Academic literature on the topic 'Bitches (Dogs) Reproduction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bitches (Dogs) Reproduction"
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Reynaud, Karine, Sylvie Chastant-Maillard, Séverine Batard, Sandra Thoumire, and Philippe Monget. "IGF system and ovarian folliculogenesis in dog breeds of various sizes: is there a link?" Journal of Endocrinology 206, no. 1 (April 20, 2010): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-09-0450.
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The IGF system plays a crucial role in ovarian folliculogenesis, and changes in IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) levels modulate IGF bioavailability. Data from various mammalian models suggest a link between body size, IGF1 in serum and female reproduction parameters. Among the vertebrate species, the dog exhibits the widest span in body height. Height is known to be positively correlated with the concentration of serum IGF1. In this work, the ovarian physiology of 40 bitches exhibiting a wide span of height, and breed type was investigated. IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP3, estradiol (E2), and progesterone concentrations in plasma and preovulatory follicular fluid were quantified. A total of 455 follicles, 2–8 mm in diameter, were recovered at the preovulatory stage, measured, and punctured. Intrafollicular levels of IGF1 were positively correlated with plasma levels, and plasma IGF1 levels were positively correlated with both bitch height and weight. The concentrations were threefold higher in large dogs compared with small dogs. A positive correlation between intrafollicular and plasmatic IGFBP3 levels and a positive correlation between plasmatic IGFBP3 levels, and both height and weight of the bitches were observed. The number of preovulatory follicles and the diameter of the three largest follicles were positively correlated with bitch height. E2 intrafollicular concentrations were higher in preovulatory follicles from small animals than in those from large animals. In conclusion, the strong variability in height between dogs appeared to be associated with dramatic differences in IGF1, and IGFBP3 levels, in both plasma and follicular fluid. These differences were associated with significant differences in some functional aspects of ovarian follicles.
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Santos, Natalia Ribeiro, Alexandra Beck, Cindy Maenhoudt, Charlotte Billy, and Alain Fontbonne. "Profile of Dogs’ Breeders and Their Considerations on Female Reproduction, Maternal Care and the Peripartum Stress—An International Survey." Animals 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 2372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082372.
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Dogs are part of many households worldwide and in recent years in some western countries, more and more people describe them as members of the family. The accurate number of dogs per household and the actual demand for puppies are hard to estimate correctly. The sources of dogs seem to be an important element to consider before acquiring a dog since some behavioural disorders are more likely observed in dogs coming from puppy mills and pet stores. Therefore, there is an increased need to better-know dog breeders, theirs believes and practices. To full-fill this objective, an online questionnaire in five different languages (English, German, Polish, Portuguese and Spanish) was sent to dog breeders. The survey intended to study the demographics of dog breeders and to understand their perception and practices about reproduction, maternal behaviour and management of the dam during the peripartum period. We were also interested to evaluate the occurrence and the impact of stress around parturition and how breeders deal with overstressed bitches and if they believe that motherly quality could have a later-on effect on the livelihood of the dog. Six hundred and sixty-eight respondents participated in the survey, mainly from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Portugal, Poland, Spain, United Kingdom, United States of America and non-listed country (reported as ‘other’ in the survey). A country effect was observed in relation to housing system, human interaction, the use of techniques to define breeding and whelping time and different methods to manage stress during the peripartum period. Considering the demographics of the responders, breeding activity is, in general, a family based activity with an effect of country. Use of progesterone levels to manage reproduction and pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasound were cited as common practice. In general, parturition takes place under human supervision. Peripartum period was perceived as a stressful moment with a difference in the way of addressing the problem based on the country but reassuring the bitch by increasing human presence was frequently described. Inappropriate maternal behaviour was observed by half of responders and if presented primiparous bitches and parturition by C-section were overrepresented. Puppies stayed with the dams from 4 weeks to 9 weeks and dog breeders from Spain, Poland and Portugal are keeping puppies with their mother the longest. Overall, poor maternal behaviour has an impact on puppies’ cognitive development with German breeders being more convinced than their counterparts from Brazil and Spain.
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Santos, Natalia R. dos, Alexandra Beck, and Alain Fontbonne. "The View of the French Dog Breeders in Relation to Female Reproduction, Maternal Care and Stress during the Peripartum Period." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010159.
