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Academic literature on the topic 'Black sea water'

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Published: 30 May 2022
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Journal articles on the topic "Black sea water"

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Algan, O., and B. Gönençgil. "Sediment and water influxes into the Black Sea by Anatolian rivers." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 43, no. 1 (March 18, 1999): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/43/1999/61.

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2

KEMPE, S., G. LIEBEZETT, A. R. DIERCKS, and V. ASPER. "Water balance in the Black Sea." Nature 346, no. 6283 (August 1990): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/346419a0.

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Krivoguz, D., A. Semenova, and S. Mal’ko. "Spatial analysis of seasonal patterns in sea surface temperature and salinity distribution in the Black Sea (1992-2017)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/3/032013.

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Abstract Sea water temperature and water salinity one of the most important environmental factors of the marine ecosystems. Both of them plays an important role in forming suitable environment for marine living organisms and have a great impact on species biodiversity. Our goal for this paper was to identify spatial patterns of interannual variations in the salinity and temperature fluctuations to understand possibilities of future change of the Black Sea ecosystem and its impact on fisheries. We used temperature and salinity data from CMEMS for the 1992-2017 time period. All downloaded data was processed by QGIS 3.14 and R 4.0.3. We found that the temperature regime of the Black Sea in different periods of the year is determined by three main factors - the depth of the shelf zone, the influence of river runoff, and water circulation due to currents. The average salinity of the Black Sea waters is 19 ‰, areas with lower salinity are located near the west shore, due to the flows from the largest rivers (Dnieper, Dniester, Danube) bringing a large amount of fresh water to the Black Sea. The area with higher salinity is located in the south- west due to the water exchange of the Black Sea with the saltier Sea of Marmara (∼ 26 ‰) through the Bosphorus. The currents of the Black Sea pick up the salty water of the Sea of Marmara and slowly moving the water column against the clockwise, carry it across the entire Black Sea, thereby increasing its average salinity.
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Morse, John W. "Black sea oceanography." Marine Chemistry 42, no. 3-4 (June 1993): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90018-j.

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TUGRUL, S., T. BESIKTEPE, and I. SALIHOGLU. "Nutrient exchange fluxes between the Aegean and Black Seas through the Marmara Sea." Mediterranean Marine Science 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2002): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.256.

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Long-term data obtained in the Turkish Strait System (TSS) including the Sea of Marmara, the Dardanelles and Bosphorus straits, during 1990-2000, have permitted us to calculate seasonal and annual fluxes of water and nutrients (nitrate, phosphate) exchanged between the Aegean and Black Seas through the TSS. Two-layer flow regimes in the TSS introduce the brackish waters of the Black Sea into the Aegean basin of the northeastern Mediterranean throughout the year. A counter flow in the TSS carries the salty Mediterranean water into the Black Sea via the Marmara deep basin. The annual volume influx from the Black Sea to the Marmara upper layer is nearly two-fold the salty water exported from the Marmara to the Black Sea via the Bosphorus underflow. The brackish Black Sea inflow is relatively rich in nitrate and phosphate in winter, decreasing to the lowest levels in late summer and autumn. Biologically labile nutrients of Black Sea origin are utilized in photosynthetic processes in the Marmara Sea and are partly exported to the Marmara lower layer. Eventually, the brackish Black Sea waters reach the Dardanelles Strait, with modified bio-chemical properties. On the other hand, the salty Mediterranean waters with low concentrations of nutrients enter the Marmara deep basin. During threir 6-7 year sojourn in the Marmara basin, the salty waters become enriched in nitrate (DIN) and phosphate (DIP), due to oxidation of planktonic particles sinking from the Marmara surface layer. The annual nutrient inputs from the Black Sea to the Marmara basin were estimated as 8.17x108 moles of DIN and 4.25x107 moles of DIP, which are much less than the importation from the Marmara lower layer via the Bosphorus undercurrent. The salty Aegean water introduces nearly 6.13x108 moles of DIN and 2.79x107 moles of DIP into the Marmara lower layer. The estimated DIP outflux from the Aegean Sea is nearly 2 times less than the importation from the Marmara Sea via the Dardanelles Strait.
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Zavialov, Ivan, Alexander Osadchiev, Roman Sedakov, Bernard Barnier, Jean-Marc Molines, and Vladimir Belokopytov. "Water exchange between the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait." Ocean Science 16, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-16-15-2020.

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Abstract. The Sea of Azov is a small, shallow, and freshened sea that receives a large freshwater discharge. Under certain external forcing conditions low-salinity waters from the Sea of Azov flow into the north-eastern part of the Black Sea through the narrow Kerch Strait and form a surface-advected buoyant plume. Water flow in the Kerch Strait also regularly occurs in the opposite direction, which results in the spreading of a bottom-advected plume of saline and dense waters from the Black Sea into the Sea of Azov. In this study we focus on the physical mechanisms that govern water exchange through the Kerch Strait and analyse the dependence of its direction and intensity on external forcing conditions. Analysis of satellite imagery, wind data, and numerical modelling shows that water exchange in the Kerch Strait is governed by a wind-induced barotropic pressure gradient. Water flow through the shallow and narrow Kerch Strait is a one-way process for the majority of the time. Outflow from the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea is induced by moderate and strong north-easterly winds, while flow into the Sea of Azov from the Black Sea occurs during wind relaxation periods. The direction and intensity of water exchange have wind-governed synoptic and seasonal variability, and they do not depend on the rate of river discharge to the Sea of Azov on an intra-annual timescale. The analysed data reveal dependencies between wind forcing conditions and spatial characteristics of the buoyant plume formed by the outflow from the Sea of Azov.
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Krivoguz, Denis, Sergei Mal’ko, and Anna Semenova. "Spatial analysis of salinity distribution patterns in upper layers of the Black Sea." E3S Web of Conferences 203 (2020): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020303010.

