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Relevant bibliographies by topics / BLACK FUNGUS

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Academic literature on the topic 'BLACK FUNGUS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "BLACK FUNGUS"

1

Kothari, Ayush Pravin, and Shivam Vivek Kulkarni. "Analysis of Black Fungus." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 2177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44215.

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Abstract: Black Fungus has been one of the crucial diseases after the 2nd wave in India Covid-19-era. Researchers have shown that people are more aware of their health now and are starting to take it seriously. Hence even the healthcare system is now extended to online and electronic mediums to assist people. While treating black fungus patients n number of doctors scarifies their lives. This information will be useful for next-generation youth how to take precautions where a pandemic is going on.

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2

Abdel-Gawad, Khayria M. "Mucormycosis (The Black Fungus)." American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research 13, no. 4 (July 21, 2021): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2021.13.001896.

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3

Wang, Shuaiyang, Weidong Song, Mingyou Wang, Jiaoling Wang, Tianhang Ding, Dehuan Zhou, and Shixin Ma. "Tests and analyses on physical and mechanical properties of fresh black fungus in picking season." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): e0275565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275565.

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This study determined the physical and mechanical characteristics of fresh black fungus during the harvesting season to provide basic data for the development of mechanical equipment for black fungus harvesting and processing. We have conducted a comprehensive test of black fungus cultivars “Heishan”. The mono-factor separation force experiments of black fungus and black fungus virgulate medium were conducted. It was noted that the tension angle was an important factor affecting the separation force, which was mainly distributed between 1.06 and 3.65 N. Besides, the average value of Poisson’s ratio of black fungus was measured to be 0.445 in the tensile test of black fungus leaves using image recognition and analysis techniques, with a test error within 2.5%; and the average value of tensile elastic modulus and shear elastic modulus of black fungus leaves was 0.947 MPa and 0.327 MPa, respectively; we also found that the average tensile strength at the root of black fungus was not significantly different from that at the leaf, which was around 0.436 MPa. In addition, it was obtained that the height and thickness dimensions of black fungus in the picking season conformed to a normal distribution, and concentrated around 34.39mm and 0.92mm respectively.

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4

Acharya, Biswajeet, Prafulla Kumar Sahu, Gurudutta Pattnaik, Amulyaratna Behera, Santosh Kumar Ranajit, Dinesh Kumar Sharma, and Ashish Kumar Meher. "Black Fungus: Pandemic Devastating India?" International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 15, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 5898–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.9.

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Black fungus is the latest threat to the patients who just recovered from the covid-19. Black fungus is a type of mucormycosis infection, predominantly seen in patients with co-morbidities, mainly diabetes, cancer, immunocompromised infections, and organ transplant. Rising black fungus cases are not only a major aesthetic problem disrupting the medical and socioeconomic system, but it also senses another upcoming pandemic in India. Black fungus has a clinical appearance that is indistinguishable from other common illnesses at first, and it is invariably deadly unless diagnosed early or untreated vigorously. Rapid and precise diagnostic procedures, as well as the availability of less toxic, more effective antifungal drugs like posaconazole and isavuconazole, should be pursued as targets for improved black fungus care. The liposomal Amphotericin B had brought new rays of hope for treating black fungus by providing better efficacy amongst people. Since there is a dearth of literature regarding the management of black fungus patients, the article focused on the incidences, prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment protocol, to gain insight into the extent of this epidemic in India in 2021.

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5

P.Sri Lakshmi Durga and M . Kalidas. "BLACK FUNGUS DETECTIONUSING MACHINE LEARNING." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 6, no. 6 (November 28, 2022): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i06.070.

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Fungus is extremely disreputable and dangerous for human health and cause various life- threatening diseasesto humans. Thousands of different fungusspecies exist in the world and sporesalways present in environment. Its sign and symptom are non-specific. Mucormycosis also knownas black fungus is a fungal infection that causes discoloration over nose and eye, blurred or doublevision, chest pain, breathing difficulties, fever and cough.The main aim of this project is to analyse and predict the infection probability based on the black fungus images with help of fungus detection system and algorithms to automatically detects fungus using machine learning techniques. we are using in project CNN algorithm.The dataset used is raw data based on the pulmonary Mucormycosis symptoms.

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6

Uddin, Khwaja Nazim. "Black fungus: a new threat." BIRDEM Medical Journal 11, no. 3 (August 22, 2021): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v11i3.55213.

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7

Ahammed, Shaik Gundikota Javeed, Pradeepkumar Bhupalam, Hindustan Abdul Ahad, Haranath Chinthaginjala, Syed Rahamathulla, and Srividya Yadav. "Black Fungus: A Lethal Communal Issue After Winning the Life Battle Against COVID-19." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 2095–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2306.

