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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Black files

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Academic literature on the topic 'Black files'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Black files"

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Biemann, Ursula. "Black Sea files." Multitudes 28, no. 1 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mult.028.0001.

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Fryer, Roland G., and Michael Greenstone. "The Changing Consequences of Attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 116–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.2.1.116.

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Using nationally representative data files from 1970s and 1990s college attendees, we find that in the 1970s matriculation at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) was associated with higher wages and an increased probability of graduation, relative to attending a traditionally white institution. By the 1990s, there is a wage penalty resulting in a 20 percent decline in the relative wages of HBCU graduates between the two decades. There is modest support for the possibility that the relative decline in wages associated with HBCU matriculation is partially due to improvements in TWIs' effectiveness at educating blacks. (JEL I23, J15, J24, J31)

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Li, Tingyu. "Small Search Engine based on Red and Black Tree." Scientific Journal of Technology 5, no. 8 (August 22, 2023): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/sjt.v5i8.5495.

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This procedure uses C + + language to achieve a small search engine each part, including search, analysis, index, query four processes. And establish corresponding data files to speed up the follow-up query. The data structure used is mainly red and black trees. The algorithms used include multi-channel merge sorting (loser tree optimization) and tf-idf algorithm.

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Borucki, Alex. "Shipmate Networks and Black Identities in the Marriage Files of Montevideo, 1768–1803." Hispanic American Historical Review 93, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 205–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2077135.

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Abstract The experience of enslaved Africans in the Atlantic crossing redefined the meanings of the nomenclature emerging from the slave trade. Under violent conditions, captives developed networks with shipmates on board slave vessels. These ties survived for decades if shipmates stayed together in the same region, as they did in Montevideo. Shipmate ties represented a living connection for Africans not only with their experience in the Atlantic crossing but also with their homelands. Shipmates provided support to their fellows when they needed trusted associates, as the marriage files of Montevideo clearly demonstrate. Enslaved Africans commonly asked fellow shipmates to testify about their past when marrying into the Catholic Church. Marriage files contain data on the routes Africans took across the Atlantic and the Americas. They indicate the origins of the groom, bride, and witnesses, their shared itineraries, and how these itineraries changed over time. Thus they reveal patterns of geographical mobility and networks created by common experiences. Marriage files can be easily quantified, which allows us to track historical trends. At the same time, each file offers a unique story. A close reading of these stories contextualizes the experiences of slaves in the Catholic Americas and underscores common patterns in ways that lie beyond quantification.

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Flowe, Douglas J. "“Fighting and Cutting and Shooting, and Carrying On”: Saloons, Dives, and the Black “Tough” in Manhattan’s Tenderloin, 1890-1917." Journal of Urban History 45, no. 5 (June 8, 2018): 925–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144218779368.

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Most historical studies of early twentieth-century American saloons focus on white ethnic immigrants and largely neglect black drinking dives. To understand the significance of saloons to African Americans it is necessary to differentiate the black experience from the dominant historical narrative. Scrutinizing the media depiction of black male Tenderloin residents as “toughs” I question whether some black men refashioned masculinity with public acts of mayhem, a purposefully heedless perspective, and a willingness to disregard the law. Employing countless media accounts, prison case files, trial transcripts, and correspondence between saloon owners and progressive organizations I argue that black saloons became centers of licit and illicit economies and physical spaces where black men reimagined their masculine identities.

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Fan, Jie, Peng Gao, Cong Cong Shi, and Ni Ge Li. "Research on Combine White-Box Testing and Black-Box Testing of Web Applications Security." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 4542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4542.

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Contrary to high false positives rate of use White-box testing tools for Web application source code security and unable to locate vulnerabilities of use Black-box testing tools for Web application security, propose an effective method for combine White-box and Black-box testing tools of Web applications. This method will put the new technology of “Associated Files Matching Engine” into White-box testing tools, this test result and Black-box test result will be statistical analyzed and combined. Argumentation show, this method reduce the positives rate of White-box test result and be able to locate vulnerabilities where it is in file.

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Peoples, James, and Lisa Saunders. "Trucking Deregulation and the Black/White Wage Gap." ILR Review 47, no. 1 (October 1993): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399304700102.

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The only previous study of the effect of product market deregulation on the black/white wage gap found that this gap in the trucking industry declined after trucking deregulation in 1978. That study did not, however, estimate the separate effects of deregulation on union and nonunion members or on black and white drivers. This study does so through an analysis of individual worker information from the March and May CPS files for the years 1973 through 1988. The authors find that deregulation is associated with significantly declining black/white wage gaps among both union and nonunion drivers. This wage pattern is attributable to significant reductions in the real wages of white drivers; the real wages of black drivers did not change with deregulation.