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In France, as in many other western countries, dogs are an important part of the society as pets or working animals. The exact demand for puppies in France is unknown, as is the proportion of dogs coming from different breeding sources. Nevertheless, the origin of puppies is important since young dogs from puppy mills and pet stores appear to be more likely to develop behavioral disorders. Puppies coming from responsible breeders, on the other hand, tend to be better adapted. In well-managed kennels, an explanation for these behavioral differences may be associated with greater contact of litters with the dam and humans. Another factor that might influence a dog’s temperament and character is maternal behavior. Although recent studies have shown that the quality of maternal care in dogs is important, direct effects on the development of behavioral problems such as fearfulness or noise sensitivity are still controversial. To better understand the view of breeders, due to an increased interest in maternal care of dogs, an online questionnaire was developed to assess the dog breeders’ profiles and to explore their perception of normal maternal and stress-related behaviors during the peripartum period. In addition, the management of the female during this critical time was queried. Three-hundred and forty-five French dog breeders, representing 91 breeds, completed the online survey. Considering the demographics of the responders, breeding activity in France is mostly family-based with 76% raising two breeds of dogs that produce, on average, five litters/year. Around 60% of the breeders use progesterone levels to determine breeding date. The whelping date is estimated using multiple criteria and most labors and deliveries happen under human supervision. The majority of behaviors associated to good maternal care are defined by the vast majority as being related to more attention of the bitch towards the puppies with the frequency of nursing and licking being important clues. Globally, the peripartum is perceived as a stressful period and to minimize stress and reassure the bitch the favored method used is increasing human presence. Problems related to maternal behavior were described, notably with primiparous bitches.
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Freitas, Luana Azevedo de, Fábio Roger Vasconcelos, Arlindo Alencar Araripe Noronha Moura, Stefanie Bressan Waller, Paula Priscila Correia Costa, Brenda Madruga Rosa, Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro, and Lúcia Daniel Machado da Silva. "Histomorphometry and uterine proteomics during the normal reproductive cycle in bitches." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (August 22, 2021): e18101119093. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19093.
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We aimed to evaluate the histomorphometry and proteomic profile of the canine uterus during all stages of the reproductive cycle. Eighteen healthy female dogs had their estrous cycle identified by clinical evaluation, vaginal cytology, and serum progesterone levels, which were allocated to the proestrus (n=5), estrus (n=5), diestrus (n=5), and anestrus (n=3) groups. All were submitted to elective ovariosalpingohysterectomy, and the uteri were collected for histomorphometric measurement (Image J software). For proteomic analysis, fragments of the uterine horns were subjected to protein measurement (Bradford method) and extraction by 2D electrophoresis (PDquest software). The results showed that the diestrus promoted greater values of thickness in the uterine structures (μm): uterine wall (2,223.8±229.8), endometrium (819.7±109.1), and myometrium (1,392.6±294.2). Uterus showed a protein profile with good reproducibility per phase (pI: 3.5–9.0; PM: 24–150 KDa), with 11 spots in all phases. Despite the greatest histomorphometric changes in the diestrus, we observed a greater number of spots in the estrus (253±45), followed by the proestrus (185±21), diestrus (113±39), and anestrus (80±21). This finding showed probable participation of these proteins in the uterine preparation for receiving gametes for fertilization. Our results showed greater uterine thickness in the diestrus, and greater protein secretion in the estrus, contributing to the prospection of identification of proteins responsible for the biological reproduction processes.
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Skliarov, P. М., O. V. Holubiev, D. D. Bilyi, L. H. Roman, M. O. Lieshchova, and O. M. Bobrytska. "Efficiency test microscope “Arbor Elite” for determining the fertile period of bitches." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, no. 101 (April 5, 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet10110.
