Journal articles on the topic 'Bitches (Dogs) Reproduction'
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1
Reynaud, Karine, Sylvie Chastant-Maillard, Séverine Batard, Sandra Thoumire, and Philippe Monget. "IGF system and ovarian folliculogenesis in dog breeds of various sizes: is there a link?" Journal of Endocrinology 206, no. 1 (April 20, 2010): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-09-0450.
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The IGF system plays a crucial role in ovarian folliculogenesis, and changes in IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) levels modulate IGF bioavailability. Data from various mammalian models suggest a link between body size, IGF1 in serum and female reproduction parameters. Among the vertebrate species, the dog exhibits the widest span in body height. Height is known to be positively correlated with the concentration of serum IGF1. In this work, the ovarian physiology of 40 bitches exhibiting a wide span of height, and breed type was investigated. IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP3, estradiol (E2), and progesterone concentrations in plasma and preovulatory follicular fluid were quantified. A total of 455 follicles, 2–8 mm in diameter, were recovered at the preovulatory stage, measured, and punctured. Intrafollicular levels of IGF1 were positively correlated with plasma levels, and plasma IGF1 levels were positively correlated with both bitch height and weight. The concentrations were threefold higher in large dogs compared with small dogs. A positive correlation between intrafollicular and plasmatic IGFBP3 levels and a positive correlation between plasmatic IGFBP3 levels, and both height and weight of the bitches were observed. The number of preovulatory follicles and the diameter of the three largest follicles were positively correlated with bitch height. E2 intrafollicular concentrations were higher in preovulatory follicles from small animals than in those from large animals. In conclusion, the strong variability in height between dogs appeared to be associated with dramatic differences in IGF1, and IGFBP3 levels, in both plasma and follicular fluid. These differences were associated with significant differences in some functional aspects of ovarian follicles.
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Santos, Natalia Ribeiro, Alexandra Beck, Cindy Maenhoudt, Charlotte Billy, and Alain Fontbonne. "Profile of Dogs’ Breeders and Their Considerations on Female Reproduction, Maternal Care and the Peripartum Stress—An International Survey." Animals 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 2372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082372.
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Dogs are part of many households worldwide and in recent years in some western countries, more and more people describe them as members of the family. The accurate number of dogs per household and the actual demand for puppies are hard to estimate correctly. The sources of dogs seem to be an important element to consider before acquiring a dog since some behavioural disorders are more likely observed in dogs coming from puppy mills and pet stores. Therefore, there is an increased need to better-know dog breeders, theirs believes and practices. To full-fill this objective, an online questionnaire in five different languages (English, German, Polish, Portuguese and Spanish) was sent to dog breeders. The survey intended to study the demographics of dog breeders and to understand their perception and practices about reproduction, maternal behaviour and management of the dam during the peripartum period. We were also interested to evaluate the occurrence and the impact of stress around parturition and how breeders deal with overstressed bitches and if they believe that motherly quality could have a later-on effect on the livelihood of the dog. Six hundred and sixty-eight respondents participated in the survey, mainly from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Portugal, Poland, Spain, United Kingdom, United States of America and non-listed country (reported as ‘other’ in the survey). A country effect was observed in relation to housing system, human interaction, the use of techniques to define breeding and whelping time and different methods to manage stress during the peripartum period. Considering the demographics of the responders, breeding activity is, in general, a family based activity with an effect of country. Use of progesterone levels to manage reproduction and pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasound were cited as common practice. In general, parturition takes place under human supervision. Peripartum period was perceived as a stressful moment with a difference in the way of addressing the problem based on the country but reassuring the bitch by increasing human presence was frequently described. Inappropriate maternal behaviour was observed by half of responders and if presented primiparous bitches and parturition by C-section were overrepresented. Puppies stayed with the dams from 4 weeks to 9 weeks and dog breeders from Spain, Poland and Portugal are keeping puppies with their mother the longest. Overall, poor maternal behaviour has an impact on puppies’ cognitive development with German breeders being more convinced than their counterparts from Brazil and Spain.
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Santos, Natalia R. dos, Alexandra Beck, and Alain Fontbonne. "The View of the French Dog Breeders in Relation to Female Reproduction, Maternal Care and Stress during the Peripartum Period." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010159.
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In France, as in many other western countries, dogs are an important part of the society as pets or working animals. The exact demand for puppies in France is unknown, as is the proportion of dogs coming from different breeding sources. Nevertheless, the origin of puppies is important since young dogs from puppy mills and pet stores appear to be more likely to develop behavioral disorders. Puppies coming from responsible breeders, on the other hand, tend to be better adapted. In well-managed kennels, an explanation for these behavioral differences may be associated with greater contact of litters with the dam and humans. Another factor that might influence a dog’s temperament and character is maternal behavior. Although recent studies have shown that the quality of maternal care in dogs is important, direct effects on the development of behavioral problems such as fearfulness or noise sensitivity are still controversial. To better understand the view of breeders, due to an increased interest in maternal care of dogs, an online questionnaire was developed to assess the dog breeders’ profiles and to explore their perception of normal maternal and stress-related behaviors during the peripartum period. In addition, the management of the female during this critical time was queried. Three-hundred and forty-five French dog breeders, representing 91 breeds, completed the online survey. Considering the demographics of the responders, breeding activity in France is mostly family-based with 76% raising two breeds of dogs that produce, on average, five litters/year. Around 60% of the breeders use progesterone levels to determine breeding date. The whelping date is estimated using multiple criteria and most labors and deliveries happen under human supervision. The majority of behaviors associated to good maternal care are defined by the vast majority as being related to more attention of the bitch towards the puppies with the frequency of nursing and licking being important clues. Globally, the peripartum is perceived as a stressful period and to minimize stress and reassure the bitch the favored method used is increasing human presence. Problems related to maternal behavior were described, notably with primiparous bitches.
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Freitas, Luana Azevedo de, Fábio Roger Vasconcelos, Arlindo Alencar Araripe Noronha Moura, Stefanie Bressan Waller, Paula Priscila Correia Costa, Brenda Madruga Rosa, Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro, and Lúcia Daniel Machado da Silva. "Histomorphometry and uterine proteomics during the normal reproductive cycle in bitches." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (August 22, 2021): e18101119093. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19093.
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We aimed to evaluate the histomorphometry and proteomic profile of the canine uterus during all stages of the reproductive cycle. Eighteen healthy female dogs had their estrous cycle identified by clinical evaluation, vaginal cytology, and serum progesterone levels, which were allocated to the proestrus (n=5), estrus (n=5), diestrus (n=5), and anestrus (n=3) groups. All were submitted to elective ovariosalpingohysterectomy, and the uteri were collected for histomorphometric measurement (Image J software). For proteomic analysis, fragments of the uterine horns were subjected to protein measurement (Bradford method) and extraction by 2D electrophoresis (PDquest software). The results showed that the diestrus promoted greater values of thickness in the uterine structures (μm): uterine wall (2,223.8±229.8), endometrium (819.7±109.1), and myometrium (1,392.6±294.2). Uterus showed a protein profile with good reproducibility per phase (pI: 3.5–9.0; PM: 24–150 KDa), with 11 spots in all phases. Despite the greatest histomorphometric changes in the diestrus, we observed a greater number of spots in the estrus (253±45), followed by the proestrus (185±21), diestrus (113±39), and anestrus (80±21). This finding showed probable participation of these proteins in the uterine preparation for receiving gametes for fertilization. Our results showed greater uterine thickness in the diestrus, and greater protein secretion in the estrus, contributing to the prospection of identification of proteins responsible for the biological reproduction processes.
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Skliarov, P. М., O. V. Holubiev, D. D. Bilyi, L. H. Roman, M. O. Lieshchova, and O. M. Bobrytska. "Efficiency test microscope “Arbor Elite” for determining the fertile period of bitches." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, no. 101 (April 5, 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet10110.
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Choosing the optimal time of insemination of she-dogs is one of the urgent problems in the reproduction of dogs, because it causes fertility and can be the cause of artificially acquired infertility or low in fertility. To this end, a number of methods are used in practice, but none of them fully meets the requirements. Therefore, the question of choosing a method for determining the optimal time of insemination of bitches remains unresolved. In this regard, the purpose of our research was to study the effectiveness of the use of the microscope “Arbor Elite” to determine the fertile period of she-dogs. The work was performed in the Clinical Diagnostic Center “Rancho” of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University. The material for the study were female dogs of different breeds with a physiological course of sexual cycling. In order to determine the optimal time of insemination of bitches used test microscope “Arbor Elite”, the principle of which is based on the phenomenon of salivation arborization, due to the presence of salts that crystallize as a result of increasing estrogen in the body in the stage of proestrus-estrus. There are 3 types of dried saliva after crystallization: Type I – small crystals in the form of thin stems/a large number of formed crystals “twigs”. Fertilization is probable (stage of proestrus with insignificant / moderate estrogen secretion); Type II – fern leaves, crystals with a thick stem. The probability of fertilization is maximum (estrus stage with maximum estrogen production); Type III – outlines of sand or pebbles, no crystals. Fertilization is unlikely (met- / diestrus stage). It is established that the efficiency of using the test microscope “Arbor Elite” to determine the fertile period of female dogs is 85.2 %. However, the effectiveness of the method can be increased by differentiating endocrine pathology. In addition, the use of a test microscope “Arbor Elite” has other advantages, in particular, is simple, does not require special knowledge or training, so it can be used at home. But the main advantage is that its implementation in combination with other methods can reduce financial costs and reduce the impact of stressors (ie reduces the number of visits for sampling and cytological and hormonal tests). The method of determining the fertile period of she-dogs using a test microscope “Arbor Elite” needs further research and improvement, and its combination with other methods will optimize the diagnosis of optimal insemination time not only in bitches but also in females of different species.
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Dzięcioł, M., J. Politowicz, A. Szumny, and W. Niżański. "Methyl paraben as a sex pheromone in canine urine – is the question still open?" Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2014-0090.