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The authors aimed to give a quick reference guide for humanity about the new threat even after the COVID-19 health battle i.e., the Black fungus also baptized as Mucormycosis infection. After recovering from COVID-19, patients with diabetes mellitus and patients who have undergone steroidal treatment are more prone to black fungus infection. This review gives quick information about various types of Mucormycosis infections, risk factors, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of black fungus. The things that can be and cannot be done to eradicate the black fungus. Any sign of black nasal mucosa/sputum, fever, headache, hazy/blurred/double vision with eye pain, loss of one side sensation on face and loss in the sensation while chewing, etc., then it should not be neglected and immediately intimated to the health professionals and get treated. If black fungus is unidentified early stages and untreated in time, the patients may lose their facial/neck parts as a part of cleaning surgery. The study concludes that by maintaining hygienic conditions, health checkups, and doctors’ advice one can fight and eradicate the black fungus.

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8

Khan, Md Mohasin Hussain, and Mohammed Daulat Hossain Bhuiyan. "Black fungus gnat – An invasive pest of French bean in Bangladesh." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 49, no. 1 (July 11, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v49i1.67591.

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French bean is an important vegetable in most tropical and subtropical countries and is a food source for humans and animals. A survey was carried out on the Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) campus, Narsingdi, Sylhet, Hobigonj, and Mowlovibazar districts of Bangladesh to know the incidence pattern of insect pests of French bean from November 2016 to January 2017. Field screening of nine French bean varieties against major insect pests was conducted in the Regional Horticulture Research Centre, BARI, Shibpur, Narsingdi, from November 2017 to January 2018. Seven varieties viz., BARI Jharsheem-1, BARI Jharsheem-2, BARI Jharsheem-3, Sylhet local- 4, Sylhet local-5, Sylhet local- 6 and Sylhet local-7 were used as study materials to evaluate against major insect pests of French bean under natural field condition. Results revealed that black fungus gnat was first noticed on 13th December, 2016 and the prevalence continued upto the 12th January, 2017. The highest incidence (21/plant) of black fungus gnat was found in Habiganj and the lowest (9/plant) was on the PSTU campus. The highest number of black fungus gnats were captured at 38 DAS (89/trap) and the lowest number (56/trap) of black fungus gnats were at 28 DAS using a yellow sticky trap. The variety BARI Jharshim-3 had the highest population of Black fungus gnats, which indicated that the variety was highly susceptible to Black fungus gnats, while Sylhet local-7 had the lowest population of black fungus gnats indicating least susceptible to Black fungus gnats. Among all tested varieties, none showed complete resistance against black fungus gnats. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 49(1): 1-11, June 2023

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9

Ratulangi, Max Marthen, Jimmy Rimbing, Berty H. Assa, and Frangky Rorong. "Exploring and Identifying the Effects of Entomopathogenic Fungi to Rice black bugs, Scotinophara sp in Rice paddy in Bolaang Monondow." International Journal of ChemTech Research 13, no. 3 (2020): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.130319.

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Scotinophara sp is a major pest that damages rice fields in Bolaang Mongondow. The use of insecticides failed to stop the rice black bugs attacks. Entomopathogenic fungi can be used to reduce rice black bugs population. However, the function of the type of fungus that can eradicate rice black bugs was not yet identified. This experimental research was conducted to identify the types of fungus that attack rice black bugs by taking samples of nymphs and imago attacked by entomopathogenic fungi in Bolaang Mongondow Regency. Sampling of rice black bugs was done 3 times. Koch’s postulates test was employed to see the fungus that infect the rice black bugs. Samples were isolated on PDA media (Patato dextrose agar). Entomopathogenic fungi were purified, then inoculated on healthy rice black bugs. Rice black bugs infected with fungi were isolated again on PDA media. In a mass, of fungus colonies showed reddish white field and after being isolated on PDA media of the colony agregate, entomopathogenic Paecilomyces sp. fungus and Fusarium sp were found. Fungi as pathogenic agent was only found in Paecilomyces sp. The rice black bugs (Scotinophara sp.) were isolated on culture media and inoculation in healthy Scotinophara sp showed the same color of the colony during sampling of Scotinophara sp. infected with fungus. Both fungi were scattered at the location of Scotinophara sp infected with fungi.

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10

Eman A.R. Al-Mazorey and Saleh Easa Mohammad. "Isolation and Identification of Some contaminant fungi and Detection of Aflatoxin in flour and produced bread and loaf in Duhok city." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 21, no. 7 (February 8, 2023): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v21i7.1103.