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Salinity is one of the most important factors that primarily determines the level of seawater’s density and, consequently, the movement of water masses in the World Ocean. Spatial distribution of the salinity in different layers of the Black Sea are associated with varying levels of water balance seasonal variability and, general circulation of Black Seas waters and in the surface layer has a seasonal structure. To study spatial distribution of salinity in upper layers of the Black Sea we’ve used data from Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service, that were processed and aggregate by seasons and depth. We found that the most fluctuated layer is a top layer (up to 2.8 m) and the highest values Black Sea salinity reaches near the Bosporus Strait, where more saline water from the Sea of Marmara connected with fresher water of the Black Sea. Also we found that the impact of the river flows, mixing of the water, water regime of the sea decreasing with depth, so in the bottom of the upper layer the spatial fluctuation of the salinity is minimal and reaches about ±3‰, while in the depth of 2.8 m its reaches ±12-15‰.The lowest level of salinity through all of the upper layer (0-50 m) lays around the seashore and north-western part of the sea.
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Midilli, A., M. Ay, A. Kale, and T. N. Veziroglu. "A PARAMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF HYDROGEN ENERGY POTENTIAL BASED ON H2S IN BLACK SEA DEEP WATERS." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 13-15 (August 11, 2018): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.13-15.113-121.

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In this study, a parametric investigation is carried out to estimate the hydrogen energy potential depending on the quantities of H2S in Black Sea deep waters. The required data for H2S in Black Sea deep waters are taken from the literature. For this investigation, the H2S concentration and water layer depth are taken into account, and 100% of conversion efficiency is assumed. Consequently, it is estimated that total hydrogen energy potential is approximately 270 million tons produced from 4.587 billion tons of H2S in Black Sea deep waters. Using this amount of hydrogen, it will be possible to produce 38.3 million TJ of thermal energy or 8.97 million GWh of electricity energy. Moreover, it is determined that total hydrogen potential in Black Sea deep waters is almost equal to 808 million tons of gasoline or 766 million tons of NG (natural gas) or 841 million tons of fuel oil or 851 million tons of natural petroleum. These values show that the hydrogen potential from hydrogen sulphur in Black Sea deep water will play an important role to supply energy demands of the regional countries. Thus, it can be said that hydrogen energy reserve in Black Sea is an important candidate for the future hydrogen energy systems.
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Isaia, Ion. "Black Sea Baric Depression." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2015-0014.

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Abstract This work is meant to demonstrate that, in the special synoptic conditions, on the surface of the Black Sea, a baric depression is being formed. This depression is formed when the Black Sea's water temperature is higher than the surrounding continental ground's temperature. There are situations when the baric depression of the Black Sea occurs because of the consequences of the movement of another baric depression from the east of the Mediterranean Sea to its north-east side. Due to the high atmospheric pressure of the continental zone that's surrounding the Black Sea, the baric depression will get a retrograde movement, towards the north or northwest. Eventually, this depression occludes in the eastern continental zone of Europe or even near the Baltic Sea. During a retrograde movement of a baric depression, the atmospheric precipitations will fall in big quantities, in many situations, causing floods.
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Sytnik, Natalya A. "Hydrometeorological Conditions in the Southern Part of the Kerch Strait and the Pre-Strait Zone of the Black Sea as a Potential Area for Industrial Shellfish Cultivation." UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, no. 4 (208) (December 23, 2020): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2020-4-112-117.

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Considered materials on the hydrometeorological conditions of the Kerch Strait and the Black Sea. The data on the wind regime in the study areas are presented. The materials on currents and water exchange in the southern part of the Kerch Strait and the Black Sea waters are presented. The average monthly, annual, minimum and maximum values of air temperature at the coastal hydrometeorological stations are analyzed. In the seasonal course of salinity, in contrast to the regularities in the sea zone (in the surface and bottom layers), there is no summer minimum in the bottom layer of the strait. This indicates the development of coastal upwellings in the Black Sea in the summer, which facilitates the penetration of the Black Sea waters into the strait in the bottom layer. The oxygen saturation of the waters in the strait (both in the surface and in the bottom layers) is higher than in the sea area. This indicates a more intensive course of production processes. The stable Azov currents are most favorable for the plantations located in the strait near the Crimean coast during the collection of larvae on the collector and for the improvement of trophic conditions in the plantation areas. For the purification of coastal waters from suspended matter, the Black Sea currents are preferred. The frequent change of the Azov and Black Sea currents creates favorable conditions for the effective operation of mariculture farms. On the basis of the studies carried out, conclusions were drawn about the possibility of industrial cultivation of mollusks in the water area of the Kerch Strait and the Black Sea.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Black sea water"

1

King, Linda L. 1964. "Chlorophyll diagenesis in the water column and sediments of the Black Sea." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12565.

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Plante, Audrey. "Marine benthic hypoxia and its consequences for sediment-water exchanges and early diagenesis." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/312521/4/Thesis.pdf.

