Journal articles: 'Bivalves – Mortalité'

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Haag, Wendell R., David J. Berg, David W. Garton, and Jerry L. Farris. "Reduced Survival and Fitness in Native Bivalves in Response to Fouling by the Introduced Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in Western Lake Erie." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-002.

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Fouling by the recently established zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) causes differential effects among bivalve communities. In 3-mo experiments and surveys conducted in western Lake Erie during 1990, two native bivalves, Lampsilis radiata and Amblema plicata, showed consistent differences in mortality and biochemical indices of fitness in response to fouling by D. polymorpha. Lampsilis radiata was very sensitive to fouling, experiencing high mortality and reduced fitness in experiments and natural populations. In field experiments, female L. radiata suffered higher mortality and lower fitness than males. Amblema plicata was less sensitive to fouling; fitness was reduced in experimentally fouled A. plicata, but mortality and fitness in natural populations were not affected by D. polymorpha. Six species of native bivalves showed marked differences in mortality rates at three sites surveyed in western Lake Erie. Mortality was higher in the subfamilies Anodontinae and Lampsilinae (including L. radiata) than in Ambleminae (including A. plicata) at all three sites, suggesting that differences in life history strategy and shell morphology among subfamilies may be responsible for differential responses to fouling. These data suggest that fouling by D. polymorpha will result in profound changes in native bivalve community structure.

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Scarpa, Fabio, Daria Sanna, Ilenia Azzena, Davide Mugetti, Francesco Cerruti, Sepideh Hosseini, Piero Cossu, et al. "Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis." Life 10, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10100238.

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The fan mussel, Pinna nobilis, represents the largest bivalve endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. Since 2016, dramatic mass mortality of this species has been observed in several areas. The first surveys suggested that Haplosporidium pinnae (currently considered species-specific) was the main etiological agent, but recent studies have indicated that a multifactorial disease may be responsible for this phenomenon. In this study, we performed molecular diagnostic analyses on P. nobilis, P. rudis, and bivalve heterologous host species from the island of Sardinia to shed further light on the pathogens involved in the mass mortality. The results support the occurrence of a multifactorial disease and that Mycobacterium spp. and H. pinnae are not necessarily associated with the illness. Indeed, our analyses revealed that H. pinnae is not species-specific for P. nobilis, as it was present in other bivalves at least three years before the mass mortality began, and species of Mycobacterium were also found in healthy individuals of P. nobilis and P. rudis. We also detected the species Rhodococcus erythropolis, representing the first report in fan mussels of a bacterium other than Mycobacterium spp. and Vibrio spp. These results depict a complicated scenario, further demonstrating how the P. nobilis mass mortality event is far from being fully understood.

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Lattos, Athanasios, Dimitrios K. Papadopoulos, Konstantinos Feidantsis, Ioannis A. Giantsis, Ioannis Georgoulis, Dimitrios Karagiannis, and Basile Michaelidis. "Antioxidant Defense of Mytilus galloprovincialis Mussels Induced by Marine Heatwaves in Correlation with Marteilia Pathogen Presence." Fishes 8, no. 8 (August 8, 2023): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes8080408.

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Background: The effects of climate change negatively affect marine bivalves’ health. Lately, the intensity of marine heatwaves poses serious threats to the aquatic environment setting of high-risk bivalve farming. Since temperature increases can jeopardize bivalves’ immunity response, pathogen infection becomes more evident. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased during the process of phagocytosis, is confronted by the animals’ antioxidant defense system. However, apart from pathogenic infections, antioxidant defense responses are also induced by seawater temperature increases; Methods: To enlighten the antioxidant status of Mytilus galloprovincialis originating from mortality events enhanced by intense heatwaves in Thermaikos Gulf, northern Greece, along with Marteilia refringens infection, we examined the expression of genes related to antioxidant defense (catalase, CuSOD and mt10) along with the lipid peroxidation levels and activity levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, SOD and glutathione reductase); Results: Our results exhibited increased levels of all these biomarkers. This increase was intensified in the Marteilia infected individuals; Conclusions: Our findings shed light on the oxidative and antioxidant status of farmed mussels led to mortality in the context of Marteilia infection. The latter is augmented by the synergistic effect of heatwaves causing a significant increase in oxidative damage and subsequent antioxidant defense.

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Matthews, T. G., and A. J. Constable. "Effect of flooding on estuarine bivalve populations near the mouth of the Hopkins River, Victoria, Australia." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 3 (May 24, 2004): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404009671h.

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The densities of two common intertidal/shallow subtidal bivalves, Soletellina alba and Arthritica helmsi, were sampled in vegetated and unvegetated habitats of the Hopkins River estuary on three occasions during the autumn/winter 1995. Winter flooding coincided with mass mortalities of the infaunal bivalve S. alba, but not A. helmsi. Mortalities were apparent for individuals living deeper in the sediment (≈35 cm) in vegetated and unvegetated habitats, but small S. alba (<1 mm) were less susceptible to mortality than larger individuals (>1 mm). Mortalities were similar across different habitat types and sediment depths, and at multiple sites within close proximity to the estuary mouth.

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Khanam, Safia, Alia Bano Munshi, Hina Ahsan, and Razia Begum. "Impact of Organic Micropollutants Causing Mass Mortality of the Clams (Mactra aequisulcata) Due to Charactersitic Distribution at Karachi Coast, Pakistan." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 63, no. 3 (November 13, 2020): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.63.3.2020.148.156.