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Abstract The literature concerning the issue of canine sex pheromones includes reports presenting completely conflicting opinions about the chemical composition of the canine urine in the context of semiochemical communication. At present, the predominant report cited by many different authors is the article published in Science in 1979 by Goodwin at al., presenting methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (methyl paraben) as the main canine sex pheromone. While it has been proved that pure methyl paraben lacks semiochemical activity as do commercially available products containing this substance (Eau D’Estrus, Synbiotics, USA), in view of the conflicting published reports the aim of this study was to revaluate using modern techniques the presence of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate in canine urine during different phases of the ovarian cycle. Ten female dogs of different breeds were used. Urine samples from bitches collected during various stages of the ovarian cycle were examined with using the SPME and GC/MS methods. Methyl paraben was not detected in any of the samples. In conclusion, because of the lack of methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate in the samples examined, the present study confirmed negative opinions on the possibility of this substance playing a crucial role in semiochemical communication during reproduction in dogs (Canis familiaris).
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Palomino, Jaime, Javiera Flores, Georges Ramirez, Victor H. Parraguez, and Monica De los Reyes. "Expression Profiles of the Progesterone Receptor, Cyclooxygenase-2, Growth Differentiation Factor 9, and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Transcripts in the Canine Oviducts during the Oestrous Cycle." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020454.
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The gene expression in the canine oviduct, where oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development occur, is still elusive. This study determined the oviductal expression of (PR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9), and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) during the canine oestrous cycle. Samples were collected from bitches at anoestrus (9), proestrus (7), oestrus (8), and dioestrus (11), after routine ovariohysterectomy and the ovarian surface structures and plasma progesterone concentration evaluated the physiological status of each donor. The oviductal cells were isolated and pooled. Total RNA was isolated, and gene expression was assessed by qPCR followed by analysis using the t-test and ANOVA. The PR mRNA increased (P < 0.05) from the anoestrus to dioestrus with the plasma progesterone concentration (r = 0.8). COX-2 mRNA expression was low in the anoestrus and proestrus, and negligible in the oestrus, while it was around 10-fold higher (P < 0.05) in the dioestrus. The GDF-9 mRNA was expressed during all phases of the oestrous cycle and was most abundant (P < 0.05) during oestrus phase. The BMP-15 mRNA decreased (P < 0.05) in the anoestrus and proestrus phases. Thus, the transcripts were differentially expressed in a stage-dependent manner, suggesting the importance of oestrous cycle regulation for successful reproduction in dogs.
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Caffaratti, Marina, Griselda González, Nora Gorla, and Corina Guendulain. "Reproductive Parameters of the Dogo Argentino Bitch." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2013 (October 28, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/495975.
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The Dogo Argentino (DA) is the first and only breed from Argentina recognized worldwide. Although its morphologic features have been well established, its normal reproductive parameters are not clearly known. The aim of this study was to determine the main DA bitch reproductive parameters. One hundred and forty-nine surveys were obtained from breeders from Córdoba province, Argentina: one for each intact DA bitch from 1 to 14 years old. The DA bitch reached puberty at an average of 8.93 months. The mean duration of vulval bleeding found in this study was 11.11 days. The clinical signs characteristic for proestrous-estrous were vulval edema (89.93%), bleeding during the time of mating (32.21%), holding the tail to the side (95.30%), and docility during mating (85.91%). DA bitches had a whelping rate of 84%. Out of 299 pregnancies, 89.30% exhibited a normal parturition, 6.69% presented dystocia, 2.68% needed Cesarean section, and 1.34% aborted. In conclusion, the reproductive parameters of the DA bitch are similar to those identified for other large breeds. DA often showed a prolonged vulval bleeding longer than proestrus. Its high whelping rate, its low incidence of dystocia, and its good maternal ability define the DA as a good reproductive breed with normal reproductive functions.
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Dzięcioł, M., W. Niżański, T. Jezierski, A. Szumny, E. J. Godzińska, M. Ochota, E. Stańczyk, L. Najder-Kozdrowska, M. Woszczyło, and B. Pieczewska. "The Efficiency of Synthetic Sex Pheromones in Sexual Arousal Stimulation in Domestic Dogs." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2017-0052.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of synthetic bitch sex pheromones (Eau’ De Estrus®, Synbiotics USA) for the stimulation of the reproductive reflexes in adult male dogs. In experiment I: anoestral bitches were applied synthetic (n=6) or natural (n=6) pheromones and their attractiveness was compared to the attractiveness of bitches in natural oestrus, In experiment II: swabs socked in natural estrual discharge or Eau D’Estrus were presented to male dogs and behavioral arousal (Exp. II a) and changes in blood flow in the penile artery reflecting erection (Exp. II b) were recorded. In experiment III the time dedicated for sniffing in experimental dogs was analyzed in relation to the type of attractant presented (natural estrual discharge or Eau D’Estrus). In all three experiments we observed the signs of sexual arousal, increased blood flow in the penile artery and increased time of sniffing only with natural pheromones. No signs of excitation or changes in penis perfusion were noted after the use of artificial pheromones. Our results did not support the suitability of Eau D’Estrus for male dog sexual stimulation.
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WDOWIAK, ANNA, ADRIANNA DUDZIAK, MAREK SZCZUBIAŁ, ROLAND KUSY, MARIOLA BOCHNIARZ, ANNA ŚMIECH, ASTA TVARIJONAVICIUTE, and ROMAN DĄBROWSKI. "Role of C-reactive protein determination to assay the inflammatory process in the course of ovarian cysts in female dogs." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 74, no. 1 (2018): 6003–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6003.
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Searching for new more accurate biomarkers in order to evaluate the health of bitches with reproductive disorders and disturbances has been a subject of inquiry for many researchers. Biomarkers are measurable indicators, the concentrations of which are dependent on the degree and type of stimulus. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) has been proven to be a valuable biomarker for health status evaluation of bitches suffering from reproductive disorders, such as pyometra, as well as for treatment monitoring. However, no data are available related to the CRP profile in bitches with ovarian cysts for a better evaluation of their condition and prognosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the possible usefulnessof CRP determination in the serum of bitches with ovarian cysts. Our results suggest that CRP concentrations could be useful indicators of the presence of ovarian cysts, although studies with more animals are needed..
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Seki, M., Y. Yamazaki, N. Watanabe, K. Ishii, Y. Kinoshita, T. Aihara, S. Takeiri, and T. Otoi. "169 PREDICTION OF THE OPTIMAL DAY OF MATING IN THE BITCH USING A BOVINE PLASMA PROGESTERONE ELISA KIT." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab169.
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The present study was conducted to predict the optimal day of mating by measurement of progesterone concentration in peripheral blood of bitches using a bovine plasma progesterone ELISA kit (enzyme-immunoassay practice P kit; Kawasaki Mitaka K.K., Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan). In the first experiment, blood samples were collected from 20 mature beagle bitches once a day from 1 to 13 days after the onset of proestrus (Day = 0). All bitches were mated with male beagle dogs twice on Day 9 and Day 12 after the onset of proestrus and then allowed to undergo parturition. In the second experiment, blood samples were collected from 16 mature and 7 prepubertal beagle bitches; the blood collections were randomly started between Day 4 and Day 6 and performed three times after the initiation of blood collection (the first, third, and fourth days). The bitches with progesterone concentration of <10 ng mL-1 at the end of progesterone analysis were mated with male beagle dogs twice at 3-day intervals between Day 9 and Day 15 according to the hormonal profile. Data were compared by chi-square analysis. In the first experiment, a total of 20 bitches were mated with male dogs irrespective of hormonal profiles, of which 17 bitches became pregnant and delivered offspring. Two of the non-pregnant bitches did not show an increase of progesterone concentration during the progesterone analysis period, and the other one showed a high progesterone concentration (>10 ng mL-1) before the mating. In the second experiment, 6 of 23 bitches were excluded from the mating with male dogs because their progesterone concentrations had reached >10 ng mL-1 by the second day of progesterone analysis. The percentage of prepubertal bitches with high progesterone concentration before the mating (4/7, 57%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of mature bitches (2/16, 13%). A total of 17 bitches were mated with male dogs, of which 15 bitches became pregnant and delivered offspring. These results indicate that the bovine plasma progesterone ELISA kit is useful for the prediction of the optimal day of mating with male dogs, and progesterone analysis may be effective for exclusion of bitches that have ovulated before mating.
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Hassan, B., K. H. Taunak, K. A. Mada, S. M. Umar, T. M. Saidu, and G. M. Aminu. "Puerperal Septic Fever and Helminthosis in a 5-Year-Old German Shepherd Bitch." Nigerian Veterinary Journal 42, no. 3 (July 10, 2022): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i3.7.
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Puerperium is a period post-partum characterized by physiological changes whereby the upper and lower reproductive tracts of the female genital system progressively tries to histologically and endocrinologically return to its pre-gravid state and the period is accompanied by adequate uterine tone for lochia elimination and epithelial regeneration (Voorwald and Tiosso, 2015). Normally, during puerperium the bitch exhibit initially greenish discharge (due to marginal haematoma), then serosanguinous vaginal discharge for 1–6 weeks being the time considered, as the time of normal uterine involution (Feldman and Nelson, 1986). In the first three weeks brownish, non-odorous lochia will be discharged from the vulva, gradually decreasing in volume after the first week (Von Heimendahl et al., 2009). In bitches, the normal uterine involution requires more and adequate time compared to other species due to its nature of the endothelial placentation and deep uterine wounds created at placentation sites after detachment (Al-Bassam et al., 1981). The duration of the puerperium/periparturient period in the bitch has been defined to be 12 weeks (Al-Bassam et al., 1981, Orfanou et al., 2009) or 15 weeks (Yeager et al., 1990). The Bitch, being a monoestrous, polytococcus, non-seasonal animal has a physiological anestrous stage that lasts between 15 to 30 weeks following either parturition (whelping) or diestrous which is characterized by normal quiescence of the gonads and the tubular reproductive tracts. The peripaturient period that occurs during the anaestrous stage of the reproductive/oestrous cycle of the bitch is very delicate and animals are usually susceptible to varying pathological conditions owing to stress and increased demands from the environment and the newborns. For this reason, follow-up of uterine involution is essential to ensure future reproductive capacity/fertility, since failure to complete reproductive organs regression can lead to endometritis, metritis and placental retention (Hirt et al., 2000; Magata et al., 2013). Many assumptions were raised due to lots of biological activities such as nursing of the puppies, uterine involution, milk production and hormonal changes that take place during postpartum period. Thus, bitches are supposed to be more susceptible to pathologic conditions and therefore, it is important to monitor vital functions, appetite and behaviour of postpartum bitches on a daily basis to enable early detection of illness (Grundy and Davidson, 2004). Increase demand in lactation/milk production may predispose the bitch to hypocalcaemia (puerperal tetany) during this period and also a few days post whelping the cervix is physiologically open, paving ways for ascending uterine infection by pyogenic microbes which may lead to septicemia. Thus, a good health surveillance by both the owners and veterinarians is of paramount significance.Infestation of the gastro-intestinal tract and other organs of the animal body by both the adult and immature stages of endo-parasitic helminths is well documented in dogs, especially in newly whelped or neonates and it constitute one of the main causes of pathologies of the intestinal tract in dogs (Blagburn et al., 1996). The life cycle of the many occurring canine helminth species usually involved a vertical transmission from the dam to her offspring. The route of vertical transmission can be: prenatal (e.g Toxocara canis), lactogenic (e.g Ancylostoma caninum, Strongyloides stercoralis) or via coprophagy (Echinococcus multilocularis, Filaroides hirthi, Oslems osleri). Hypobiosis or developmental arrest allows for certain and specific life-cycle stages of the helminthic parasites (mostly L3) to be temporary in-activated in the somatic tissues of the host until the condition for survival is conducive. Such occurs mostly during pregnancy or when the immunity of the host is severely compromised (Shoop, 1999). The L3 re-activates during gestation and is transmitted to the offspring or neonates via milk during puerperal period, the parasites then infest the intestinal tract of the neonates and cause pathologies such as protein loss, diarrhea, obstruction of lumen, iron-deficiency anaemia (especially hook worms) and mortality in unattended condition (Cromptom, 1989).