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The northwestern (NW) continental shelf of the Black Sea undergoes seasonal hypoxia. The benthic environment, the exchanges at the water-sediment interface and the diagenetic reactions are influenced by this phenomenon. In the framework of the BENTHOX project, two field cruises were conducted on the shelf in spring 2016 and in summer 2017.The first part of this investigation concerned the study of the impact of low oxygen levels in bottom waters on the diagenetic reactions. The microprofilings of geochemical parameters and the flux measurements showed both spatial and temporal variabilities in the benthic compartment of the NW continental shelf for the two seasons studied. The areas closest to the coasts exhibited the most important fluxes of oxygen consumption and of sulfate. These regions were strongly influenced by riverine inputs inducing a higher productivity and in turn resulting in an increase in the fluxes of organic matter deposited on the seabed.The diagenetic reactions were impacted by seasonal deoxygenation in bottom waters. The oxic respiration was less important in the summer as reflected by the shallower penetration depth of dissolved oxygen. Since 1995, the diffusive oxygen uptake (DOU) reported during hypoxic period indicated that the concentration of dissolved oxygen played an important role in the benthic exchange fluxes. Furthermore, a shallower reduction of sulphate and of Mn- and Fe-oxides observed in the sediments evidenced the impact of low oxygen levels on the diagenetic cascade. As a consequence, the benthic mineralization of organic matter was affected. During summer 2017, the oxic mineralization of organic carbon was less important and the contribution of the reducing species to oxygen consumption increased. The anaerobic mineralization of organic matter became thus the dominant process during the period of deoxygenation.The second part concerned the study of the sulfur and iron cycling in the shelf sediments during the low oxygen event of summer 2017. The sediments from the station close to the mouth of the Danube and that near the Dnieper exhibited a signature of detrital material different from that of the upper crust. The inputs of organic matter, in particular transported by the rivers, could influence the signal. The sediments of the NW shelf investigated were however of marine origin.Following the sulfate reduction already observed and mentioned above, the hydrogen sulfides produced were rapidly consumed as suggested by the low concentrations of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and of the dissolved sulfide. The presence of pyrite in the upper layers of the sediments close to the water-sediment interface was plausible because the formation of pyrite in the water column had been reported due to the higher resistance of pyrite to oxidation compared to AVS (Wijsman et al. 2001). A non steady-state deposition was observed as suggested by Wijsman et al. (1999). It was characterized by an abrupt drop in the pyrite content caused possibly by fluctuations in salinity, dissolved O2 concentrations and organic matter fluxes.The non-reactive iron constituted the principal fraction of the total iron present in the sediments. Its contribution fell in the range reported for the marine sediments of the continental margins. A spatial variation of the concentration of highly reactive iron was nevertheless observed. Near the Dnieper mouth, the contents of reactive iron were lower and could be attributed to the less important fluvial inputs, to the sorption and/or precipitation processes or yet to the reallocation of the reactive iron of the shelf deposits towards the sediments in deep and euxinic waters.The last part of this thesis concerned the biogeochemistry of metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Hg, Co and Cd) during the early diagenesis and the assessment of enrichment and pollution of these metals in the sediments of the shelf. The results showed that trace metals are probably linked to iron and manganese oxides as well as to sulphides. Ni and Zn could be involved in adsorption onto and co-precipitation with Fe- and Mn-oxides. Cu seemed to be associated preferentially to sulphides but no clear correlation was found. The enrichment and pollution of these metals in the shelf sediments showed spatial variability. The Danube delta area was enriched in Ni, Cu and Zn while the Odessa region was enriched in Co and Cd. The pollution of shelf sediments ranged from “unpolluted” to “very highly polluted”. Since the late 20th century, the heavy metal contents in shelf sediments remained stable in the Odessa region but increased in the Danube delta area.
Le plateau continental du Nord-Ouest de la Mer Noire subit une hypoxie saisonnière. L'environnement benthique, l'échange à l'interface eau-sédiment et les réactions diagénétiques sont influencés par ce phénomène. Dans le cadre du projet BENTHOX, deux campagnes de prélèvement ont été menées sur le plateau au printemps 2016 et à l'été 2017 dans le but de comprendre ces changements.La première partie de cette recherche concerne l’impact des faibles concentrations en oxygène dans les eaux de fond sur les réactions diagénétiques. Les micro-profils de paramètres géochimiques et les mesures de flux ont montré des variabilités spatiales et temporelles dans le compartiment benthique pour les deux saisons étudiées. Les zones les plus proches des côtes ont présenté les flux les plus importants de consommation d'oxygène et de sulfate. Ces régions ont été fortement influencées par les apports fluviaux induisant une productivité plus élevée et entraînant à son tour une augmentation des flux de matière organique déposée sur le fond marin. Les réactions diagénétiques sont affectées par la désoxygénation saisonnière des eaux de fond. La respiration oxique etait moins importante en été comme en témoigne la profondeur de pénétration moins profonde de l’oxygène. Depuis 1995, l’absorption d’oxygène dissous (DOU) rapportée pendant la période limitée en oxygène a indiqué que la concentration d'oxygène dissous jouait un rôle important dans les flux d'échanges benthiques. De plus, une diminution de la profondeur à laquelle la réduction des sulfates et la réduction des oxydes métalliques témoigne de l'impact d'une faible concentration en oxygène sur la cascade diagénétique. En conséquence, la minéralisation benthique de la matière organique a été affectée. Au cours de l'été 2017, la minéralisation oxique du carbone a été moins importante et la contribution des espèces réductrices à la consommation d’oxygène a augmenté. La respiration anaérobie de la matière organique est ainsi devenue le processus dominant pendant la période d'hypoxie.La deuxième partie portait sur l'étude du cycle du soufre et du fer dans les sédiments du plateau lors de l'événement de faible teneur en oxygène de l'été 2017. Les sédiments de la station proche de l'embouchure du Danube et de celle du Dniepr présentaient une signature de matière détritique différente de celle de la croûte supérieure. Les apports de matière organique, notamment transportés par les rivières, pourraient influencer le signal. Les sédiments du plateau nord-ouest étudiés étaient cependant d'origine marine. Suite à la réduction du sulfate déjà observée et mentionnée ci-dessus, les sulfures d'hydrogène produits ont été rapidement consommés comme le suggèrent les faibles concentrations en sulfure acide volatil (AVS) et en sulfure dissous. La présence de pyrite dans les couches supérieures des sédiments près de l'interface eau-sédiment était plausible car la formation de pyrite dans la colonne d'eau avait été signalée en raison de la résistance plus élevée de la pyrite à l'oxydation par rapport à l'AVS (Wijsman et al. 2001). Un dépôt à l'état non stationnaire a été observé comme le suggèrent Wijsman et al. (1999). Elle a été caractérisée par une chute brutale de la teneur en pyrite causée peut-être par des fluctuations de salinité, des concentrations d'O2 dissous et des flux de matière organiqueLe fer non réactif constituait la fraction principale du fer total présent dans les sédiments. Sa contribution est tombée dans la gamme signalée pour les sédiments marins des marges continentales. Une variation spatiale de la concentration en fer hautement réactif a néanmoins été observée. Près de l'embouchure du Dniepr, les teneurs en fer réactif étaient plus faibles et pouvaient être attribuées aux apports fluviaux moins importants, aux processus de sorption et / ou de précipitation ou encore à la réallocation du fer réactif des dépôts du plateau vers les sédiments en profondeur et eaux euxiniques.La dernière partie de cette thèse concerne la biogéochimie des métaux (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Hg, Co et Cd) lors de la diagenèse précoce et l'évaluation de l'enrichissement et de la pollution de ces métaux dans les sédiments du plateau. Les résultats ont montré que les métaux traces sont probablement liés aux oxydes de fer et de manganèse ainsi qu'aux sulfures. Ni et Zn pourraient être impliqués dans l'adsorption et la coprécipitation avec les oxydes de Fe et de Mn. Le Cu semble être associé préférentiellement aux sulfures mais aucune corrélation claire n'a été trouvée. L'enrichissement et la pollution de ces métaux dans les sédiments du plateau ont montré une variabilité spatiale. La zone du delta du Danube a été enrichie en Ni, Cu et Zn tandis que la région d'Odessa s'est enrichie en Co et Cd. La pollution des sédiments du plateau allait de « non polluée » à « très fortement polluée ». Depuis la fin du 20e siècle, la teneur en métaux lourds des sédiments du plateau est restée stable dans la région d'Odessa mais a augmenté dans la région du delta du Danube.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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3

Yigiterhan, Oguz. "Trace Metal Composition Of Particulate Matter In The Water Column And Sediments Of The Black Sea And Regional Rivers." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606507/index.pdf.