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Mass mortality of bivalve clams along with some other marine fauna was observed during the month of May 2016, mainly consisting of the clams (Mactra aequisulcata) of family Veneridae surfaced over the Clifton coast. The occurrence of mass mortality of the venerid clams Mactra aequisulcata and other marine life has been studied due to the toxicity of chlorinated hydrocarbons (DDTs, HCHs, hexa chloro benzene (HCB), chlordane, dieldrin (4-chlorophenyl), methanol (TCPMOH) and heptachlor epoxide and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Significant compositional characteristics of PCBs and DDTs were found in all dead clams and other fauna including fish (Johnius carutta), crabs (Portunus pelagicus), gastropods (Babylonia spirata), bivalves (Anadara antiquata), (Mactra aequisulcata) and the pen shell (Atrina pectinata) from Karachi coast, Pakistan. Mean concentrations (ranges) of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in crab (Portunus pelagicus) and fish samples were 1.1 (<0.01-1.5), 0.22 (<0.01-1.1) and 0.14 (<0.01-1.3) /µg/g. Those in, bivalves (Anadara antiquata) and pen shell (Atrina pectinata), clams (Mactra aequisulcata) were 0.09 (<0.02-1.2), 0.22 (<0.02-1.3) /µg and 0.13 (<0.01-0.27), respectively. The heptachlor epoxide was found in highest concentration in clam samples (25.00 ± 30.92) µg/g, (wet weight) however, in bivalves, (2.30 µg/g, (wet weight), which were higher than those in other gastropods. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentrations were also measured in the same samples of gastropods (Babylonia spirata), fish (Johnius carutta), crab (Portunus pelagicus), clams (Mactra aequisulcata), bivalves (Anadara antiquata) and the pen shell (Atrina pectinata) to determine the possible cause of mass mortality. The DDT to metabolites (DDD & DDE) concentration ratios exceeded upto 1.0 in the sessile fauna that is clams (Mactra aequisulcata) and the pen shell (Atrina pectinata) from Karachi coast. These organisms also exhibited dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) inputs, whereas dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDD) was found to be in degraded component and PCBs were generally in low concentrations. The concentrations of DDTs were higher than the ERL guidelines in the coastal areas of Karachi, suggesting that there is potential of ecological risk present in the prevailing environment.

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Kidwell, Susan M., and Thomas A. Rothfus. "The living, the dead, and the expected dead: variation in life span yields little bias of proportional abundances in bivalve death assemblages." Paleobiology 36, no. 4 (2010): 615–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09004.1.

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All else being equal, species with short life spans are expected to be overrepresented in time-averaged death assemblages relative to their standing abundance in the living community, but the magnitude of the distortion of proportional abundance and assemblage evenness has received little attention. Here, information from 30 data sets on the living and dead abundances of marine bivalves in local habitats is combined with a global compilation of bivalve life spans to determine whether bias from mortality rate can explain observed differences in species proportional abundances. Although bivalve maximum life spans range from one to 75 years in these data sets, indicating annual mortality rates of 0.97 to 0.09, the “life span bias” (LB) of a species–the difference between its proportional abundance expected dead and that observed alive–is consistently small in magnitude (average change <2%, maximum about 20%) and random in sign relative to observed discordance (OD = difference between that species' proportional abundance observed dead and that observed alive). The aggregate result for 413 living species occurrences is a significantly positive but weak correlation of OD to LB, with only 10% of variation in OD explained. The model performs better among longer-lived species than among shorter-lived species, probably because longer-lived species conform better to the model assumption that species maintain a constant proportional abundance in the living assemblage over time. Among individual data sets, only seven exhibit significant positive correlations between OD and LB. The model also under-predicts the cases where a death assemblage is dominated by a species that is shorter lived than the dominant species in the living assemblage, indicating that some factor(s) other than or in addition to mortality rate is responsible for OD. We can find no evidence of preservational bias linked to life span, for example through body size. This negative outcome reflects a weak biological relationship between life span and living abundance among bivalves in local habitats, contrary to the terrestrial paradigm, and points toward a simpler model of time-averaged death assemblage formation where higher abundances reflect (under-sampled) past populations. Contrary to long-held expectations, variation in population turnover among species is not a major source of taphonomic bias in time-averaged death assemblages among bivalves and perhaps among other marine groups: bias must arise largely from other factors.

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Coughlan, Neil E., Eoghan M. Cunningham, Stephen Potts, Diarmuid McSweeney, Emma Healey, Jaimie T. A. Dick, Gina Y. W. Vong, et al. "Steam and Flame Applications as Novel Methods of Population Control for Invasive Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea) and Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)." Environmental Management 66, no. 4 (July 5, 2020): 654–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01325-1.

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Abstract Control strategies for established populations of invasive alien species can be costly and complex endeavours, which are frequently unsuccessful. Therefore, rapid-reaction techniques that are capable of maximising efficacy whilst minimising environmental damage are urgently required. The Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea Müller, 1774), and the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha Pallas, 1771), are invaders capable of adversely affecting the functioning and biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems. Despite efforts to implement substantial population-control measures, both species continue to spread and persist within freshwater environments. As bivalve beds often become exposed during low-water conditions, this study examined the efficacy of steam-spray (≥100 °C, 350 kPa) and open-flame burn treatments (~1000 °C) to kill exposed individuals. Direct steam exposure lasting for 5 min caused 100% mortality of C. fluminea buried at a depth of 3 cm. Further, combined rake and thermal shock treatments, whereby the substrate is disturbed between each application of either a steam or open flame, caused 100% mortality of C. fluminea specimens residing within a 4-cm deep substrate patch, following three consecutive treatment applications. However, deeper 8-cm patches and water-saturated substrate reduced maximum bivalve species mortality rates to 77% and 70%, respectively. Finally, 100% of D. polymorpha specimens were killed following exposure to steam and open-flame treatments lasting for 30 s and 5 s, respectively. Overall, our results confirm the efficacy of thermal shock treatments as a potential tool for substantial control of low-water-exposed bivalves. Although promising, our results require validation through upscaling to field application, with consideration of other substrate types, increased substrate depth, greater bivalve densities, non-target and long-term treatment effects.

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Ansell, A. D., L. Robb, and H. T. Powell. "Algal-induced dislodgement as a cause of bivalve mortality on some Scottish beaches." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 68, no. 2 (May 1988): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400052139.