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Polotai, O., O. Belej, and N. Maltseva. "PHYSICAL CONTENT OF COMPUTER STEGANOGRAPHY." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 23 (June 30, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.23.2021.04.

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Introduction. The development of computer technology has given a new impetus to the use of computer steganography. However, it is important to understand the physical content of this type of steganography.Purpose. The work aims to describe the practical use and physical content of the phenomenon of computer steganography, the results of the study on the hiding of files in the stegocontainer.Results. Describes the main ns currently computer steganography methods are actively used to solve the following tasks: Protection of confidential information from unauthorized access, overcoming monitoring and management of net-work resources, software camouflage, copyright protection, which is manifested in the use of digital watermarks, is one of the most promising areas of computer steganography. Among the methods of hiding information in images, the most common is the category of algorithms using the lower bits of the image data. They are considered in this paper. These algorithms are based on the fact that in some file formats, the lower bits of the values, although present in the file, but do not affect a person's perception of sound or image. The steganographic software S-Tools was chosen for the study. We created two test monotonous images with the size of 50 × 50 pixels in 24-bit bmp format to analyze the peculiarities of the placement of stego-data in container files. We chose black and white images for the study. A text file was hidden in each of the images, after which the reverse action was performed - extracting the file. As a result of hiding, two stego files were obtained. The paper compared the binary content of the original images and files containing private data. For comparison, the binary content of the black square image and the contents of the stegocontainer with a latent text file are given. Note that the contents of the container and the stego file are only partially listed, but the addresses of the memory cells have selected accordingly. The right column shows the contents of the memory cells in hexadecimal format. The bytes that display the colour of the square are set to "00" because the original image contains only black. We noted that the contents of the cells responsible for the image changed after hiding additional data (this reflected by cells with values of "01"). The paper also describes the procedure for hiding a group of different types of files. During the study, we found that the image file (1920 × 1080 pixels) with a volume of 6,220,854 bytes can hide 777,584 bytes of information.Conclusion. When using steganography, the program uses some algorithms that hide confidential data among the contents of the container: bits of the hidden file replace the bits of the original file at random positions. Thus, the size of the source file and the container file (containing the attached information) is the same, even if you hide a different number of files or different amounts of data.

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Mastley, Carrie P. "Representation of Black History in Archives: A Collection-Centered Quantitative Analysis of the Billups-Garth Archive." Open Information Science 4, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opis-2020-0014.

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AbstractThis pilot study presents a collection-centered quantitative analysis of Black history resources available at the Billups-Garth Archive in Columbus, Mississippi. The Archive’s inventory lists for its record series and control files for its manuscript collections were assessed in order to determine the percentage of extant Black history resources in relation to the collection’s total holdings. Relevant collections were then evaluated to determine their mediums, subjects, and provenance. The results showed a dearth of collections related to Black history and indicated that very few were created by the Black community. Results also showed that most relevant resources were made up of textual documents as well as documents relating to everyday life and education. Overall, this study demonstrates how collection analyses may be undertaken to identify collection biases and collection deficiencies, especially deficiencies in representing the histories of marginalized communities.

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Lowery, Patrick G., John D. Burrow, and Robert J. Kaminski. "A Multilevel Test of the Racial Threat Hypothesis in One State’s Juvenile Court." Crime & Delinquency 64, no. 1 (November 30, 2016): 53–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128716678192.

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Noting the paucity of research on the racial threat hypothesis in the juvenile courts, this study examined the interplay of defendant characteristics and country-level characteristics on dispositions. Data were retrieved from the Department of Juvenile Justice files in South Carolina and were analyzed using multinomial logistic hierarchical linear modeling. Results revealed support for the racial threat hypothesis, as racial inequity operated in a different manner (more punitively) for Black defendants. Larger Black populations in counties also led to an increased use of punitive sanctions. In addition, concentrated disadvantage effects were found, and heightened levels of teenage population led to higher incarceration rates for Black defendants. Limitations of this study, implications for stakeholders/practitioners, and directions for future research are discussed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Black files"

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Henry, Willie. "Studies on the salivary gland chromosomes of some species of black files (diptera : simuliidae ) from Darjeeling." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1005.

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Pilo, Baptiste. "Émergence et essor du Black Metal en Norvège entre 1991 et 1999 : histoire, imaginaire, idéologie, musique." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2020thesePiloB.pdf.