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This study aimed to isolate and detect some contaminant fungi and its produced mycotoxins on flour and its produced bread and loaf in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, This study included samples of local and imported flour (White & Black), and also the produced bread and loaf. The study showed different species of contaminant fungi , and the fungus Aspergillus flavus was the dominant fungus, which isolated from both the local black flour and Iranian black flour, and fungus Penicillium sp, which isolated from both the local white flour and Iranian black flour, then fungus A.niger, which isolated from Iranian black flour only, and all the samples of produced bread and loaf were free from any contaminant fungi. Investigation of effect of temperature degrees and cultures media on growth of the isolated fungi from flour samples, its cultured characteristics and microscopic picture, showed that this fungus is A.flavus, and there are two isolates (7,9) produced aflatoxin, which are local black flour and black Iranian flour respectively, but agreed with the allowed limits of World Health Organization.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "BLACK FUNGUS"

1

Zhu, Runyao. "Chemical Characterization Of Melanin Extracted From Black Knot Fungus." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1590263699493387.

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2

Pattas, Anastassios. "Host-parasite interactions in the development of black spot of strawberry, incited by Colletofichum acuatatum." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267661.

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3

Nai, Corrado [Verfasser]. "Rock-inhabiting fungi studied with the aid of the model black fungus Knufia petricola A95 and other related strains / Corrado Nai." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054328935/34.

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4

au, B. Bradshaw@Timbercorp com, and Ben Philip Bradshaw. "Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060327.92530.

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The black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.) industry in Australia is relatively new and has enormous potential but some truffières (truffle farms) fail to meet anticipated harvest projections. Inappropriate soil conditions and climate, and the management of such factors are suggested as the primary reasons for inadequate yield. In addition, requirements for ascocarp initiation and development and the role of the host plant in such processes are unknown. This study examines interactions between European hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) black truffle symbiont in a commercial truffière (Hazel Hill) in south-western Australia. Specific studies were initiated to examine the interactions of host physiology, mycorrhizal infection and the interaction with abiotic factors. The study related specific physiological processes of the host plant to the known life cycle of the black truffle to determine the role of the host plant in ascocarp production, if any. The work also examined the effect of silvicultural treatments intended to increase truffle production. A review of existing literature was undertaken to determine the key soil and climatic factors required for successful truffle production. Climatic conditions appeared more important than soil chemistry and structure in Western Australia, with significant seasonal variation in air and soil temperatures required plus irrigation to supplement summer rainfall. This information was used to define areas with potential for truffle production in the south-west of Western Australia: the cooler, high rainfall regions (>1000 mm annual rainfall) where there is sufficient seasonal variation in soil temperature and availability of adequate quantities of quality water for irrigation. Subsurface soil acidification and salinity, as well as groundwater salinity, are constraining factors. Lime amendment is necessary to create sufficiently high pH and CaCO3 levels required by the truffle fungus. A field trial was established to monitor the seasonal C dynamics of European hazel in the context of the life cycle of the black truffle. Maximum translocation of sucrose in the phloem sap coincided with the period of anticipated rapid growth of the truffle ascocarp implicating the use of current photosynthate in C nutrition of the ascocarp. Sampling of non-structural carbohydrates (NC) of above and belowground plant material indicated maximum storage of