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The Black Sea, with its oxic, suboxic and anoxic layers, provides a unique environment for studying how biological and geochemical processes affect the composition of particulate matter. The elemental composition of particles in the Black Sea is controlled by their origin and sources. Particles from rivers are dominated by aluminosilicate material that has compositions similar to the earth&rsquo
s crust. In general this material is relatively unreactive. Biological processes in the upper oxic and suboxic layers of the water column result in enrichments of elements which used as nutrients. Cu, Ba and Mo have been proposed as tracers for planktonic material and new production. Geochemical processes like manganese and iron recycling between oxidized and reduced forms, metal sulfide formation, and biogenic matter decomposition can have a large impact on the composition of particles in the suboxic and anoxic zones. The aim of this thesis was to study the composition of particles suspended in the water column of the Black Sea, in regional rivers draining into the Black Sea, and of particles deposited in these rivers and Black Sea sediments. The objectives were to determine the chemical composition and distribution of particles supplied by rivers and produced in the Black Sea, and compare with those particles buried in the sediments. The chemical distributions can help us to understand the biogeochemical processes taking place. The ultimate goal is to understand if there is a chemical signature that characterizes sediments deposited in anoxic basins that can be used to determine if ancient sedimentary rocks were deposited under such conditions. Water column filter samples were collected from the central western basin and along transects to the SW shelf regions during several research cruises of R/V Bilim and R/V Knorr in the Black Sea. Samples were taken by using both in situ large volume filtration systems and on deck vacuum filtration of discrete samples. River samples were collected by hand from the bank of four Turkish rivers and the Danube River. Sediment samples were obtained from 0 - 25 cm interval of a box core from the deep western basin. All samples were digested and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry and combination of atomic absorption (flame &
graphite furnace) instruments. The elements analyzed included Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Cd, Ba, Pb, and U. Great care was taken to avoid contamination and to obtain the highest level of precision and accuracy. The precision was typically about 5% for most elements. The accuracy, determined using standard reference materials, was also usually better than 5%. Another goal of this research was to determine the metal concentrations and best digestion methods using different types of filter materials. Blank filters were digested and analyzed and the analyses of various filter blanks are presented in the thesis. The analyses showed that the particulate matter data from Turkish Rivers were very similar to the composition of global average riverine particulate material and global average crust. The Danube River had elevated concentrations for some elements that were probably due to anthropogenic contamination. The Turkish river samples were closer to (but still higher than) the averages for the world&rsquo
s rivers but many elements in the Danube were much higher. These high values determined for major elements in the Danube samples strongly suggest considerable contamination of the Danube as compared to the Turkish Rivers. The Danube River samples were especially enriched in Pb, Zn, Ag, Cu, Cd, and Mn and slightly enriched with Cr and Ni. The first five elements, in particular, are well known indicators of pollution. The particulate matter in the water column of the Black Sea was influenced by lithogenic input from rivers, biological processes and geochemical processes. In order to examine the biogeochemical processes extensively, all the data were plotted as Metal/Al (Me/Al) ratios and compared with the ratios of the average crust and Turkish Rivers. Deviations were used to examine the anomalies due to biological and geochemical processes. In addition, the Al content of individual sample and the Me/Al ratio of crust or rivers were used to subtract the lithogenic component from the total composition. Enrichments due to biological processes were observed for Ba >
Fe >
Cr >
Mn >
Zn >
Ni >
Cu >
Mo >
V >
Co >
Cd >
U for the overall biogenic composition. Enrichments due to biology are most evident for Ba, Fe, Cr and Mn. This is a unique data set as there have been few previous analyses of biological enrichment for most of these elements. The results of particulate matter analyses showed that some elements including U, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, Ba and Mo were enriched in the set of samples from the euphotic zone. Redox cycling in the suboxic zone was observed, as expected, for Mn and Fe, whose oxides play an important role in scavenging processes. The redox dependent processes in the suboxic &ndash
anoxic interface influence the vertical distribution of U, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Ba and possibly Mo, Cr and V. Elements influenced by sulfide formation in the anoxic layer are Fe, Cr, Ni, Co, Mo, and presumably Ag. The sediment data were also examined based on the same approaches. The elements Zn, Pb, U and Cd decreased with sediment depth over the top 5 cm suggesting that they were remobilized out of the sediments. In general the sediments from the Black Sea have Me/Al ratios very similar to local Turkish Rivers and average crust. There is no unique sediment signature (except possibly for Mo) indicating that these sediments were deposited under sulphidic conditions. This study does not support the hypothesis that the composition of ancient rocks can be used to characterize the environment of deposition.
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Flo, Arcas Eva. "Opening the black box of coastal inshore waters in the NW Mediterranean Sea : environmental quality tools and assessment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461378.