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During July 1984, large numbers of the sandy beach bivalve Donax vittatus (da Costa) were found either stranded in the intertidal, or washing to and fro in the surf on beaches at Dornoch, on the east coast of Scotland. The affected bivalves all carried large growths of several species of algae. The normal burrowing and recovery responses of the bivalves were unable to overcome the increased drag resulting from these epizoic algal colonies so that wave action caused dislodgement from the sand and eventually, stranding and death from dehydration. The resulting mortality affected mainly older individuals in the population; younger individuals had very small or no attached algae and were not dislodged.The algal growths were complex and showed three stages in their development: primary settlements formed generally short tufts or mats attached to the posterior tip of die shell; secondary ‘dominant’ species were also attached to die shell but formed larger growths; tertiary species were attached as epiphytes to the primary and secondary growths. At least eight species of algae were involved. Juvenile mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) were also present in many cases attached to the weed, adding further to die drag.During 1985, at Dornoch, secondary and tertiary algal species developed progressively from overwintering primary settlements, but the size of die algal colonies which developed was generally smaller dian in 1984 and diere was apparently little dislodgement and mortality.Donax vittatus populations on other beaches in die Moray Firdi, and on most other Scottish beaches examined, had fewer individuals with attached algae, and diose affected carried only relatively small colonies which did not prevent normal burrowing. Complex algal colonies, showing even greater species diversity than those of Dornoch were, however, found on D. vittatus on beaches in South Harris, Outer Hebrides, during September 1984.

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Dairain, A., MY Engelsma, J. Drent, R. Dekker, and DW Thieltges. "High prevalences of disseminated neoplasia in the Baltic tellin Limecola balthica in the Wadden Sea." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 138 (February 27, 2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao03448.

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The Baltic tellin Limecola balthica is one of the most common bivalves in intertidal areas in the Northern Hemisphere. Over the last 2 decades, the species has been suffering from a decrease in adult survival in the European Wadden Sea. While several factors such as global warming and fisheries have been suggested to influence the population dynamics of this bivalve mollusc, the potential role of diseases has never been investigated. In this study, we investigated whether disseminated neoplasia, a common proliferative disorder in bivalve molluscs, could play a potential role in the recent population decline of Baltic tellins in the Wadden Sea. We conducted a field survey in the Dutch Wadden Sea to (1) determine whether the disease occurs in Baltic tellins in the Wadden Sea and (2) quantify the occurrence and severity of the disease via histology. Disseminated neoplasia occurred in L. balthica at each of the 10 sampled locations with very high prevalences (21-89%) compared to those reported elsewhere for this species. The highest severity category was found in 8 to 87% of affected individuals, with severity generally increasing with prevalence. Disseminated neoplasia usually increases mortality among affected individuals and may also be associated with important sub-lethal effects, especially regarding gametogenesis. Thus, we suggest that disseminated neoplasia may play a key role in the population dynamics of the Baltic tellin, the extent of which remains to be investigated in future studies.

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Ascenso, Rita M. T. "Bioinformatic tools help molecular characterization of Perkinsus olseni differentially expressed genes." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2011): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2011-179.

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Abstract In the 80ies, in Southern Europe and in particular in Ria Formosa there was an episode of heavy mortality of the economically relevant clam Ruditapes (R.) decussatus associated with a debilitating disease (Perkinsosis) caused by Perkinsus olseni. This protozoan parasite was poorly known concerning its’ differential transcriptome in response to its host, R. decussatus. This laboratory available protozoan system was used to identify parasite genes related to host interaction. Beyond the application of molecular biology technologies and methodologies, only the help of Bioinformatics tools allowed to analyze the results of the study. The strategy started with SSH technique, allowing the identification of parasite up-regulated genes in response to its natural host, then a macroarray was constructed and hybridized to characterize the parasite genes expression when exposed to bivalves hemolymph from permissive host (R. decussatus), resistant host (R. philippinarum) and non permissive bivalve (Donax trunculus) that cohabit in the same or adjacent habitats in Southern Portugal. Genes and respective peptides full molecular characterization depended on several Bioinformatic tools application. Also a new Bioinformatic tool was developed.

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Yap, Tzuen Kiat, John Barry Gallagher, Ejria Saleh, and Vienna Anastasia Admodisastro. "The occurrence of boring bivalve (Genus: Zachsia), in a tropical seagrass meadow in Gaya Island (Sabah, Malaysia) and its possible ecological implications." Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture (BJoMSA) 2 (December 4, 2018): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/bjomsa.v2i0.1554.

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Shipworms (family Teredinidae) are specialized bivalves that bore into the submerged wooden structures and mangrove trees, except genus Zachsia which is associated with seagrass rhizome. However, only one species has been described, located in Russian, Korean and Japanese waters and associated only with genera Phyllospadix and Zostera. Potentially wider distributions and even new species within this group have not been reported from another bioregion. Given the potential impacts on seagrass health, it is important to ascertain if the distribution of Zachsia extends across other climatic regions and seagrass species. In response, a study was conducted in a seagrass meadow at Gaya Island (Sabah, Malaysia). A total of 900 seagrass shoots were randomly excavated from a mixed seagrass bed of Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata and C. serrulata. It was found that Zachsia sp. was present within the rhizomes of E. acoroides and C. rotundata, with an occupancy of around 12% occupancy (n=100) and 1% (n=400), respectively. A post-mortem examination indicated that the bivalve appeared to have ingested most of the rhizomeâ€™s internal tissues, leaving behind a calcareous hollow tube. Furthermore, this apparent infestation appeared to significantly reduce shoot growth by around 70% from 0.738Â±0.036 to 0.220Â±0.038 cm day-1. This finding may be significant, as it suggests, for the first time, that the rhizome parasitism is another possible vector in controlling seagrass growth and mortality. Further investigations are required to determine if this boring bivalve is indeed a new species, its distribution in other tropical areas and its role in the ecosystem.

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Gerasimova, A. V., N. V. Maximovich, and N. A. Filippova. "Models of the bed structure dynamics of mass marine bivalves of the White Sea." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 327, no. 1 (March 25, 2023): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.1.75.

