Journal articles on the topic 'Birth'
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Rastas, Leonie. "Exploring Caesarean Birth 1: Caesarean Birth Talk." Practising midwife Australia 1, no. 3 (January 1, 2023): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55975/asif4000.
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Welcome to the Advancing Practice series Exploring Caesarean Birth and Birth After Caesarean. In Australia, the caesarean birth rate has risen to 37.2%, rising from 7% in 1980, translating to an increase of over 500% in 52 years. In this series we will look at the growing trend for caesarean birth, the reasons women have caesarean births, the risks associated, and the maternal mortality rate associated with caesarean births. A look at some consumer feedback about their experience of caesarean birth will highlight the gaps in knowledge for some women. In addition, the status of childbirth education for women who have caesarean births will also be explored.
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Kimmich, Nina, Audrey Yeo Te-ying, Roland Zimmermann, and Eva Furrer. "How do sustained birth tears after vaginal birth affect birth tear patterns in a subsequent birth?" Journal of Perinatal Medicine 48, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2020-0007.
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AbstractBackgroundTears are common after vaginal birth, and different impact factors are known. However, the impact of tears from a previous birth to the tears of a subsequent birth is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the distribution of birth tear patterns according to the sustained tears in a previous birth, in addition to other impact factors.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated all women up to parity 4 with subsequent vaginal, singleton births of vertex presentation at ≥37 + 0 gestational weeks between 1/2005 and 12/2016. Their tears were grouped into tear patterns and were analyzed by parity. Tear patterns in the subsequent births were analyzed in association to the patterns of the previous births and impact factors were evaluated.ResultsWe counted 4017 births in 1855 women [P1: 1368 (34.1%), P2: 1730 (43.1%), P3: 741 (18.4%), P4: 178 (4.4%)]. The frequency of tears and episiotomies decreased with higher parity, whereas the frequency of intact perineum increased. Twenty-eight different unique tear patterns were found. We could show that birth tear patterns changed with increasing parity and were associated with sustained tears in a previous birth. In addition, some impact factors on tear patterns could be identified.ConclusionThe distribution of the single tear types is in accordance with the current literature. However, it is new that distinct tear patterns are associated to sustained tear patterns of previous births. Furthermore, we demonstrated some weak associations of tear patterns to certain impact factors, such as more episiotomies, low-grade perineal or vaginal tears isolated or in combination with other tears with increasing fetal weight and head circumference in the higher parities, and with a longer duration of the second stage and the pushing phase in lower parities.
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Alliman, Jill, Kate Bauer, and Trinisha Williams. "Freestanding Birth Centers." Journal of Perinatal Education 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jpe-2021-0024.
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Every childbearing person has the right to learn about all options for perinatal care provider and birth setting. To ensure an informed decision about their preferred birth plan, information should be provided either preconceptionally or in early pregnancy. Personal preferences and risk status should be considered in decision-making. Numbers of births in birth centers have doubled over past decade to almost 20,000 births per year. The evidence shows that childbearing people who participate in birth center care, even if they have only birth center prenatal care, experience better outcomes including lower rates of preterm birth, low birth weight births, and cesarean birth, and higher rates of breastfeeding when compared to people with similar risk profiles who receive typical perinatal care.
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Winata, I. Gde Sastra, Daniel Victor Harrista, and William Alexander Setiawan. "Various birth techniques: home birth, water birth, lotus birth, hypno birth, and birth position." Indonesian Journal of Perinatology 5, no. 1 (April 6, 2024): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51559/inajperinatol.v5i1.52.
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Background: The birth process varies greatly; health workers should be able to provide education about each technique and help patients plan their labor process. Each delivery technique is assessed from the mother's side and the baby's side, not only for patient satisfaction but also for patient safety. This article will provide a review of various birth technique known which are home birth, water birth, lotus birth, hypno birth, and including various birth position. Methods: This article is a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies from studies published in PubMed, Cochrane, the British Medical Journal, BioMed Central, and Elsevier, published in 2015 to 2023. The study sample included healthy maternal nulliparous or multiparous women with a low risk of complications. The focus of the research is on childbirth using home birth techniques, water birth, lotus birth, hypno birth, and birth positions. This article includes research conducted in hospitals, maternity homes, and patients' homes. Results: There are 6 studies included in this review. Each of which provide the perspectives and experiences of patients and healthworkers regarding various birth technique used. Conclusions: Each birthing technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. Each birthing technique also has its own recommendation criteria so that a birthing technique cannot be used for every birthing patient. The birthing technique and birthing position must be adjusted to the patient's condition and the medical facilities available at that time.