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Coastal inshore waters (CIW) are defined as the area of coastal waters between 0 and 200 m from the shoreline. They only represent < 1% of coastal waters, even though they are of main ecological, social, and economic importance. However, studies related to CIW are scarce and, thus, they are very poorly known and understood. The time series data base of the National Catalan Coastal Water Monitoring Program, conducted since 1990, has allowed characterizing the CIW in the NW Mediterranean Sea. CIW receive a larger influence of continental nutrient-rich freshwater inflows than outermost coastal waters. These influences trigger the primary production (chlorophyll-a concentration), which can enhance the eutrophication process. In addition, they are fluvial or urban. The fluvial continental influences are related to natural processes, such as fluvial inflows and submarine groundwater discharges, and are defined by a high freshwater content (inverse of salinity) and a high nitrate, and silicate concentrations. The urban ones are mainly related to urban inflows, thus of anthropogenic origin, and are defined by high phosphate, ammonia, and nitrite concentrations. During the study period (1990-2014), physicochemical and biological data analyses revealed great differences between CIW and outermost coastal waters, in space and time and at national and local scales. CIW showed significantly larger concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll-a than outermost coastal waters. Within CIW, Fluvial continental influences occurred predominantly in coastal zones where rivers flow into, such as in the southwest where the Ebre river discharges, and urban continental influences occurred along the metropolitan Barcelona area and near mostly urban areas. Besides, fluvial continental influences decreased while urban continental influences increased with time. In addition, CIW showed higher variability and heterogeneity, especially at local scale. These evidences had allowed the creation of methods to assess pressures (nutrients) on land and on coastal waters and also the impact they drive (chlorophyll-a) on coastal waters, as required by the Water Framework Directive. The land uses simplified index (LUSI) method assesses the continental pressures measured on land and its influence on coastal waters, based on land uses and coastline morphology. The Phosphate-Ammonium-Nitrite (FAN) and FLUviality (FLU) indexes method, which is based on physicochemical variables, assesses the continental influences, the urban and fluvial ones, the water quality, and the anthropogenic component of the trophic state and the risks of eutrophication and cultural eutrophication on coastal waters. The chlorophyll-a method, which is based on chlorophyll-a concentration (phytoplanktonic biomass) and on salinity, assesses the ecological status of coastal waters and allows to assess the eutrophication on coastal waters. Merging the results of the FAN and FLU indexes and of the Chl-a methods allows to assess the cultural eutrophication on coastal waters. The integrated assessment of the Catalan coast, based on the jointly results of the created methods, revealed that the 42% of the water bodies are at risk of eutrophication, 19% are at risk of cultural eutrophication, 8% show eutrophication, and 2% show cultural eutrophication. Therefore, the assumption regarding the oligotrophy of the Mediterranean Sea is rejected in CIW of the Catalan Coast. The combined evidences of the characterization and assessments of the Catalan coastal waters provide a better understanding of the structure and functioning of coastal waters, especially of CIW, in the Mediterranean Sea, which is essential for decision-makers. In addition, scientific recommendations were provided to achieve in the future the integrated management of the Catalan coast, under the ecosystem approach.
Les aigües costaneres interiors (CIW) són aquelles localitzades entre 0 i 200 m del litoral. Representen només un <1% d'aquestes, però tenen una gran importància a nivell ecològic, social i econòmic. Tot i així, no hi ha gaires estudis de les CIW i per tant el coneixement sobre la seva estructura i funcionament és limitat. La base de dades de la sèrie temporal del Programa Nacional de Seguiment i Control de les Aigües Costaneres de Catalunya, que es realitza des del 1990, ha permès caracteritzar les CIW al NO del Mediterrani. Les CIW reben una major influència dels aportaments continentals d'aigua dolça, rics nutrients, que les aigües costaneres més exteriors. Aquests aportaments fan incrementar la producció primària (concentració de clorofil·la-a), que alhora pot desencadenar el procés d'eutrofització de les aigües. Els aportaments continentals són fluvials o urbans. Els fluvials estan relacionats amb processos naturals, com ara fluxos fluvials i descàrregues submarines d'aigües subterrànies, i es defineixen per un contingut alt d'aigua dolça (invers de la salinitat) i unes altes concentracions de nitrat i silicat. Els urbans estan relacionats amb els fluxos urbans, d'origen antropogènic, i es defineixen per unes altes concentracions de fosfat, amoni i nitrit. Durant el període d'estudi (1990-2014), les anàlisis de dades fisicoquímiques i biològiques han revelat grans diferències entre les CIW i les aigües costaneres més exteriors, en l'espai i el temps, a escala nacional i local. Les CIW tenen concentracions significativament més grans de nutrients inorgànics dissolts i clorofil·la-a. L'arribada d'aportaments continentals a les CIW va produir-se predominantment davant la desembocadura de rius (sobretot al SO on desemboca el riu Ebre) i davant d'àrees urbanes (principalment davant l'àrea metropolitana de Barcelona). A més a més, va comprovar-se que en aquestes aigües els aportaments continentals fluvials van disminuir mentre que els urbans van augmentar al llarg del temps. Igualment, les CIW van mostrar més variabilitat i heterogeneïtat especialment a escala local. Aquests coneixement de les aigües costaneres, van permetre la creació de mètodes per avaluar les pressions (nutrients) a terra i a les aigües costaneres i també per avaluar l'impacte que generen (clorofil·la-a), tal i com exigeix la Directiva Marc de l'Aigua. El mètode basat en l'índex simplificat d'usos del sòl (LUSI) avalua les pressions continentals mesurades a terra i la seva influència en les aigües costaneres, segons els usos del sòl i la morfologia del litoral. El mètode basat en els índexs de fosfat-amoni-nitrit (FAN) i fluvialitat (FLU) determina, mitjançant variables fisicoquímiques, els aportaments continentals, els fluvials, els urbans, la qualitat de l'aigua, el component antropogènic de l'estat tròfic i els riscs d'eutrofització i d'eutrofització cultural a les aigües costaneres. El mètode basat en la clorofil·la-a valora l'estat ecològic de les aigües costaneres, segons la concentració de clorofil·la-a (biomassa fitoplanctònica) i la salinitat, i permet avaluar l'eutrofització a les aigües costaneres. Els resultats conjunts dels índexs FAN i FLU i de la clorofil·la-a permeten avaluar l'eutrofització cultural a les aigües costaneres. A la costa catalana, el 42% de les aigües costaneres corren risc d'eutrofització, el 19% risc d'eutrofització cultural, el 8% presenten eutrofització i el 2% eutrofització cultural. Per tant, la hipòtesi sobre l'oligotròfia del Mediterrani és nul·la a les CIW de la costa catalana. La caracterització i l'avaluació d'aquestes aigües contribueixen a una millor comprensió de l'estructura i el funcionament de les aigües costaneres, especialment de les CIW, en el mar Mediterrani, informació essencial per a gestors. A més, les recomanacions científiques nomenades en aquesta tesi contribuiran per a l'assoliment de la gestió integrada de la costa catalana en el futur, sota l'enfoc ecosistèmic.
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Лушнікова, Марія Віталіївна. "Прогнозування впливу техногенного забруднення на води Чорного моря." Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/41751.