C in the host coincides with maturation of the ascocarp. These observations provide evidence of a synchronous growth habit of the plant host and the ascocarp. The C allocation patterns of European hazel in response to liming a loamy soil, taken from near the Hazel Hill truffière, and inoculation with ECM fungi (T. melanosporum, Hebeloma sp. and Scleroderma sp.) were examined in a glasshouse pot trial. Liming increased biomass allocation to the shoot and induced deficiencies of phosphorus and manganese. Colonisation by ECM fungi significantly increased net photosynthesis, indicating the sink strength of these fungi, but there was no relationship between the level of mycorrhizal infection and fine root NC. The maximum rate (40 g lime kg-1 soil) reduced infection by Hebeloma and Scleroderma and had no impact on T. melanosporum. Further, infection rates of T. melanosporum did not increase in response to lime suggesting lime is not necessary for ECM development in this soil type. Fertiliser is widely used in commercial truffières in Australia but the consequences for truffle production are unknown. In a field trial, the growth and physiological response of European hazel to forms of phosphorus (34 and 68 kg ha-1 apatite-P and 68 kg ha-1 triple super phosphate -P) and nitrogen (50 kg ha-1 of NO3- and NH4-N) were examined as well as the mycorrhizal response to fertiliser. Apatite-P increased phloem sap sucrose concentrations which was attributed to increased root biomass and associated sink capacity. Fertiliser application did not change fine root NC concentrations suggesting no increase in allocation of C to ECM structures. The highest rate of apatite-P decreased mycorrhizal infection rates of T. melanosporum and, most likely, was the result of increased infection rates of Hebeloma. In contrast to the literature relating to indigenous Australian ECM fungi, the highest rate of soluble-P did not decrease ECM infection rates in T. melanosporum. Nitrogen treatments increased foliar N content and improved gas exchange efficiency of plants, and had no adverse impact on the level of ECM infection. Fertilisation with N significantly increased soil respiration rates suggesting N limits mineralisation at this site. Some truffières manage the canopies of the host tree to ensure maximum exposure of the soil surface in order to increase soil temperatures. As there are no published data on the effect of pruning on black truffle production, a field trial was established to document the impact of canopy pruning on host physiology and soil temperature. The removal of 65% of canopy leaf area reduced phloem sap sucrose concentrations, soil respiration rate and the soluble: insoluble NC ratio of fine roots in the short term (1-3 weeks). There was no compensatory response of leaf gas exchange parameters as a result of pruning. Generally, there was no long term impact on plant physiological parameters as a result of pruning. Long term effects on soil temperature were observed as a result of pruning. Mean annual temperature and amplitude increased significantly beneath pruned trees and spring, summer and autumn soil temperatures increased as did diurnal variation as a result of pruning. Pruning did not increase winter soil temperatures and therefore would probably not impact on ascocarp maturation during this period. This research has provided insight into the C physiology of hazel associated with the black truffle and the consequences for truffle production. The results provide anecdotal evidence of direct C transfer between the host and the developing truffle, contrary to the existing paradigm that the ascocarp is saprotrophic for the majority of its growth and development. There is a need to validate this finding as there are consequences for management of commercial truffières. Liming of loam duplex soils can reduce the abundance of the most common competitor ECM fungi and should be encouraged in commercial truffières. Applying phosphorus and nitrogen to commercial truffières will improve growth rates of planted trees without adversely impacting on ECM infection by black truffle fungi, although the impact on truffle production remains unknown. It is anticipated truffle production will improve in the longer term as a result of pruning and prudent canopy management. Management options should include tree removal to reduce planting density and increase soil exposure in truffières. There is a need for longer term trials to be established to determine the C nutrition of the truffle ascocarp and to clearly define the key stages of the black truffle life cycle in Western Australia.