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Ce travail de thèse propose de revenir sur un sous-genre du Metal Extrême, le Black Metal, dans le pays où il a émergé et durant la décennie qui l’a vu prendre son essor, à savoir la Norvège et les années 1990. Aucun travail du même ordre n'ayant jamais été effectué sur le sujet, nous souhaitons combler le vide existant. Premièrement, par une recherche historique poussée, en particulier sur les relations entre les différents acteurs. Deuxièmement, par une analyse des idéologies et imaginaires portés par le Black Metal en Norvège. Troisièmement, par une analyse de sa musique ainsi que celle de la réception du Black Metal
This research proposes to examine a subgenre of Extreme Metal, Black Metal, in the country where it emerged and during the decade that saw its rise, namely Norway and the 1990s. As no similar work has ever been done on the subject, we wish to fill the existing void. Firstly, through extensive historical research, in particular on the relations between the different actors of this network. Secondly, by an analysis of the ideologies and imaginations carried by Black Metal in Norway.Thirdly, through an analysis of its music and the more general reception of Black Metal

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Ivansson, Dennis. "Monochrome Films in the Classroom : An Investigation of Black-and-white films in Swedish Junior High Schools." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-37095.

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The focus of this essay is to investigate if old monochrome films can be beneficial to use in the classroom. The aim is to research how (if at all) old monochrome films can affect students’ possibilities of learning from film. To investigate this matter, three fields will be of interest: First, how students respond to films according to ideas of identity; secondly, how films teach students about history; third and finally, qualities of monochrome films and how students might understand and relate to them. The findings in this essay suggest that old monochrome films are viable to use in the classroom, as they can teach students about history and previous cultures by being created in history themselves. The essay also suggests that old black-and-white films and newer films are quite similar, suggesting that monochrome films are just as adequate material to use in the classroom as newer films.

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Shah, Ali, Petri Stenberg, Lasse Karvonen, Rizwan Ali, Seppo Honkanen, Harri Lipsanen, N. Peyghambarian, Markku Kuittinen, Yuri Svirko, and Tommi Kaplas. "Pyrolytic carbon coated black silicon." NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614762.

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Carbon is the most well-known black material in the history of man. Throughout the centuries, carbon has been used as a black material for paintings, camouflage, and optics. Although, the techniques to make other black surfaces have evolved and become more sophisticated with time, carbon still remains one of the best black materials. Another well-known black surface is black silicon, reflecting less than 0.5% of incident light in visible spectral range but becomes a highly reflecting surface in wavelengths above 1000 nm. On the other hand, carbon absorbs at those and longer wavelengths. Thus, it is possible to combine black silicon with carbon to create an artificial material with very low reflectivity over a wide spectral range. Here we report our results on coating conformally black silicon substrate with amorphous pyrolytic carbon. We present a superior black surface with reflectance of light less than 0.5% in the spectral range of 350 nm to 2000 nm.

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McGregor, Anthony James. "Block-Based Distributed File Systems." The University of Waikato, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2607.

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Distributed file systems have become popular because they allow information to be shared be between computers in a natural way. A distributed file system often forms a central building block in a distributed system. Currently most distributed file systems are built using a communications interface that transfers messages about files between machines. This thesis proposes a different, lower level, communications interface. This `block-based' interface exchanges information about the blocks that make up the file but not about the files themselves. No other distributed file system is built this way. By demonstrating that a distributed file system can be implemented in a block-based manner, this thesis opens the way for many advances in distributed file systems. These include a reduction of the processing required at the server, uniformity in managing file blocks and fine-grained placement and replication of data. The simple communications model also lends itself to efficient implementation both at the server and in the communications protocols that support the interface. These advantages come at the cost of a more complex client implementation and the need for a lower level consistency mechanism. A block-based distributed file system (BB-NFS) has been implemented. BB-NFS provides the Unix file system interface and demonstrates the feasibility and implementability of the block-based approach. Experience with the implementation lead to the development of a lock cache mechanism which gives a large improvement in the performance of the prototype. Although it has not been directly measured it is plausible that the prototype will perform better than the file based approach. The block-based approach has much to offer future distributed file system developers. This thesis introduces the approach and its advantages, demonstrates its feasibility and shows that it can be implemented in a way that performs well.

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van, den Akker Anno. "Anisotropic Thermal Physics in Suspended Black Phosphorus Thin Films." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1529066181060317.

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Finlay, Christine School of Sociology &amp Anthropology UNSW. "Smokescreen : black/white/male/female bravery and southeast Australian bushfires." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology and Anthropology, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23006.