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The present paper is a synthesis of all the results of long-term (for almost 35 years) observations of beds of nine widespread bivalve species, carried out at the Marine Biological Station of St. Petersburg State University in the White Sea (Chupa Inlet mouth, Kandalaksha Bay). The purpose of the investigations is to identify the patterns of the spatial-temporal organization of bivalve beds. As a result, a generalized analysis of the reasons for the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the bed structure of widespread long-lived bivalve species in an undisturbed environment is presented, and attempts are made to develop models of the dynamics of the age structure of bivalve beds in the White Sea. An integrated approach to identifying the patterns in the organization of bivalve beds: the study of changes in the size-age structure of beds as a reflection of the recruitment, growth and mortality features, made it possible to identify intraspecific relationships as determining long-term trends in the structure changes of mollusk beds in the White Sea. Studies have shown that long-term stability of size-age structure is not a typical feature of the bivalve beds in the White Sea, and substantial fluctuations in their structure take place even under relatively undisturbed environmental conditions. The main reasons for the fluctuations of the bed structure appear to be connected to inter-annual variation in recruitment rates. These variations are mainly caused by the intensity of mollusks intraspecific interactions, and by the conditions of mollusk survival in the early stages of the life cycle. As a result of interannual fluctuations in the bed bivalve recruitment rates, specimens of only 1 or 2 generations dominated for several years. A periodic change of the dominant generations could be considered as a recurrence in the bed development. However, the recurrence of the bed structure dynamics can be easily disrupted under unfavorable conditions for the mollusk survival in the early stages of the life cycle. The bivalve stationary beds in the White Sea are likely the exception from the general rule. They can be formed in case of a relatively stable level of annual recruitment with a decrease in intensity of intraspecific competition. The latter in the White Sea beds of Bivalvia was observed either when the ecological needs of individuals of different ages were differentiated, or in the case of a relatively poor bed density.

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Martínez-García, MF, JM Grijalva-Chon, R. Castro-Longoria, R. Castro-Longoria, A. Varela-Romero, and JE Chávez-Villalba. "Prevalence and genotypic diversity of ostreid herpesvirus type 1 in Crassostrea gigas cultured in the Gulf of California, Mexico." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 138 (March 26, 2020): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao03462.

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In bivalve mollusk aquaculture, massive disease outbreaks with high mortality and large economic losses can occur, as in northwest Mexico in the 1990s. A range of pathogens can affect bivalves; one of great concern is ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1), of which there are several strains. This virus has been detected in the Gulf of California in occasional or sporadic samplings, but to date, there have been few systematic studies. Monthly samples of Crassostrea gigas, water, and sediment were taken in the La Cruz coastal lagoon and analyzed by PCR. The native mollusk, Dosinia ponderosa, which lives outside the lagoon, was sampled as a control. The virus was found throughout the year only in C. gigas, with prevalence up to 60%. In total, 9 genotype variants were detected, and genetic analysis suggests that linear genotypic evolution has occurred from strain JF894308, present in La Cruz in 2011. There has been no evidence of the entry of new viral genotypes in the recent past, thus confinement of the virus within the lagoons of the Gulf of California could promote a native genotypic diversity in the short term.

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Green, Mark A., Michael E. Jones, Carrie L. Boudreau, Richard L. Moore, and Benjamin A. Westman. "Dissolution mortality of juvenile bivalves in coastal marine deposits." Limnology and Oceanography 49, no. 3 (May 2004): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.3.0727.

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Supono, Supono, Maria Mugica, Stefan Spreitzenbarth, and Andrew Jeffs. "Potential for Concentrated Microalgae as Replacement Diets for Juvenile Green-Lipped Mussels, Perna canaliculus." Aquaculture Research 2023 (February 21, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9841172.

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The nursery culture of bivalves typically relies on the feeding of costly live microalgae, while the use of natural sources of phytoplankton for feed is uncertain due to their variable quality and abundance. Replacement diets have been applied in bivalve nursery culture to replace live microalgae with varying success. This study investigated the potential use of two concentrated microalgal diets at a range of levels of substitution with live microalgae. Shellfish Diet 1800® (called SD) and LPB™ Frozen Shellfish Diet® (called LPB) were fed to juvenile green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) at five levels of substitution for live microalgae (i.e., 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) for 27 days. The mortality of mussels fed with 100% LPB replacement was significantly higher than the mortality of mussels fed at the lower levels of replacement, i.e., 0 and 25%. The overall final size of spat tended to decrease with the increasing level replacement of live microalgae. Proximate analysis (i.e., crude ash-free dry weight, crude protein, crude lipid, and carbohydrate) showed that only the proportion of carbohydrate content of spat was influenced by feeding treatments, with the mean total carbohydrate content of mussels tending to decrease with increasing levels of replacement of live microalgae. The results indicate that both concentrated microalgal feeds (SD and LPB) are effective at replacing live microalgae by up to 50% without compromising the survival and nutritional profile (AFDW, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content) of juvenile green-lipped mussels and are therefore a useful resource for improving the efficiency of production.

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Noskovich, A. E. "On the diversity of settlements of the bivalve mollusk Macoma calcarea (Bivalvia,Tellinidae) off the coast of Novaya Zemlya." Transaction Kola Science Centre 11, no. 5-2020 (March 25, 2020): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.11.5.013.

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In the eastern part of the Barents Sea, there are 3 types of settlements of the bivalve mollusk Macoma calcarea. At low positive temperatures (from 0.6 to 1.3 оC),juveniles predominate on sandy-silty soils in settlements with low biomass, uneven growth and high mortality. In colder water masses (–0.4...–1.5 оC), M. calcareasettlements consist of long-lived, evenly growing large individuals that form high biomass values. In the settlement of group I, there was an increased elimination of certain size classes. The distribution of settlements depends little on the depth and salinity.

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López-Rocha, Jorge A., Francisco J. Fernández-Rivera Melo, Ernesto Gastélum-Nava, Estefani Larios-Castro, and Abril Romo-Piñera. "Morphometric Relationship, Growth Parameters, and Natural Mortality as Estimated Primary Inputs for Fishery Management in Newfishing Areas for Bivalve Molluscs (Bivalvia: Veneridae)." Journal of Shellfish Research 37, no. 3 (August 2018): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.037.0312.

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Arzul, Isabelle, Tristan Renault, Cécile Lipart, and Andrew J. Davison. "Evidence for interspecies transmission of oyster herpesvirus in marine bivalves." Journal of General Virology 82, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-4-865.

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Since 1991, numerous herpesvirus infections associated with high mortality have been reported around the world in various marine bivalve species. In order to determine whether these infections are due to ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV1), a previously characterized pathogen of the Japanese oyster (Crassostrea gigas), PCR analysis was carried out on 30 samples of larvae collected from four bivalve species (C. gigas, Ostrea edulis, Ruditapes decussatus and Ruditapes philippinarum), most exhibiting mortality prior to collection. All samples were shown to be infected by OsHV1. Viral genomes in three samples of C. gigas and three of R. philippinarum that originated from the same hatchery were unusual in bearing a deletion of at least 2·8 kbp in an inverted repeat region. The results demonstrate that OsHV1 is capable of infecting several bivalve species, and this raises the possibility that interspecies transmission may be promoted by intensive rearing in modern hatcheries.