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5

Read, Peter James. "Epidemiology, effects and control of black dot disease of potato caused by the fungus Colletotrichum coccodes." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359622.

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6

Bradshaw, B. P. "Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melansporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060327.92530.

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7

Bradshaw, Ben Philip. "Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia." Thesis, Bradshaw, Ben Philip (2005) Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/449/.

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Abstract:

The black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.) industry in Australia is relatively new and has enormous potential but some truffieres (truffle farms) fail to meet anticipated harvest projections. Inappropriate soil conditions and climate, and the management of such factors are suggested as the primary reasons for inadequate yield. In addition, requirements for ascocarp initiation and development and the role of the host plant in such processes are unknown. This study examines interactions between European hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) black truffle symbiont in a commercial truffiere (Hazel Hill) in south-western Australia. Specific studies were initiated to examine the interactions of host physiology, mycorrhizal infection and the interaction with abiotic factors. The study related specific physiological processes of the host plant to the known life cycle of the black truffle to determine the role of the host plant in ascocarp production, if any. The work also examined the effect of silvicultural treatments intended to increase truffle production. A review of existing literature was undertaken to determine the key soil and climatic factors required for successful truffle production. Climatic conditions appeared more important than soil chemistry and structure in Western Australia, with significant seasonal variation in air and soil temperatures required plus irrigation to supplement summer rainfall. This information was used to define areas with potential for truffle production in the south-west of Western Australia: the cooler, high rainfall regions (>1000 mm annual rainfall) where there is sufficient seasonal variation in soil temperature and availability of adequate quantities of quality water for irrigation. Subsurface soil acidification and salinity, as well as groundwater salinity, are constraining factors. Lime amendment is necessary to create sufficiently high pH and CaCO3 levels required by the truffle fungus. A field trial was established to monitor the seasonal C dynamics of European hazel in the context of the life cycle of the black truffle. Maximum translocation of sucrose in the phloem sap coincided with the period of anticipated rapid growth of the truffle ascocarp implicating the use of current photosynthate in C nutrition of the ascocarp. Sampling of non-structural carbohydrates (NC) of above and belowground plant material indicated maximum storage of C in the host coincides with maturation of the ascocarp. These observations provide evidence of a synchronous growth habit of the plant host and the ascocarp. The C allocation patterns of European hazel in response to liming a loamy soil, taken from near the Hazel Hill truffiere, and inoculation with ECM fungi (T. melanosporum, Hebeloma sp. and Scleroderma sp.) were examined in a glasshouse pot trial. Liming increased biomass allocation to the shoot and induced deficiencies of phosphorus and manganese. Colonisation by ECM fungi significantly increased net photosynthesis, indicating the sink strength of these fungi, but there was no relationship between the level of mycorrhizal infection and fine root NC. The maximum rate (40 g lime kg-1 soil) reduced infection by Hebeloma and Scleroderma and had no impact on T. melanosporum. Further, infection rates of T. melanosporum did not increase in response to lime suggesting lime is not necessary for ECM development in this soil type. Fertiliser is widely used in commercial truffieres in Australia but the consequences for truffle production are unknown. In a field trial, the growth and physiological response of European hazel to forms of phosphorus (34 and 68 kg ha-1 apatite-P and 68 kg ha-1 triple super phosphate -P) and nitrogen (50 kg ha-1 of NO3- and NH4-N) were examined as well as the mycorrhizal response to fertiliser. Apatite-P increased phloem sap sucrose concentrations which was attributed to increased root biomass and associated sink capacity. Fertiliser application did not change fine root NC concentrations suggesting no increase in allocation of C to ECM structures. The highest rate of apatite-P decreased mycorrhizal infection rates of T. melanosporum and, most likely, was the result of increased infection rates of Hebeloma. In contrast to the literature relating to indigenous Australian ECM fungi, the highest rate of soluble-P did not decrease ECM infection rates in T. melanosporum. Nitrogen treatments increased foliar N content and improved gas exchange efficiency of plants, and had no adverse impact on the level of ECM infection. Fertilisation with N significantly increased soil respiration rates suggesting N limits mineralisation at this site. Some truffieres manage the canopies of the host tree to ensure maximum exposure of the soil surface in order to increase soil temperatures. As there are no published data on the effect of pruning on black truffle production, a field trial was established to document the impact of canopy pruning on host physiology and soil temperature. The removal of 65% of canopy leaf area reduced phloem sap sucrose concentrations, soil respiration rate and the soluble: insoluble NC ratio of fine roots in the short term (1-3 weeks). There was no compensatory response of leaf gas exchange parameters as a result of pruning. Generally, there was no long term impact on plant physiological parameters as a result of pruning. Long term effects on soil temperature were observed as a result of pruning. Mean annual temperature and amplitude increased significantly beneath pruned trees and spring, summer and autumn soil temperatures increased as did diurnal variation as a result of pruning. Pruning did not increase winter soil temperatures and therefore would probably not impact on ascocarp maturation during this period. This research has provided insight into the C physiology of hazel associated with the black truffle and the consequences for truffle production. The results provide anecdotal evidence of direct C transfer between the host and the developing truffle, contrary to the existing paradigm that the ascocarp is saprotrophic for the majority of its growth and development. There is a need to validate this finding as there are consequences for management of commercial truffieres. Liming of loam duplex soils can reduce the abundance of the most common competitor ECM fungi and should be encouraged in commercial truffieres. Applying phosphorus and nitrogen to commercial truffieres will improve growth rates of planted trees without adversely impacting on ECM infection by black truffle fungi, although the impact on truffle production remains unknown. It is anticipated truffle production will improve in the longer term as a result of pruning and prudent canopy management. Management options should include tree removal to reduce planting density and increase soil exposure in truffieres. There is a need for longer term trials to be established to determine the C nutrition of the truffle ascocarp and to clearly define the key stages of the black truffle life cycle in Western Australia.

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8

Bradshaw, Ben Philip. "Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia." Bradshaw, Ben Philip (2005) Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/449/.

Full text

Abstract:

