March 28, 2023): 58–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/qs.v8i1.136781.
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Phillis Wheatley, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Langston Hughes, Audre Lorde, Lucille Clifton… It was when I met you through your poetry, that I found out… words can lift off the page… and lift me. My heart. My history. My spirit. My consciousness… -Revelation! As an African-American woman, poetry is integral to how I see, understand, and make meaning of the world. My first teacher, my mother, taught me about the world and her/our history through poetry. By extension, my greatest teachers, the scholars to whom I often turn, are artists. Incorporating poetic reflexivity into my research engages a Black epistemology and challenges the rigid notion(s) of what (and who) constitutes academic/scholarly writing. In this essay, I argue that poetry – which I use expansively here - allows qualitative researchers to reveal, distill, and illuminate their thoughts and findings. In the Black MAP research project (www.thebmp.org) - designed as an online historic archive of black aesthetics as healing, resistance, and liberatory practice - poetry sits at the core and fills the soul of the work. My essay will draw from the archive, the assemblage, and the offerings of participants.
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Raveis, Victoria, and Simona Kwon. "Challenges and Perspectives on Breast Cancer Survivorship: The Journey Continues." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.317.
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Abstract Women have a 1-in-8 lifetime risk of breast cancer. Earlier diagnosis and treatment advances have improved 15- and 20-year survival rates. Increased survival can mean coping with the effects of cancer and its treatment over an extended period of time, while experiencing age-related changes in functioning and the emergence of other health issues. To explore breast cancer survivors’ perspectives on their issues and concerns across the life-course, focus groups were conducted with a culturally diverse sample (N=18) of survivors (72% white, 28% Black, 11% Hispanic). Participants were 44-82 years old. Most, 83% were 50 and older, 56% were 60 and older. The majority (83%) were diagnosed in their 40’s and 50’s. Two were diagnosed in their early 30’s and one at age 68. Participants reaffirmed the necessity, as a breast cancer survivor, of being a life-long health advocate on their own behalf, and the importance of being self-informed. As one woman commented: “Knowledge is power”. Survivors shared that their emergent health issues were complicated by their cancer history, and, that, as a cancer survivor, “I never stop worrying”. A widespread concern was not knowing if the health issues and co-morbidities they experienced (such as joint pain, neuropathy, tendinitis, heart disease), were age-related, a consequence of their cancer, or a late treatment effect. An overriding sentiment expressed was that clinicians have not recognized the importance of quality of life in cancer survival. As a survivor succinctly stated: “We are living longer, but we need to live long with quality of life.”
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Antoine, Clarel, and Bruce K. Young. "Cesarean section one hundred years 1920–2020: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 49, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2020-0305.
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AbstractIn present-day obstetrics, cesarean delivery occurs in one in three women in the United States, and in up to four of five women in some regions of the world. The history of cesarean section extends well over four centuries. Up until the end of the nineteenth century, the operation was avoided because of its high mortality rate. In 1926, the Munro Kerr low transverse uterine incision was introduced and became the standard method for the next 50 years. Since the 1970’s, newer surgical techniques gradually became the most commonly used method today because of intraoperative and postpartum benefits. Concurrently, despite attempts to encourage vaginal birth after previous cesareans, the cesarean delivery rate increased steadily from 5 to 30–32% over the last 10 years, with a parallel increase in costs as well as short- and long-term maternal, neonatal and childhood complications. Attempts to reduce the rate of cesarean deliveries have been largely unsuccessful because of the perceived safety of the operation, short-term postpartum benefits, the legal climate and maternal request in the absence of indications. In the United States, as the cesarean delivery rate has increased, maternal mortality and morbidity have also risen steadily over the last three decades, disproportionately impacting black women as compared to other races. Extensive data on the prenatal diagnosis and management of cesarean-related abnormal placentation have improved outcomes of affected women. Fewer data are available however for the improvement of outcomes of cesarean-related gynecological conditions. In this review, the authors address the challenges and opportunities to research, educate and change health effects associated with cesarean delivery for all women.
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Winterbottom, Micheal. "An Emendation in Calpurnius Flaccus." Classical Quarterly 49, no. 1 (May 1999): 338–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/49.1.338.
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The theme of the second declamation of Calpurnius Flaccus is ‘Matrona Aethiopem peperit. Arguitur adulterii’. In one of the excerpts (ed. L. Håkanson [Stuttgart, 1978], pp. 2, 6–10), the accuser is arguing that for a white woman with a white husband to produce a black child is certain proof of adultery, for individual races have fixed physical characteristics to distinguish them. I give the text as argued for by W. S. Watt (Eranos 94 [1996], 123).
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Whitaker, Kristen, Rohan Parikh, Elizabeth Esterberg, Bhakti Arondekar, Abigail Hitchens, Lillian Shahied Arruda, Alexander Niyazov, and Elias Obeid. "Abstract P2-09-08: Impact of race on clinical outcomes among patients with advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and Germline BRCA1/2 mutation(s) (gBRCA1/2mut): Results from a US real-world study." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): P2–09–08—P2–09–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p2-09-08.
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Abstract Background: Racial disparities among patients with breast cancer in the United States are well documented, with Black patients having a 40% higher mortality than White patients. Socioeconomic status, tumor biology differences, and treatment access are known contributing factors. Additionally, despite having a higher incidence of TNBC, Black patients are substantially less likely to receive gBRCA1/2mut testing than White patients. TNBC is an aggressive subtype, accounting for 15% of all breast cancers diagnosed in the United States. TNBC disproportionately affects BRCA mutation carriers and Black women. With the advent of poly ADP-ribose polymerases inhibitors (PARPi), gBRCA1/2mut are considered actionable biomarkers. Limited data are available on the impact of race on clinical outcomes among patients with gBRCA1/2-mutated advanced TNBC in the United States. Methods: US oncologists retrospectively reviewed patient charts (July 2019-June 2020) of a quasirandom selection of patients aged ≥18 years with gBRCA1/2-mutated advanced TNBC who received ≥1 cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT) regimen for advanced TNBC between Jan 2013-April 2018. Patients were categorized into 2 mutually exclusive cohorts of White and Black (based on self-identification). Descriptive analysis was performed for treatment patterns for the first 2 lines of therapy (LOT). Clinical outcomes (progression-free survival [PFS] by LOT and survival rates) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. A log-rank test was used to assess differences in PFS and survival rates between White and Black patients. Results: Among 182 patients with gBRCA1/2-mutated advanced TNBC, 99.5% were women and 76.4% were White. The median age was 57.2 years (range, 48.7-64.7 years), and 30.2% had no known family history of BRCA-related cancer. Treatments for White patients with advanced TNBC included first-line (n=139) nonplatinum-based CT (61.9%) and platinum-based CT (38.1%) and second-line (n=90) PARPi (40.0%), nonplatinum-based CT (43.3%), platinum-based CT (11.1%), and other (5.6%). Treatments for Black patients with advanced TNBC included first-line (n=43) nonplatinum-based CT (60.5%) and platinum-based CT (39.5%) and second-line (n=19) PARPi (47.4%), nonplatinum-based CT (31.6%), platinum-based CT (10.5%), and other (10.5%). Across treatment types, no significant difference in 2-year survival rates was observed between White and Black patients (73.8% vs 73.2%, P=0.89). Median PFS rates by LOT were not statistically different across White and Black patients (Table 1). Conclusion: In this real-world study, no significant differences in clinical outcomes were observed between White and Black patients with gBRCA1/2-mutated advanced TNBC. This observation may be because this sample reflects a select patient population with a known genetic test result of a gBRCA1/2mut who were treated by oncologists that understood the value of genetic testing, and provided appropriate treatment options. The findings suggest that when all patients are provided with equitable care (inclusive of genetic testing), racial disparities in breast cancer may be minimized. Further trials are needed to validate these findings. Funding: Pfizer Inc Table 1.PFS (Months) by LOT and Race Among Patients With gBRCA1/2-Mutated Advanced TNBCWhite PatientsBlack PatientsP ValueFirst-line, n 13642PFS, median (95% CI)10.7 (9.3−12.6)15.6 (9.7−NE)0.078Second-line, n 5310PFS, median (95% CI)7.2 (5.9−11.4)9.2 (2.8−NE)0.406NE=not estimatable. Citation Format: Kristen Whitaker, Rohan Parikh, Elizabeth Esterberg, Bhakti Arondekar, Abigail Hitchens, Lillian Shahied Arruda, Alexander Niyazov, Elias Obeid. Impact of race on clinical outcomes among patients with advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and Germline BRCA1/2 mutation(s) (gBRCA1/2mut): Results from a US real-world study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-09-08.