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Lattos, Athanasios, Dimitrios K. Papadopoulos, Konstantinos Feidantsis, Dimitrios Karagiannis, Ioannis A. Giantsis, and Basile Michaelidis. "Are Marine Heatwaves Responsible for Mortalities of Farmed Mytilus galloprovincialis? A Pathophysiological Analysis of Marteilia Infected Mussels from Thermaikos Gulf, Greece." Animals 12, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 2805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12202805.

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Marine heatwaves (excessive seawater temperature increases) pose high risk to bivalves’ health and farming. The seawater temperature increase is responsible for various pathogen population expansions causing intense stress to marine organisms. Since the majority of knowledge so far derives from laboratory experiments, it is crucial to investigate stress responses in field conditions in order to understand the mechanisms leading to bivalves’ mortality events after exposure to temperature extremes. Thus, we evaluated the pathophysiological response of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis originating from mortality events enhanced by intense heatwaves in Thermaikos Gulf, north Greece, along with Marteilia refrigens infection. Mussels that have been exposed to high environmental stressors such as high temperature were examined for various molecular and biochemical markers, such as hsp70, bax, bcl-2, irak4 and traf6 gene expression, as well as the enzymatic activity of the hsp70, hsp90, bax, bcl-2, cleaved caspases, TNFa and ll-6 proteins. Furthermore, histopathology and molecular positivity to Marteilia sp. were addressed and correlated with the gene expression results. Our findings elucidate the molecular and biochemical pathways leading to mortality in farmed mussels in the context of Marteilia infection, which according to the results is multiplied by heatwaves causing a significant increase in pathophysiological markers.

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Jones, Hannah F. E., Conrad A. Pilditch, David P. Hamilton, and Karin R. Bryan. "Impacts of a bivalve mass mortality event on an estuarine food web and bivalve grazing pressure." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 3 (October 20, 2016): 370–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2016.1245200.

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Andresen, Henrike, Matthias Strasser, and Jaap van der Meer. "Estimation of Density-Dependent Mortality of Juvenile Bivalves in the Wadden Sea." PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (August 8, 2014): e102491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102491.

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Parada, José Manuel, José Molares, and Xusto Otero. "Multispecies Mortality Patterns of Commercial Bivalves in Relation to Estuarine Salinity Fluctuation." Estuaries and Coasts 35, no. 1 (July 6, 2011): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9426-2.

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Nowlan, Joseph P., John S. Lumsden, and Spencer Russell. "Advancements in Characterizing Tenacibaculum Infections in Canada." Pathogens 9, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121029.

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Tenacibaculum is a genus of gram negative, marine, filamentous bacteria, associated with the presence of disease (tenacibaculosis) at aquaculture sites worldwide; however, infections induced by this genus are poorly characterized. Documents regarding the genus Tenacibaculum and close relatives were compiled for a literature review, concentrating on ecology, identification, and impacts of potentially pathogenic species, with a focus on Atlantic salmon in Canada. Tenacibaculum species likely have a cosmopolitan distribution, but local distributions around aquaculture sites are unknown. Eight species of Tenacibaculum are currently believed to be related to numerous mortality events of fishes and few mortality events in bivalves. The clinical signs in fishes often include epidermal ulcers, atypical behaviors, and mortality. Clinical signs in bivalves often include gross ulcers and discoloration of tissues. The observed disease may differ based on the host, isolate, transmission route, and local environmental conditions. Species-specific identification techniques are limited; high sequence similarities using conventional genes (16S rDNA) indicate that new genes should be investigated. Annotating full genomes, next-generation sequencing, multilocus sequence analysis/typing (MLSA/MLST), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), and fatty acid methylesters (FAME) profiles could be further explored for identification purposes. However, each aforementioned technique has disadvantages. Since tenacibaculosis has been observed world-wide in fishes and other eukaryotes, and the disease has substantial economic impacts, continued research is needed.

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Pernet, Fabrice, Coralie Lupo, Cédric Bacher, and Richard J. Whittington. "Infectious diseases in oyster aquaculture require a new integrated approach." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1689 (March 5, 2016): 20150213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0213.

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Emerging diseases pose a recurrent threat to bivalve aquaculture. Recently, massive mortality events in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas associated with the detection of a microvariant of the ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1µVar) have been reported in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Although the spread of disease is often viewed as a governance failure, we suggest that the development of protective measures for bivalve farming is presently held back by the lack of key scientific knowledge. In this paper, we explore the case for an integrated approach to study the management of bivalve disease, using OsHV-1 as a case study. Reconsidering the key issues by incorporating multidisciplinary science could provide a holistic understanding of OsHV-1 and increase the benefit of research to policymakers.

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Kim, Hyoun Joong, Sib Sankar Giri, Sang Guen Kim, Sang Wha Kim, Jun Kwon, Sung Bin Lee, and Se Chang Park. "Isolation and Characterization of Two Bacteriophages and Their Preventive Effects against Pathogenic Vibrio coralliilyticus Causing Mortality of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Larvae." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (June 19, 2020): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060926.

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Vibrio coralliilyticus is one of the major pathogens causing mass mortality in marine bivalve larvae aquaculture. To prevent and control Vibrio spp. infections in marine bivalve hatcheries, various antibiotics are overused, resulting in environmental pollution and the creation of multi-drug-resistant strains. Therefore, research on the development of antibiotic substitutes is required. In this study, we isolated two bacteriophages (phages) that specifically infected pathogenic V. coralliilyticus from an oyster hatchery and designated them as pVco-5 and pVco-7. Both phages were classified as Podoviridae and were stable over a wide range of temperatures (4–37 °C) and at pH 7.0–9.0. Thus, both phages were suitable for application under the environmental conditions of an oyster hatchery. The two phages showed confirmed significant bactericidal efficacy against pathogenic V. coralliilyticus in an in vitro test. In the in vivo experiment, the phage pre-treated groups of Pacific oyster larvae showed significantly lower mortality against V. coralliilyticus infection than untreated control larvae. The results of the present study suggest that both phages could be used in the artificial marine bivalve seedling industry; not only to prevent pathogenic V. coralliilyticus infection, but also to reduce antibiotic overuse.