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Miller, Jane E. "Birth order, interpregnancy interval and birth outcomes among Filipino infants." Journal of Biosocial Science 26, no. 2 (April 1994): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000021271.
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SummaryThis study examines the effects of birth order and interpregnancy interval on birthweight, gestational age, weight-for-gestational age, infant length, and weight-for-length in a sample of 2063 births from a longitudinal study in the Philippines. First births are the most disadvantaged of any birth order/spacing group. The risks associated with short intervals (<6 months) and high birth order (fifth or higher) are confined to infants who have both attributes; there is no excess risk associated with short previous intervals among lower-order infants, nor for high birth order infants conceived after longer intervals. This pattern is observed for all five birth outcomes and neonatal mortality, and persists in models that control for mother's age, education, smoking, family health history and nutritional status. Since fewer than 2% of births are both short interval and high birth order, the potential reduction in the incidence of low birthweight or neonatal mortality from avoiding this category of high-risk births is quite small (1–2%).
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Hermus, Marieke A. A., Marit Hitzert, Inge C. Boesveld, M. Elske van den Akker-van Marle, Paula van Dommelen, Arie Franx, Johanna P. de Graaf, et al. "Differences in optimality index between planned place of birth in a birth centre and alternative planned places of birth, a nationwide prospective cohort study in The Netherlands: results of the Dutch Birth Centre Study." BMJ Open 7, no. 11 (November 2017): e016958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016958.
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ObjectivesTo compare the Optimality Index of planned birth in a birth centre with planned birth in a hospital and planned home birth for low-risk term pregnant women who start labour under the responsibility of a community midwife.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingLow-risk pregnant women under care of a community midwife and living in a region with one of the 21 participating Dutch birth centres or in a region with the possibility for midwife-led hospital birth. Home birth was commonly available in all regions included in the study.Participants3455 low-risk term pregnant women (1686 nulliparous and 1769 multiparous) who gave birth between 1 July 2013 and 31 December 2013: 1668 planned birth centre births, 701 planned midwife-led hospital births and 1086 planned home births.Main outcome measurementsThe Optimality IndexNL-2015, a tool to measure ‘maximum outcome with minimal intervention’, was assessed by planned place of birth being a birth centre, a hospital setting or at home. Also, a composite maternal and perinatal adverse outcome score was calculated for the different planned places of birth.ResultsThere were no differences in Optimality Index NL-2015 for pregnant women who planned to give birth in a birth centre compared with women who planned to give birth in a hospital. Although effect sizes were small, women who planned to give birth at home had a higher Optimality Index NL-2015 than women who planned to give birth in a birth centre. The differences were larger for multiparous than for nulliparous women.ConclusionThe Optimality Index NL-2015 for women with planned birth centre births was comparable with planned midwife-led hospital births. Women with planned home births had a higher Optimality Index NL-2015, that is, a higher sum score of evidence-based items with an optimal value than women with planned birth centre births.
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Chhetri, Mamta, Garima Tripathi, Rakshya Joshi, Subash Koirala, Shakuntala Chapagain, and Moni Subedi. "BIRTH WEIGHT AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG LIVE BIRTHS AT CHITWAN MEDICAL COLLEGE, NEPAL." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 11, no. 4 (January 19, 2022): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.590.
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Background: Birth weight or size at birth is an essential indicator of the child’s vulnerability to the risk of childhood illnesses and diseases. Birth weight also predicts a child’s future health, growth, psychosocial development, and chances of survival. This study aimed to assess birth weight among live births in Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital. Methods: A Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted using face-to-face interviews in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital. A total of 153 women giving live births were considered as a sample. The data was collected from14 August to 13 September. We used the Pearson’s Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis to assess the factors influencing birth weight among women giving live births in Chitwan Medical College Results: Among 153 women giving live births, birth weight of newborn among live births 119(77.8%) had normal birth weight, 31(20.3%)low birth weight, 3(2%) very low birth weight. Result shows that birth weight among live births differ significantly with [ethnicity (OR=1.94;CI(0.7-5.39)], [family income (OR=1.72(0.20-14.81)], [weeks of pregnancy (OR=2.01;(0.99-8.46)], [birth interval(OR=2.45(0.39-15.34)], [planned pregnancy (OR=1.26(0.33-4.73)], [any chronic disease(OR=1.72(0.97-4.58)], [diet in pregnancy (OR=2.11(0.20-15.07)], [ANC check-up(OR=6.75(2.44-18.64)]. Conclusions: Almost one-fourth of live births had low birth weight. Multiple arrays of factors were associated with birth weight, which must be addressed. Adequate antenatal care visits integrated with nutritional supplementation and family planning services should be a focus to reduce low birth weight among live births.