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Black/white/male/female struggles over knowledge correctness and who is brave are examined inductively in the field of bushfires. The paradoxes of a white male icon are linked to contradictions in gender theories in disaster. In mainstream literature, assumptions of innate white male superiority in bravery justify white women???s diminution and white male domination. In feminist theory, women???s diminution is the problem and their bravery for struggling against hegemony applauded. Philosophies of bravery are explored in 104 semistructured interviews and 12 months??? fieldwork as a volunteer bushfirefighter. There is great variety in the ways volunteers cope with bushfires. However, evidence of white male hegemony emerges when volunteers complain of state and territory indifference to preventing property and environmental damage and injury and death. Evidence is examined that Indigenous Australians once managed bushfires better than a sprawl of bureaucracy. Bushfire service claims that Aborigines knew nothing about hazard reductions are contradicted. This debate over bushfire management leads to the discovery of a third epistemology breaking with claims of white male iconic bravery and bureaucratic mastery. To generalise about the habitus of claims to knowledge and bravery, I analyse Newcastle Herald articles from 1881-1981. Three competing knowledge fields and their associated struggles are examined; Indigenous Australians and white womens??? emancipatory struggles confront data on bushfirefighting. Bushfires emerge as a serious problem, a bureaucratic power base and a white male icon from the 1920s.

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Doughty, Ruth. "Scoring a black aesthetic : music in the films of Spike Lee." Thesis, Keele University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412510.

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Grusecki, Travis R. "Improving block sharing in the Write Anywhere File Layout file system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76818.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 41).
It is often useful in modern file systems for several files to share one or more data blocks. Block sharing is used to improve storage utilization by storing only one copy of a block shared by multiple files or volumes. This thesis proposes an approach, called Space Maker, which uses garbage collection techniques to simplify the up-front cost of file system operations, moving some of the more difficult block tracking work, such as the work required to clean-up after a file delete, to a back-end garbage collector. Space Maker was developed on top of the WAFL file system used in NetApp hardware. The Space Maker is shown to have fast scan performance, while decreasing the front-end time to delete files. Other operations, like file creates and writes have similar performance to a baseline system. Under Space Maker, block sharing is simplified, making a possible for new file system features that rely on sharing to be implemented more quickly with good performance.
by Travis R. Grusecki.
M.Eng.

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Dudrah, Rajinder Kumar. "British South Asian identities and the popular cultures of British bhangra music, bollywood films and Zee TV in Birmingham." Thesis, Online version, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.343431.

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Books on the topic "Black files"

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O'Reilly, Kenneth. Black Americans: The FBI files. New York: Carroll & Graf, 1994.

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Mubaraka, Youssef Sitamon, ed. Marcus Garvey: The F.B.I. investigation files. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1998.

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The Black Dahlia files: The mob, the mogul, and the murder that transfixed Los Angeles. New York: ReganBooks, 2005.

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Press, Disney, ed. The secret files of the East India Trading Company. New York: Disney Press, 2007.

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Luo, Qing. Hei se dang an: Shi jie he wei ji jie mi = Black files : the inside story of the world's nuclear crisis. Beijing: Chang hong chu ban she, 2001.

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Blacks in black and white: A source book on Black films. 2nd ed. Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow press, 1995.

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Neyland, Leedell W. Unquenchable black fires. Tallahassee, Fla: Leney Educational and Pub., 1994.

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Samba black book. Scottsdale, AZ: Coriolis Group Books, 2000.

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Eastman Kodak Company. Professional Photography Division., ed. Kodak professional black-and-white films. Rochester, NY: Silver Pixel Press, 1998.

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Eastman Kodak Company. Professional Photography Division., ed. Kodak professional black-and-white films. Rochester, N.Y: Professional Photography Division, Eastman Kodak Co., 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Black files"

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Bearce, Stephanie. "Black Bart." In Top Secret Files, 51–55. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003239161-17.

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Bearce, Stephanie. "The Black Dispatch." In Top Secret Files, 8–11. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003239185-3.

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Bearce, Stephanie. "The Black Hand." In Top Secret Files, 2–5. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003239215-2.

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Bearce, Stephanie. "The Black Swallow." In Top Secret Files, 100–102. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003239215-40.

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Bearce, Stephanie. "The Legend of the Black Gaesars." In Top Secret Files, 63–66. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003239161-20.

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Schlüpmann, Heide. "Ein feministischer Blick." In Geschichte des deutschen Films, 465–78. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-02918-8_14.

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Schlüpmann, Heide. "Ein feministischer Blick." In Geschichte des deutschen Films, 511–24. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-02919-5_15.

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Womack, Ytasha L. "Future Rhythms in Afrofuturist Films." In Black Cinema & Visual Culture, 152–60. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003079682-12.

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McGrath, Jason. "Black Cannon Incident: Countering the Counter-espionage Fantasy." In Chinese Films in Focus II, 25–31. London: British Film Institute, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-92280-2_4.

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Watson, Elwood. "The Fires of Racial Discontent are Still Burning! Intensely!" In Violence Against Black Bodies, 17–37. 1st edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, [2017]: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315408705-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Black files"

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Limchuchua, Kittipong, Sawatdiwong Sarisittitham, Pichaya Ruthairung, Jugkapun Whangkitjamorn, Nuddanet Sikharin, Nitshakhan Jitpipatpong, and Pannayod Kritsadativud. "Tight Reservoir Automatic 3D-Modelling Generator: Turning Complicated into Effortless Application." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22965-ea.