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Choosing the optimal time of insemination of she-dogs is one of the urgent problems in the reproduction of dogs, because it causes fertility and can be the cause of artificially acquired infertility or low in fertility. To this end, a number of methods are used in practice, but none of them fully meets the requirements. Therefore, the question of choosing a method for determining the optimal time of insemination of bitches remains unresolved. In this regard, the purpose of our research was to study the effectiveness of the use of the microscope “Arbor Elite” to determine the fertile period of she-dogs. The work was performed in the Clinical Diagnostic Center “Rancho” of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University. The material for the study were female dogs of different breeds with a physiological course of sexual cycling. In order to determine the optimal time of insemination of bitches used test microscope “Arbor Elite”, the principle of which is based on the phenomenon of salivation arborization, due to the presence of salts that crystallize as a result of increasing estrogen in the body in the stage of proestrus-estrus. There are 3 types of dried saliva after crystallization: Type I – small crystals in the form of thin stems/a large number of formed crystals “twigs”. Fertilization is probable (stage of proestrus with insignificant / moderate estrogen secretion); Type II – fern leaves, crystals with a thick stem. The probability of fertilization is maximum (estrus stage with maximum estrogen production); Type III – outlines of sand or pebbles, no crystals. Fertilization is unlikely (met- / diestrus stage). It is established that the efficiency of using the test microscope “Arbor Elite” to determine the fertile period of female dogs is 85.2 %. However, the effectiveness of the method can be increased by differentiating endocrine pathology. In addition, the use of a test microscope “Arbor Elite” has other advantages, in particular, is simple, does not require special knowledge or training, so it can be used at home. But the main advantage is that its implementation in combination with other methods can reduce financial costs and reduce the impact of stressors (ie reduces the number of visits for sampling and cytological and hormonal tests). The method of determining the fertile period of she-dogs using a test microscope “Arbor Elite” needs further research and improvement, and its combination with other methods will optimize the diagnosis of optimal insemination time not only in bitches but also in females of different species.
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Dzięcioł, M., J. Politowicz, A. Szumny, and W. Niżański. "Methyl paraben as a sex pheromone in canine urine – is the question still open?" Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2014-0090.
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Abstract The literature concerning the issue of canine sex pheromones includes reports presenting completely conflicting opinions about the chemical composition of the canine urine in the context of semiochemical communication. At present, the predominant report cited by many different authors is the article published in Science in 1979 by Goodwin at al., presenting methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (methyl paraben) as the main canine sex pheromone. While it has been proved that pure methyl paraben lacks semiochemical activity as do commercially available products containing this substance (Eau D’Estrus, Synbiotics, USA), in view of the conflicting published reports the aim of this study was to revaluate using modern techniques the presence of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate in canine urine during different phases of the ovarian cycle. Ten female dogs of different breeds were used. Urine samples from bitches collected during various stages of the ovarian cycle were examined with using the SPME and GC/MS methods. Methyl paraben was not detected in any of the samples. In conclusion, because of the lack of methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate in the samples examined, the present study confirmed negative opinions on the possibility of this substance playing a crucial role in semiochemical communication during reproduction in dogs (Canis familiaris).
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Palomino, Jaime, Javiera Flores, Georges Ramirez, Victor H. Parraguez, and Monica De los Reyes. "Expression Profiles of the Progesterone Receptor, Cyclooxygenase-2, Growth Differentiation Factor 9, and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Transcripts in the Canine Oviducts during the Oestrous Cycle." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020454.
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The gene expression in the canine oviduct, where oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development occur, is still elusive. This study determined the oviductal expression of (PR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9), and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) during the canine oestrous cycle. Samples were collected from bitches at anoestrus (9), proestrus (7), oestrus (8), and dioestrus (11), after routine ovariohysterectomy and the ovarian surface structures and plasma progesterone concentration evaluated the physiological status of each donor. The oviductal cells were isolated and pooled. Total RNA was isolated, and gene expression was assessed by qPCR followed by analysis using the t-test and ANOVA. The PR mRNA increased (P < 0.05) from the anoestrus to dioestrus with the plasma progesterone concentration (r = 0.8). COX-2 mRNA expression was low in the anoestrus and proestrus, and negligible in the oestrus, while it was around 10-fold higher (P < 0.05) in the dioestrus. The GDF-9 mRNA was expressed during all phases of the oestrous cycle and was most abundant (P < 0.05) during oestrus phase. The BMP-15 mRNA decreased (P < 0.05) in the anoestrus and proestrus phases. Thus, the transcripts were differentially expressed in a stage-dependent manner, suggesting the importance of oestrous cycle regulation for successful reproduction in dogs.