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Bakran-Petricioli, Tatjana, Dajana Kujundžić, Martina Naranđa, Donat Petricioli, Lucija Petricioli, and Silvija Kipson. "Fouling Community on Pinna nobilis Larval Collectors in the Adriatic—Impact of Invasive Species." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2023): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030618.

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In the last few years, the endemic Mediterranean bivalve Pinna nobilis has been exposed to dramatic mortality in its entire area, which could lead to the extinction of the species. Throughout the Mediterranean, a lot of effort is being put into finding ways of preserving it. One of the methods used to monitor recruitment and juveniles’ survival is the installation of collectors for bivalve larvae. We installed collectors at two locations: in Brijuni National Park (North Adriatic) and Luka Cove (central Adriatic). Our aim was to compare the fouling community on the collectors in two consecutive years (2019 and 2020), especially because the installation of collectors in 2020 coincided with mass mortality events of P. nobilis in the area. The number and size of juvenile P. nobilis and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the fouling communities were determined. The results show a reduction in the number and size of juvenile P. nobilis and an explosion of the invasive bivalve Anadara transversa population on collectors in the second year. In Luka Cove, another invasive species—the ascidian Styela plicata—also seriously affected other organisms on the collectors to the point of preventing analysis of the fouling community.

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Kimmerer, Wim J., and Laurence Lougee. "Bivalve grazing causes substantial mortality to an estuarine copepod population." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 473 (December 2015): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2015.08.005.

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Green, Mark A., George G. Waldbusser, Shannon L. Reilly, Karla Emerson, and Scott O'Donnell. "Death by dissolution: Sediment saturation state as a mortality factor for juvenile bivalves." Limnology and Oceanography 54, no. 4 (May 8, 2009): 1037–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.4.1037.

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Jessopp, M. J. "The quick and the dead: larval mortality due to turbulent tidal transport." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 3 (May 16, 2007): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407055580.

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Marine populations are typically connected over greater spatial scales than their terrestrial counterparts due to many species having a highly dispersive, planktonic larval phase. However, high levels of larval mortality in the plankton may reduce connectivity between populations. The effect of turbulence on larval mortality was investigated under natural conditions in a field experiment. Larvae were collected before and after being subjected to turbulent tidal flow from a marine reserve, with differential mortality being observed between taxa. Thin-shelled veligers of gastropods and bivalves showed significantly increased mortality, while barnacle nauplii and cyprids, bryozoan cyphonaute larvae and polychaete trochophores showed no effect of turbulent tidal transport. Where appropriate, marine reserve design should account for the reduced connectivity between populations associated with turbulent tidal transport between reserve and adjacent areas.

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BARO, JORGE, TERESA GARCIA, JAVIER URRA, MATIAS LOZANO, and JOSE LUIS RUEDA. "Exploitation status and stock assessment of the smooth clam Callista chione (Linnaeus, 1758) in the northern Alboran Sea (GSA01-W Mediterranean Sea)." Mediterranean Marine Science 19, no. 1 (May 23, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.14193.

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The smooth clam, Callista chione (Linnaeus, 1758), is a venerid bivalve widely appreciated in southern Spain where it represents the top commercial bivalve species in terms of landings and economic value. In this area, a total of 223 artisanal boats (68% of the artisanal fleet) are involved in shellfishing targeting bivalve molluscs, including the smooth clam. The artisanal mechanised dredging that targets C. chione in the northern Alboran Sea is described and the current exploitation status of its populations is analysed. A surplus-production model was run using ASPIC and used to assess the temporal variation in the levels of fishing for this bivalve throughout the study period (2002-2015), as well as to suggest conservation reference points that could guarantee the sustainable exploitation of this resource. During the study period, the maximum C. chione catch was registered in 2003 (306 t) and the minimum in 2006 (93 t). The ASPIC model for C. chione stock suggests that a Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) of 216 t could be produced from a total stock biomass of 983 t (Bmsy) at a fishing mortality rate of total biomass of 0.22 (Fmsy), with B/Bmsy and F/Fmsy values of 1.34 and 0.82, respectively, indicating that the stock is approaching good status.

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Kwan, Tzu Nin, Christopher Bolch, and John Bowman. "Necrotic disease in bivalve larval cultures." Microbiology Australia 38, no. 3 (2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma17048.

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The health of marine bivalve larvae is greatly affected by bacteria in the environment particularly when reared in marine hatcheries. This is generally because high stocking densities resulting in high organic loads of both food and faeces, can support increased bacterial growth and biomass levels. Increased bacterial load can lead to larval disease referred to as bacillary necrosis (BN) leading in turn to rapid larval mortality and loss of production. Despite more than 50 years since the first detailed description of BN, we still do not fully understand its causes and mechanisms. Through the manipulation of a model larval culture of the Australian blue mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), we determined that BN is linked with rapid and systematic changes in the bacterial community.

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Barbosa Solomieu, Valérie, Tristan Renault, and Marie-Agnès Travers. "Mass mortality in bivalves and the intricate case of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 131 (October 2015): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2015.07.011.

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Valkirs, Aldis O., Bradley M. Davidson, and Peter F. Seligman. "Sublethal growth effects and mortality to marine bivalves from long-term exposure to tributyltin." Chemosphere 16, no. 1 (January 1987): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(87)90124-x.

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Walter, John, John M. Hoenig, Robert J. Wood, and Karen Marti. "An estimator of episodic mortality in bivalves with an application to sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus)." Fisheries Research 86, no. 2-3 (September 2007): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2007.05.001.

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JOLY, J. P., N. COCHENNEC-LAUREAU, A. FOUGEROUSE, and C. FRANÇOIS. "Les réseaux d’épidémio-surveillance REPANUI et REPAMO." INRAE Productions Animales 20, no. 3 (September 7, 2007): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2007.20.3.3462.