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Abstract Because tight reservoir has become important energy resources in sustaining production, PTTEP has recently evaluated a number of these reservoirs. For development plan optimization and resources estimation, 3D-modelling is the most efficient tool. However, the complicated workflow usually impedes inexperienced users to work with reservoir simulation. This study aims to construct an automatic 3D-modelling generator which could handle the tight reservoir. This would allow non-simulation expert to construct any 3D models for further simulation study. In this study, black oil simulation model is selected for simplicity. A generic multi-layer tight reservoir model is consisted of cartesian grids with the local grid refinement (LGR) at a well location to capture flow regime near a hydraulic fracture. The user interface tabs contain input spreadsheet for grid design, rock and fluid properties, initial conditions, well completion, and production schedule. Then, the script files with black oil simulator keywords will be generated. The capability to adjust all the input data is finally introduced to ensure user-friendly interface before finalizing the script files to simulation software without any complication with the simulation keywords. With the created Tight Reservoir Automatic 3D-Modelling Generator, all complicated workflows (the black oil simulator keywords and structure) are handled. The 3D modelling for tight reservoir does not require highly experienced user anymore. Also, neither high expertise in simulation nor programming is required. The generator provides user friendly interface with full capability of automatic multi-layer model construction. It also can handle any kind of fluid system (oil/gas/water and saturated/undersaturated reservoir), and the presence of a hydraulic fracture in any specific layers. In terms of the well and production control, it provides the option frequently used e.g., control BHP, control THP, control flow rate. This generator has been used in several PTTEP projects which have proven the success of the application. Currently, for the high-level field evaluation of the tight reservoir, any inexperienced user could construct the 3D model for their usage without having to request support from the simulation team. Regarding this advantage, there has been measurable manpower saving for model construction. Therefore, user could have more time to focus on engineering analysis such as sensitivity study on relevant parameters or production forecast and optimization which ultimately bring the best value for the project evaluation. Although commercial software may be available, they require costs and learning. Also, that software may not fully fit with specific objective. With in-house development of this pre-processer modeling tool, the interface is proven to be ease of use and fit-for-purpose with no additional cost. Further improvement would easily be performed. The concept of coupling the familiar user interface with reservoir simulator could be extended to other opportunity not only in PTTEP, but also anywhere else.

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Prodanov, Bogdan, Valentina Todorova, Lyubomir Dimitrov, and Radoslava Bekova. "LOSS OF NATURAL SEABED AND BENTHIC HABITATS ALONG THE BULGARIAN BLACK SEA COAST AS A CONSEQUENCE OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/3.1/s15.46.

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The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is a framework for collective action in the marine environmental policy established by Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and the Council on 17 June 2008. It calls for EU Member States to create national marine strategies to achieve good environmental status (GES) by 2020 or to maintain it in areas where it already exists. Five factors are laid out in Commission Decision (EU) 2017/848 for GES assessment in regard to a number of broad habitat types, as two of them were assessed in the article. Criterion D6C1 represents the spatial extent and distribution of physical loss of the natural seabed. Criterion D6C4 estimates the extent of loss of the habitat types resulting from anthropogenic pressures that should not exceed a specified proportion of the natural extent of the habitat types in the assessment areas. These criteria were evaluated for five coastal Marine Reporting Units (MRU) distributed in the Bulgarian sector of the Black Sea. The objective of the study is to evaluate the physical loss of the natural seabed and broad benthic habitat type as a result of coastal infrastructure development in each of the coastal MRUs and for the national Black Sea biogeographic region. The cumulative loss from the 1970s to 2017 was calculated. The period between 1970 and 1983 was chosen as a reliable historical baseline for which 1:5000-scale topographic maps are available. In addition, the study provides estimates of the natural seabed and habitat loss for the long-term period 1970/83 to 2017 and the 6- year assessment period under MSFD 2012 to 2017. GIS procedures include a compilation of vector files of shoreline and MRUs for the assessment periods 1970/83, 2012, and 2017, from which changes were evaluated Criterion D6C1: Spatial extent and distribution of physical loss of the natural seabed. Finally, spatial intersect analysis between seabed loss and broad benthic habitat types allowed assessment of Criterion D6C4: The extent of loss of the habitat type resulting from anthropogenic pressures. The work identified 302 designated hydrotechnical facilities, 33 of which were constructed during the most recent assessment period (2012-2017), which have left a significant negative imprint on the Bulgarian coast. Prominent accumulation of artificial structures was registered along Burgas, Varna, Balchik, and Nessebar. After the 1970s, due to the construction of coastal hydro-technical facilities and port infrastructure, the Bulgarian Black Sea shoreline increased by more than 11%, from 461.9 km (1970/83-2012) to 511.2 km (2012) and to 513.6 km (2017). The MRUs Cape Emine - Cape Maslen and Cape Kaliakra - Cape Galata are the most affected coastal areas by seafloor sealing and land reclamation. Infralittoral sand in Cape Emine - Cape Maslen Nos MRU represents the habitat with the highest absolute loss of 1.43 km2 and of 1.19% as a proportion of the total habitat area. The Infralittoral rock was assessed to have lost the most significant proportion of a broad benthic habitat type along the Varna shoreline - 3.39% (absolute area 0.35 km2), which is getting close to the critical threshold of 5% in the Cape Kaliakra-Cape Galata MRU. GISaided analysis showed that the most impacted broad benthic habitat types at the national scale are the Infralittoral sand and Infralittoral rock, with losses of 1.48 km2 and 0.528 km2, respectively. However, neither of the habitats exceeded the 5% threshold of habitat loss in any of the assessment areas. Finally, this article presented a pilot assessment of geomorphological seabedforms loss. Along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, a distinguished loss was observed on the shallow-water accumulative slope or beach face corresponding to the Infralittoral sand (1.476 km2), Infralittoral mud (0.003 km2), infralittoral mixed sediment (0.02 km2) and infralittoral coarse sediment (0.09 km2). Respectively, the largest loss of abrasion-structural seabed or bench was observed in the Infralittoral rock (0.533 km2).