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Park, K. S., K. J. Kim, S. A. Choi, J. H. Lee, E. Y. Kim, Y. B. Park, Y. N. Ha, X. Li, J. Y. Park, and M. K. Kim. "322 INDUCTION OF SUPEROVULATION IN PROESTRUS DOGS USING SERUM GONADOTROPIN OF PREGNANT MARES AND HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 1 (2011): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab322.
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Several factors influence the limited application of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the canine species. Most problems arise because of the complex nature of reproductive physiology of the dog. For example, dogs are monoestrus, generally exhibiting oestrus only once every 6 month to 1 year. In the canine species, there has been little research on the ART because of difficulties associated with anatomy and reproductive physiology. Because in vitro maturation of canine oocytes has been particularly difficult, in vivo matured oocytes have been used in somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, the number of oocytes that can be obtained using this approach is limited, with ∼6 to 10 good oocytes being obtained per collection. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different dosages of eCG on folliculogenesis in the dog and to determine the number of oocytes that might be obtained after ovulation. The experimental design involved 3 groups that were treated with different dosages of eCG at the early stage of proestrus; Group A was a nontreatment (control) group, Group B received 200-IU eCG SC injections every day, and Group C was injected with 500 IU of eCG every 2 days until reaching 2 to 3 ng mL–1 serum progesterone concentration, respectively. Dogs in Groups B and C received a 1 000-IU hCG SC injection when progesterone concentrations reached 2 to 3 ng mL–1. The serum progesterone concentration was examined with a Radioimmunoassay Kit (Diagnostic Systems Laboratories Inc., Webster, TX, USA). The day of ovulation was considered as the day when serum progesterone concentration reached 4.0 to 7.2 ng mL–1. Approximately 70 to 76 h after ovulation, the dogs were subjected to the oocyte collection procedure. One-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range tests was performed. The significance level was <0.05. In total, 446 oocytes were recovered from 60 bitches, with an average of 6.4 oocytes/dog in Group A (from 49 bitches), 16.6 oocytes/dog in Group B (from 5 bitches), and 8.5 oocytes/dog in Group C (from 6 bitches). The oocytes collection rate (number of oocytes per dog) in Group B was higher (P < 0.05) than those in the other 2 groups. In conclusion, the results showed that eCG treatment with hCG in early-proestrus-stage bitches can result in a greater number of recovered in vivo matured oocytes. This technology could become a useful research tool for canine cloning and ART.
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Kim, M. J., H. J. Oh, J. E. Park, J. T. Kang, S. G. Hong, O. J. Goo, D. Y. Kim, and B. C. Lee. "39 FACTORS AFFECTING PREGNANCY RATE FOLLOWING TRANSFER OF SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER EMBRYOS IN DOGS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab39.
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There have been attempts to find out factors influencing pregnancy rate after transfer of somatic cell nuclear transferred (SCNT) couplets in several species. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of parity, surgical history, and synchronization state between oocytes donor and recipient on the pregnancy rate following transfer of SCNT embryos in dogs. A total of 25 mixed-breed female dogs, aged 1 to 5 years old, weighing 20 to 35 kg were used in this study. In vivo-matured oocytes, obtained by flushing uterine tubes of donor dogs approximately 72 h after ovulation, were used for SCNT. Ovulation was determined by daily serum progesterone concentration. Reconstructed embryos (range = 7–36, average = 18.0 embryos) with normal morphology were surgically transferred into the ampullary portion of the uterine tube of recipient dogs. Pregnancy was determined at least 26 days after transfer by untrasonography. In experiment 1, recipient females were divided into 2 groups: nulliparous (7 bitches) and multiparous (17 bitches) groups. In experiment 2, recipient females were divided into 2 groups by surgical history: operated (10 bitches) and non-operated (14 bitches) groups. Operated group included those with a history of 1 laparotomy, either flushing of uterine tubes or SCNT embryo transfer. Non-operated group included those without history of any surgery. In experiment 3, recipient females were divided into 2 groups: synchronous (13 bitches) and asynchronous (7 bitches) groups. Synchronous was defined that the oocyte donor dog and the recipient dog ovulate at the same day. Asynchronous was defined that the oocyte donor dog ovulates 1 day earlier than the recipient. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System program (SAS Institute, version 9.1, Cary, NC, USA). In experiment 1, pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the multiparous group than the nulliparous group (23.5 v. 14.2%, P < 0.05). In experiment 2, surgical history did not influence the pregnancy rate between operated and non-operated groups (20.0 and 21.4%, respectively). In experiment 3, pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the asynchronous group than the synchronous group (42.9 v. 15.4%, P < 0.05). In conclusion, multiparous bitches improved the efficiency of SCNT embryo transfer. A higher pregnancy rate resulted when the oocyte donor dog’s ovulation time was 1 day earlier than that of the recipient dog. Other factors should be investigated for further improvement of the SCNT embryo transfer efficiency. This study was financially supported by the Korean MEST, through KOSEF (grant # M10625030005-08N250300510) and the BK21 program for Veterinary Science, and SNU foundation (Benefactor; RNL BIO).
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Oreoluwa Raymond Akinbote, Adedamola Oluwakayode Olanrewaju, Oluropo Michael Obafemi, Samuel Ayodele Famakinde, Akintomiwa Afolarin Bolaji, Mutiat Busayo Rabiu, and Oluwadamilare Olufisayo Leigh. "Advocacy for quantitative progesterone assay in the breeding management of bitches." Ovozoa : Journal of Animal Reproduction 11, no. 3 (December 5, 2022): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ovz.v11i3.2022.98-102.
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Peripheral progesterone titers characterizing the reproductive cycle of the bitch are fairly well-documented in literature. Progesterone titers obtained via fluorescence-immunoassay technique at different points to the appearance-of-bloody-vulva-discharge (ABVD) in apparently healthy, exotic, multi-breed bitches (n = 76) that were subsequently inseminated were summarized using descriptive statistics. The recommended/predictable progesterone titer-ranges- PPTRs (ng/mL) and modality for insemination(s) were: 7.6-8.5 (inseminate-after-24-hours), 8.6-9.9 (inseminate-after-12-hours) and 10.0-20.0 (inseminate-immediately). The length of days from ABVD to the point of obtaining a PPTR (Mean ± SD) was 12.43 ± 3.38 days (range 8-17 days). The frequencies of progesterone assay per bitch were: one-fold (39.47%), two-fold (39.47%). three-fold (18.43%) and four-fold (2.63%). Observations on pregnancy statuses of bitches based on frequency of progesterone assay(s) were: 57.90% (pregnant, multiple-assay), 5.26% (pregnant, one-fold-assay), 26.32% (not-pregnant, multiple-assay) and 10.52% (not-pregnant, single-assay). The litter sizes at the PPTRs (Mean ± SD) i.e., 7.83 ± 1.86 (7.6-8.5 ng/mL), 7.86 ± 1.73 (8.6-9.9 ng/mL) and 8.83 ± 1.86 (10.0-20.0 ng/mL) were comparable with that for the entire study i.e., 8.16 ± 1.87. Similarly, the range of litter sizes at the three PPTRs as well as that for the entire study were same i.e., 5-10 puppies. It is concluded as follows: multiple progesterone assays resulted in higher pregnancy outcome and, litter sizes were not affected as long as insemination(s) occurred within the recommended progesterone titer-ranges. We recommend a comprehensive investigation of all pregnancy determinants, even for apparently healthy dogs, by dog-lovers and, regarding progesterone, multiple-assays, rather than one-fold assay, will upscale their breeding business.
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Vasiu, Iosif, Gabriele Meroni, Roman Dąbrowski, Piera Anna Martino, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Mariola Bochniarz, Raul Alexandru Pop, Florinel Gheorghe Brudaşcă, and Nicodim Iosif Fiţ. "Aerobic Isolates from Gestational and Non-Gestational Lactating Bitches (Canis lupus familiaris)." Animals 11, no. 11 (November 14, 2021): 3259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113259.
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Mastitis is a complex and well-defined mammary gland pathology, and an emergency in bitches. In dogs, its prevalence is about 1% of all reported diseases and about 5.3% of all reproductive pathologies. Lactating bitches are naturally prone to developing mastitis since puppies can easily overstimulate the epidermal layer of nipples during feeding, facilitating bacterial colonization of the glands. This study aimed to describe the aerobic bacterial flora isolated from milk samples derived from a cohort of patients (n = 87) diagnosed with clinical mastitis (n = 29), subclinical mastitis (n = 17) and healthy mammary glands (n = 46). All of the patients underwent a gynecology consultation to diagnose mammary gland afflictions; physical examination results were coupled with traditional hematological findings. The milk samples were plated on specific microbiological media for bacterial isolation. Among the 162 milk samples analyzed, 93.2% (151/162) had a positive microbiological result, while 6.8% (11/162) were sterile. The bacteriological profile of the milk samples showed 47 different species. The most common bacterial families detected in healthy bitches and bitches with subclinical and clinical mastitis were the Staphylococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae families. The results indicated that half of the isolated bacteria are novel findings in dogs and that some of them are normal components of human milk.