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McCray, Kenja. ""Talk Doesn't Cook the Soup"." Murmurations: Emergence, Equity and Education 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31946/meee.v1i1.28.
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The creator, Kenja McCray, is an Associate Professor of History at Atlanta Metropolitan State College (AMSC), where she teaches United States and African American history. AMSC is an institution within the University System of Georgia offering an affordable liberal arts education and committed to serving a diverse, urban student population. McCray has a B.A. from Spelman College, an M.A. from Clark Atlanta University, and a Ph.D. from Georgia State University. Her areas of interest are the 19th and 20th century U. S., African Americans, Africa and the diaspora, transnational histories, women, class and social history.
The creator of this essay believes education should be a life-altering process, not only in the intellectual or the economic sense, but also cognitively uplifting. She experienced personal change in college through interacting with professors. She strives to give students a similarly inspirational experience. The encounter should be empowering and should change the way they see themselves and their relationships to the world. The intent of this creative piece is to share the creator’s contemplations on a rites of passage program in which she participated during her college years. She asserts that, given current cultural trends signaling a renewed interest in African-centered ideals and black pride, many aspects of the program could interest current students looking for safe spaces in increasingly intolerant times. This essay will interest researchers, student leaders, student activities advisors, and other administrators seeking to create and develop inclusive campus programs.
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Collins, Patricia Hill. "Toward an Intellectual History of Black Women. Edited by Mia Bay, Farah Jasmine Griffin, Martha S. Jones, and Barbara D. Savage. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 42, no. 2 (January 2017): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/688269.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 76, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2002): 323–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002540.
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-Alan L. Karras, Lauren A. Benton, Law and colonial cultures: Legal regimes in world history, 1400-1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. xiii + 285 pp.-Sidney W. Mintz, Douglass Sullivan-González ,The South and the Caribbean. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2001. xii + 208 pp., Charles Reagan Wilson (eds)-John Collins, Peter Redfield, Space in the tropics: From convicts to rockets in French Guiana. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. xiii + 345 pp.-Vincent Brown, Keith Q. Warner, On location: Cinema and film in the Anglophone Caribbean. Oxford: Macmillan, 2000. xii + 194 pp.-Ann Marie Stock, Jacqueline Barnitz, Twentieth-century art of Latin America. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2001. 416 pp.-Ineke Phaf, J.J. Oversteegen, Herscheppingen: De wereld van José Maria Capricorne. Emmastad, Curacao: Uitgeverij ICS Nederland/Curacao, 1999. 168 pp.-Halbert Barton, Frances R. Aparicio, Listening to Salsa: Gender, latin popular music, and Puerto Rican cultures. Hanover NH: Wesleyan University Press, 1998. xxi + 290 pp.-Pedro Pérez Sarduy, John M. Kirk ,Culture and the Cuban revolution: Conversations in Havana. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001. xxvi + 188 pp., Leonardo Padura Fuentes (eds)-Luis Martínez-Fernández, Damián J. Fernández, Cuba and the politics of passion. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2000. 192 pp.-Eli Bartra, María de Los Reyes Castillo Bueno, Reyita: The life of a black Cuban woman in the twentieth century. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2000. 182 pp.-María del Carmen Baerga, Felix V. Matos Rodríguez, Women and urban change in San Juan, Puerto Rico, 1820-1868. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999. xii + 180 pp. [Reissued in 2001 as: Women in San Juan, 1820-1868. Princeton NJ: Markus Weiner Publishers.]-Kevin A. Yelvington, Winston James, Holding aloft the banner of Ethiopa: Caribbean radicalism in early twentieth-century America. New York: Verso, 1998. x + 406 pp.-Jerome Teelucksingh, O. Nigel Bolland, The politics of labour in the British Caribbean: The social origins of authoritarianism and democracy in the labour movement. Kingston: Ian Randle; Princeton NJ: Marcus Weiner, 2001. xxii + 720 pp.-Jay R. Mandle, Randolph B. Persaud, Counter-Hegemony and foreign policy: The dialectics of marginalized and global forces in Jamaica. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. xviii + 248 pp.-Patrick Bellegarde-Smith, Mary A. Renda, Taking Haiti: Military occupation and the culture of U.S. imperialism, 1915-1940. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. xvi + 414 pp.-James W. St. G. Walker, Maureen G. Elgersman, Unyielding spirits: Black women and slavery in early Canada and Jamaica. New York: Garland, 1999. xvii + 188 pp.-Madhavi Kale, David Hollett, Passage from India to El Dorado: Guyana and the great migration. Madison NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1999. 325 pp.-Karen S. Dhanda, Linda Peake ,Gender, ethnicity and place: Women and identities in Guyana. London: Routledge, 1999. xii + 228 pp., D. Alissa Trotz (eds)-Karen S. Dhanda, Moses Nagamootoo, Hendree's cure: Scenes from Madrasi life in a new world. Leeds, UK: Peepal Tree, 2000. 149 pp.-Stephen D. Glazier, Hemchand Gossai ,Religion, culture, and tradition in the Caribbean., Nathaniel Samuel Murrell (eds)-Michiel van Kempen, A. James Arnold, A history of literature in the Caribbean. Volume 2: English- and Dutch- speaking regions. (Vera M. Kuzinski & Ineke Phaf-Rheinberger, sub-eds.).Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2001. ix + 672 pp.-Frank Birbalsingh, Bruce King, Derek Walcott: A Caribbean life. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. ix + 714 pp.-Frank Birbalsingh, Paula Burnett, Derek Walcott: Politics and poetics. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001. xiii + 380 pp.-Jeanne Garane, Micheline Rice-Maximin, Karukéra: Présence littéraire de la Guadeloupe. New York: Peter Lang, 1998. x + 197 pp.-Jeanne Garane, Marie-Christine Rochmann, L'esclave fugitif dans la littérature antillaise: Sur la déclive du morne. Paris: Karthala, 2000. 408 pp.-Alasdair Pettinger, Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert ,Women at sea: Travel writing and the margins of Caribbean discourse. New York: Palgrave, 2001. x + 301 pp., Ivette Romero-Cesareo (eds)
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Milchakova, N. A. "PROMINENT WOMEN-ALGOLISTS OF THE SEVASTOPOL BIOLOGICAL STATION – INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY OF THE SOUTHERN SEAS: FATES AND WAYS IN SCIENCE." Journal of Oceanological Research 50, no. 1 (April 28, 2022): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2022.50(1).8.
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In 2021, the Sevastopol Biological Station – Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas (SBS–IBSS) celebrated its 150th anniversary. This paper presents well-known and unfamiliar biographical data and information about the scientific activities of prominent algologists – Sofia Mikhailovna Pereyaslavtseva, Nina Vasilievna Morozova-Vodyanitskaya and Alexandra Arkhipovna Kalugina-Gutnik, who worked for many years at SBS–IBSS. Their main achievements in the field of biology and ecology of macrophytes, the functioning of coastal ecosystems and the transformation of macrophytobenthos under various environmental conditions are shown. Some applied studies on the assessment of macrophyte stocks and the quality of the environment using indicators of macrophytobenthos and phytoplankton at different levels of their organization, on the cultivation of especially valuable species and the production of various compounds from them are characterized. The contribution of S. M. Pereyaslavtseva, N. V. Morozova-Vodyanitskaya and A. A. Kalugina-Gutnik in the development of algological and hydrobiological research in the Black Sea basin, other southern seas, their role in the creation of scientific schools of marine phytocenology and phytoplanktonology in SBS–IBSS, training of young researchers is shown. Brief data on the history of scientific expeditions and the participation of algologists in them are given. The work is illustrated with rare documents and photographs, many of which have not been published before.
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Madhavan, Anugraha, and Sharmila Narayana. "Violation of Land as Violation of Feminine Space: An Ecofeminist Reading of Mother Forest and Mayilamma." Tattva Journal of Philosophy 12, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12726/tjp.24.2.
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Berman, T. (1993). Towards an integrative ecofeminist praxis. Canadian Women Studies, 13(3), 15–17. cws.journals.yorku.ca/ index.php/ cws/ article/ viewFile/10402/949.
Béteille, A. (1986). The concept of tribe with special reference to India. European Journal of Sociology, 27(2), 296–318. https:// doi.org/ 10.1017/S000397560000463X
Bhaskaran. (2004). Mother forest: The unfinished story of C K Janu (N Ravi Shankar, Trans). Kali for Women.
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Rezazade, Faeze, Esmaeil Zohdi, and Sohila Faghfori. "Negro’s “Double Consciousness” in To Kill a Mockingbird." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 12 (December 1, 2016): 2292. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0612.08.