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Radescu, Radu. "INTERACTIVE E-LEARNING APPLICATION FOR STUDYING AND EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCES OF REMOTE FILE SYNCHRONIZATION ALGORITHMS." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-113.

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The present paper presents an e-learning application that studies the different ways of performing file compression and the performances obtained in synchronizing them in remote communications. Based on compression, one can estimate the differences between two files and calculate the minimum difference that must be transmitted over a network to synchronize different instances of the same file. The described application implements a client-server communication with network applications, in which a file is transmitted from server to client, the file being encoded to server and decoded to client. Using Delta compression techniques reduces bandwidth when transferring network files as well as their storage space. Delta compression allows for significant file size reduction, which helps increasing the download speed on a computer network. With the help of Delta compression, only the difference between two successive versions of the same file is performed during the upgrade process. The Rsync algorithm performs a unique approach for Delta compression, allowing the client to request changes to a file from the server without the need for the server to keep older versions of that file. Instead, the server dynamically calculates changes in an interactive protocol, which works in two steps. Using the Rsync algorithm to change Delta compressed content, both the client and the management server are released reference versions, thus simplifying the maintenance of the proxy cache. The client keeps a copy of its latest response, and the server uses only the latest version. The main approach for remote file synchronization is the one based on string fingerprints, implemented by the Rsync algorithm, even if it is sub-optimal. Rsync is, at the same time, a software and network protocol for synchronizing files and directories from one location to another, minimizing data transfer by using Delta compression when optimal. An important feature of the Rsync algorithm, which is not found in most similar programs or protocols, is that there is only one transmission for each direction. Rsync can copy or display the contents of directories and copy files, using compression and recurrence optionally. The receiver divides the copy of the file into fixed, non-overlapping blocks, and calculates two checksums for each block: MD5 hash and a smaller checksum, then sends these checksums to the server. From the experimental results obtained in the paper, it is clearly observed that in order to obtain an optimal transfer time on a network it is advisable to use similar files, having the same source file. If the files used are too different, then full file transfer is more useful, because the Delta compression calculation time and file transfer time will be greater than the full file transfer time. This application is interactive, requiring the client to synchronize manually the file, as there may be situations where the user does not need synchronization. Thus, transferring any changes to any file results in a fully synchronized network, which contains the same shared files, with the updated versions. For remote file synchronization techniques, the obtained experimental results indicate the existence of a significant distance in the compression performance between the tools currently available and the theoretical limits. The application presented in the paper accomplishes a client-server communication based on message exchange, in which, after the connection is made, the algorithms described in the paper are applied. The application calculates the Delta file (the difference) between two selected files that may belong to both the client and the server, or only to one of the parties. The Delta file is sufficient to perform the reconstruction of the destination file with only the source file and the Delta file. The Rsync algorithm performs file synchronization between the two communication partners, assuming that any file change has occurred on both sides, in order to keep an updated list of changes permanently. The utility of the Rsync algorithm is very high for any communications network where the bandwidth costs must be kept to a minimum, and file transfer time is an important factor that is intended to be minimized.

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Kroker, Stefanie. "From atoms to black holes: with nano-engineering to next-level precision experiments." In Nanoengineering: Fabrication, Properties, Optics, Thin Films, and Devices XX, edited by Wounjhang Park, André-Jean Attias, and Balaji Panchapakesan. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2688839.