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Le réseau français REPAMO a été créé en 1992 pour répondre aux directives européennes relatives aux conditions de police sanitaire des animaux d’aquaculture et au contrôle de certaines maladies affectant les mollusques bivalves. Ses missions sont : 1) la surveillance des maladies à déclaration obligatoire présentes en France, 2) l’étude des mortalités anormales, 3) la surveillance du statut zoosanitaire des populations de mollusques sauvages ou cultivés. Le réseau REPANUI a été créé plus récemment pour répondre à des buts similaires, en insistant plus particulièrement sur le suivi de la santé des huîtres perlières en appui à la filière d’élevage polynésienne.

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Ricciardi, A., J. B. Rasmussen, and F. G. Whoriskey. "Predicting the intensity and impact of Dreissena infestation on native unionid bivalves from Dreissena field density." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 1449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-140.

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Introduced dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis) foul native unionid bivalves by attaching to their shells in large clusters and may critically impair many North American unionids that are already threatened by habitat degradation. Using literature and new field data, we examined patterns of Dreissena infestation on unionids, and the relationships between Dreissena field density, infestation intensity, and unionid mortality. Linear regression models showed that Dreissena field density strongly predicts (i) the proportion of unionids colonized by dreissenids (r2 = 0.90, p < 0.0001) and (ii) the mean number of dreissenids attached to unionids (r2 = 0.81, p < 0.0001). We fitted a compound Poisson model that accounts for dreissenid clustering and predicts both the proportion of colonized unionids and the mean infestation intensity as effectively as our empirically derived models. The proportion of unionids colonized by Dreissena follows a saturation curve, increasing rapidly with Dreissena densities up to 200/m2, and reaching a plateau at 70–80% colonization. Unionid mortality (reflected by the proportion of dead unionids) is strongly correlated with Dreissena field density (r2 = 0.82, p < 0.002) at densities above 1000/m2. Our models predict that severe unionid mortality (>90%) occurs when Dreissena density and mean infestation intensity reach 6000/m2 and 100 dreissenids/unionid.

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Kim, Hyoun Joong, Jin Woo Jun, Sib Sankar Giri, Cheng Chi, Saekil Yun, Sang Guen Kim, Sang Wha Kim, et al. "Identification and Genome Analysis of Vibrio coralliilyticus Causing Mortality of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Larvae." Pathogens 9, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030206.

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Vibrio coralliilyticus is known as a coral pathogen that also infects marine bivalve larvae worldwide. It is considered to be one of the major constraints in artificial marine bivalve seed production as it causes mortality. In this study, we first isolated and characterized a high virulent of V. coralliilyticus designated as SNUTY-1 that was the cause of Pacific oyster larvae mortality in Korea. In the pathogenicity test, exposure to 2.14 × 105 CFU/mL for 24 h caused mortality to 88.65 ± 2.4% of the tested healthy Pacific oyster larvae. SNUTY-1 showed anti-microbial resistance to β-lactams, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. We sequenced and assembled the complete genome of SNUTY-1 (5,842,676 bp), consisting of two chromosomes (Chr I and Chr II) and two plasmids (pSNUTY1 and pSNUTY2). The COG functional analysis confirmed that Chr I had more genes associated with basic cellular functions in comparison to Chr II. The results of the phylogenetic trees based on OrthoANI values indicated that the SNUTY-1 was closely related to V. coralliilyticus strains. SNUTY-1 had a unique plasmid (pSNUTY2), which could mean that the Korean isolate is different from other sequenced V. coralliilyticus strains from different geographical origins. Toxic proteins such as cytolysin/hemolysin and extracellular metalloprotease genes were encoded on Chr I and Chr II of SNUTY-1. These data facilitate the control of V. coralliilyticus infections in aquaculture by providing valuable insights into the biodiversity of this organism and valuable information for the study of virulence factors.

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Bódis, E., B. Tóth, and R. Sousa. "Massive mortality of invasive bivalves as a potential resource subsidy for the adjacent terrestrial food web." Hydrobiologia 735, no. 1 (January 29, 2013): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1445-5.

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McArthur, V. E. "Post-settlement mortality of juvenile lagoonal cockles ( Cerastoderma glaucum : Mollusca: Bivalvia)." Marine Biology 132, no. 1 (August 28, 1998): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050377.

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Kasapoğlu, Nazlı. "Population structure and shell dimension of the invasive veined whelk (Rapana venosa)." Journal of Fisheries 9, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 91205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.256.

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The veined whelk (Rapana venosa) is a widely known invasive species in the Black Sea. This species exerts negative impacts on the Black Sea ecosystem including destruction of bivalve, mussel and oyster populations. This study aimed to examine population structure using the length-frequency distribution and shell dimensions of R. venosa, collected from the Black Sea. A total of 506 specimens were collected from the Trabzon Coast and classified into 6 age groups using the Bhattacharya method. The Von-Bertalanffy growth parameters were calculated as L∞ = 10.29 cm, k = 0.09, t0 = 1.25 yr–1. The mortality and exploitation rates were estimated as total mortality Z = 0.51 yr–1, fishing mortality F = 0.31 yr–1, annual mortality M = 0.20 yr–1 and exploitation rate E = 0.60 yr–1. This study will help understanding the growth of R. venosa and its management.

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Yamada, Katsumasa, Katsumi Miyazaki, Takeshi Tomiyama, Gen Kanaya, Yoshifumi Miyama, Tomoyoshi Yoshinaga, Kunihiro Wakui, Masanori Tamaoki, and Mitsuharu Toba. "Impact of sea spider parasitism on host clams: susceptibility and intensity-dependent mortality." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 4 (March 14, 2017): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417000200.

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Nymphonella tapetis (Pycnogonida, Ascorhynchidae) is an endoparasitic sea spider affecting bivalves. Recently, sea spiders have been found on a massive scale in the commercially important Manila clams (Veneridae, Ruditapes philippinarum) in Japan (Tokyo Bay). Simultaneously, mass mortality has occurred in this area. Local fishers assumed that this mass mortality was caused by the parasitic sea spider, despite the effect of the parasite and parasite intensity on the host being unknown. To evaluate the susceptibility of the Manila clam to sea spider infestation and the impact on mortality levels, we established six treatments at different infection intensities (density of newly hatched larvae of sea spiders) over a 6-month long laboratory experiment. We monitored mortality and three susceptibility indices (clearance rate, sand-burrowing speed and adductor muscle strength) under sufficient food conditions. Parasitization by sea spider affected clearance rate and sand-burrowing speed. The pattern of parasitic intensity effects on survival of Manila clam hosts was shown to be dependent on the levels of parasite numbers, i.e. clams with lower parasitic levels (total of <200 hatching larvae of sea spider given to a host) have a higher survival rate, and high mortality of host clams was shown in excessively higher parasitic densities (400–4000 individuals). Such pattern of parasitic effects on host survival might be one of the causes of mass mortality of Manila clams occurring in the field.