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Ruzauskas, M., N. Couto, A. Pavilonis, I. Klimiene, R. Siugzdiniene, M. Virgailis, L. Vaskeviciute, L. Anskiene, and C. Pomba. "Characterization of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from diseased dogs in Lithuania." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2016-0002.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize Staphylococcus pseudintermedius for its antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors with a special focus on methicillin-resistant (MRSP) strains isolated from sick dogs in Lithuania. Clinically sick adult dogs suffering from infections (n=214) and bitches with reproductive disorders (n=36) from kennels were selected for the study. Samples (n=192) from the 250 tested (76.8%) dogs were positive for Staphylococcus spp. Molecular profiling using the species-specific nuc gene identified 51 isolates as S. pseudintermedius (26.6% from a total number of isolated staphylococci) of which 15 isolates were identified as MRSP. Ten MRSP isolates were isolated from bitches with reproductive disorders from two large breeding kennels. Data on susceptibility of S. pseudintermedius to different antimicrobials revealed that all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, daptomycin and linezolid. Two isolates (3.9%) were resistant to rifampicin. A high resistance was seen towards penicillin G (94.1%), tetracycline (64.7%) and macrolides (68.7%). Resistance to fluoroquinolones ranged from 25.5% (gatifloxacin) to 31.4% (ciprofloxacin). The most prevalent genes encoding resistance included blaZ, aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2’’)-Ia, mecA, and tet(M). The Luk-I gene encoding a leukotoxin was detected in 29% of the isolates, whereas the siet gene encoding exfoliative toxin was detected in 69% of the S. pseudintermedius isolates. This report of MRSP in companion animals represents a major challenge for veterinarians in terms of antibiotic therapy and is a concern for both animal and public health.
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Calabrò, Serena, Alessandro Vastolo, Nadia Musco, Pietro Lombardi, Alessandro Troisi, Angela Polisca, Emanuela Vallesi, Riccardo Orlandi, and Monica I. Cutrignelli. "Effects of Two Commercial Diets on Several Reproductive Parameters in Bitches: Note Two—Lactation and Puppies’ Performance." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010173.
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The study aimed to compare two diets, Control (CTR) and Experimental (EX) (mainly differing as regards their ingredients, energy, and protein contents) administered to medium and large-sized bitches from two months before the expected proestrus and up to 30 days after delivery on mothers’ weight, body condition score, litter size, milk quality, and puppies’ growth. No differences were found for body weight during pregnancy, even if the BCS after delivery was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the EX group than in the CTR one. Concerning the size effect, the percentage of weight gain on the initial body weight was double in medium-sized dogs compared to large dogs (p < 0.01). The number of puppies per litter was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the EX group compared to the CTR one. Concerning puppies’ weight, the CTR group showed a significantly (p < 0.01) higher body weight from the 21st day of life due to the significant (p < 0.01) higher daily weight gain during the suckling period. Considering the performance of bitches and puppies, both diets seem useful for these stages of their lives. In fact, after 30 days of lactation, all tested bitches showed a healthy status and both the percentage of newborns mortality and puppies’ growth kinetics fell into the normal physiological range for the species.
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Erdoğan, Güneş. "The gynecological controls in the elderly female dogs." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 3583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25807.
Full textAbstract:
In canine geriatric medicine has many different research areas such as cardiology, endocrinology, dentistry. However, diagnosing many related diseases and complications can be late related to thoughts that spayed dog's genital exams are thought of as unneeded approaches. Reproductive infections, mammary/gynecologic tumoural diseases, and their complications decrease their life quality and have a considerable mortality rate in aged intact and spayed bitches. Therefore, an effective gynecologic health check program supported with different imaging techniques is highly needed in small animal clinics. In this review, it is planned an annual gynecologic examination for older/geriatrics dogs and presented the main steps to early diagnose and prevent genital diseases with high mortality and lower their life quality and longevity.
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Erdoğan, Güneş. "The gynecological controls in the elderly female dogs." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 3583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25807.
Full textAbstract:
In canine geriatric medicine has many different research areas such as cardiology, endocrinology, dentistry. However, diagnosing many related diseases and complications can be late related to thoughts that spayed dog's genital exams are thought of as unneeded approaches. Reproductive infections, mammary/gynecologic tumoural diseases, and their complications decrease their life quality and have a considerable mortality rate in aged intact and spayed bitches. Therefore, an effective gynecologic health check program supported with different imaging techniques is highly needed in small animal clinics. In this review, it is planned an annual gynecologic examination for older/geriatrics dogs and presented the main steps to early diagnose and prevent genital diseases with high mortality and lower their life quality and longevity.
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Beijerink, N. J., H. S. Kooistra, S. J. Dieleman, and A. C. Okkens. "Serotonin antagonist-induced lowering of prolactin secretion does not affect the pattern of pulsatile secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in the bitch." Reproduction 128, no. 2 (August 2004): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00117.
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Dopamine agonists decrease plasma prolactin concentration and shorten the duration of anoestrus in the bitch. In order to determine whether this shortening results from decreased prolactin release or is due to another dopamine agonistic effect on the pulsatile release of FSH and LH, eight anoestrous beagle bitches were treated with a low dose of the serotonin antagonist metergoline (0.1 mg per kg body weight, twice daily) starting 100 days after ovulation. Six-hour plasma profiles of LH and FSH were obtained 7 days before, immediately before, 1 week after, and then at 2-week intervals after the start of the treatment with the serotonin antagonist until signs of pro-oestrus appeared. Plasma prolactin concentration was measured three times weekly from 75 to 142 days after ovulation and thereafter once weekly until the next ovulation, and was observed to decrease significantly after the start of treatment. The length of the interoestrous interval in the treated dogs was, however, not different from that in the preceding pretreatment cycle or from that in a group of untreated bitches. During the first weeks of treatment no changes were observed in the pulsatile plasma profiles of FSH and LH. Four weeks after the start of the treatment with the serotonin antagonist there was an increase in the mean basal plasma FSH concentration and the mean area under the curve for FSH, without a concurrent increase in LH secretion. The increase in FSH secretion continued until late anoestrus. In conclusion, the serotonin antagonist-induced lowering of plasma prolactin concentration was not associated with shortening of the interoestrous interval. The plasma profiles of LH and FSH were similar to those observed during physiological anoestrus, but different from those observed during anoestrus shortened by treatment with a dopamine agonist. Hence the prematurely induced oestrus observed during administration of dopamine agonists cannot be explained by a decreased plasma prolactin concentration but must be due to some other dopamine agonistic effect, probably increased FSH secretion. The observations in this study further strengthen the hypothesis that an increase in circulating FSH is essential for ovarian folliculogenesis and consequently the termination of anoestrus in the bitch.
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Vasetska, A. I., and V. U. Stefanyk. "Method of comlex medicamental contraception in females of domestic animals." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 83 (March 2, 2018): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8370.
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The article presents studies on the use of hormonal contraceptive drugs based on megestrol acetate and comparisons with the developed by us comprehensive drug scheme of contraception. For the experiments were selected 115 clinically healthy female cats aged 1.5 to 6 years and 79 bitches aged 2 to 7 years. They were divided into two groups, control and experimental. Animals of the control group were given only the contraceptive drug on the basis of megestrol acetate, and the animals of the experimental group prescribed a contraceptive drug on the basis of megestrol acetate in combination with homoeopathic preparations «Ovaryovit» and «Mastometrin», which were injected intramuscularly in the dosage for middle and large dogs 2–4 ml, female cats and small breeds of dogs 0.5–2 ml, three times per week, course of treatment six weeks. Diagnosis of the reproductive system and the mammary gland of females of the control and experimental groups of animals for the presence of pathology were conducted one year after the administration of drugs by ultrasound and clinical examination. As a result of the research, it was found that as a result of the comprehensive use of the contraceptive drug on the basis of megestrol acetate with homoeopathic drugs «Ovaryovit» and «Mastometrin», the percentage of diseased animals in the experimental group (disorders at the reproductive system and mammary gland) among cats was less than 16% in comparison with control (P ≤ 0.005). The disorders at the reproductive system and mammary gland in the experimental group of cats were reversible and did not require surgical intervention. In the experimental group of bitches, the percent of animals with disorders in reproductive system and mammary gland were smaller by 22.4% compared with the control group of animals (P ≤ 0.005). And also all disorders at the reproductive system and mammary gland in the experimental group of cats were reversible and did not require surgical intervention. The use of drug contraception in combination with homeopathic remedies for the reproductive system of animals showed a significant reduction in the incidence of pathology of the reproductive system and the mammary gland in cats and females. The use of homeopathic remedies, simultaneously with the setting of synthetic progestogens, reduced the negative impact on the reproductive system and mammary gland of female animals (cats and bitches) with complete suppression of estrus.
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Justino, Rebeca C., Guilherme S. Cardoso, Luiz G. C. Trautwein, Rubens I. A. Alves, Karina K. M. C. Flaiban, and Maria Isabel M. Martins. "Evaluation of physiological parameters of dogs submitted to uterine lymphatic mapping using patent blue V dye for anaphylaxis detection." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, no. 12 (December 2016): 1209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016001200012.
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ABSTRACT: Lymphatic mapping has been performed in humans and dogs. Although several cases of anaphylaxis have been reported in humans, there are no such reports in dogs. The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence of adverse reactions to patent blue V dye in bitches undergoing uterine lymphatic mapping procedures using cardiovascular and hematological evaluations. The experiment was performed in 14 mongrel bitches without any reproductive disease, randomly assigned into two equal groups (PBV- uterine lynphatic mapping and OHE; Control - OHE only). The animals were submitted to pre- and postoperative hematological and serum biochemistry exams (7 days). The anesthetic protocol was: sedation (morphine and acepromazine), induction (propofol), maintenance (isoflurane), transoperative analgesia (fentanyl). Systolic blood pressure was monitored throughout the procedure and arterial blood gas analysis was performed immediate pre and postoperatively. For lymphatic mapping was injected patent blue V in the uterine wall, 10 minutes before OEH. Comparisons between the pre- and postoperative parameters within the same animal were performed using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. To compare the values between control and PBV group was obtaining the difference between the pre and post of each group, subjected to the Mann-Whitney test (significance of 5%). Differences were observed (P<0.05) between the pre- and postoperative evaluations in the PBV (total protein and the albumin serum), in both groups (arterial partial pressure of oxygen) and in the Control (arterial oxygen saturation). There were no signs of adverse reactions to the patent blue V dye in the healthy bitches submitted to lymphatic uterine mapping.