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Living among the Whites has caused many problems for the Blacks throughout the history. African Americans, who are African in their roots and American in their life, as opposite races, are segregated from the White’s societies due to their colored skin. They are considered as uncivilized and lowbrow people who do not have equal rights to the Whites. Thus, racial segregation acting like a veil, as Du Bois refers to, brings African Americans a dual identity which leads to their double consciousness. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, written in 1960, further to its depiction of racial prejudice and discrimination issues of American society in 1930’s, pictures the life of a minor character named Calpurnia as a black woman who lives with a white family and has the role of a mother for the white children. Therefore, living among the Whites and the Blacks at the same time leads her to a double consciousness, which is the result of segregation. Thus, using W. E. B. Du Bois’ concepts of “veil” and “double consciousness”, in this study it has been tried to investigate the inner as well as the outer truth of African Americans’ life and their merged identity under the impact of racism.
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Gold, Michael R., Pier D. Lambiase, Mikhael F. El-Chami, Reinoud E. Knops, Johan D. Aasbo, Maria Grazia Bongiorni, Andrea M. Russo, et al. "Primary Results From the Understanding Outcomes With the S-ICD in Primary Prevention Patients With Low Ejection Fraction (UNTOUCHED) Trial." Circulation 143, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.048728.
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Background: The subcutaneous (S) implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is safe and effective for sudden cardiac death prevention. However, patients in previous S-ICD studies had fewer comorbidities, had less left ventricular dysfunction, and received more inappropriate shocks (IAS) than in typical transvenous ICD trials. The UNTOUCHED trial (Understanding Outcomes With the S-ICD in Primary Prevention Patients With Low Ejection Fraction) was designed to evaluate the IAS rate in a more typical, contemporary ICD patient population implanted with the S-ICD using standardized programming and enhanced discrimination algorithms. Methods: Primary prevention patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% and no pacing indications were included. Generation 2 or 3 S-ICD devices were implanted and programmed with rate-based therapy delivery for rates ≥250 beats per minute and morphology discrimination for rates ≥200 and <250 beats per minute. Patients were followed for 18 months. The primary end point was the IAS-free rate compared with a 91.6% performance goal, derived from the results for the ICD-only patients in the MADIT-RIT study (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Reduce Inappropriate Therapy). Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to evaluate event-free rates for IAS, all-cause shock, and complications. Multivariable proportional hazard analysis was performed to determine predictors of end points. Results: S-ICD implant was attempted in 1116 patients, and 1111 patients were included in postimplant follow-up analysis. The cohort had a mean age of 55.8±12.4 years, 25.6% were women, 23.4% were Black, 53.5% had ischemic heart disease, 87.7% had symptomatic heart failure, and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 26.4±5.8%. Eighteen-month freedom from IAS was 95.9% (lower confidence limit, 94.8%). Predictors of reduced incidence of IAS were implanting the most recent generation of device, using the 3-incision technique, no history of atrial fibrillation, and ischemic cause. The 18-month all-cause shock-free rate was 90.6% (lower confidence limit, 89.0%), meeting the prespecified performance goal of 85.8%. Conversion success rate for appropriate, discrete episodes was 98.4%. Complication-free rate at 18 months was 92.7%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates high efficacy and safety with contemporary S-ICD devices and programming despite the relatively high incidence of comorbidities in comparison with earlier S-ICD trials. The inappropriate shock rate (3.1% at 1 year) is the lowest reported for the S-ICD and lower than many transvenous ICD studies using contemporary programming to reduce IAS. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02433379.
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Krsman, Anita, Marija Kupresanin, Branislava Baturan, Sanja Bulatovic, Djordje Petrovic, and Djordje Ilic. "Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a pregnant woman with coronavirus disease 2019 infection: A case report." Medical review 76, no. 1-2 (2023): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns2302052k.
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Introduction. Coronavirus infection may cause numerous complications in pregnant women, as well as an increased risk for the fetus. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and other coagulopathies can be caused by coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Case Report. A 22-year-old primigravida presented with a nineday history of dry cough, myalgia, nausea and fever. A nasopharyngeal swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was positive. The patient?s condition rapidly deteriorated, resulting in severe liver damage and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Fetal cardiotocography showed a silent curve with late decelerations, while the umbilical artery Doppler showed end-diastolic block, indicating a fetal distress. Emergency cesarean section was performed at 28+5 weeks of gestation. After the cesarean section, the patient was treated with blood derivatives, thromboprophylaxis and supportive therapy and recovered quickly. Unfortunately, the premature infant died three hours after birth. Conclusion. It is very important to simultaneously monitor the parameters of the mother?s coagulation system, as well as the condition of the fetus, because there is a possibility of developing coagulopathies, including disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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Rech, Nathalie. "Black Women's Domestic Labor at Angola (Louisiana State Penitentiary) during Jim Crow." International Labor and Working-Class History 101 (2022): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547922000102.
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On September 19, 1922, Beulah M., a thirty-year-old cook, saved a “small child from a vicious cow on Angola.” This event occurred only a few months after her admission to the Louisiana State Penitentiary (LSP), where she was serving a life sentence for alleged murder. The infant was one of the many of the white prison staff's children raised on the penitentiary plantation nestled in a large meander of the Mississippi river. This happy-ending drama featuring a Black woman prisoner and a free white child arose from the “cohabitation” of free white households within the incarcerated population. The incident, quite unexpected in a carceral setting, prompted the penitentiary general manager to place Beulah M. on the “eligibility list” for parole and to grant her “full single good time for meritorious service,” which meant the possibility of an earlier release by a few months. Beulah's action might also have motivated authorities to assign her to be “servant” in the Camp D Captain's house in July 1923, and later to be a nurse in the nine-bedroom “Big House,” occupied by one of the penitentiary staff of higher rank. The peculiar nature of her alleged crime, the beating to death of her seven-year-old Black step-daughter, was apparently not perceived as a deterrent to entrust her to care for white children. Her courageous action toward a white child at Angola might even have been a compelling argument for her early pardon and discharge, which she received only after nine years at Angola, although her plea for a pardon had been rejected at least once before. Beulah M.'s story is the story of a coerced African American domestic laborer in white homes, rewarded for her perceived subservience to the Jim Crow order. It exemplifies one aspect of Black women's experiences of hard labor for the state of Louisiana during the first half of the twentieth century.
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Hughes, Elisha, Ryan Bernhisel, Holly Pederson, Braden Probst, Timothy Simmons, Susanne Wagner, Thaddeus Judkins, et al. "Abstract P2-11-21: Integration of an ancestrally unbiased polygenic risk score with the Tyrer-Cuzick breast cancer risk model." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): P2–11–21—P2–11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p2-11-21.