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Mcgrath, John, Joy Welham, and Michael Pemberton. "Month of Birth, Hemisphere of Birth and Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 6 (December 1995): 783–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.6.783.
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BackgroundTo assess quarterly fluctuations in schizophrenia births in a southern hemisphere data set, and to compare the quarterly birth distributions of patients born in the northern and southern hemisphere.MethodThe month and place of birth of patients with schizophrenia (n = 9348) were extracted from a mental health register.ResultsThe quarterly birth distribution of patients with schizophrenia differed significantly from the estimated general population distribution in SH-born patients. The quarterly distribution of patient births differed significantly when the two hemispheres were compared.ConclusionThese data support the hypothesis that there is a risk for schizophrenia that is related to the time of birth, and which fluctuates across the year.
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Swanson, Jonathan R., and Robert A. Sinkin. "Early Births and Congenital Birth Defects." Clinics in Perinatology 40, no. 4 (December 2013): 629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2013.07.009.
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Moore, Marianne Frances. "Birth Observation Among African American Women Prior to Pregnancy." Journal of Perinatal Education 29, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/j-pe-d-19-00024.
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A focused ethnography among African American college students who had observed a live birth prior to their own pregnancy was pursued. Women described two reasons to attend births: curiosity about birth, or a desire to support the birth mother. Women attended the births of friends, family members, or saw their mother give birth to a younger sibling. Themes included pain, operative or traumatic birth, and surprise at the length and/or stages of labor. Some language suggested lingering trauma. Future expectations included painful labor, operative birth or damage, or traumatic labor and birth. Other women felt closer to the infant, or felt more prepared for their own births after observing birth. Prior personal experiences at birth should be explored prenatally.
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Aktar, Shaki, U. Tin Nu, Monjur Rahman, Jesmin Pervin, Syed Moshfiqur Rahman, Shams El Arifeen, Lars Åke Persson, and Anisur Rahman. "Trends and risk of recurrent preterm birth in pregnancy cohorts in rural Bangladesh, 1990–2019." BMJ Global Health 8, no. 11 (November 2023): e012521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012521.
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IntroductionA history of preterm birth reportedly increases the risk of subsequent preterm birth. This association has primarily been studied in high-income countries and not in low-income settings in transition with rapidly descending preterm birth figures. We evaluated the population-based trends of preterm births and recurrent preterm births and the risk of preterm birth recurrence in the second pregnancy based on prospectively studied pregnancy cohorts over three decades in Matlab, Bangladesh.MethodsA population-based cohort included 72 160 live births from 1990 to 2019. We calculated preterm birth and recurrent preterm birth trends. We assessed the odds of preterm birth recurrence based on a subsample of 14 567 women with live-born singletons in their first and second pregnancies. We used logistic regression and presented the associations by OR with a 95% CI.ResultsThe proportion of preterm births decreased from 25% in 1990 to 13% in 2019. The recurrent preterm births had a similar, falling pattern from 7.4% to 3.1% across the same period, contributing 27% of the total number of preterm births in the population. The odds of second pregnancy preterm birth were doubled (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.96 to 2.43) in women with preterm birth compared with the women with term birth in their first pregnancies, remaining similar over the study period. The lower the gestational age at the first birth, the higher the odds of preterm birth in the subsequent pregnancy (test for trend p<0.001).ConclusionIn this rural Bangladeshi setting, recurrent preterm births contributed a sizeable proportion of the total number of preterm births at the population level. The increased risk of recurrence remained similar across three decades when the total proportion of preterm births was reduced from 25% to 13%.
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Kumar, G. Anil, Sibin George, Md Akbar, Debarshi Bhattacharya, Priya Nanda, Lalit Dandona, and Rakhi Dandona. "Implications of the availability and distribution of birth weight on addressing neonatal mortality: population-based assessment from Bihar state of India." BMJ Open 12, no. 6 (June 2022): e061934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061934.