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Orlandi, Riccardo, Emanuela Vallesi, Serena Calabrò, Alessandro Vastolo, Nadia Musco, Alessandro Troisi, Angela Polisca, Pietro Lombardi, and Monica I. Cutrignelli. "Effects of Two Commercial Diets on Several Reproductive Parameters in Bitches: Note One—From Estrous Cycle to Parturition." Animals 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010023.
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The close link between nutrition management and reproductive efficiency is well known, but there is very little data available concerning this topic in canine species. The present study aimed to compare the effect of two different diets upon the follicular period and gestation in bitches. Eighteen pluriparus medium and large size bitches were recruited and divided into control (CTR) and experimental (EX) groups and fed, respectively, with a commercial kibble diet and a specially formulated diet from two months before the expected onset of proestrus up to the end of the trial. It was possible to observe how the EX group had a better clinical presentation of the estrous phase, a higher number of ovarian follicles (p < 0.05), a lower percentage of fetal resorption (p < 0.05), and lower oxidative status, expressed by d-ROMs (p < 0.01), at the moment of pregnancy diagnosis compared to CTR group. Moreover, the EX group showed a lower fetal resorption rate and higher litter size (p < 0.05). These results highlight how a diet characterized by high protein and fat content and richer in essential fatty acids can improve reproductive performance in dogs.
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Asher, Lucy, Gary C. W. England, Rebecca Sommerville, and Naomi D. Harvey. "Teenage dogs? Evidence for adolescent-phase conflict behaviour and an association between attachment to humans and pubertal timing in the domestic dog." Biology Letters 16, no. 5 (May 2020): 20200097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0097.
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The relationship between parent and child changes around adolescence, with children believed to have: (i) an earlier puberty if they have less secure attachments to their carer; (ii) a phase of increased conflict behaviour toward their carer; and (iii) heightened conflict behaviour when carer attachments are less secure. We find support for analogous associations in adolescent dogs based on behaviour and reproductive timing of potential guide dogs. Bitches with behaviour indicative of insecure attachments pre-adolescence became reproductively capable earlier. Providing the first empirical evidence to our knowledge in support of adolescent-phase behaviour in dogs, we found a passing phase of carer-specific conflict-like behaviour during adolescence (reduced trainability and responsiveness to commands), an effect that was more pronounced in dogs with behaviour indicative of less secure attachments. These results indicate a possibility for cross-species influence on reproductive development and highlight adolescence as a vulnerable time for dog–owner relationships.
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Gontier, Aymeric, Myriam Youala, Christelle Fontaine, Elsa Raibon, Sandrine Fournel, Philippe Briantais, and Delphine Rigaut. "Efficacy and Safety of 4.7 mg Deslorelin Acetate Implants in Suppressing Oestrus Cycle in Prepubertal Female Dogs." Animals 12, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 3504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12243504.
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Our multicentric, masked, controlled and randomised study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Suprelorin® 4.7 mg (Virbac, Carros, France) regarding oestrus prevention in prepubertal intact bitches. Twelve- to eighteen-week-old females (n = 83) were allocated either a deslorelin implant (n = 62) or 0.9% sodium chloride (n = 21) group. Clinical assessment (heat signs), 17β oestradiol and progesterone assays, and vaginal cytology were performed at day (D)0, D7, D21, month (M)3 and M6 after product administration, and were then performed every other month until reaching puberty. Trained owners assessed heat signs between each veterinary visit. All bitches (n = 83) reached puberty before M30. Deslorelin significantly extended the median time to sexual maturity when compared to the control group (377 days versus 217 days after D0, p < 0.0001). Three females, implanted between 16 and 18 weeks of age, expressed an induced oestrus. Additional descriptive data, collected over a 24 month-period, showed functional reproductive abilities in both deslorelin (n = 52) and control (n = 21) groups once puberty was achieved. In conclusion, Suprelorin® 4.7 mg seems to be an effective and safe option for postponing the onset of oestrus when administered to prepubertal female dogs aged from 12 to 16 weeks.
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Kostyshyn, L. M. Ye, R. M. Sachuk, M. A. Ivakhiv, Ye Ye Kostyshyn, and O. A. Katsaraba. "Clinical effectiveness of the use of the veterinary drug “Amoksidev 15” in the conservative treatment of bitches for pyometra." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 24, no. 108 (November 28, 2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet10808.
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Among diseases of the reproductive organs of bitches, pyometra is most often registered. Objective diagnosis of this disease in dogs by practicing veterinarians is difficult and uninformative. In addition, to date, effective methods of treatment for pyometra, which allow for restoring the productivity of the animal, have yet to be sufficiently developed. The purpose of the research was clinical trials of an antibacterial drug based on amoxicillin trihydrate, which is used for the medical treatment of pyometra in bitches – “Amoksidev 15”. The research was conducted on purebred and purebred bitches treated in the clinic with a pyometra (empyema) diagnosis of the uterus. Conservative treatment of bitches, using the antibacterial drug “Amoksidev 15” as part of a complex scheme, which included the following drugs: Dinolytic (enzaprost-F), No-shpa, Devivit Complex, Tioprotectin 2.5 %, herbal decoctions (nettles, raspberries, chamomile, boar's uterus) led to the recovery of 70 % of sick animals. When using drug therapy (animals of the control group), the clinically expressed manifestation of the disease lasted eight days on average. In the blood of these animals, an increase in the number of erythrocytes by 23.2 % was observed, and the number of leukocytes increased by 39.0 %. Therefore, the complex therapy used in the experiment resulted in the faster restoration of the reference values of the body's physiological indicators than in the control group animals, which included Enroxil 5 % as part of the complex therapeutic scheme. The prospect of further research will be clinical trials of the antibacterial drug “Amoksidev 15” in complex therapy for treating pyometra in cats.
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Vermeire, S., M. Brzozowska, and M. Rapp. "Computed tomography of the uterus and ovaries in healthy dogs: a descriptive and comparative study." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 90, no. 5 (October 29, 2021): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v90i5.20904.
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Canine uterine and ovarian diseases are common in countries where prophylactic ovariohysterectomy is not generally performed and clinical work-up is commonly confined to ultrasonography of the female reproductive tract. Although increasingly used in veterinary practice, there is a lack of computed tomography (CT) data on either the normal or abnormal appearance of these organs. In this prospective, descriptive and comparative study, CT images of the uterus and ovaries of 22 bitches with no clinical signs of reproductive organ disease were examined. CT was compared to ultrasonography and the level of agreement between both was analyzed. The results indicate that it is feasible to evaluate the entire uterus and ovaries using CT. In this study, a range of cervical, uterine horn and ovarian appearances are described and illustrated. Although native CT failed to detect uterine cystic lesions, other CT characteristics were linked to cystic endometrial hyperplasia, warranting ultrasonographic examination. In general, CT can be used to approximate ultrasonographic measurements.
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Bekichekov, V. S., V. V. Payterova, and N. V. Kuznetsova. "COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF METHODS OF LIGATION OF OVARIAN VESSELS IN OVARIOGYSTEROECTOMY IN BITCHES." International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, no. 3 (October 18, 2022): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2022.3.228.
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The dog is the most common type of pet. These are companion animals, shepherd dogs, and service animals, that is, they can perform many different functions, improving and simplifying human life. In turn, owners should closely monitor the health of their pet, including the reproductive system. Sterilization of female small domestic animals, including bitches, is an urgent issue of controlling their numbers, as well as preventing pathologies of their reproductive system. Currently, there are several basic techniques for performing ovariohysterectomy in bitches, namely, the ligation of ovarian vessels, their electrocoagulation using a bipolar electrocoagulator, by applying vascular clips. The purpose of this work was to comparatively characterize the methods of ligation of ovarian vessels in female ovariohysterectomy and to search for the most effective, with the least complications and cheaper method of vascular ligation in ovariohysterectomy of service females. Endoscopic sterilization of females is carried out by LigaSure electrofusion (the technology of "soldering" blood vessels with electrosurgical instruments), so this method seems to be relevant when performing laparotomic ovariohysterectomy in bitches. In the course of the research, it was found that the ligation of ovarian vessels using the Ligash electrocoagulator is less traumatic, simpler, and the time of the surgical operation is reduced. During this manipulation, the contact of the surgeon's hands with the abdominal organs of the animal is minimized, which eliminates the occurrence of postoperative infections, tissue injury and pain after sterilization. This technique is carried out without the use of suture material, so there is no risk of complications in the form of its rejection or the development of an adhesive process.
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KULUS, MAGDALENA, MARIA WIECZORKIEWICZ, JAKUB KULUS, MARIUSZ T. SKOWROŃSKI, WIESŁAWA KRANC, DOROTA BUKOWSKA, GRZEGORZ WĄSIATYCZ, BARTOSZ KEMPISTY, and PAWEŁ ANTOSIK. "Potential of aquaporins and connexins in dogs and their relation to the reproductive tract." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 77, no. 02 (2021): 6491–2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6491.
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The complexity of processes in the female reproductive system of mammals is extremely sophisticated. The overall relationship between the processes during the oestrus cycle in animals is quite well understood, but the molecular background of these processes still requires an in-depth analysis. Bitches are distinguished by a specific course of sexual cycle during which the oocyte matures after ovulation in the oviduct. Other species of mammals are characterized by maturation of the oocyte within the ovary. Acquisition of developmental competence by cumulus – oocyte complexes seems to be a process with a complex molecular background, and the key to understanding it may be the analysis of intercellular channels. Aquaporins and connexins are structural proteins that are built into the cell membrane. Their location is widespread in many body tissues. Recent years have shown that they exhibit significant expression in different parts of the mammalian reproductive system, although the number of studies on dogs is still negligible. This review paper presents the current state of knowledge of water channels and gap junction connections in different animal species, with particular focus on dogs, and also explores the role of aquaporins and connexins in the acquisition of reproductive competences.