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Abstract Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been shown to provide genomically informed breast cancer risk assessment in both carriers and non-carriers of predisposing genetic mutations. Risk stratification is further improved by combining a PRS with risk models incorporating traditional risk factors to generate a Combined Risk Score (CRS). We recently developed and validated a breast cancer PRS for women of diverse ancestries using ancestry-informative genetic markers. Here, we combine the diverse ancestry PRS with a clinical and family history-based model to develop an integrated genomically-informed and ancestrally unbiased risk assessment tool. Methods: The study sample included women in the U.S. without a personal history of breast cancer, referred for clinical genetic testing between June 2020 and March 2021, and who tested negative for pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes. A CRS, incorporating a validated PRS and the TC model, was generated using a previously described Fixed-Stratified method that accounts for association between PRS and clinical risk factors. Association between the PRS and each clinical risk factor included in the Tyrer-Cuzick (TC) breast cancer risk model (version 7) was tested using linear regression with PRS as the dependent variable and the TC factor as an independent variable with adjustment for age and ancestry. We examined the rate of reclassification resulting from incorporation of PRS into the CRS by classifying women as having high (>20%) remaining lifetime risk (RLR) versus low (≤20%) RLR according to both TC and CRS. Results: Among 68,803 women, 21,500 (31.2%) had one or more first degree relatives (FDR) with breast cancer. Approximately 10% of women reported only African ancestry and a similar percentage reported only Hispanic/Latina ethnicity (Table 1). Family history was significantly associated with PRS (p=1.0x10-76). After adjusting for multiple testing, no other factors showed significant association with PRS. Improved risk stratification of CRS over TC follows from two results: (1) We previously showed that PRS improved risk stratification above and beyond family history; (2) In the present study, PRS was not associated with any TC factor other than family history. Adding the PRS to the TC model significantly altered breast cancer risk estimates for women of all ancestries, with 17.3% of patients stratified differently by CRS versus TC alone. Differences in risk stratification (using the 20% threshold) for each self-reported ancestry are presented in Table 1. The CRS classified fewer patients (32.0%) as high RLR than the TC model alone (35.4%), with similar results for 5-year risk estimates. Conclusions: This is the first genomically-informed, integrated polygenic and traditional breast cancer risk model for US women referred for contemporary clinical genetic testing. This model advances the PRS component of a previously validated combined model. It effectively estimates 5-year and lifetime risk for breast cancer using a PRS with an objectively genetically determined ancestral composition, calibrated and validated for risk stratification in all ancestries. The model may reliably and responsibly inform risk reduction strategies such as enhanced surveillance and use of preventive medications. Table 1.Self-Reported Ancestry/EthnicityNumber (%) of patientsHigh TC High CRS High TC and Low CRSLow TC and High CRSAll68,803 (100%)24,332 (35.4%)22,041 (32.0%)7,080 . (10.3%)4,789 . (7.0%)Asian1,450. (2.1%)487 (33.6%)475 (32.8%)94 . (6.5%)82 . (5.7%)African7,909 (11.5%)2,540 (32.1%)2,473 (31.3%)435 . (5.5%)368 . (4.7%)Hispanic6,481 . (9.4%)1,614 (24.9%)1,345 (20.9%)606 . (9.4%)346 . (5.3%)Non-European*19,225 (27.9%)5,701 (29.7%)5,297 (27.6%)1,429 . (7.4%)1,025 . (5.3%)European**46,640 (67.8%)17,507 (37.5%)15,733 (33.7%)5,328 . (11.4%)3,554 . (7.6%)*Includes any combination of Black/African, Middle Eastern, Pacific Islander, Asian, Hispanic/Latino and/or Native American ancestry. **Includes White/Non-Hispanic and/or Ashkenazi Jewish. Citation Format: Elisha Hughes, Ryan Bernhisel, Holly Pederson, Braden Probst, Timothy Simmons, Susanne Wagner, Thaddeus Judkins, Eric Rosenthal, Benjamin Roa, Susan M. Domchek, Charis Eng, Judy Garber, Monique Gary, Ora K. Gordon, Jennifer Klemp, Semanti Mukherjee, Kenneth Offit, Funmi Olopade, Joseph Vijai, Jeffrey N. Weitzel, Pat Whitworth, Lamis Yehia, Allison Kurian, Mark Robson, Thomas P. Slavin, Alexander Gutin, Jerry S. Lanchbury. Integration of an ancestrally unbiased polygenic risk score with the Tyrer-Cuzick breast cancer risk model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-21.
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Gangaraju, Radhika, Andrew D. Sparks, Insu Koh, Diego A. Herrera, Mary Cushman, Smita Bhatia, and Neil A. Zakai. "Incident Cytopenia in a National Cohort Study: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 4065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-148541.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Cytopenia, defined as low counts in 2 or more blood cell lines is commonly associated with nutritional deficiencies, medications and chronic inflammation. In some individuals, cytopenia may reflect a pre-malignant condition or precursor of hematologic cancer. We recently demonstrated that cytopenia is associated with increased risk of mortality and was predictive of stroke risk in Black individuals (Blacks). In the current study, we sought to determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with incident cytopenia in a large biracial prospective study, REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS). METHODS: The REGARDS study recruited 30,239 Black and White individuals ≥45 years in the United States (US) between 2003 and 2007 (44% Black, ~50% females, 56% living in the southeast US). Socio-demographics and medical history were obtained by telephone interview and self-administered questionnaires, and laboratory studies (including complete blood count [CBC]) from an in-home visit at baseline and at a 10 year follow up visit. Cytopenia was defined as presence of 2 or more of the following: i) Hemoglobin in age-, sex-, and race-specific ≤5th percentile; ii) White cell count in race-specific ≤5th percentile; iii) Platelet count in ≤5th percentile, and iv) Macrocytosis (mean corpuscular volume [MCV] >98fL), due to known differences in CBC based on these demographic characteristics. We excluded participants without CBC at study enrollment and at the 2nd follow up visit, those who had cytopenia at baseline or died before the 10 year follow up visit, yielding an analytic sample of 8,081 participants. Baseline characteristics of those with or without incident cytopenia were tabulated and compared using Chi-Square tests or t-tests. Multivariable logistic regression using a purposeful selection algorithm was performed to identify factors independently associated with incident cytopenia. RESULTS: Incident cytopenia occurred in 213 of 8,081 (2.6%) participants, with the highest incidence in White men ≥65 years (4.6%) and the lowest incidence in Black women <65 years (1.0%). Baseline factors univariately associated with cytopenia are shown in Table 1. The purposeful selection algorithm yielded a multivariable model including the following factors associated with incident cytopenia: older age, male sex, White race, heavy alcohol intake, coronary heart disease, abnormal blood counts at baseline visit including lower white count, lower platelet count, lower hemoglobin and high MCV (all p<0.05) (Table 2). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for this model was 0.81. CONCLUSION: In this large biracial cohort, the incidence of cytopenia was 2.6% over 10 years. Adjusting for baseline blood counts, risk factors for cytopenia included older age, male sex, White race, heavy alcohol intake and coronary heart disease. Baseline blood counts were also important predictors. This study provides valuable insights into the pattern of abnormal blood counts and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with incident cytopenia. Research is ongoing to define the cause(s) of cytopenia including the role of clonal mutations in the peripheral blood of this population. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Gangaraju: Alexion: Consultancy; Sanofi Genzyme: Consultancy.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 76, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2002): 117–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002550.
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-James Sidbury, Peter Linebaugh ,The many-headed Hydra: Sailors, slaves, commoners, and the hidden history of the revolutionary Atlantic. Boston: Beacon Press, 2000. 433 pp., Marcus Rediker (eds)-Ray A. Kea, Herbert S. Klein, The Atlantic slave trade. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1999. xxi + 234 pp.-Johannes Postma, P.C. Emmer, De Nederlandse slavenhandel 1500-1850. Amsterdam: De Arbeiderspers, 2000. 259 pp.-Karen Racine, Mimi Sheller, Democracy after slavery: Black publics and peasant radicalism in Haiti and Jamaica. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001. xv + 224 pp.-Clarence V.H. Maxwell, Michael Craton ,Islanders in the stream: A history of the Bahamian people. Volume two: From the ending of slavery to the twenty-first century. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998. xv + 562 pp., Gail Saunders (eds)-César J. Ayala, Guillermo A. Baralt, Buena Vista: Life and work on a Puerto Rican hacienda, 1833-1904. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. xix + 183 pp.-Elizabeth Deloughrey, Thomas W. Krise, Caribbeana: An anthology of English literature of the West Indies 1657-1777. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. xii + 358 pp.-Vera M. Kutzinski, John Gilmore, The poetics of empire: A study of James Grainger's The Sugar Cane (1764). London: Athlone Press, 2000. x + 342 pp.-Sue N. Greene, Adele S. Newson ,Winds of change: The transforming voices of Caribbean women writers and scholars. New York: Peter Lang, 1998. viii + 237 pp., Linda Strong-Leek (eds)-Sue N. Greene, Mary Condé ,Caribbean women writers: Fiction in English. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. x + 233 pp., Thorunn Lonsdale (eds)-Cynthia James, Simone A. James Alexander, Mother imagery in the novels of Afro-Caribbean women. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001. x + 214 pp.-Efraín Barradas, John Dimitri Perivolaris, Puerto Rican cultural identity and the work of Luis Rafael Sánchez. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. 203 pp.-Peter Redfield, Daniel Miller ,The internet: An ethnographic approach. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 2000. ix + 217 pp., Don Slater (eds)-Deborah S. Rubin, Carla Freeman, High tech and high heels in the global economy: Women, work, and pink-collar identities in the Caribbean. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2000. xiii + 334 pp.-John D. Galuska, Norman C. Stolzoff, Wake the town and tell the people: Dancehall culture in Jamaica. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2000. xxviii + 298 pp.-Lise Waxer, Helen Myers, Music of Hindu Trinidad: Songs from the Indian Diaspora. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. xxxii + 510 pp.-Lise Waxer, Peter Manuel, East Indian music in the West Indies: Tan-singing, chutney, and the making of Indo-Caribbean culture. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000. xxv + 252 pp.-Reinaldo L. Román, María Teresa Vélez, Drumming for the Gods: The life and times of Felipe García Villamil, Santero, Palero, and Abakuá. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000. xx + 210 pp.-James Houk, Kenneth Anthony Lum, Praising his name in the dance: Spirit possession in the spiritual Baptist faith and Orisha work in Trinidad, West Indies. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers. xvi + 317 pp.-Raquel Romberg, Jean Muteba Rahier, Representations of Blackness and the performance of identities. Westport CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1999. xxvi + 264 pp.-Allison Blakely, Lulu Helder ,Sinterklaasje, kom maar binnen zonder knecht. Berchem, Belgium: EPO, 1998. 215 pp., Scotty Gravenberch (eds)-Karla Slocum, Nicholas Mirzoeff, Diaspora and visual culture: Representing Africans and Jews. London: Routledge, 2000. xiii + 263 pp.-Corey D.B. Walker, Paget Henry, Caliban's reason: Introducing Afro-Caribbean philosophy. New York: Routledge, 2000. xiii + 304 pp.-Corey D.B. Walker, Lewis R. Gordon, Existentia Africana: Understanding Africana existential thought. New York; Routledge, 2000. xiii +228 pp.-Alex Dupuy, Bob Shacochis, The immaculate invasion. New York: Viking, 1999. xix + 408 pp.-Alex Dupuy, John R. Ballard, Upholding democracy: The United States military campaign in Haiti, 1994-1997. Westport CT: Praeger, 1998. xviii + 263 pp.-Anthony Payne, Jerry Haar ,Canadian-Caribbean relations in transition: Trade, sustainable development and security. London: Macmillan, 1999. xxii + 255 pp., Anthony T. Bryan (eds)-Bonham C. Richardson, Sergio Díaz-Briquets ,Conquering nature: The environmental legacy of socialism in Cuba. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000. xiii + 328 pp., Jorge Pérez-López (eds)-Neil L. Whitehead, Gérard Collomb ,Na'na Kali'na: Une histoire des Kali'na en Guyane. Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe: Ibis Rouge Editions, 2000. 145 pp., Félix Tiouka (eds)-Neil L. Whitehead, Upper Mazaruni Amerinidan District Council, Amerinidan Peoples Association of Guyana, Forest Peoples Programme, Indigenous peoples, land rights and mining in the Upper Mazaruni. Nijmegan, Netherlands: Global Law Association, 2000. 132 pp.-Salikoko S. Mufwene, Ronald F. Kephart, 'Broken English': The Creole language of Carriacou. New York: Peter Lang, 2000. xvi + 203 pp.-Salikoko S. Mufwene, Velma Pollard, Dread talk: The language of Rastafari. Kingston: Canoe Press: Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. Revised edition, 2000. xv + 117 pp.