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Caffaratti, Marina, Griselda González, Nora Gorla, and Corina Guendulain. "Reproductive Parameters of the Dogo Argentino Bitch." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2013 (October 28, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/495975.
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The Dogo Argentino (DA) is the first and only breed from Argentina recognized worldwide. Although its morphologic features have been well established, its normal reproductive parameters are not clearly known. The aim of this study was to determine the main DA bitch reproductive parameters. One hundred and forty-nine surveys were obtained from breeders from Córdoba province, Argentina: one for each intact DA bitch from 1 to 14 years old. The DA bitch reached puberty at an average of 8.93 months. The mean duration of vulval bleeding found in this study was 11.11 days. The clinical signs characteristic for proestrous-estrous were vulval edema (89.93%), bleeding during the time of mating (32.21%), holding the tail to the side (95.30%), and docility during mating (85.91%). DA bitches had a whelping rate of 84%. Out of 299 pregnancies, 89.30% exhibited a normal parturition, 6.69% presented dystocia, 2.68% needed Cesarean section, and 1.34% aborted. In conclusion, the reproductive parameters of the DA bitch are similar to those identified for other large breeds. DA often showed a prolonged vulval bleeding longer than proestrus. Its high whelping rate, its low incidence of dystocia, and its good maternal ability define the DA as a good reproductive breed with normal reproductive functions.
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Dzięcioł, M., W. Niżański, T. Jezierski, A. Szumny, E. J. Godzińska, M. Ochota, E. Stańczyk, L. Najder-Kozdrowska, M. Woszczyło, and B. Pieczewska. "The Efficiency of Synthetic Sex Pheromones in Sexual Arousal Stimulation in Domestic Dogs." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2017-0052.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of synthetic bitch sex pheromones (Eau’ De Estrus®, Synbiotics USA) for the stimulation of the reproductive reflexes in adult male dogs. In experiment I: anoestral bitches were applied synthetic (n=6) or natural (n=6) pheromones and their attractiveness was compared to the attractiveness of bitches in natural oestrus, In experiment II: swabs socked in natural estrual discharge or Eau D’Estrus were presented to male dogs and behavioral arousal (Exp. II a) and changes in blood flow in the penile artery reflecting erection (Exp. II b) were recorded. In experiment III the time dedicated for sniffing in experimental dogs was analyzed in relation to the type of attractant presented (natural estrual discharge or Eau D’Estrus). In all three experiments we observed the signs of sexual arousal, increased blood flow in the penile artery and increased time of sniffing only with natural pheromones. No signs of excitation or changes in penis perfusion were noted after the use of artificial pheromones. Our results did not support the suitability of Eau D’Estrus for male dog sexual stimulation.
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WDOWIAK, ANNA, ADRIANNA DUDZIAK, MAREK SZCZUBIAŁ, ROLAND KUSY, MARIOLA BOCHNIARZ, ANNA ŚMIECH, ASTA TVARIJONAVICIUTE, and ROMAN DĄBROWSKI. "Role of C-reactive protein determination to assay the inflammatory process in the course of ovarian cysts in female dogs." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 74, no. 1 (2018): 6003–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6003.
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Searching for new more accurate biomarkers in order to evaluate the health of bitches with reproductive disorders and disturbances has been a subject of inquiry for many researchers. Biomarkers are measurable indicators, the concentrations of which are dependent on the degree and type of stimulus. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) has been proven to be a valuable biomarker for health status evaluation of bitches suffering from reproductive disorders, such as pyometra, as well as for treatment monitoring. However, no data are available related to the CRP profile in bitches with ovarian cysts for a better evaluation of their condition and prognosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the possible usefulnessof CRP determination in the serum of bitches with ovarian cysts. Our results suggest that CRP concentrations could be useful indicators of the presence of ovarian cysts, although studies with more animals are needed..
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bitches (Dogs) Reproduction"
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Castro, Viviane Montich de [UNESP]. "Estudo comparativo de métodos ultra-sonográficos de avaliação da idade gestacional em cadelas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89113.