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Hong, S. G., G. Jang, M. K. Kim, H. J. Oh, J. E. Park, S. K. Kang, D. Y. Kim, and B. C. Lee. "36 CLONED BEAGLE DOGS DERIVED FROM FETAL FIBROBLASTS BY NUCLEAR TRANSFER." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab36.
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Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been successfully performed in various mammals including sheep, cow, pig, and mouse using a variety of somatic cell types as nuclear donors. Several reports of livestock SCNT indicate that fetal fibroblasts are superior to adult fibroblasts as donor cells. In canine SCNT, however, only adult ear fibroblasts have been used as donor cells (Lee et al. 2005 Nature 436, 641; Jang et al. 2007 Theriogenology 67, 941–947). Accordingly, in the present study, we evaluated the ability of canine fetal fibroblasts to support fetal development to term after nuclear transfer. For SCNT, in vivo-matured oocytes flushed (approximately 72 h after ovulation) from the oviducts of six estrus females were used. Donor cells (fetal fibroblasts) were isolated from the fetus of a beagle bitch obtained at 28 days after artificial insemination. Before using fetal fibroblasts as donor cells, sex was determined by SRY gene detection using PCR. Oocytes were enucleated, microinjected with a female fetal fibroblast, fused by electrical stimulation, and activated chemically (Jang et al. 2007). A total of 50 cloned presumptive embryos were transferred (Day 0) into the oviducts of two naturally synchronous recipient bitches. One pregnancy, detected by ultrasonography on Day 23, was maintained to term and two healthy female puppies weighing 250 and 260 g were born by natural delivery on Day 60. They were genotypically identical to the donor cells, and had phenotypically similar black and white coat color patterns. Analysis of their mtDNA distribution showed that mtDNA in the two cloned beagles originated from one of the six oocyte donor dogs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the potential of using fetal fibroblasts to facilitate nuclear transfer in the dog. The cloned beagle dogs, which had identical nucleus and mitochondrial DNA, will be provided for biomedical research as bioresources. This study was financially supported by KOSEF (grant # M10625030005-07N250300510) and the Korean MOE, through the BK21 program for Veterinary Science.
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Ebani, Valentina Virginia. "Retrospective Study on the Occurrence of Antibodies against Coxiella burnetii in Dogs from Central Italy." Pathogens 9, no. 12 (December 20, 2020): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121068.
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Coxiella burnetii, a cause of infection in humans and several animal species, is transmitted through inhalations and oral route but also tick bites. Its spreading in ruminants has been largely investigated, whereas data about the occurrence of this infection in canine population are scanty. In this retrospective study, blood serum samples of 516 dogs were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay to detect antibodies against C. burnetii; 42 (8.13%) were positive with titers ranging from 1:64 to 1:512. The highest seroprevalences were detected in dogs aged > 5 years, employed in hunting activity and living in a peri-urban/rural environment. Diagnosis for C. burnetii infection should be always carried out in bitches with reproductive disorders. Moreover, in view of the zoonotic impact of this infection, asymptomatic dogs exposed to ticks’ bites and/or to contact with infected farm animals should be checked, too.
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Souza, Rute C. A. de, Regiane Peres, Marlos G. Sousa, and Aparecido A. Camacho. "Cardiac parameters during the estrous cycle of canine bitches." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37, no. 3 (March 2017): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000300015.
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ABSTRACT: The cardiovascular parameters of canine bitches were assessed during the estrous cycle. A total of eleven mongrel female dogs were enrolled in a longitudinal prospective investigation. Six animals were bred during the study and were assigned into group I, in which evaluations were performed during proestrus, estrus, gestational diestrus and anestrus. The five remaining bitches were not bred and underwent evaluations during proestrus, estrus, nongestational diestrus and anestrus. The holter data showed a gradual increase in the minimum and mean heart rate along pregnancy, as well as a reduction during anestrus, which differed significantly among the distinct periods. The values for maximal heart rate documented during pregnancy were significantly lower than those recorded during anestrus, and a variation in the heart rate circadian rhythm was also found, as demonstrated by decreases at night and rises during the day. Cardiac rhythm had a similar performance in both pregnancy and anestrus. Likewise, the blood pressure, electrocardiography, and echocardiography data did not vary during the estrous cycle. The results support the role played by the autonomic nervous system during these two distinct periods in order to attain a heart rate that provides the blood needed by the female’s body during the various stages of the reproductive cycle. Further studies are needed to better clarify the cardiovascular compensatory neuroendocrine events that accompany gestation in this species.
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Dhami, A. J., AK Gupta, and Neha Rao. "Surveillance and Prevalence of Canine Reproductive Disorders in Gujarat." INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 15, no. 04 (May 15, 2020): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.15.4.13.
Full textAbstract:
The epidemiological surveillance of canine reproductive disorders was carried out based on total 21852 clinical cases (9159 at the College Clinic, Anand, and 12693 at Polyclinic, Vadodara) attended in dogs over three years. Among them, the overall 486 (2.22 %) and 85 (0.39 %) cases were of gynecological and andrological nature, respectively. Amongst the gynaecological cases, the highest incidence was of pyometra (23.25 %), followed in descending order by mammary tumours (22.22 %), pregnancy diagnosis (16.25 %), elective sterilization (9.88 %), CTVG (7.61 %), proestrus bleeding (5.97 %), pseudo-pregnancy (3.06 %), misalliance (2.67 %), anestrus (2.26 %), dystocia (1.65 %), abortion (1.03 %) and Cesarean (0.82%). Among the andrological cases, the highest cases were of venereal granulomas (31.76 %) followed in descending order by scrotal dermatitis (18.82 %), castration (12.94 %), orchitis (7.06 %), cryptorchidism, paraphimosis and balanoposthitis (5.88 % each), prostatic hyperplasia and testicular tumor (4.70 % each) and testicular hyperplasia (2.35 %). The breed most prone to gynecological disorders was non-descript (51.65 %), Pomeranian (16.25 %), German Shepherd, Labrador (6.79 % each) and Doberman (5.97 %). Maximum cases were in the young age group of 0-5 years (51.02 %), followed by the middle age group of 6-10 years (27.57 %) and older bitches of 11-15 years of age (20.58 %). The major clinical modalities and their management strategies adopted have also been summarized. The results signified the importance of life-threatening diseases like pyometra, mammary tumors, and CTVG in pet dogs in urban areas of middle Gujarat.
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Perez-Marin, C. C., L. Molina, J. M. Dominguez, Y. Millan, and J. Martin de las Mulas. "Incidental finding of uterine adenomyosis in a bitch with reproductive disorders: a case report." Veterinární Medicína 53, No. 11 (December 15, 2008): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1867-vetmed.
Full textAbstract:
Uterine adenomyosis, a disease not widely addressed in dogs, is characterised by the progressive penetration of endometrial glands and stroma into the myometrium, together with smooth-muscle hyperplasia. This report describes a case of adenomyosis in an 8-year-old German Shepherd bitch with mammary tumours, concomitant with cystic ovarian disease and endometrial cystic hyperplasia. Clinical signs included presence of small nodules and enlargement of mammary glands, and bloody uterine discharge. Ultrasonography confirmed the uterine and ovarian abnormalities, while the diagnosis was later confirmed by histopathological examination. The findings are discussed as possibly related to the reproductive disorders observed, and a hypothetical participation of hormonal factors, as has been described in woman, is suggested. However, further studies must be realized.
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Kautz, E., A. Gram, S. Aslan, S. S. Ay, M. Selçuk, H. Kanca, E. Koldaş, et al. "Expression of genes involved in the embryo–maternal interaction in the early-pregnant canine uterus." REPRODUCTION 147, no. 5 (May 2014): 703–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-13-0648.
Full textAbstract:
Although there is no acute luteolytic mechanism in the absence of pregnancy in the bitch, a precise and well-timed embryo–maternal interaction seems to be required for the initiation and maintenance of gestation. As only limited information is available about these processes in dogs, in this study, the uterine expression of possible decidualization markers was investigated during the pre-implantation stage (days 10–12) of pregnancy and in the corresponding nonpregnant controls. In addition, the expression of selected genes associated with blastocyst development and/or implantation was investigated in embryos flushed from the uteri of bitches used for this study (unhatched and hatched blastocysts). There was an upregulated expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and IGF2 observed pre-implantation. The expression of PRL and of IGF1 was unaffected, and neither was the expression of progesterone- or estrogen receptor β (ESR2). In contrast, (ESR1) levels were elevated during early pregnancy. Prostaglandin (PG)-system revealed upregulated expression of PGE2-synthase and its receptors, PTGER2 and PTGER4, and of the PG-transporter. Elevated levels of AKR1C3 mRNA, but not the protein itself, were noted. Expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) remained unaffected. Most of the transcripts were predominantly localized to the uterine epithelial cells, myometrium and, to a lesser extent, to the uterine stroma. PGES (PTGES) mRNA was abundantly expressed in both groups of embryos and appeared higher in the hatched ones. The expression level of IGF2 mRNA appeared higher than that of IGF1 mRNA in hatched embryos. In unhatched embryos IGF1, IGF2, and PTGS2 mRNA levels were below the detection limit.
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Hadiya, Hardik D., Dipak M. Patel, and Jignesh J. Parmar. "Prevalence of Major Reproductive Disorders in Canines with Reference to Age, Sex and Breed in Central Gujarat." INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 17, no. 01 (January 25, 2021): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.17.1.6.
Full textAbstract:
A retrospective study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of various reproductive disorders attended over the last three years (2017-20) at VCC, Anand in either sex of canine. Screening of 9963 case records revealed 602 (6.04 %) cases of gynecological disorders and 23 (0.23 %) cases of andrological disorders. The highest cases in female dogs were of pregnancy diagnosis (30.89 %), followed in descending order by pyometra (25.41 %), mammary tumor (11.46 %), CTVG (7.81 %), spaying (5.65 %), pseudo-pregnancy (4.32 %), dystocia (3.32 %), vaginal prolapse (2.99 %), misalliance (2.32 %), abortion (0.99 %), normal whelping (0.49 %) and miscellaneous (3.82 %). Among the male dogs, the highest cases were of venereal granuloma (21.74 %), followed by phimosis (17.39 %), balanoposthitis (13.04 %), prostate enlargement (13.04 %), scrotal edema (13.04 %), castration (8.69 %), testicular hyperplasia (4.35 %), testicular tumor (4.35 %) and orchitis (4.35 %). The breeds most prone to gynecological disorders were Labrador (29.57 %), followed by Mongrel (22.42 %), Pomeranian (11.79 %), German Shepherd (11.46 %), Pug (6.64 %), Rottweiler (6.15 %), Doberman (3.50 %), Golden Retriever (3.17 %), and others. Similarly, the highest occurrence of gynecological cases was found in bitches of 0-3 years age group (46.84 %), followed by 4-6 years (23.75 %), 7-9 years (14.29 %) and 10-12 years of age (11.30 %). The higher gynecological cases recorded in Labrador and Mongrel breeds and in younger age groups of dogs could be due to the higher gross population of these animals in the study area of central Gujarat.