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Ihenacho, Ugonna, Ann S. Hamilton, Wendy J. Mack, Anna H. Wu, Jennifer B. Unger, Dorothy R. Pathak, Kelly A. Hirko, et al. "Abstract C129: Lifetime cumulative cigarette exposure and young-onset breast cancer risk by subtype in the Young Women’s Health History Study." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): C129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-c129.
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Abstract Few studies have described the association between lifetime smoking exposures and young-onset breast cancer (YOBC) risk by BC subtypes including the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) subtype. This study explored associations between lifetime cumulative cigarette smoking exposure from both secondhand smoke (SHS) and personal smoking exposures and YOBC risk, overall and by BC subtype. Data are from the Young Women’s Health History Study, a population-based, case-control study of BC in non-Hispanic Black and White women 20-49 years of age. Invasive BC cases were identified in the Los Angeles County and Metropolitan Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry areas, 2010-2015 (n=1,812). Controls were identified through area-based sampling and frequency matched to cases by study site, race and age (n=1,381). Lifetime cumulative cigarette exposure (LCCE) was categorized as no personal or SHS exposure, only SHS exposure in childhood, only SHS exposure in adulthood, SHS exposure in childhood & adulthood, and ever personally smoked (with or without SHS exposure). BC subtypes were defined as Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-type, and triple negative (TN) BC. We conducted multivariable adjusted sample-weighted logistic regression analysis to estimate the association between LCCE and YOBC risk among all participants and then among women who never personally smoked by duration of SHS exposure (<15 and ≥15 years). We also conducted adjusted polytomous logistic regression analyses and the Wald test to assess heterogeneity by BC subtype. Lifetime cumulative SHS exposure only was reported by 42% of participants, and an additional 37% reported personally smoking. In adjusted models, compared to no SHS, LCCE was not significantly associated with overall YOBC risk. Suggestive differences in YOBC risk by BC subtype were observed, however (P heterogeneity=0.04), with a suggestive increased odds of HER2-type BC with ever smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91, 2.86). Among participants who never smoked, duration of childhood SHS exposure was associated with differences in YOBC risk by subtype (P heterogeneity=0.01); childhood SHS exposure of ≥15 years compared to no childhood SHS was associated with a significantly decreased odds of HER2-type BC (aOR 0.31; 95% CI 0.12, 0.83) and a suggestive increased odds of TNBC (aOR 1.43; 95% CI 0.95, 2.16) while childhood SHS exposure of <15 years compared to no childhood SHS was associated with a suggestive decreased odds of Luminal A BC (aOR 0.74; 95% CI 0.54, 1.03); the latter two findings did not reach statistical significance. Our results suggest that LCCE is associated with differences in risk of YOBC by BC subtype where personal cigarette smoking may be associated with an increased risk for HER2 type YOBC while childhood SHS exposure for ≥15 years may be associated with a decreased risk of HER2 type YOBC and an increased risk of TN YOBC. These findings warrant further examination. Citation Format: Ugonna Ihenacho, Ann S. Hamilton, Wendy J. Mack, Anna H. Wu, Jennifer B. Unger, Dorothy R. Pathak, Kelly A. Hirko, Richard T. Houang, Michael F. Press, Kendra L. Schwartz, Lydia R. Marcus, Ellen M. Velie. Lifetime cumulative cigarette exposure and young-onset breast cancer risk by subtype in the Young Women’s Health History Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C129.
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Janick, Herbert, Stephen S. Gosch, Donn C. Neal, Donald J. Mabry, Arthur Q. Larson, Elizabeth J. Wilcoxson, Paul E. Fuller, et al. "Book Reviews." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 14, no. 2 (May 5, 1989): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.14.2.85-104.
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Anthony Esler. The Human Venture. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986. Volume I: The Great Enterprise, a World History to 1500. Pp. xii, 340. Volume II: The Globe Encompassed, A World History since 1500. Pp. xii, 399. Paper, $20.95 each. Review by Teddy J. Uldricks of the University of North Carolina at Asheville. H. Stuart Hughes and James Wilkinson. Contemporary Europe: A History. Englewood Clifffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1987. Sixth edition. Pp. xiii, 615. Cloth, $35.33. Review by Harry E. Wade of East Texas State University. Ellen K. Rothman. Hands and Hearts: A History of Courtship in America. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. xi, 370. Paper, $8.95. Review by Mary Jane Capozzoli of Warren County Community College. Bernard Lewis, ed. Islam: from the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Volume I: Politics and War. Pp.xxxvii, 226. Paper, $9.95. Volume II: Religion and Society. Pp. xxxix, 310. Paper, $10.95. Review by Calvin H. Allen, Jr. of The School of the Ozarks. Michael Stanford. The Nature of Historical Knowledge. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1986. Pp. vii, 196. Cloth, $45.00; paper, $14.95. Review by Michael J. Salevouris of Webster University. David Stricklin and Rebecca Sharpless, eds. The Past Meets The Present: Essays On Oral History. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1988. Pp. 151. Paper, $11.50. Review by Jacob L. Susskind of The Pennsylvania State University. Peter N. Stearns. World History: Patterns of Change and Continuity. New York: Harper and row, 1987. Pp. viii, 598. Paper, $27.00; Theodore H. Von Laue. The World Revolution of Westernization: The Twentieth Century in Global Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Pp. xx, 396. Cloth, $24.95. Review by Jayme A. Sokolow of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Marilyn J. Boxer and Jean R Quataert, eds. Connecting Spheres: Women in the Western World, 1500 to the Present. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Pp. xvii, 281. Cloth, $29.95; Paper, $10.95. Review by Samuel E. Dicks of Emporia State University. Dietrich Orlow. A History of Modern Germany: 1870 to Present. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987. Pp. xi, 371. Paper, $24.33. Review by Gordon R. Mork of Purdue University. Gail Braybon and Penny Summerfield. Out of the Cage: Women's Experiences in Two World Wars. Pandora: London and New York, 1987. Pp. xiii, 330. Paper, $14.95. Review by Paul E. Fuller of Transylvania University. Moshe Lewin. The Gorbachev Phenomenon: A Historical Interpretation. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988. Pp. xii, 176. Cloth, $16.95; David A. Dyker, ed. The Soviet Union Under Gorbachev: Prospects for Reform. London & New York: Croom Helm, 1987. Pp. 227. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Elizabeth J. Wilcoxson of Northern Essex Community College. Charles D. Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988. Pp. viii, 308. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Arthur Q. Larson of Westmar College. Stephen G. Rabe. Eisenhower and Latin America: The Foreign Policy of Anticommunism. Chapel Hill & London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1988. Pp. 237. Cloth $29.95; paper, $9.95. Review by Donald J. Mabry of Mississippi State University. Earl Black and Merle Black. Politics and Society in the South. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. ix, 363. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Donn C. Neal of the Society of American Archivists. The Lessons of the Vietnam War: A Modular Textbook. Pittsburgh: Center for Social Studies Education, 1988. Teacher edition (includes 64-page Teacher's Manual and twelve curricular units of 31-32 pages each), $39.95; student edition, $34.95; individual units, $3.00 each. Order from Center for Social Studies Education, 115 Mayfair Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15228. Review by Stephen S. Gosch of the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. Media Reviews Carol Kammen. On Doing Local History. Videotape (VIIS). 45 minutes. Presented at SUNY-Brockport's Institute of Local Studies First Annual Symposium, September 1987. $29.95 prepaid. (Order from: Dr. Ronald W. Herlan, Director, Institute of Local Studies, Room 180, Faculty Office Bldg., SUNY-Brockport. Brockport. NY 14420.) Review by Herbert Janick of Western Connecticut State University.