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castro_vm_me_botfmvz.pdf: 1755900 bytes, checksum: 5100a483329bd5a759a4cf4b384957bb (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A ultra-sonografia é um método de grande utilidade na Medicina Veterinária, apresentando grande valia no diagnóstico gestacional em cadelas, por ser um método precoce, acompanhar o desenvolvimento e a viabilidade embrionária e fetal. Entretanto possui algumas limitações para estimar a idade fetal, quando comparada com a Medicina Humana, principalmente devido a grande variação do porte nos cães. Foi realizado acompanhamento ultra-sonográfico em 27 cadelas prenhes de diferentes raças distribuídas em grupos segundo o peso corpóreo, com o objetivo de estudar a utilização do exame ultra-sonográfico como método de diagnóstico e acompanhamento gestacional, avaliando o desenvolvimento embrionário e fetal (organogênese), além de comparar os métodos de avaliação da idade gestacional e dias anteriores ao parto propostos por diversos autores, sendo utilizados para os cálculos as mensurações da vesícula embrionária, crânio, corpo e coração em três diferentes fases gestacionais, visando auxiliar o médico veterinário na escolha dos cálculos mais indicados para cada fase gestacional nos diferentes grupos de cadelas.
Ultrasonography is a useful technique in veterinary medicine, showing high value in gestational diagnosis in bitches, because its use for early pregnancy detection as well as easiness to follow embrionary and fetal viability and development. However, as compared with human medicine, veterinary ultrasound technique has some limitations in estimating fetal age mainly because the high variation in size of dogs. Ultrasound accompaniments of 27 pregnant, all age and breed bitches separated in groups, were performed, with the objective of studying the ultrasound as a technique for gestational diagnosis and further observation, evaluating both embrionary and fetal development (organogenesis), and comparing previous evaluation techniques of gestational age on days before parturition proposed by different author. Mensurations of embryonic vesicles, skull, body size and heart at three different gestational stages were achieved, to help practitioners in choosing the most accurate estimation method at each gestational stage in different groups of bitches.
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Castro, Viviane Montich de. "Estudo comparativo de métodos ultra-sonográficos de avaliação da idade gestacional em cadelas /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89113.
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Orientador: Maria Jaqueline MamprimBanca: Maria Denise Lopes
Banca: Franklin de Almeida Sterman
Resumo: A ultra-sonografia é um método de grande utilidade na Medicina Veterinária, apresentando grande valia no diagnóstico gestacional em cadelas, por ser um método precoce, acompanhar o desenvolvimento e a viabilidade embrionária e fetal. Entretanto possui algumas limitações para estimar a idade fetal, quando comparada com a Medicina Humana, principalmente devido a grande variação do porte nos cães. Foi realizado acompanhamento ultra-sonográfico em 27 cadelas prenhes de diferentes raças distribuídas em grupos segundo o peso corpóreo, com o objetivo de estudar a utilização do exame ultra-sonográfico como método de diagnóstico e acompanhamento gestacional, avaliando o desenvolvimento embrionário e fetal (organogênese), além de comparar os métodos de avaliação da idade gestacional e dias anteriores ao parto propostos por diversos autores, sendo utilizados para os cálculos as mensurações da vesícula embrionária, crânio, corpo e coração em três diferentes fases gestacionais, visando auxiliar o médico veterinário na escolha dos cálculos mais indicados para cada fase gestacional nos diferentes grupos de cadelas.
Abstract: Ultrasonography is a useful technique in veterinary medicine, showing high value in gestational diagnosis in bitches, because its use for early pregnancy detection as well as easiness to follow embrionary and fetal viability and development. However, as compared with human medicine, veterinary ultrasound technique has some limitations in estimating fetal age mainly because the high variation in size of dogs. Ultrasound accompaniments of 27 pregnant, all age and breed bitches separated in groups, were performed, with the objective of studying the ultrasound as a technique for gestational diagnosis and further observation, evaluating both embrionary and fetal development (organogenesis), and comparing previous evaluation techniques of gestational age on days before parturition proposed by different author. Mensurations of embryonic vesicles, skull, body size and heart at three different gestational stages were achieved, to help practitioners in choosing the most accurate estimation method at each gestational stage in different groups of bitches.
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