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Galdi, M. R., R. Olivieri, L. Liguori, D. Albanese, M. Di Matteo, and L. Di Maio. "PET based nanocomposite films for microwave packaging applications." In THE SECOND ICRANET CÉSAR LATTES MEETING: Supernovae, Neutron Stars and Black Holes. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4937337.

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Seung Wan Jung, Seok Young Ko, Young Jin Nam, and Dae-Wha Seo. "Block Link file system supporting fast editing/writing for large-sized multimedia files in multimedia devices." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce.2012.6161942.

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Pao, Y. C. "On Developing User’s M Files for MATLAB in Engineering Applications." In ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1995-0781.

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Abstract This paper presents a collection of M files created for applications of MATLAB software in graduate and undergraduate engineering classes. Starting with the simple need of printing a difference table, presented in order of increasing difficulty of numerical procedural setup and programming arrangement are M files for volume integration, animation of a rotating block, Runge-Kutta solution of a nonlinear oscillation problem, and solution of a warping function governed by Laplace equation using the relaxation method. Threading through these M files are the demonstrative applications of MATLAB’s own M files and its graphics commands and vector operations.

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Pisano, Roberto, Marco Bazzano, Luigi Carlo Capozzi, Ada Ferri, and Marco Sangermano. "Controlled release of ethylene via polymeric films for food packaging." In THE SECOND ICRANET CÉSAR LATTES MEETING: Supernovae, Neutron Stars and Black Holes. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4937287.

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Siegel, Joel, Jonathan H. Dwyer, Anjali Suresh, Margaret Fortman, Nathaniel S. Safron, Chenghao Wan, Jonathan Choi, et al. "Block copolymer lithography for scalable near-infrared graphene plasmonic devices." In Nanoengineering: Fabrication, Properties, Optics, Thin Films, and Devices XVII, edited by Wounjhang Park, André-Jean Attias, and Balaji Panchapakesan. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2571066.

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Muramutsa, Florent, Samuel V. Pedersen, Jonathan Logan, Michael Eppel, Mia Busuladzic-Begic, Joshua Eixenberger, Joshua D. Wood, et al. "Black phosphorus ink formulation for aerosol jet printing of planar and conformal optoelectronics." In International Workshop on Thin Films for Electronics, Electro-Optics, Energy and Sensors, edited by Guru Subramanyam, Partha Banerjee, Akhlesh Lakhtakia, and Nian X. Sun. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2647379.

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Reports on the topic "Black files"

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Burns, L. E. Line, grid, and vector data and plot files for the airborne geophysical survey data of parts of the East Richardson, Liscum, and Black Mountain areas, Interior Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/14531.

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Raj, Phani K. DTRS56-04-T-0005 Fires in an LNG Facility - Assessments, Models and Risk Evaluation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011800.

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The models used at present to evaluate the potential hazard areas around large LNG fires were developed with field test data from smaller diameter (1.8 m to 15 m) fires. These models are, however, applied to predict hazard distances from fires much larger in size compared to the experimental fires. Recent publication of the results from a series of tests conducted in 1987 with 35 m diameter LNG fires indicates that large LNG fires tend to generate significant amount of black soot. The black soot is postulated to be generated from incomplete and inefficient combustion of fuel vapors due to reduced oxygen diffusion into the combustion zone near the core of the fire. This phenomenon (of black soot production) in large LNG fires reduces the radiant heat hazard expectations in areas surrounding such fires. In this project, a review was undertaken of the different types and sizes of fires that could occur in a LNG facility and from ship releases, either due to accidental releases or from deliberate acts. The models associated with each of the fire scenarios have been reviewed. A new generation LNG pool fire model ("PoFMISE") has been developed based on data from a number of tests with both LNG and other hydrocarbon fluids. This model is applicable to small as well as large LNG fires and includes the formation of smoke and the consequent diminution of radiant heat output from the fire. The results of the model agree with experimental results for mean emissive power for fires of less than 35 m. Results for larger fires indicate substantial reduction in mean emissive power with almost 50% reduction for a 300 m diameter fire compared to the values used in current models. This implies that the currently predicted hazard distances for large fires are high (by factors of 2 to 3, after accounting for atmospheric absorption). The report also provides guidance with an illustrative procedure to calculate the risk from different types and sizes of fires that may occur in a LNG facility.

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Oliver, Amanda, William Slack, and Alan Katzenmeyer. Occurrence of silver, bighead, and black carp in waters managed by the US Army Corps of Engineers -- geospatial data appendix. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44984.

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Honjo, Susumu, Steven J. Manganini, Vernon L. Asper, Bernward J. Hay, and Amy Karowe. Particle Fluxes, South Central Black Sea: 1982-1985 (Black Sea Sedimentation Data File, Volume 1). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada268547.