The black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.) industry in Australia is relatively new and has enormous potential but some truffieres (truffle farms) fail to meet anticipated harvest projections. Inappropriate soil conditions and climate, and the management of such factors are suggested as the primary reasons for inadequate yield. In addition, requirements for ascocarp initiation and development and the role of the host plant in such processes are unknown. This study examines interactions between European hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) black truffle symbiont in a commercial truffiere (Hazel Hill) in south-western Australia. Specific studies were initiated to examine the interactions of host physiology, mycorrhizal infection and the interaction with abiotic factors. The study related specific physiological processes of the host plant to the known life cycle of the black truffle to determine the role of the host plant in ascocarp production, if any. The work also examined the effect of silvicultural treatments intended to increase truffle production. A review of existing literature was undertaken to determine the key soil and climatic factors required for successful truffle production. Climatic conditions appeared more important than soil chemistry and structure in Western Australia, with significant seasonal variation in air and soil temperatures required plus irrigation to supplement summer rainfall. This information was used to define areas with potential for truffle production in the south-west of Western Australia: the cooler, high rainfall regions (>1000 mm annual rainfall) where there is sufficient seasonal variation in soil temperature and availability of adequate quantities of quality water for irrigation. Subsurface soil acidification and salinity, as well as groundwater salinity, are constraining factors. Lime amendment is necessary to create sufficiently high pH and CaCO3 levels required by the truffle fungus. A field trial was established to monitor the seasonal C dynamics of European hazel in the context of the life cycle of the black truffle. Maximum translocation of sucrose in the phloem sap coincided with the period of anticipated rapid growth of the truffle ascocarp implicating the use of current photosynthate in C nutrition of the ascocarp. Sampling of non-structural carbohydrates (NC) of above and belowground plant material indicated maximum storage of C in the host coincides with maturation of the ascocarp. These observations provide evidence of a synchronous growth habit of the plant host and the ascocarp. The C allocation patterns of European hazel in response to liming a loamy soil, taken from near the Hazel Hill truffiere, and inoculation with ECM fungi (T. melanosporum, Hebeloma sp. and Scleroderma sp.) were examined in a glasshouse pot trial. Liming increased biomass allocation to the shoot and induced deficiencies of phosphorus and manganese. Colonisation by ECM fungi significantly increased net photosynthesis, indicating the sink strength of these fungi, but there was no relationship between the level of mycorrhizal infection and fine root NC. The maximum rate (40 g lime kg-1 soil) reduced infection by Hebeloma and Scleroderma and had no impact on T. melanosporum. Further, infection rates of T. melanosporum did not increase in response to lime suggesting lime is not necessary for ECM development in this soil type. Fertiliser is widely used in commercial truffieres in Australia but the consequences for truffle production are unknown. In a field trial, the growth and physiological response of European hazel to forms of phosphorus (34 and 68 kg ha-1 apatite-P and 68 kg ha-1 triple super phosphate -P) and nitrogen (50 kg ha-1 of NO3- and NH4-N) were examined as well as the mycorrhizal response to fertiliser. Apatite-P increased phloem sap sucrose concentrations which was attributed to increased root biomass and associated sink capacity. Fertiliser application did not change fine root NC concentrations suggesting no increase in allocation of C to ECM structures. The highest rate of apatite-P decreased mycorrhizal infection rates of T. melanosporum and, most likely, was the result of increased infection rates of Hebeloma. In contrast to the literature relating to indigenous Australian ECM fungi, the highest rate of soluble-P did not decrease ECM infection rates in T. melanosporum. Nitrogen treatments increased foliar N content and improved gas exchange efficiency of plants, and had no adverse impact on the level of ECM infection. Fertilisation with N significantly increased soil respiration rates suggesting N limits mineralisation at this site. Some truffieres manage the canopies of the host tree to ensure maximum exposure of the soil surface in order to increase soil temperatures. As there are no published data on the effect of pruning on black truffle production, a field trial was established to document the impact of canopy pruning on host physiology and soil temperature. The removal of 65% of canopy leaf area reduced phloem sap sucrose concentrations, soil respiration rate and the soluble: insoluble NC ratio of fine roots in the short term (1-3 weeks). There was no compensatory response of leaf gas exchange parameters as a result of pruning. Generally, there was no long term impact on plant physiological parameters as a result of pruning. Long term effects on soil temperature were observed as a result of pruning. Mean annual temperature and amplitude increased significantly beneath pruned trees and spring, summer and autumn soil temperatures increased as did diurnal variation as a result of pruning. Pruning did not increase winter soil temperatures and therefore would probably not impact on ascocarp maturation during this period. This research has provided insight into the C physiology of hazel associated with the black truffle and the consequences for truffle production. The results provide anecdotal evidence of direct C transfer between the host and the developing truffle, contrary to the existing paradigm that the ascocarp is saprotrophic for the majority of its growth and development. There is a need to validate this finding as there are consequences for management of commercial truffieres. Liming of loam duplex soils can reduce the abundance of the most common competitor ECM fungi and should be encouraged in commercial truffieres. Applying phosphorus and nitrogen to commercial truffieres will improve growth rates of planted trees without adversely impacting on ECM infection by black truffle fungi, although the impact on truffle production remains unknown. It is anticipated truffle production will improve in the longer term as a result of pruning and prudent canopy management. Management options should include tree removal to reduce planting density and increase soil exposure in truffieres. There is a need for longer term trials to be established to determine the C nutrition of the truffle ascocarp and to clearly define the key stages of the black truffle life cycle in Western Australia.

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Neu, Enzo [Verfasser]. "Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the interaction of roses with the black spot fungus Diplocarpon rosae / Enzo Neu." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1171467281/34.

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Moorhouse, Edwin Roland. "The potential of the entomogenous fungus Metarhizum anisopliae as a microbial control agent of the black vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus." Thesis, Online version, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.278943.

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Books on the topic "BLACK FUNGUS"

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Patton, Jayla. Fungus Queen. [Pittsburgh, PA]: The author, 2016.

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Florian, Klaus, Inge Ludescher, Oliver Doetzer-Berweger, and Jörg Eberhard. Klaus Florian: Block P., Fundus, Habitate, Deep Water, Aroma. Bönen (Westfalen): Druckverlag Kettler, 2011.

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Stanosz, Glen R. Leafspot of black cherry. Broomall, Pa.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Area, 1992.

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Wilson, Jill. Analysis of black point in wheat. Geraldton: Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, 1993.

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Hunt, R. S. Black stain root disease. Victoria, B.C: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, 1995.