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ObjectiveA large proportion of neonatal deaths in India are attributable to low birth weight (LBW). We report population-based distribution and determinants of birth weight in Bihar state, and on the perceptions about birth weight among carers.DesignA cross-sectional household survey in a state representative sample of 6007 live births born in 2018–2019. Mothers provided detailed interviews on sociodemographic characteristics and birth weight, and their perceptions on LBW (birth weight <2500 g). We report on birth weight availability, LBW prevalence, neonatal mortality rate (NMR) by birth weight and perceptions of mothers on LBW implications.SettingBihar state, India.ParticipantsWomen with live birth between October 2018 and September 2019.ResultsA total of 5021 (83.5%) live births participated, and 3939 (78.4%) were weighed at birth. LBW prevalence among those with available birth weight was 18.4% (95% CI 17.1 to 19.7). Majority (87.5%) of the live births born at home were not weighed at birth. LBW prevalence decreased and birth weight ≥2500 g increased significantly with increasing wealth index quartile. NMR was significantly higher in live births weighing <1500 g (11.3%; 95% CI 5.1 to 23.1) and 1500–1999 g (8.0%; 95% CI 4.6 to 13.6) than those weighing ≥2500 g (1.3%, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.7). Assuming proportional correspondence of LBW and NMR in live births with and without birth weight, the estimated LBW among those without birth weight was 35.5% (95% CI 33.0 to 38.0) and among all live births irrespective of birth weight availability was 23.0% (95% CI 21.9 to 24.2). 70% of mothers considered LBW to be a sign of sickness, 59.5% perceived it as a risk of developing other illnesses and 8.6% as having an increased probability of death.ConclusionsMissing birth weight is substantially compromising the planning of interventions to address LBW at the population-level. Variations of LBW by place of delivery and sociodemographic indicators, and the perceptions of carers about LBW can facilitate appropriate actions to address LBW and the associated neonatal mortality.
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Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn, Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale, Yigizie Yeshaw, Dessie Abebaw Angaw, and Ayenew Lakew Molla. "Assessing the effects of duration of birth interval on adverse pregnancy outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: a propensity score-matched analysis." BMJ Open 13, no. 4 (April 2023): e062149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062149.
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ObjectivesUnlike high-income countries, sub-Saharan African countries have the highest burden of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight and preterm births. The WHO set optimal birth spacing as a key strategy to improve pregnancy outcomes. Estimating the impact of short and long birth intervals on adverse pregnancy outcomes based on an observational study like the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) is prone to selection bias. Therefore, we used the propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis to estimate the actual impact of short and long birth intervals on adverse pregnancy outcomes.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted based on the DHS data.SettingWe used the recent DHS data of 36 sub-Saharan African countries.ParticipantsA total of 302 580 pregnant women for stillbirth and abortion, 153 431 for birth weight and 115 556 births for preterm births were considered.Primary outcome measuresTo estimate the impact of duration of birth interval (short/long) on adverse pregnancy outcomes, we used PSM analysis with logit model usingpsmatch2 ateSTATA command to find average treatment effect on the population (ATE), treated and untreated. The quality of matching was assessed statistically and graphically. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the robustness of the PSM estimates using the Mantel-Haenszel test statistic.ResultsThe prevalence of short and long birth intervals in sub-Saharan Africa was 46.85% and 13.61%, respectively. The prevalence rates of abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, macrosomia, and preterm births were 6.11%, 0.84%, 9.63%, 9.04%, and 4.87%, respectively. In the PSM analysis, the differences in ATE of short birth intervals on abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, and preterm births were 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%, respectively, and −2.6% for macrosomia. The difference in ATE among the treated group was 1%, 1%, and 1.1% increased risk of abortion, low birth weight, and preterm births, respectively, while there was no difference in risk of stillbirth between the treated and control groups. The ATEs of long birth intervals on abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, macrosomia and preterm births were 1.3%, 0.4%, 1.0%, 3.4%, and 0.2%, respectively. The ATE on the treated group had 0.9%, 0.4%, 2.4%, 2.8%, and 0.2% increased risk of abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, macrosomia, and preterm births, respectively. The estimates were insensitive to hidden bias and had a good quality of matching.ConclusionShort and long birth intervals had a significant positive impact on stillbirth, abortion, low birth weight, macrosomia and preterm births after matching treated and control groups by observed variables. These findings highlighted maternal and newborn healthcare programmes and policies to empower reproductive-aged women to exercise optimal birth spacing to reduce the incidence of stillbirth, abortion, low birth weight, macrosomia and preterm births.