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Магістерська дисертація присвячена обґрунтуванню можливості створення нафтового бону який зможе ефективно фільтрувати нафтові плями в поверхневих водах акваторії Чорного моря. Проведено аналіз властивостей, характеристик і складу морської води. Запропоновано концепцію нафтового бону який буде складатись з синтетичних фільтрів, а також з природних матеріалів. Встановлено залежності дії антропогенного впливу на води Чорного моря; залежності від дії синтетичних та природних матеріалів на фільтрацію нафтових плям на поверхні води. Розроблено стартап-проект, основною ідеєю якого є виробництво нафтового бону який завдяки поеднанню двох матеріалів зможе ефективно очищувати воду. Розраховано, що для запуску проекту необхідно 697765 грн інвестицій.
The master's dissertation is assigned to the structure of the mobility of the stem of the naphtha bon, which can effectively filter naphtha in the surface waters of the Black Sea. The analysis of authorities, characteristics and warehouse of sea water was carried out. The concept of a naphtha boom, which will be composed of synthetic filters, as well as natural materials, is proponated. Deposits of anthropogenic plants were established in the waters of the Black Sea; deposits of synthetic and natural materials on the filtration of naphtha beaches on the water surface. A start-up project has been broken up, the main idea of which is the production of a naphtha boom, which means that two materials can be eaten efficiently. Rozrakhovano, scho for the launch of the project needs: 697765 UAH investment.
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Arnstedt, Johanna, and Frida Tullsson. "Förbudet mot utsläpp av toalettavfall från fritidsbåtar på svenskt vatten och dess potentiella bidrag till hållbar utveckling i Östersjön : En kvalitativ undersökning av fritidsbåtsägares syn på förbudet och förslag för ökad efterlevnad." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-126647.

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En av de största utmaningarna i dagens samhälle är att säkerställa hållbar utveckling, vilket ingick i FN:s sjunde milleniemål med måldatum 2015. Östersjön är ett särskilt känsligt innanhav med en hotad biologisk mångfald och en utbredd övergödningsproblematik. År 2001 gav Helcom, en samarbetsorganisation för alla Östersjöländer, rekommendationen att införa ett förbud mot utsläpp av toalettavfall från fritidsbåtar som ett steg i att begränsa tillförseln av näringsämnen till Östersjön. Den 1 april år 2015 infördes förbudet i Sverige. Under de följande månaderna blev förbudet mycket uppmärksammat i media och det har sedan dess förekommit en stor kvantitet synpunkter på förbudet. Från april till oktober 2015 inkom 182 anmälningar gällande brister i hamnars mottagande av toalettavfall till Transportstyrelsen. Studien syftar till att utvärdera förbudets potentiella bidrag till hållbar utveckling, att undersöka fritidsbåtsägares syn på utsläppsförbudet samt att ge förslag till förbättringar för att förbudet enklare ska kunna efterlevas för fritidsbåtsägare. Studien genomfördes med en kombination av olika metoder. Huvudmomentet utgjordes av kvalitativa intervjuer med fritidsbåtsägare. Som komplement skickades en webbenkät till 109 personer. Svarsfrekvensen beräknades till 92 procent, vilket belyser det stora engagemang som funnits i att delta i studien. Därutöver sammanställdes de brister och synpunkter som rapporterats in till Transportstyrelsen. Författarna har även deltagit i seminarier. Resultaten visar att majoriteten av fritidsbåtsägarna anser att förbudet är korrekt och att principen att inte släppa ut toalettavfall i Östersjön är riktig. Enligt webbenkäten skulle 64 av 99 personer tömma båtens septiktank i havet om det inte fanns någon fungerande mottagningsanordning inom deras färdväg. Situationen speglas även i förbättringsförslagen då det mest frekvent förekommande förslaget är att bygga ut nätet med mottagningsanordningar och att säkerställa att befintliga anordningar är i drift och fungerar. Fritidsbåtsägarna gav flera argument både för och emot förbudet och hade även synpunkter på förbudets utformning. Två vanligt förekommande argument för förbudet var vikten av att ta ansvar för sina egna utsläpp och den sanitära olägenheten att bada i samma vatten som någon släpper ut toalettavfall i. Tre vanliga motargument var att regleringar för andra aktörer som jordbruk, industrier och kommunala bräddavlopp bör införas innan regleringar för fritidsbåtsägare, att toalettavfallet sprids ut i en så stor volym vatten och att båtliv ska innebära frihet. Förbudet kan bidra till hållbar utveckling ur såväl det sociala, ekonomiska och ekologiska perspektivet trots att utsläpp av näringsämnen från fritidsbåtar utgör en mindre andel av de totala utsläppskvantiteterna. Flera av Östersjöns ekosystemtjänster hotas av övergödning, exempelvis livsmedelsproduktion, biologisk mångfald och estetiska värden. Författarna till denna rapport anser därmed att alla ekonomiskt rimliga åtgärder kan motiveras ur ett ekosystemtjänstperspektiv för att inte riskera kommande generationers möjlighet att uppfylla sina behov. Förbudet bidrar ytterligare till den sociala dimensionen av hållbarhet genom att det medför en ökad medvetenhet kring problematiken relaterad till Östersjöns miljötillstånd. Författarna rekommenderar i första hand att det byggs flera landtoaletter och sugtömningsanordningar. Placeringen av dessa bör ses över av en aktör med ett övergripande ansvar. Spridning av information kring var det finns utplacerade mottagningsanordningar rekommenderas, exempelvis via en applikation i mobiltelefonen och utmärkning på sjökort. Därutöver bör information om vilka regler som gäller för fritidsbåtsägare och hamnansvariga spridas, samt tydliga användarinstruktioner på mottagningsanordningarna vara mer frekvent förekommande.
One of the greatest challenges in today’s society is to ensure sustainable development, which was included in the UN:s 7th millennium goal with target date 2015. The Baltic Sea is an extra sensitive inland sea with a threatened biodiversity and widespread eutrophication problems. In 2001 Helcom, a cooperation organization for all Baltic Sea countries, gave the recommendation to prohibit discharge of sewage from pleasure craft as a step to limit the input of nutrients to the Baltic Sea. The 1st of April 2015 the prohibition was introduced in Sweden. In the following months the prohibition got a lot of attention in media and many people commented upon it. From April to October 2015, Transportstyrelsen received 182 notifications about deficiencies in ports’ reception of sewage. This study aims at evaluating the prohibitions’ contribution to sustainable development, examining the owners of pleasure craft’s view of the sewage prohibition and to come up with improvement proposals in order to make it easier for pleasure craft owners to follow the prohibition. The study was conducted with a combination of different methods. The main part consisted of qualitative interviews with pleasure craft owners. As a complement, a web questionnaire was distributed to 109 persons. The response rate was estimated to 92 percent, which highlights the great intrest to participate in the study. The notifications that were reported by Transportstyrelsen’s web form were compiled as well. The authors have also participated in seminars with different actors. The results of the study shows that the majority of the pleasure craft owners thought that the prohibition was correct and the principle of not emitting sewage in the Baltic Sea was appropriate. According to the web questionnaire 64 of 99 people would empty the septic tank of the boat in the sea if there was no functioning emptying equipment in their route. This was also reflected in the improvement proposals where the most common proposals were to expand the network of emptying equipment and to ensure that the existing stations are in operation. The pleasure craft owners stated several arguments both for and against the prohibition and also commented on the formation of the prohibition. Two common arguments with the prohibition were the importance of taking responsibility of your own emissions and the sanitary inconvenience in bathing in the same water as someone is discharging sewage in. Three common counterarguments were that regulations for other actors as agriculture, industries and municipal overflow outlets should be introduced before regulations for pleasure craft owners, that the sewage is spread out in a large amount of water and that boating should stand for freedom. The prohibition can contribute to sustainable development both from the social, economic and ecological dimensions despite that the emissions of nutrients from the pleasure boats represent a small proportion of the total amount of emissions. Several ecosystem services of the Baltic Sea are threatened by eutrophication, for example food production, biodiversity and aesthetic values. In the writers opinion thereby all economically reasonable actions are motivated from an ecosystem service perspective not to risk the possibility for future generations to fulfill their needs. The prohibition is further contributing to social sustainability by entailing an increased awareness of the problems related to the Baltic Sea's environmental status. The writers primarily recommend building of more toilets on land and more suction drainage devices. The placement of these should be reviewed by an actor with an overall responsibility. Spreading of information about where the emptying equipments are located is recommended, both by an application in the mobile phone and marked in the nautical chart. In addition, information about the rules that apply to recreational pleasure craft owners and port responsibles should also be spread, as well as clear user instructions on emptying equipments.
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Gill, Yasir Q. "Preparation and characterization of polyethylene based nanocomposites for potential applications in packaging." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18052.