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Andresen, Henrike, Rob Dekker, and Jaap van der Meer. "Size-Selective Predation Mortality and Growth Rates of 0-group Bivalves Macoma balthica Modeled from Size Distributions." Aquatic Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (December 22, 2014): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ast.v3i1.6812.

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Perceval, Olivier, Yves Couillard, Bernadette Pinel-Alloul, and Peter G. C. Campbell. "Linking changes in subcellular cadmium distribution to growth and mortality rates in transplanted freshwater bivalves (Pyganodon grandis)." Aquatic Toxicology 79, no. 1 (August 2006): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.05.008.

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Horiguchi, Takeo. "Heterocapsa circularisquama sp. nov. (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae): A new marine dinoflagellate causing mass mortality of bivalves in Japan." Phycological Research 43, no. 3 (September 1995): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.1995.tb00016.x.

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Kubota, Kaoru, Kotaro Shirai, Naoko Murakami-Sugihara, Koji Seike, Masayo Minami, Toshio Nakamura, and Kazushige Tanabe. "EVIDENCE OF MASS MORTALITY OF THE LONG-LIVED BIVALVE MERCENARIA STIMPSONI CAUSED BY A CATASTROPHIC TSUNAMI." Radiocarbon 63, no. 6 (November 24, 2021): 1629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2021.98.

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ABSTRACTTsunamis are huge disasters that can significantly damage benthic organisms and the sea-bottom environment in coastal areas. It is of great ecological importance to understand how benthic ecosystems respond to such destructive forces and how individual species are affected. Investigating the effect of such disasters on animals that are seldom caught alive is particularly difficult. Bivalve mollusks are especially suitable for investigating how a tsunami affects coastal benthic species because they preserve an environmental record in their shells that can be extended back in time by crossdating the records of multiple individuals. Here we studied dead shells of Mercenaria stimpsoni, a long-lived clam, and precisely determined the time of death by using nuclear bomb–induced radiocarbon (bomb-14C) and by counting annual growth increments. First, a quasi-continuous, regional bomb-14C record was created by analyzing the shells of 6 live-caught M. stimpsoni individuals. Then 27 dead shells collected from the seafloor of Funakoshi Bay were 14C-dated and analyzed. The results showed that the huge tsunami that struck northeastern Japan on 11 March 2011 caused mass mortality of this bivalve in Funakoshi Bay. Nine of the 27 clams died during the March 2011 tsunami, probably by starvation after burial by tsunami deposits or exposure above the seafloor as a result of sediment liquefaction during the earthquake. The dating method used in this study can help us understand how long-lived marine organisms with low population density are affected by huge natural disasters such as a tsunami.

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McNamara, Marianne E., Darcy J. Lonsdale, and Robert M. Cerrato. "Shifting abundance of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and the implications for larval bivalve mortality." Marine Biology 157, no. 2 (October 22, 2009): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-009-1327-6.

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Bassim, Sleiman, Robert W. Chapman, Arnaud Tanguy, Dario Moraga, and Rejean Tremblay. "Predicting growth and mortality of bivalve larvae using gene expression and supervised machine learning." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 16 (December 2015): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2015.07.004.

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Callaway, Ruth, Daryl Burdon, Anna Deasey, Krysia Mazik, and Michael Elliott. "The riddle of the sands: how population dynamics explains causes of high bivalve mortality." Journal of Applied Ecology 50, no. 4 (June 25, 2013): 1050–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12114.

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Scardua, Marcos Paiva, Rogério Tubino Vianna, Sâmia Sousa Duarte, Natanael Dantas Farias, Maria Luíza Dias Correia, Helen Taynara Araújo dos Santos, and Patricia Mirella da Silva. "Growth, mortality and susceptibility of oyster Crassostrea spp. to Perkinsus spp. infection during on growing in northeast Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 26, no. 4 (November 9, 2017): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612017061.

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Abstract Crassostrea rhizophorae and C. gasar oysters are cultivated in the northeast region. Perkinsus parasites infect bivalves, and their effects on oysters from tropical regions are poorly understood. This study evaluated the impact of Perkinsus infection on the productive traits of native oysters. Oysters were sampled bimonthly during 7 months, from July 2010 to February 2011, to evaluate growth rate, mortality and shell color patterns (white and dark-gray) (n = 500), and to determine the prevalence and intensity of Perkinsus (n = 152). Perkinsus and Crassostrea species were determined using molecular tools. Results showed that most dark-gray (90%, n = 20) and white (67%, n = 18) oysters were C. gasar and C. rhizophorae, respectively. Oysters showed a high growth rate and moderate cumulative mortality (44%). C. gasar oysters grew better and showed lower mortality and lower incidence of Perkinsus compared to C. rhizophorae. The mean prevalence of Perkinsus was moderate (48%), but the infection intensity was light (2.2). Perkinsosis affected very small oysters (19.4 mm). In conclusion, native oysters, especially C. gasar, have a great potential for culture, mortality is not associated with perkinsosis, and the shell color of oysters can be used to improve selection for spats with better performance.

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Waweru, Dr Ngatia Justus. "A Rare Finding of Foreign Bodies (Iron Nails) in the Vagina: Case Report and Review of Literature." EAS Journal of Medicine and Surgery 4, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjms.2022.v04i07.001.

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Foreign objects in the genital tract are commonly encountered by clinicians in all age groups. Detailed history and clinical examination are central to diagnosis although imaging modalities may be required for misplaced objects. Proper management can prevent morbidity and mortality resulting from complications [1]. Our patient presented with a history of severe genital pain and mild per vaginal bleeding. A Cuscos bivalve speculum was inserted and four 3-inches-long iron nails were removed from the vagina. The patient had complete recovery.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bivalves – Mortalité'

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