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Aalto, Juha, and Ari Venäläinen, eds. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.

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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.

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Anderson, Gerald L., and Kalman Peleg. Precision Cropping by Remotely Sensed Prorotype Plots and Calibration in the Complex Domain. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585193.bard.

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This research report describes a methodology whereby multi-spectral and hyperspectral imagery from remote sensing, is used for deriving predicted field maps of selected plant growth attributes which are required for precision cropping. A major task in precision cropping is to establish areas of the field that differ from the rest of the field and share a common characteristic. Yield distribution f maps can be prepared by yield monitors, which are available for some harvester types. Other field attributes of interest in precision cropping, e.g. soil properties, leaf Nitrate, biomass etc. are obtained by manual sampling of the filed in a grid pattern. Maps of various field attributes are then prepared from these samples by the "Inverse Distance" interpolation method or by Kriging. An improved interpolation method was developed which is based on minimizing the overall curvature of the resulting map. Such maps are the ground truth reference, used for training the algorithm that generates the predicted field maps from remote sensing imagery. Both the reference and the predicted maps are stratified into "Prototype Plots", e.g. 15xl5 blocks of 2m pixels whereby the block size is 30x30m. This averaging reduces the datasets to manageable size and significantly improves the typically poor repeatability of remote sensing imaging systems. In the first two years of the project we used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), for generating predicted yield maps of sugar beets and com. The NDVI was computed from image cubes of three spectral bands, generated by an optically filtered three camera video imaging system. A two dimensional FFT based regression model Y=f(X), was used wherein Y was the reference map and X=NDVI was the predictor. The FFT regression method applies the "Wavelet Based", "Pixel Block" and "Image Rotation" transforms to the reference and remote images, prior to the Fast - Fourier Transform (FFT) Regression method with the "Phase Lock" option. A complex domain based map Yfft is derived by least squares minimization between the amplitude matrices of X and Y, via the 2D FFT. For one time predictions, the phase matrix of Y is combined with the amplitude matrix ofYfft, whereby an improved predicted map Yplock is formed. Usually, the residuals of Y plock versus Y are about half of the values of Yfft versus Y. For long term predictions, the phase matrix of a "field mask" is combined with the amplitude matrices of the reference image Y and the predicted image Yfft. The field mask is a binary image of a pre-selected region of interest in X and Y. The resultant maps Ypref and Ypred aremodified versions of Y and Yfft respectively. The residuals of Ypred versus Ypref are even lower than the residuals of Yplock versus Y. The maps, Ypref and Ypred represent a close consensus of two independent imaging methods which "view" the same target. In the last two years of the project our remote sensing capability was expanded by addition of a CASI II airborne hyperspectral imaging system and an ASD hyperspectral radiometer. Unfortunately, the cross-noice and poor repeatability problem we had in multi-spectral imaging was exasperated in hyperspectral imaging. We have been able to overcome this problem by over-flying each field twice in rapid succession and developing the Repeatability Index (RI). The RI quantifies the repeatability of each spectral band in the hyperspectral image cube. Thereby, it is possible to select the bands of higher repeatability for inclusion in the prediction model while bands of low repeatability are excluded. Further segregation of high and low repeatability bands takes place in the prediction model algorithm, which is based on a combination of a "Genetic Algorithm" and Partial Least Squares", (PLS-GA). In summary, modus operandi was developed, for deriving important plant growth attribute maps (yield, leaf nitrate, biomass and sugar percent in beets), from remote sensing imagery, with sufficient accuracy for precision cropping applications. This achievement is remarkable, given the inherently high cross-noice between the reference and remote imagery as well as the highly non-repeatable nature of remote sensing systems. The above methodologies may be readily adopted by commercial companies, which specialize in proving remotely sensed data to farmers.

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COMPLETE SET CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF LARGE OPENING CABLE DOME STRUCTURE BASED ON INTEGRATED ANALYSIS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.312.

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With the development of design level and construction technology of cable supported system, various new-type prestressed structures emerge, and a number of public buildings with cable dome structure have been constructed. The structural characteristics and complete set construction technology of Chengdu Phoenix Mountain Stadium are introduced in this paper. In view of the construction difficulties, nonlinear dynamic analysis method was used to carry out simulation of the whole construction process and optimize the construction scheme. The research was carried out from the aspects of rotary lifting technology, horizontal restraint system and high anti-side lifting frame group. Besides, the design and construction integrated analysis of the large opening cable dome structure was carried out, and the construction technology of " internal tension ring-cable net integrated lifting " was innovatively proposed. This method fills the blank of the construction method of the system, greatly improves the construction efficiency, and ensures the construction quality and safety.

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