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The objective of my work was to develop HDPE clay nanocomposites for packaging with superior barrier (gas and water) properties by economical processing technique. This work also represents a comparative study of thermoplastic nanocomposites for packaging based on linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and Nylon12. In this study properties and processing of a series of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and Nylon 12 nanocomposites based on Na-MMT clay and two different aspect ratio grades of kaolinite clay are discussed.
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McCarthy, Maurice M. "Management of the ecosystems of the Black Sea : alternative strategies for the control of water and nutrient inputs." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28728.

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The objective of this thesis is to show that by separating the two major anthropogenic changes caused in riverine input to the north shore of the Black Sea, it is possible to describe distinct linkages between ongoing ecological changes in the Black Sea, and 1) flow reduction, and 2) nutrient load increase. An attempt is made to quantify the pertinent changes in the inputs of water, salt, and nutrients by modelling individual fluxes over time. The results of these computations are used to argue how the ecology of the Black Sea may be realistically partially restored to something like its former productivity. The origins of input changes to this system are evaluated in terms of their sources. The economic and social costs that will be involved in altering the quality and quantity of those inputs to allow recovery of the Black Sea are examined along with the benefits that may accrue through the restoration of water quality, fisheries and tourism. Mechanisms that may be relevant in the process of achieving the alteration of the inputs are discussed.
Graduation date: 1996
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"TRACE METAL COMPOSITION OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN THE WATER COLUMN AND SEDIMENTS OF THE BLACK SEA AND REGIONAL RIVERS." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606507/index.pdf.

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Yanchilina, Anastasia G. "Excess Freshwater Outflow from the Black Sea-Lake during Glacial and Deglacial Periods and Delayed Entry of Marine Water in the Early Holocene Require Evolving Sills." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8QJ7H72.

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The Black Sea becomes periodically isolated from the global ocean during each glacial period. This occurs when the elevation of the global ocean is lower than the Bosporus sill, putting a stop to inflow of salt water to the Black Sea. This phenomenon allows the Black Sea to evolve from a marine environment to a freshwater one. It is also evident that the depth of the Bosporus sill does not remain at the same elevation, and instead is dynamic. The sill becomes filled with sediments during periods of its sub-aerial exposure but is subsequently eroded to its bedrock during periods of outflow from the Black Sea-Lake to the global ocean. This interpretation comes from the observations that during the last glacial period, the Black Sea-Lake was in a positive hydrological balance, fresh, and predominantly outflowing to the global ocean over a deep Bosporus sill, at approximately 80 meters below sea level (mbsl). It is highly likely that there were brief periods when the lake froze and the outflow suspended, such as during the extreme stadial conditions associated with the North Atlantic iceberg-discharge Heinrich Event 2 (HE 2) at ~24 kyr before present, when there is also no evident carbonate accumulation in stalagmites that receive water from evaporated Black Sea surface water. Upon the onset of deglaciation, large floods originating from the Fennoscandinavian Ice Sheet and the Alps, delivered meltwater so as to fully ventilate the Black Sea-Lake and even potentially replace all of the water in the basin. These floods occurred near the time of the deglacial iceberg-discharge Heinrich Event 1 (HE 1 at ~17 kyr before present), and left pulses of red-colored sediment everywhere on the western half of the Black Sea basin.
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Books on the topic "Black sea water"

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1947-, Westerskov Kim, ed. Deep New Zealand: Blue water, black abyss. Christchurch, N.Z: Canterbury University Press, 2003.

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King, Linda L. Chlorophyll diagenesis in the water column and sediments of the Black Sea. Woods Hole, Ma: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1993.

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Rudneva, I. I. Ecotoxicological studies of Black Sea ecosystem at the case of Sevastopol region. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2011.