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Williams, R. Y. "Black Women and Black Power." OAH Magazine of History 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/22.3.22.
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Patel, Rushil Virendra, Alicia L. Patrick, Hang Zeng, James Thomas Symanowski, Chasse Margot Bailey-Dorton, Roshan Sudhir Prabhu, Antoinette R. Tan, and Arielle Lutterman Heeke. "Measuring risk factors and incidence of cardiotoxicity and integrative therapy utilization in South Asian women with breast cancer: A single institution experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2022): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.28_suppl.233.
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233 Background: Cancer survivors are at risk for cardiac dysfunction, and ASCO guidelines recommend identifying at-risk individuals prior to treatment. South Asian women (SAW) have an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on their ethnicity. Management of SAW with breast cancer could be improved by understanding their use of culturally-relevant integrative therapies (IT). This study measures CVD risk factors at baseline, CVD events following treatment, and IT utilization in SAW with breast cancer. Methods: Asian Indian (AI), Pakistani (P), or Nepalese (N) women (age ≥18 years) with histologically confirmed, newly diagnosed breast cancer who received cancer-directed therapy between February 2008 and June 2021 were identified. A cohort of non-SAW was matched based on age, year, and stage at diagnosis. Clinical and treatment characteristics, CVD risk factors, and event data were collected. Based on 2017 ASCO guidelines & 2021 American College of Cardiology updates, at-risk for cardiotoxicity was defined by the receipt of anthracycline or anti-HER2 therapy and ≥1 risk factor: age ≥60 years, ejection fraction ≤55%, history of myocardial infarction, moderate valvular disease, congestive heart failure, or ≥2 lifestyle risk factors during or after treatment (tobacco use, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity [race/ethnicity specific BMI: ≥30 White; ≥28.1 Black; ≥23.9 South Asian]). McNemars test for paired nominal observations was performed to assess differences between cohorts (p < 0.05). Univariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associations between CVD risk and IT use (p < 0.05). Results: Of 29,610 breast cancer patients with race/ethnicity data available, 33 (0.11%) were SAW (91% AI, 6% P, 3% N). Median age was 54 years and 42% had Stage 2 disease. Median follow-up was 50 months. SAW had a lower median BMI (24 vs 31 kg/m2; p = 0.004) and less tobacco (0% vs 12%) and alcohol use (13% vs 33%). At baseline, less SAW had ≥1 CVD risk factor (70% vs. 82%; p = 0.157). SAW had lower incidence of hypertension (42% vs 67%; p = 0.005) and higher incidence of diabetes (30% vs 6%; p = 0.011). Both cohorts were equally at-risk for cardiac dysfunction (18%), which was not associated with radiation therapy (p = 0.672) or post-menopausal status (p = 0.209). SAW had a higher number of subsequent CVD events (5 vs 1; p = 0.313). More SAW used IT (36% vs 24%; p = 0.206) and SAW exclusively used Ayurveda (12%) and yoga (9%). Being at-risk for cardiotoxicity was not associated with IT use (p = 0.801). Conclusions: While SAW had a higher incidence of CVD events following treatment, this did not reach significance. Risk may be driven by a higher incidence of diabetes. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to inform guidelines. Future interventions to modify risk should incorporate culturally-relevant IT, like Ayurveda and yoga.
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Hardman, Peggy. "Black Women in Texas History." Western Historical Quarterly 40, no. 3 (August 2009): 372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/40.3.372.
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Ming Wahl, Emma. "Black Women in Fanon's Black Skin, White Masks." Stance: an international undergraduate philosophy journal 14, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/s.14.1.41-51.
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In this paper, I focus on the representations of Black women in contrast to Black men found within Frantz Fanon’s philosophical work Black Skin, White Masks. I propose that while Fanon’s racial dialectical work is very significant, he often lacks acknowledgment of the multidimensionality of the Black woman’s lived experience specifically. Drawing on the theory of intersectionality, coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, I argue that Fanon does not recognize the different layers of oppression operating in Black women’s lives to the degree that he fails to include them within his framework of both liberation and resistance from racial oppression.
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Qian, David C., Conor E. Steuer, Sibo Tian, Jennifer W. Carlisle, Ticiana A. Leal, Madhusmita Behera, Jeffrey D. Bradley, Suresh S. Ramalingam, and Kristin A. Higgins. "Abstract PR008: Landscape of actionable mutations and outcomes in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer across age, sex, and race." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): PR008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-pr008.
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Abstract Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death due to frequent diagnosis at an advanced stage, especially among underserved populations. Given the marked heterogeneity in disease course for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), we sought to further explore its distribution of genomic alterations and outcomes across population subgroups. Methods: Clinicogenomics data were downloaded from the MSK-MET cohort study, one of the largest publicly accessible databases of metastatic cancer featuring 25775 patients in the February 2022 release. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was quantified as number of non-synonymous mutations per megabase (Mb) sequenced. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2-test. Analysis of overall survival (OS) was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Between 2013 and 2020, tumor and matched-normal samples from 4710 adult patients (58% female) with mNSCLC (86% adenocarcinoma) were obtained for genomic characterization. Median age at diagnosis was 67 years (IQR 59–73) and median OS was 38 months (95% CI 34–40 months). Smoking status and treatment history were unavailable. Patients self-identified as non-Hispanic white (76%), Asian (10%), Black (5%), Hispanic (4%), Native American (1%), or none of the above (1%). Compared to patients of other races, Hispanic patients were more likely to be diagnosed with mNSCLC prior to age 50 (17% vs. 7%, P<0.001); Asian patients had a higher frequency of EGFR mutations (56% vs. 22%, P<0.001), lower frequency of KRAS mutations (11% vs. 32%, P<0.001), and longer OS (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.98, P=0.026); Black patients had greater TMB (9% vs. 5% with ≥20 mutations per Mb, P=0.019). Every actionable mutation was more common in non-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) than SCC, except ROS1 fusions (4% vs. 7%, P<0.001). Across and within each race group, men were more likely to possess no actionable mutations compared to women (29% [range 22–67%] vs. 16% [range 5–20%], P<0.05). In multivariable analysis, male sex, diagnosis earlier than age 50 or later than age 70, non-adenocarcinoma histology, greater TMB, and absence of actionable mutations involving EGFR, ALK, MET, or RET were independently associated with worse OS (P<0.05). Conclusions: In this large clinicogenomic analysis of mNSCLC, men were more likely to have no actionable mutations and worse OS. Diagnosis prior to age 50 (most common among Hispanic patients) and greater TMB (most common among Black patients) also independently conferred worse OS. These findings highlight the wide heterogeneity of molecular features and outcomes in mNSCLC across age, sex, and race, underscoring the need to further individualize workup and management. Citation Format: David C. Qian, Conor E. Steuer, Sibo Tian, Jennifer W. Carlisle, Ticiana A. Leal, Madhusmita Behera, Jeffrey D. Bradley, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Kristin A. Higgins. Landscape of actionable mutations and outcomes in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer across age, sex, and race [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PR008.
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Greiner, Rachel. "Honeypot: Black Southern Women Who Love Women." Oral History Review 49, no. 1 (December 6, 2021): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00940798.2021.2002112.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 73, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1999): 111–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002582.