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Barkova, A. S., I. M. Milshtein, E. I. Shurmanova, and Aleksandr Ustiugov. "Assessment of the state of the reproductive system of males of Northern sled dog breeds in a kennel." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 02052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022202052.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the increased interest in sledding in dogs, the assessment of their reproductive function, in particular breeding males, is also relevant at the present time. In the course of the work, the prostate condition was assessed in breeding working animals in a kennel, as well as the quality of sperm in working dogs of different ages, as well as in non-working groups. The results showed that in 16.8% of males the prostate is not enlarged, the echostructure is uniform, the contours are even, and the echogenicity is normal. A slight increase in the organ without structural changes is observed in 42% of the examined animals and the same number of dogs (42%), have echostructural changes and increased organ size. Prostate enlargement in most of the examined males of the kennel may be associated with the crowding of their content, as well as the presence of bitches in neighboring enclosures. When assessing semen quality in workers of different age groups and non-group males in various time intervals at different intensity of physical activity. it is noted that the stability of sperm quality identified in males outside of the group, while animals in the system having both long and short-term physical load sperm quality is subject to considerable fluctuations. Thus, under intense load, the sperm quality indicators correspond to the reference values in animals of all groups, while during the long period of rest, working sled dogs have a significant decrease in the quality of sperm, which negatively affects their fertility.
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Novotny, RVitasek, R, and A. Bartoskova. "Ovarian dysgerminoma with retroperitoneal metastases in a bitch: a case report." Veterinární Medicína 56, No. 3 (March 24, 2011): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3157-vetmed.
Full textAbstract:
A four-year old, 26.5 kg, Boxer bitch was presented to the Department of Reproduction in the Clinic of Dogs and Cats with a six month history of vulvar swelling and vaginal discharge. General gynaecological examination showed an extremely swollen, oedematous and tough-elastic highly irritable vulva. A vaginal smear revealed the presence of superficial cells and red blood cells. After repeated unsuccesful administrations of HCG and GnRH the owner of the bitch agreed to surgical treatment. An ovariohysterectomy was performed and on the left ovary a grapefruit-size structure was found. Three nodular structures were found retroperitoneally and were also dissected. Histological examination showed a disgerminoma in metastasises, mitotically active with a bad prognosis. However, at a check up twenty months subsequently the patient was still alive.
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Zayakina, D. I. "MASTITIS AS A CAUSE OF CARDIOMYOPATHY DEVELOPMENT IN DOGS." Scientific Life 15, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 1417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2020-15-10-1417-1422.
Full textAbstract:
Researchers in our country have established today that during the structuring period, the mammary gland begins to actively develop in bitches at the age of 4 to 6 months. This period naturally coincides with the beginning of ovarian function. And it is naturally controlled by follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone. The regulation of tissue homeostasis in the mammary gland is maintained by a balance between proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The apoptosis process plays one of the most important roles in the growth and development of not only the body, but also cells. These include not only healthy cells, but also tumor cells. Approbation of improved diagnostics of various types of breast diseases in dogs, as well as the choice of a rational and less painful method of treatment in veterinary practice in the future will allow the prevention of diseases of mastopathy, which will radically reduce diseases of the reproductive system. An analysis of the works of foreign authors in veterinary medicine indicates a lack of research on this topic in hormonal control of the sexual cycle in dogs. Taking this into account, many scientists devote their research to morphological changes in the structure of the mammary gland, not only in dogs, but also in most domesticated carnivores. Such changes for the worse affect the effect of the use of hormonal drugs for contraception during sexual cycles. When collecting anamnesis, we paid attention to: the time of manifestation of the preliminary disease, the course of the disease, what factors could provoke this pathology. They also clarified the regularity of the leaks from the owners of the animals, paid attention to the possible presence of pseudolactations and the possible changes in the mammary gland during this period. Also, an important condition was the maintenance and proper feeding.
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Switonski, M. "Two Cases of Infertile Bitches With 78,XX/77,X Mosaic Karyotype: A Need for Cytogenetic Evaluation of Dogs With Reproductive Disorders." Journal of Heredity 94, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esg001.
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Hearn, Alison. "Witches and bitches: Reality television, housewifization and the new hidden abode of production." European Journal of Cultural Studies 20, no. 1 (September 19, 2016): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549416640553.
Full textAbstract:
The governance of affect by capital has seen its ideological legitimation and emblematic site of production in the mainstream television industry, specifically reality television programs, as they provide templates for affective self-presentation to the public at large. As even a cursory glance at most reality television production demonstrates, it is most often women’s bodies and self-concepts that bear the burden of signifying and legitimating the message of this new economic formation: ‘conform to our template, be seen, and build a reputation!’ This article will focus on the Real Housewives franchise, which along with its network Bravo is credited with saving the fortunes of NBC, as the paradigmatic example of these new narrative trends and business models. It will interrogate the historical resonances and discontinuities between the economy of affective visibility now apparent on reality television and its modes of production and the origins of the ‘real’ housewife in early capitalism. At this time, women’s skills, bodies and reproductive capacities were violently restructured; forbidden from earning a wage or having money, women’s work inside and outside the home was simultaneously appropriated and concealed. As reality television inaugurates new kinds of labor and value creation in the 21st century, it does so in ways that are deeply gendered or ‘housewifized’; reality television’s forms of hidden, precarious, and unregulated labour recall the appropriation and denigration of the value of women’s work by systems of capitalist expansion in the 16th and 17th centuries.
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Karagiannis, George S., Mihalis Pelekanis, Panayiotis Loukopoulos, Haris N. Ververidis, and Eleni Kaldrymidou. "Canine Uterine Leiomyoma with Epithelial Tissue Foci, Adenomyosis, and Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia." Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/901874.
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An 11-year-old Labrador Retriever bitch with a history of intermittent, sanguineous vaginal discharge of a six-month duration was presented. During exploratory laparotomy, two well-delineated, intramural masses were identified bilaterally in the uterine horns. Histopathologic examination of the mass on the left horn showed that it was a typical leiomyoma. However, the second mass appeared with an unusual coexistence of histological lesions, involving epithelial tissue foci, mild focal adenomyosis, and cystic endometrial hyperplasia. Interestingly, such combination was never encountered before in dogs. Although uterine leiomyoma is quite usual in the reproductive system of female dogs, this case resembled relevant cases of human uterine adenomyomas in morphology, and thus it was offered a similar tentative diagnosis.
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Santymire, R. C., B. Steinetz, R. M. Santymire, J. L. Brown, and N. Songsasen. "166 POTENTIAL OF URINARY RELAXIN AS A USEFUL INDICATOR OF PREGNANCY IN THE MANED WOLF." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab166.
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The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), a neotropical canid, lives in habitats severely compromised by agricultural development. Therefore, maintaining a healthy and viable zoo population is crucial, because it serves as hedge against extinction. However, the North American ex situ population of maned wolves is far from self-sustaining, mainly due to low pregnancy success and high neonatal mortality. Currently, there is no non-invasive way to determine pregnancy in this species. Therefore, the goal is to determine whether urinary relaxin can be used as an indicator of pregnancy in this species. Objectives were to (1) determine the relationship between serum and urinary relaxin in canids, using pregnant domestic bitches as a model, and (2) evaluate the patterns of urinary relaxin in pregnant v. non-pregnant female maned wolves. Serum and urine samples were obtained weekly from six pregnant domestic bitches starting from the day of natural breeding until 3 weeks before the estimated whelping dates. For the maned wolf, urine and feces were obtained weekly during a breeding season (October to February) from six females, three of which were pregnant and gave birth. Concentrations of serum and urinary relaxin were measured using the double antibody canine relaxin radioimmunoassay (Steinetz et al. 1996 Biol. Reprod. 54, 1252–1260). Fecal progestagen were determined using an enzyme immunoassay (Songsasen et al. 2006 Theriogenology 66, 1743–1750). The relationship between serum and urinary relaxin concentrations was determined using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis. The relationship between urinary relaxin concentrations and days before whelping (for pregnant females) or time after the initial rise of progestagen for each individual were determined using a linear regression analysis. Serial dilutions of pooled dog urine produced displacement curves parallel to those of the appropriate synthetic canine relaxin standards, while wolf samples showed limited parallelism with low concentration of immunoactive antigen. Concentrations of urinary relaxin were significantly correlated with the serum counterpart in pregnant dogs (P < 0.01, r2 0.58). In pregnant maned wolves, relaxin level increased two- to six-fold as gestation progressed (P < 0.05, r2 ranged from 0.15 to 0.56). In contrast, urinary relaxin remained at the baseline in non-pregnant females throughout the diestrus period (P > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that urinary relaxin mirrors serum relaxin during pregnancy in domestic bitches and may have potential as a tool to diagnose pregnancy in the maned wolf. Further studies are required to improve the specificity and sensitivity of this non-invasive assay.
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Barzykina, S. N., S. M. Borunova, and P. N. Abramov. "Analysis of regulatory documents and standards regulating quality requirements and methods of control of male sperm." Legal regulation in veterinary medicine, no. 3 (October 18, 2022): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2022.3.18.
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Artificial insemination allows to solve a number of problems of purebred breeding of dogs, which causes great interest of breeders and kennel clubs.Evaluation of the quality of sperm by physical, biological and morphological indicators makes it possible to assess fertility and, as a result, predict the effectiveness of artificial insemination. Evaluation of sperm quality according to veterinary and sanitary indicators eliminates the risk of using for artificial insemination of sperm contaminated with microorganisms that can have a negative effect on sperm, reduce fertilizing ability, cause a number of gynecological diseases and lead to failures in the reproductive system, cause fetal development pathologies, mummification, cause abortions, stillbirth and death of puppies in the first days of life. The use of high-quality sperm production for artificial insemination of bitches is the key to obtaining a multi-fertile healthy litter.To date, national and interstate standards have not been put into effect on the territory of the Russian Federation that establish rules and methods of research (testing, analysis) of male sperm in terms of quality, technical specifications that establish regulatory requirements for the sperm of male producers, standards that establish sampling methods for freshly obtained undiluted, freshly obtained diluted and frozen male sperm.