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Kessler, Kenneth J. How to identify and control black walnut Mycosphaerella leaf spot. St. Paul, Minn: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1985.

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Alfredo Wagner Berno de Almeida. Terras de quilombos, terra indígenas, 'babaçuais livres", "castanhais do povo", faxinais e fundos de pastos: Terras tradicionalmente ocupadas. 2nd ed. Manaus, AM: Projeto Nova Cartografia Social da Amazônia, 2008.

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Alfredo Wagner Berno de Almeida. Terras de quilombos, terra indígenas, 'babaçuais livres", "castanhais do povo", faxinais e fundos de pastos: Terras tradicionalmente ocupadas. 2nd ed. Manaus, AM: Projeto Nova Cartografia Social da Amazônia, 2008.

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Montana. Dept. of Commerce. CDBG program income and revolving loan fund manual. Helena, Mont: Montana Department of Commerce, 1996.

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Montana. Dept. of Commerce. Community Development Block Grant program: Program income and revolving loan fund manual. Helena, Mont: Montana Dept. of Commerce, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "BLACK FUNGUS"

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Snook, Maurice E., Orestes T. Chortyk, and Alex S. Csinos. "Black Shank Disease Fungus." In ACS Symposium Series, 388–98. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0449.ch027.

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Fu, Hui-Vin, and Den-En Shieh. "Changes in Some Components of Tea Fungus Fermented Black Tea." In ACS Symposium Series, 307–15. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2003-0859.ch023.

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Tadepalli, Sameeksha Haripriya, and Usha Singh. "Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis—The Bane of the ‘Black Fungus’." In Delineating Health and Health System: Mechanistic Insights into Covid 19 Complications, 195–207. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5105-2_11.

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Santos, Cledir, Paula Galeano, Reginaldo Lima Neto, Manoel Marques Evangelista Oliveira, and Nelson Lima. "MALDI-TOF MS and its requirements for fungal identification." In Trends in the systematics of bacteria and fungi, 119–40. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244984.0119.

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Abstract Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is now used as a routine technique for the fast and reliable identification of fungi at the species level and, currently, it represents an important phenotypic methodology based on proteomic profiles. The main limitations to MALDI-TOF MS for fungal identification are related to sample quality (e.g. quality of biological material such as rigidity or pigmentation of cell walls), sample preparation (e.g. the myriad of sample preparation methodologies that deliver different data sets to different MALDI-TOF MS databases) and the databases themselves (e.g. the 'black-box' commercial databases). This chapter presents an overview and discussion of the use of MALDI-TOF MS for fungal identification. The major known limitations of the technique for fungal taxonomy, and how to overcome these, are also discussed.

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Grube, Martin, Lucia Muggia, and Cene Gostinčar. "Niches and Adaptations of Polyextremotolerant Black Fungi." In Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, 551–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6488-0_25.

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Ametrano, Claudio Gennaro, Lucia Muggia, and Martin Grube. "Extremotolerant Black Fungi from Rocks and Lichens." In Fungi in Extreme Environments: Ecological Role and Biotechnological Significance, 119–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19030-9_7.

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McGinnis, Michael R. "Black Fungi: A Model for Understanding Tropical Mycosis." In Global Infectious Diseases, 129–49. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3449-8_8.

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Heperkan, Dilek, Burçak E. Meriç, Gölçin Sismanoglu, Gözde Dalkiliç, and Funda K. Güler. "Mycobiota, mycotoxigenic fungi, and citrinin production in black olives." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 203–10. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28391-9_13.

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Liang, YiTao, WeiYang Lu, YuanKun Zhu, and Rui Pang. "Sub-block Size on Impact of Fundus Image Noise Estimate." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 413–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25986-9_64.

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Szaniszlo, Paul J. "Virulence Factors in Black Molds with Emphasis on Melanin, Chitin, and Wangiella as a Molecularly Tractable Model." In Molecular Principles of Fungal Pathogenesis, 407–28. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815776.ch28.

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Conference papers on the topic "BLACK FUNGUS"

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Zheleznyakov, S. V., V. K. Lebedeva, T. V. Kalinina, A. P. Kozhemyakov, and L. M. Jacobi. "Analysis of Pseudomonas fluorescens inoculation effect on the work of mycorrhiza formed on black medic by arbuscular fungi differing in symbiotic activity." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.288.

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The influence of rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens, as well as four species of fungi from the Glomeromycota phylum on the productivity of black medic in mono - and double (fungus + bacteria) inoculation was studied. A high dependence of the results on the symbiotic activity of mycosymbiont was established.

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Hasan, Md Imran, Nosin Ibna Mahbub, and Bappa Sarkar. "Identification of Black Fungus Diseases Using CNN and Transfer-Learning Approach." In ICCA 2022: 2nd International Conference on Computing Advancements. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3542954.3542972.