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Black shoes and blue water: Surface warfare in the United States Navy, 1945-1975. Washington, D.C: Naval Historical Center, Dept. of the Navy, 1996.

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Ukraine, Aurescu Bogdan, Dinescu Cosmin, Dumitru Liviu, International Court of Justice, and Romania Ministerul Afacerilor Externe, eds. Delimitarea maritimă dintre România și Ucraina la Curtea de la Haga: Documentele scrise și pledoariile României în cauza România c. Ucraina privind delimitarea spațiilor maritime în Marea Neagră, soluționată de Curtea Internațională de Justiție la 3 februarie 2009. București: Editura Academiei Române, 2009.

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Romania. Delimitarea maritimă dintre România și Ucraina la Curtea de la Haga: Documentele scrise și pledoariile României în cauza România c. Ucraina privind delimitarea spațiilor maritime în Marea Neagră, soluționată de Curtea Internațională de Justiție la 3 februarie 2009. București: Editura Academiei Române, 2009.

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Mark, Terceiro, and United States. National Marine Fisheries Service., eds. The summer flounder, scup, and black sea bass fishery of the Middle Atlantic Bight and southern New England Waters. Seattle, Wash. (7600 Sand Point Way NE, BIN C 15700, Seatle 98115-0070): U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service ; Springfield, Va., 1994.

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Farley, Walter. The black stallion. New York: Random House, 1991.

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Farley, Walter. The black stallion. New York: Beginner Books, 1986.

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Farley, Walter. The black stallion. New York: Random House, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Black sea water"

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Portakal, S., A. Varinlioglu, F. Pala, and E. Seddih. "137Cs and 239,240Pu Concentrations in the Black Sea Water Column." In Black Sea Oceanography, 245–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2608-3_14.

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Luther, George W. "Sulfur and Iodine Speciation in the Water Column of the Black Sea." In Black Sea Oceanography, 187–204. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2608-3_11.

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Jannasch, Holger W. "Microbial Processes in the Black Sea Water Column and Top Sediment: An Overview." In Black Sea Oceanography, 271–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2608-3_16.

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Haraldsson, Conny, and Stig Westerlund. "Total and Suspended Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Nickel, and Zinc in the Water Column of the Black Sea." In Black Sea Oceanography, 161–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2608-3_9.

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Pokazeev, Konstantin, Elena Sovga, and Tatiana Chaplina. "Numerical Modeling of the Hydrocarbon Spot Shape on the Water Surface." In Pollution in the Black Sea, 37–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61895-7_4.

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Staneva, J. V., and E. V. Stanev. "Cold Intermediate Water Formation in the Black Sea. Analysis on Numerical Model Simulations." In Sensitivity to Change: Black Sea, Baltic Sea and North Sea, 375–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5758-2_29.

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Pokazeev, Konstantin, Elena Sovga, and Tatiana Chaplina. "Main Natural and Anthropogenic Sources of Pollution of the Black Sea, Its Shelf Zones and Small Water Reservoirs." In Pollution in the Black Sea, 97–141. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61895-7_9.

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Baştürk, Özden, Süleyman Tuğrul, Sergei Konovalov, and İlkay Salihoğlu. "Variations in the Vertical Structure of Water Chemistry within the Three Hydrodynamically Different Regions of the Black Sea." In Sensitivity to Change: Black Sea, Baltic Sea and North Sea, 183–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5758-2_15.

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Mee, Laurence D. "Management and Protection of the Black Sea Environment: an International Approach." In Transboundary Water Resources Management, 343–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61438-5_22.

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Tsyganova, M. V., and E. M. Lemeshko. "Dynamics of Riverine Water in the Black Sea Shelf Zone." In Processes in GeoMedia—Volume I, 127–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38177-6_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Black sea water"

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Javadzadeh, T. M., V. V. Javadzadeh, A. G. Abuzarova, V. V. Javadzadeh, and A. G. Abuzarova. "Water Saturation in Shaly Sands Calculations Using Dual Water (DW), Modified Simandoyx (SWMS) and Archie of Alyat – Deni." In Caspian and Black Sea Geosciences Conference. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20146137.

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Polischuk, Sergey. "LEGAL NIHILISM IN THE BLACK SEA WATER AREA." In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practices. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02090-6-0-115-120.

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Abstract:
The article examines the situation that has arisen in the Black Sea region in connection with the systematic violations by NATO ships of the provisions of the 1936 Montreux Convention on the Status of Straits between the Black and Mediterranean Seas. The analysis of events related to the increased activity of the Alliance Navy near the borders of the Russian Federation is carried out and the option of maintaining control over compliance with international Law is proposed.
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Novac, Valerian, Luminita Moraru, Florin Onea, and Eugen Rusu. "BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE BLACK SEA BASIN." In 20th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings SGEM 2020. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/3.1/s15.104.

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Mihailov, Maria Emanuela. "DANUBE RIVER INFLUENCE ON THE ROMANIAN BLACK SEA WATERS." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bc3/s15.002.

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Zanopol, A. T. "LONGSHORE CURENTS EVALUATION ALONG THE ROMANIAN BLACK SEA COAST." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s15.084.

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Lavrova, Olga Y., and Marina I. Mityagina. "Multi-sensor satellite survey of natural oil slicks in the southeastern Black Sea." In Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2017, edited by Charles R. Bostater, Stelios P. Mertikas, Xavier Neyt, and Sergey Babichenko. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2278025.

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Lavrova, Olga Y., Ksenia R. Nazirova, Dmitry M. Soloviev, Yana O. Alferieva, Alexey Y. Strochkov, and Tatiana Y. Bocharova. "Remote sensing of suspended particulate matter: case studies of the Sulak (Caspian Sea) and the Mzymta (Black Sea) mouth areas." In Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2021, edited by Charles R. Bostater and Xavier Neyt. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2599809.

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Matveev, Igor. "Hydrogen and Power Production from the Black Sea Deep Water." In 4th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4157.

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Galabov, Vasko. "ON THE WAVE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF THE BULGARIAN BLACK SEA COAST." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bc3/s15.003.

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Stan, Mari-Isabella. "ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE BLACK SEA COASTAL ZONE." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s15.076.

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Reports on the topic "Black sea water"

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Genov, Ivan. Correlation of Upper Pleistocene-Holocene Sediments from the Deep-water Danube Fan and the Shelf of the Black Sea. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.12.11.

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