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Santos, Cássia Regina Oliveira, Ítalo Barbosa Lemos Lopes, Fernando B. da Silva Sobrinho, Jamilly Nunes Ramos, Andrezza Cavalcanti de Andrade, Daniela da Silva Pereira Campinho, Alexandre Redson Soares Silva, and Ana Amélia Domingues Gomes. "Segmental uterine aplasia in elective ovariohysterectomy in a bitch – case report." Clínica Veterinária XXI, no. 123 (July 1, 2016): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46958/rcv.2016.xxi.n.123.p.96-99.
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Congenital anomalies of the reproductive system of cats and dogs are rare. Among these, the unilateral agenesis of the uterine horn (unicornuate uterus) is the most frequent anomaly. Due to its rarity and few reports in literature, the aim of this work is to report the finding of uterine segment aplasia in a bitch during elective ovariohysterectomy. Traction of the right uterine horn was attempted after a retro umbilical celiotomy, disclosing a malformation characterized by shortening of the uterine horn, which measured 12 mm with the ovary close to the reduced segment. Malformation encountered during surgical procedures result in difficulties for the surgical team and prolonged surgical time, since other organs and systems can also present anomalies and require therefore careful inspection.
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Oh, Hyun Ju, Yuda Heru Fibrianto, Min Kyu Kim, Goo Jang, M. Shamim Hossein, Hye Jin Kim, Sung Keun Kang, Byeong Chun Lee, and Woo Suk Hwang. "Effects of canine serum collected from dogs at different estrous cycle stages on in vitro nuclear maturation of canine oocytes." Zygote 13, no. 3 (August 2005): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199405003242.
Full textAbstract:
Canine oocytes are ovulated at prophase of the first meiotic division and undergo maturation in the distal part of the oviduct for at least 48–72 h. Because of these differences from other domestic mammals, the efficiency of in vitro maturation (IVM) of canine oocyte is very low. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of canine serum on IVM of canine oocytes recovered from ovaries in various reproductive states (follicular, luteal or anestrous stages). Oocytes were recovered by mincing ovaries from bitches presented for ovariohysterectomy at various stages of the estrous cycle. Heat-inactivated canine serum was prepared with blood taken from dogs at the anestrous, estrous or diestrous stage of the estrous cycle as determined by progesterone concentration and vaginal cytology. Oocytes were cultured for 72 h in tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 supplemented with 10% canine anestrous, estrous or diestrous serum or fetal bovine serum (FBS) (experiment 1), or supplemented with 0 (control), 5%, 10% or 20% canine estrous serum (experiment 2). In experiment 1, IVM of oocytes collected at the follicular stage of the estrous cycle to metaphase II (MII) stage was higher (p < 0.05) with canine estrous serum (14.2%) than with canine anestrous (5.2%) or diestrous serum (6.3%), FBS (2.2%) or in the control (2.2%). In experiment 2, oocytes collected at the follicular stage of the estrous cycle cultured in TCM-199 with 10% canine estrous serum showed a higher maturation rate to MII stage (13.5%, p < 0.05) compared with those cultured with 5% (1.3% MII) or 20% canine estrous serum (5.1% MII) or the control (2.7% MII). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that supplementing culture medium with 10% canine estrous serum improves IVM of canine follicular stage oocytes.
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Romagnoli, Stefano, Alice Diana, Lluis Ferré-Dolcet, Christelle Fontaine, and Chiara Milani. "Chronic Use of Deslorelin in Dogs: Six Cases (2005–2022)." Animals 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13020265.
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Deslorelin is currently registered for the induction of temporary infertility in male dogs, male cats, male ferrets, and also prepubertal female dogs, but research has shown its usefulness for other conditions requiring chronic treatment. This paper presents six cases of dogs chronically treated with deslorelin for indications such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, control of fertility, abnormal reproductive behavior and urinary incontinence. All animals were in good health during treatment. Treatment duration was 2–9 years. No short-term side effects were observed except for flare-up reactions, which were observed only in 1/4 intact males. Two dogs developed a neoplasia: a spayed bitch treated for urinary incontinence developed a pituitary carcinoma, and an intact male dog implanted for control of fertility developed a bladder carcinoma. While the pituitary carcinoma seems unlikely to be related to deslorelin, the bladder carcinoma could be due to the neutered condition of the dog (which was treated for 9 years) as urinary tract neoplasia is more common in dogs following gonadectomy. Chronic treatment with deslorelin is regarded as safe when an animal is being treated for life. The possibility that a pause in the treatment might be helpful for the animal should be investigated.
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Oh, H. J., J. E. Park, M. J. Kim, G. A. Kim, E. J. Park, S. G. Hong, G. Jang, and B. C. Lee. "56 ESTABLISHMENT OF TRANSGENIC RED FLUORESCENCE PROTEIN (RFP) CLONE DOGS THROUGH A STABLE TRANSMISSION OF RFP GENE TO NEXT GENERATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 1 (2011): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab56.
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Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology has been spotlighted not only for its advantage in producing unlimited numbers of genetically identical animals, but also the possibility of producing complex genetic modifications in animals. However, a few reports showed that mosaic expression of transgene in transgenic animals produced by SCNT (Park et al. 2002) and down-regulated gene expression is sometimes irreversible in their offspring (Bordignon et al. 2003). Therefore, we investigated reproductive ability by a breeding between female transgenic beagles and wild-type beagles. When female transgenic beagles (R1, R2, R3, and R5) expressing red fluorescence protein (RFP) gene reached puberty at 373, 353, 283, and 354 days after birth, serum progesterone concentration was monitored for detecting timing of ovulation. Approximately 72 to 79 h after ovulation, the beagles were naturally mated or artificially inseminated. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasonography at Day 30 after insemination. The transgenic bitches (R1, R2, R3, and R5) were then bred with wild-type male dogs, became pregnant, and successfully delivered 13 puppies (9 female and 4 male). In order to prove integration of RFP gene in all offspring, DNA was extracted from the blood of pups on Day 7 after birth. For PCR analysis, a primer pair for the RFP gene, forward primer (5′CGTGAAGCTGAAGGTGA-3′) and reverse primer (5′-CTCGTACTGCTCCACGA-3′), were used to amplify a 517-bp DNA fragment. The initial denaturation was performed at 94°C for 5 min, followed by 30 cycles at 94°C for 40 s (denaturation), 58°C for 40 s (annealing), and 72°C for 40 s (extension), and a final incubation at 72°C for 10 min to ensure complete strand extension. Presence of the RFP transgene in 7 of the puppies was confirmed by PCR and the puppies expressed RFP upon UV illumination. It was not different from the 53.8% expected Mendelian ratio. The present result demonstrated a stable transmission of the RFP gene into 5 female and 2 male offspring in the second generation. Among the second generation, 2 female puppies integrated with the RFP gene were in heat at ∼1-year-old. They were then bred with the semen of a wild-type beagle and bore 6 puppies. In the third generation, 3 puppies carried the RFP gene and results showed the expected Mendelian ratio. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that female transgenic beagles have normal reproductive ability and a stable insertion of the transgene to the next generation. This study was financially supported by NRF (#M10625030005-508-10N25), SNU foundation (Benefactor; RNL BIO), BK 21 for Veterinary Science, and Purina Korea.
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De los Reyes, M., F. Ramirez, and J. Palomino. "123 EVALUATION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR (LHR) OVER THE ESTROUS CYCLE IN CANINE OVARIES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 1 (2017): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv29n1ab123.
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Luteinizing hormone (LH) plays a major role in reproductive processes. This hormone exerts its effects through binding to its receptor LHR, which is one of the 7 transmembrane domain G-protein-coupled receptor superfamilies. Compared with other mammals, an early acquisition of LH receptors on granulosa cells has been reported in dogs around the period of LH surge, during the proestrous-oestrous transition. However, there are no available data with respect to the follicular stage at which LHR starts to become expressed. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the LHR pattern in the canine ovarian follicles at different stages of development. The ovaries were obtained from 1- to 7-year-old bitches at proestrus/oestrus, anestrus, and diestrus stages following ovariohysterectomy. Follicular cells were mechanically recovered from follicles (n = 2,043) distributed into 4 types (preantral, small antral, medium antral, and large antral). Intrafollicular amounts of LHR were assessed by Western blot method (with the goat polyclonal anti-LHR antibody SC-26341 at 1:100 dilution) and results were evaluated by a 2-way ANOVA (follicle type, stage of oestrous cycle). The LHR was detected in dog follicles in all reproductive phases with patterns varying with stage of follicular development over the reproductive cycle. The antibody against human LHR, which had previously been proven to cross-react with canine LHR, revealed 2 bands at ~90 and ~65 kDa, probably representing the matured protein and its precursor, respectively. Both bands LHR appeared already at preantral follicles increasing (P < 0.05) with growth. Densitometric analysis of each immunoreactive band showed that LHR level changed among the different development stages and phases of reproductive cycle. These bands appeared to be specific for LH, as the secondary antibody alone did not produce cross-reactivity. During proestrus/oestrus, follicular cells expressed mostly the precursor form, increasing significantly with an increase in follicular diameter. The mature form showed a lower (P < 0.05) intensity band, which increased from the preantral to preovulatory stage. At diestrus, the relative abundance of these bands was different between the precursors and mature forms, with a higher expression of precursor form in all follicle stages and rising (P < 0.05) immunoreactivity from the preantral to medium antral stage. The mature form also exhibited LHR variation among follicle sizes (P < 0.05). At anestrous, both bands were expressed with increasing (P < 0.05) levels from preantral to antral follicle stages. A high proportion of LHR was presented as immature forms in all follicles stages during different phases of the oestrous cycle. In conclusion, the LHR is differentially expressed in dogs over the oestrous cycle, increasing during development, and the precursor protein is the most predominant LHR form present in canine follicles. This study was funded by Grant FONDECYT 1140658.