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Dusa, Dinesh, and Mallikarjuna Rao Gundavarapu. "Smart Framework for Black Fungus Detection using VGG 19 Deep Learning Approach." In 2022 8th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccs54159.2022.9785123.

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Wang, Chunying, and Chunliang Zhang. "Research on the Preference of Consumers for Black Fungus Based on Conjoint Analysis Approach." In 2018 2nd International Conference on Education Science and Economic Management (ICESEM 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icesem-18.2018.132.

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Zeleneva J.V., J. V., and V. P. Sudnikova V.P. "Characteristic of the zimoseptoria tritici population by virulence in the of the Central Black Soil region of Russia." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-16.

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Based on the analysis of the intraspecific structure of the fungus Zimoseptoria. tritici, it was found that this species has significant polymorphism. Using monogenic wheat lines (Oasis (Stb1), Veranopolis (Stb2), Israel (Stb3), Tadinia (Stb4), CS / Synthetic (Stb5), Estanzuela Federal (Stb7)), the population of Z. tritici in the Central Black Earth region was tested. High heterogeneity of monosporous isolates of Z. tritici by virulence was revealed.

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Feng, Jincheng, and Zheng Yao. "Hole Opening Number of Black Fungus Bags and Optimal Design of Cutters by Artificial Intelligent." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Computation, Big-Data and Engineering (ICCBE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccbe56101.2022.9888182.

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Preethi, S., and G. Ashvika Saroja. "Comparison of various Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms in Sentiment Analysis of Tweets on Black Fungus." In 2021 12th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt51525.2021.9580094.

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Charan, Panthangi Venkata Sai, and G. Ramkumar. "Black Fungus Classification using Adaboost with SVM-based classifier and Compare accuracy with Support Vector Machine." In 2022 5th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic3i56241.2022.10072559.

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Charan, Panthangi Venkata Sai, and G. Ramkumar. "A Novel Deep Learning based Black Fungus Detection using the Bagging Ensemble with K-Nearest Neighbor." In 2022 5th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic3i56241.2022.10072645.

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Yurkov, A. P., A. A. Kryukov, A. O. Gorbunova, L. M. Jacobi, N. I. Vorobiev, and M. F. Shishova. "THE EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS RHIZOPHAGUS IRREGULARIS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK MEDICK UNDER PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY CONDITIONS." In The All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-840-843.

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Reports on the topic "BLACK FUNGUS"

1

Carrión-Tavárez, Ángel. From NAP to SNAP: A Bridge to Economic Liberty for Residents of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico Institute for Economic Liberty, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/13584001.

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This paper explains the origin, characteristics, and operation of the United States federal government’s block grant currently received by Puerto Rico to operate a nutrition assistance program. We compare its limitations with the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit system. We analyze the possible change from the block grant to SNAP, and the potential of this program to enable more people to work and provide for themselves and their families. The effect on the economic activity of the federal funds allocated for the reconstruction and construction of infrastructure on the Island is considered. Finally, we discuss how SNAP incentives could create favorable conditions for the labor force participation rate to rise and what this means for the economic liberty of the people of Puerto Rico.

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Carrión-Tavárez, Ángel. From NAP to SNAP: A Bridge to Economic Liberty for Residents of Puerto Rico (An Update). Institute for Economic Liberty, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/13584007.

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This paper updates and modifies "From NAP to SNAP: A Bridge to Economic Liberty for Residents of Puerto Rico." As the original document, this paper explains the origin, characteristics, and operation of the United States federal government’s block grant currently received by Puerto Rico to operate a nutrition assistance program. We compare its limitations with the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit system. We analyze the possible change from the block grant to SNAP, and the potential of this program to enable more people to work and provide for themselves and their families. The effect on the economic activity of the federal funds allocated for the reconstruction and construction of infrastructure on the Island is considered. Finally, we discuss how SNAP incentives could create favorable conditions for the labor force participation rate to rise and what this means for the economic liberty of the people of Puerto Rico.

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Kawalkar, Aisha, Himanshu Srivastava, and Ruchi Shevade. Voices from the Margins: Exploring Possibilities of Connecting Formal Education to the Funds of Knowledge owned by Adivasi Communities in the Kesla Block of Madhya Pradesh. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/tesf0405.2023.

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The Adivasis or the Scheduled Tribes (STs) are a significant segment of the Indian population, not just because they form a sizeable proportion of it, but also as a group with rich and varied cultural heritage. Despite constitutional provisions for their welfare and development, and protection against violence to their languages and cultures, they are historically the most marginalised communities in the country and lag way behind in terms of various socio-economic indicators, including health and education. Ironically, the Indian education system has been a significant factor in the marginalisation and invisibilisation of Adivasi interests.

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Study on the Development of New Biopesticide to Control Pathogen Fungi and Nematode Damaged Black Pepper in Vietnam. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56669/gvcb6290.

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