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-Michael D. Olien, Edmund T. Gordon, Disparate Diasporas: Identity and politics in an African-Nicaraguan community.Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998. xiv + 330 pp.-Donald Cosentino, Margarite Fernández Olmos ,Sacred possessions: Vodou, Santería, Obeah, and the Caribbean. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997. viii + 312 pp., Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert (eds)-John P. Homiak, Lorna McDaniel, The big drum ritual of Carriacou: Praisesongs in rememory of flight. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1998. xiv + 198 pp.-Julian Gerstin, Gerdès Fleurant, Dancing spirits: Rhythms and rituals of Haitian Vodun, the Rada Rite. Westport CT: Greenwood, 1996. xvi + 240 pp.-Rose-Marie Chierici, Alex Stepick, Pride against Prejudice: Haitians in the United States. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1998. x + 134 pp.-Rose-Marie Chierici, Flore Zéphir, Haitian immigrants in Black America: A sociological and sociolinguistic portrait. Westport CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1996. xvi + 180 pp.-Luis Martínez-Fernández, Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and temptation in Cuba. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. xxiv + 239 pp.-Jorge L. Giovannetti, My footsteps in Baraguá. Script and direction by Gloria Rolando. VHS, 53 minutes. Havana: Mundo Latino, 1996.-Gert Oostindie, Mona Rosendahl, Inside the revolution: Everyday life in socialist Cuba. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997. x + 194 pp.-Frank Argote-Freyre, Lisa Brock ,Between race and empire: African-Americans and Cubans before the Cuban revolution. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998. xii + 298 pp., Digna Castañeda Fuertes (eds)-José E. Cruz, Frances Negrón-Muntaner ,Puerto Rican Jam: Rethinking colonialism and nationalism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. x + 303 pp., Ramón Grosfoguel (eds)-Helen I. Safa, Félix V. Matos Rodríguez ,Puerto Rican Women's history: New perspectives. Armonk NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1998. x + 262 pp., Linda C. Delgado (eds)-Arlene Torres, Jean P. Peterman, Telling their stories: Puerto Rican Women and abortion. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1996. ix + 112 pp.-Trevor W. Purcell, Philip Sherlock ,The story of the Jamaican People. Kingston: Ian Randle; Princeton: Markus Wiener, 1998. xii + 434 pp., Hazel Bennett (eds)-Howard Fergus, Donald Harman Akenson, If the Irish ran the world: Montserrat, 1630-1730. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1997. xii + 273 pp.-John S. Brierley, Lawrence S. Grossman, The political ecology of bananas: Contract farming, peasants, and agrarian change in the Eastern Caribbean. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. xx + 268 pp.-Mindie Lazarus-Black, Jeannine M. Purdy, Common law and colonised peoples: Studies in Trinidad and Western Australia. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Dartmouth, 1997. xii + 309.-Stephen Slemon, Barbara Lalla, Defining Jamaican fiction: Marronage and the discourse of survival. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1996. xi + 224 pp.-Stephen Slemon, Renu Juneja, Caribbean transactions: West Indian culture in literature.-Sue N. Greene, Richard F. Patteson, Caribbean Passages: A critical perspective on new fiction from the West Indies. Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998. ix + 187 pp.-Harold Munneke, Ivelaw L. Griffith ,Democracy and human rights in the Caribbean. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1997. vii + 278 pp., Betty N. Sedoc-Dahlberg (eds)-Francisco E. Thoumi, Ivelaw Lloyd Griffith, Drugs and security in the Caribbean: Sovereignty under seige. University Park: Penn State University Press, 1997. xx + 295 pp.-Michiel Baud, Eric Paul Roorda, The dictator next door: The good neighbor policy and the Trujillo regime in the Dominican republic, 1930-1945. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1998. xii + 337 pp.-Peter Mason, Wim Klooster, The Dutch in the Americas 1600-1800. Providence RI: The John Carter Brown Library, 1997. xviii + 101 pp.-David R. Watters, Aad H. Versteeg ,The archaeology of Aruba: The Tanki Flip site. Oranjestad; Archaeological Museum Aruba, 1997. 518 pp., Stéphen Rostain (eds)
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Kolenko, Yu G., I. VolovykA Volovyk, and K. O. Myalkivsky. "The influence of periodont tissue diseases on the quality of life of patients." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 106, no. 2 (2021): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2021-2-36.
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Relevance. One of the most pressing problems in dentistry today is periodontal disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tooth loss from gum disease develops 5 times more often than in caries complications and is the second most common. Periodontal diseases are diagnosed in 85–95 % of the adult population of our country over the age of 35. Goal. Based on clinical data and quality of life of patients to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of Tantum Verde® in comparison with the traditional scheme. Materials and methods. Examination and comprehensive treatment of 86 young people aged 20 to 45 years (42 men and 44 women), of which 66 were patients with generalized periodontitis initial–I degree, chronic course, and 20 patients with intact periodontium. The 1st (20 patients) group included persons who get traditional periodontal treatment, the 2nd comparison group (46 patients) consisted of participants who additionally received Tantum Verde®. Objective examination of the condition of periodontal tissues was performed using indices: hygienic OHI-S, periodontal PI, papillary-marginal-alveolar PMA. Assessment of the quality of life of patients with generalized periodontitis initial–I degree, chronic course was performed using the questionnaire SF-36, adapted for patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases. Results. As a result of the treatment, positive results were achieved in both groups. Clinically, there was a thickening of the gums, no redness and swelling of the interdental papillae. A significant decrease in periodontal indices was observed in patients of both the 1st and 2nd groups. In a comparative aspect, it was noted that the reduction in OHI-S and PI was effective in all study participants, PMA – more pronounced in those who used Tantum Verde®. Patients of the second group noted an improvement in the clinical condition of periodontal tissues by 89.7 %; physical condition by 86 %; psycho-emotional state by 84.1 %; social function – by 64.7 %; from the block of questions about the peculiarities of the treatment of many patients worried about the fear of future treatment, uncertainty about the effectiveness of therapy and the use of interdental hygiene, indicators in this group decreased by 78.9 %. Conclusion. The assessment of the quality of life of patients showed that the use of Tantum Verde® gives a significant improvement in quality of life, which is manifested in a reduction in the number of exacerbations and increase the duration of remission. Key words: generalized periodontitis, periodontal tissues, quality of life, Tantum Verde®.
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Mitchell, M. "When Women Get Together: Black Women, Working Women, and History." Radical History Review 1999, no. 73 (January 1, 1999): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1999-73-172.
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Goldstone, Dwonna Naomi. "Black Women and the Black Freedom Struggle." Journal of Women's History 35, no. 4 (December 2023): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2023.a913386.
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Frymus, Agata. "Researching Black women and film history." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 20 (January 27, 2021): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.20.18.
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My project (Horizon 2020, 2018–20) traces Black female moviegoing in Harlem during the silent film era. The main challenge in uncovering the women’s stories is that historical paradigm has always prioritised the voices of the white, middle-class elite. In the field of Black film history, criticism expressed by male journalists—such as Lester A. Walton of New York Age—has understandably received the most attention (Everett; Field, Uplift). Black, working-class women are notoriously missing from the archive. How do we navigate historical records, with their own limits and absences? This paper argues for a broader engagement with historic artefacts—memoirs, correspondence and recollections—as necessary to re-centre film historiography towards the marginalised. It points to the ways in which we can learn from the scholars and methods of African American history to “fill in the gaps” in the study of historical spectatorship.
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Hill, Ruth Edmonds. "The Black Women Oral History Project." Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian 4, no. 4 (March 3, 1986): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j103v04n04_02.
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Junior, Nyasha. "Centering Black Women in Intellectual History." Women in Higher Education 29, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/whe.20897.
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Masese, Rita V., Dominique Bulgin, Liliana Preiss, Mitchell Knisely, Eleanor Stevenson, Jane S. Hankins, Marsha Treadwell, et al. "Predictors of Maternal Morbidity Among Participants Enrolled in the Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium Registry." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-140743.
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Introduction Pregnancy in sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with an exacerbation of SCD-related complications and an increased risk of maternal complications. The increased risk is partly due to physiologic adaptations in pregnancy, which include increased metabolic demands and a hypercoagulable state. The maternal death rate for SCD is 629 per 100,000 deliveries, compared to 12 per 100,000 deliveries in black women and 6 per 100,000 deliveries in the general population (Raider et al., 2016). Studies on maternal and perinatal outcomes of patients with SCD present inconsistent and conflicting results. Some studies have reported an increase in maternal complications such as pre-eclampsia, acute chest syndrome and thromboembolic events, while other studies have reported no significant risk in adverse maternal outcomes. The inconsistent findings reported in prior studies may be attributed to small sample sizes and single-centered sites. Our study aims to determine the prevalence and predictors of maternal morbidity among participants enrolled in the SCD Implementation Consortium (SCDIC) registry, which is the largest, most geographically diverse SCD participant sample in the United States. Methods This cross-sectional study included women enrolled in the SCDIC registry who had at least one pregnancy event. The SCDIC is composed of eight academic SCD centers across the United States and one data-coordinating center. Participants were enrolled in the SCDIC registry if they were 18 to 45 years of age and had a confirmed diagnosis of SCD. Enrolled participants completed a series of surveys that collected sociodemographic information, SCD and pregnancy history and data abstractions of participants' medical records was completed. Medical complications queried during pregnancy included: vaso-occlusive episodes, acute chest syndrome, blood transfusion requirement, preeclampsia, maternal diabetes and deep venous thrombosis. Descriptive analysis of sociodemographic, clinical and maternal characteristics was conducted. Bivariate analysis was performed using Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, and logistic regressions, as appropriate. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analysis. Results The study sample included 743 women who had at least one pregnancy event, and a total of 1066 live births. Almost all women (96.3%) were African American, with a median age of 21 years (inter-quartile range of 19 to 23 years) at first birth. The majority had Hb SS SCD genotype (69.5%; 513 of the 738 with SCD genotype data). Of all reported pregnancies, participants did not use hydroxyurea during conception (78%), and pregnancy (84.5%). Only 2.7 % of the women reported using fertility drugs or assisted reproductive procedures. Seventy five percent of the pregnancies that ended in live births had maternal complications. The leading complications were vaso-occlusive episodes (61.2%), pregnancy requiring blood transfusion(s) (33.2%), preeclampsia (15.4%), deep venous thrombosis (5.6%) and acute chest syndrome (7.7%). When the pregnancies were stratified by SCD genotype, women with Hb SS had a higher occurrence of acute chest syndrome (63.4% vs. 26.7%), transfusion requirement (70.8% vs. 21%) and preeclampsia (66.7% vs 22.4%). In the univariate logistic regressions, multiparous women, with a history of adverse maternal outcomes in a previous pregnancy, had higher odds of vaso-occlusive episodes (OR: 3.42; 95% CI: 2.42-4.94) acute chest syndrome (OR:4.99; 95% CI:2.56- 9.48), transfusion requirement (OR:3.86; 95% CI:2.64- 5.69), and pre-eclampsia (OR:3.36; 95% CI:2.05-5.45). Conclusion In this large multicenter registry, we found pregnant women with SCD have significant maternal complications. Early antenatal care by healthcare providers knowledgeable about risk factors for adverse maternal outcomes in SCD is essential improve maternal and fetal outcomes and reduce the maternal death rate for SCD. Disclosures Hankins: Novartis: Research Funding; Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; MJH Life Sciences: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties; UptoDate: Consultancy; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Honoraria, Research Funding; LINKS Incorporate Foundation: Research Funding; American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology: Honoraria. Treadwell:Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy; UpToDate: Honoraria. King:Amphivena Therapeutics: Research Funding; Bioline: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Cell Works: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy; Magenta Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novimmune: Research Funding; RiverVest: Consultancy; Tioma Therapuetics: Consultancy; WUGEN: Current equity holder in private company. Gordeuk:CSL Behring: Consultancy, Research Funding; Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Imara: Research Funding; Ironwood: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy. Kanter:SCDAA Medical and Research Advisory Board: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AGIOS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BEAM: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy; GLG: Honoraria; Jeffries: Honoraria; Cowen: Honoraria; Wells Fargo: Honoraria; NHLBI Sickle Cell Advisory Board: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Medscape: Honoraria; Guidepoint Global: Honoraria; bluebird bio, inc: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy. Glassberg:Pfizer: Research Funding; Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy; Eli Lilly and Company: Research Funding. Shah:Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Alexion: Speakers Bureau; CSL Behring: Consultancy; Bluebird Bio: Consultancy; Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.
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Skinner Taylor, C. M., G. A. López-Uriarte, L. Pérez Barbosa, E. Barriga-Maldonado, I. Perez-Onofre, A. Elizondo-Plazas, and D. Á. Galarza-Delgado. "AB0002 CONGENITAL DEFECTS IN A COHORT OF PREGNANT WOMEN FROM A CLINIC OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES AND PREGNANCY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1305.2–1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4537.
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Background:Some studies have suggested an increased risk of adverse health outcomes for the child of patients with Rheumatic Diseases (RD), including neurodevelopmental disorders, congenital heart defects, hematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. It is well known that 2 to 3% of live births have a congenital defect. About 7 % of all newborn deaths are due to birth defects.Objectives:Describe Genetical Evaluation in a cohort of pregnant patients with RDMethods:We included 22 women from February to December 2019 from a Clinic of Pregnancy and Rheumatic Diseases in Hospital Universitario in Monterrey, Mexico. All spontaneous pregnancies (21 singletons, 1 double twin), with adequate prenatal control. Ten Rheumatoid Arthritis, Antiphospholipid Syndrome in 4 cases; 5 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 2 Sjögren’s Syndrome and a case of Dermatomyositis. In the perinatal genetics approach, medical and familial history was obtained, and pedigree was developed; ultrasound information of 12 and 22 weeks of gestation was integrated, risks for aneuploidies were adjusted according to maternal age. At birth, the dysmorphological description was made, somatometry is performed, and the newborn screening were evaluated (metabolic, hearing, cardiac). Thus, giving genetic counseling for each case.Results:Two patients were excluded, so 20 women with follow-up, 12 (60%) were born without complications or birth defects; in 3(15%) there were adverse events (a spontaneous abortion at 12 weeks-of-gestation [wg]; a fetal death in the case of twin pregnancy, at 34.1 wg, with facial asymmetry, intrauterine growth restriction; and a premature delivery, at 36.5 wg; no defects; there were 5(25%) congenital defects: a preauricular appendix, with normal renal ultrasound. A congenital heart disease (transposition of large vessels, tricuspid stenosis). A case of macrosomia (diabetic fetopathy); a heart block with perinatal pacemaker placement (mom with lupus). And in the latter case, Krabbe disease, even without confirming it. Table 1.Table 1.Maternal diagnosisEffects on fetus/neonateN (%)Congenital Defects5 (25%)Antiphospholipid syndromeCongenital Heart DiseaseLupus erythematosus systemicHeart Block with Perinatal Pacemaker PlacementRheumatoid arthritisKrabbe DiseaseRheumatoid arthritisPreauricular appendixSjögren DiseaseDiabetic FetopathyAdverse events3 (15%)Rheumatoid arthritisSpontaneous AbortionAntiphospholipid syndromeFetal deathRheumatoid arthritisPremature deliveryConclusion:One out of every 4 pregnancies of women with rheumatic diseases presented a congenital defect, of which, the heart diseases (CHD) have been described as of greater presentation in these groups.It is very important that women with rheumatic diseases are well attached to a comprehensive clinic in which, in addition to receiving proper attention of their rheumatic disease, they have adequate preconception and prenatal control of their pregnancies, since there is a greater risk of congenital alterations and of perinatal adverse events, as shown by this cohort. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the potential disease-related factors that might lead to the increased risk of adverse health outcomes in offspring, as well as to improve the monitoring and control of their rheumatic diseases.References:[1]Soh, MC; Nelson-Piercy, C. (2015). Highrisk Pregnancy and the Rheumatologist.Rheumatology, 54(4):572587.[2]Sanchez-Manubens, J.et al.(2013). Recién nacidos de madre con enfermedad autoinmunitaria. Experiencia en un hospital comarcal.Reumatol Clin. 9(3):161–165. 2012.08.002.[3]Vinet, E., Bernatsky, S. (2017). Outcomes in Children Born to Women with Rheumatic Diseases. Rheum Dis Clin N Am.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Da Silva, Ana Lúcia, and Angelo Priori. "Political History, Black Movement and Black Feminism." Sul-Sul - Revista de Ciências Humanas e Sociais 3, no. 01 (May 31, 2022): 65–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53282/sulsul.v3i01.922.
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Based on the theoretical contribution of the New Political History, envisioning the epistemologies of the South, that is, the political and social struggles of groups and/or social movements, such as the Black Movement and Black Feminism in Brazil, this paper aims to give visibility to black women in Brazilian politics through the life trajectory and legacy of Marielle Franco, analyzing the seeds that blossomed in the 2020 Municipal Elections. According to the Atlas of Violence (2019), organized by the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA) and the Brazilian Public Security Forum (FBSP), in the global context, Brazil is one of the four countries that concentrate 80 % of the murders of activists of Human rights. Considering the murder of councilwoman Marielle Franco and the driver Anderson Pedro Gomes, on March 14, 2018, structural and everyday racism, patriarchy, male chauvinism, among other practices of oppression of modernity/coloniality in contemporary times and the results of the 2020 Municipal Elections, in this text the objects of analysis are: the Marielle Franco Agenda (2020) of the Marielle Franco Institute, and the results of the Municipal Elections (2020), giving visibility to black people, specifically black women, as in Curitiba, capital of Paraná, southern Brazil.