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Miao, Huazhang, Hui He, Chuan Nie, Jianbing Ren, and Xianqiong Luo. "Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Risk Factors for All and Severity-Specific Preterm Births in Southern China, 2014-2021: Large Population-Based Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 10 (June 18, 2024): e48815. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/48815.
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Background The worldwide incidence of preterm births is increasing, and the risks of adverse outcomes for preterm infants significantly increase with shorter gestation, resulting in a substantial socioeconomic burden. Limited epidemiological studies have been conducted in China regarding the incidence and spatiotemporal trends of preterm births. Seasonal variations in risk indicate the presence of possible modifiable factors. Gender influences the risk of preterm birth. Objective This study aims to assess the incidence rates of preterm birth, very preterm birth, and extremely preterm birth; elucidate their spatiotemporal distribution; and investigate the risk factors associated with preterm birth. Methods We obtained data from the Guangdong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Information System, spanning from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2021, pertaining to neonates with gestational ages ranging from 24 weeks to 42 weeks. The primary outcome measures assessed variations in the rates of different preterm birth subtypes over the course of the study, such as by year, region, and season. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between preterm birth incidence and per capita gross domestic product (GDP), simultaneously analyzing the contributing risk factors. Results The analysis incorporated data from 13,256,743 live births. We identified 754,268 preterm infants and 12,502,475 full-term infants. The incidences of preterm birth, very preterm birth, and extremely preterm birth were 5.69 per 100 births, 4.46 per 1000 births, and 4.83 per 10,000 births, respectively. The overall incidence of preterm birth increased from 5.12% in 2014 to 6.38% in 2021. The incidence of extremely preterm birth increased from 4.10 per 10,000 births in 2014 to 8.09 per 10,000 births in 2021. There was a positive correlation between the incidence of preterm infants and GDP per capita. In more developed economic regions, the incidence of preterm births was higher. Furthermore, adjusted odds ratios revealed that advanced maternal age, multiple pregnancies, and male infants were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, whereas childbirth in the autumn season was associated with a protective effect against preterm birth. Conclusions The incidence of preterm birth in southern China exhibited an upward trend, closely linked to enhancements in the care capabilities for high-risk pregnant women and critically ill newborns. With the recent relaxation of China's 3-child policy, coupled with a temporary surge in advanced maternal age and multiple pregnancies, the risk of preterm birth has risen. Consequently, there is a pressing need to augment public health investments aimed at mitigating the risk factors associated with preterm birth, thereby alleviating the socioeconomic burden it imposes.
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Collins, Kim A., and Edwina Popek. "Birth Injury: Birth Asphyxia and Birth Trauma." Academic Forensic Pathology 8, no. 4 (December 2018): 788–864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1925362118821468.
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Injury to a fetus or neonate during delivery can be due to several factors involving the fetus, placenta, mother, and/or instrumentation. Birth asphyxia results in hypoxia and ischemia, with global damage to organ systems. Birth trauma, that is mechanical trauma, can also cause asphyxia and/or morbidity and mortality based on the degree and anatomic location of the trauma. Some of these injuries resolve spontaneously with little or no consequence while others result in permanent damage and severe morbidity. Unfortunately, some birth injuries are fatal. To understand the range of birth injuries, one must know the risk factors, clinical presentations, pathology and pathophysiology, and postmortem autopsy findings. It is imperative for clinicians and pathologists to understand the causes of birth injury; recognize the radiographic, gross, and microscopic appearances of these injuries; differentiate them from inflicted postpartum trauma; and work to prevent future cases.
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MOHSIN, M., F. WONG, ADRIAN BAUMAN, and JUN BAI. "MATERNAL AND NEONATAL FACTORS INFLUENCING PREMATURE BIRTH AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN AUSTRALIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 35, no. 2 (April 2003): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003001615.
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This study identified the influences of neonatal and maternal factors on premature birth and low birth weight in New South Wales, Australia. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the association of selected neonatal and maternal characteristics with premature birth and low birth weight. The findings of this study showed that premature birth and low birth weight rate significantly varied by infant sex, maternal age, marital status, Aboriginality, parity, maternal smoking behaviour during pregnancy and maternal hypertension. First-born infants, and infants born to mothers aged less than 20 years, or who were single, separated/divorced, Aboriginal or who smoked during the pregnancy, were at increased risk of being premature or of low birth weight. This study also found that risk factors for premature births and low birth weight were similar in both singleton and multiple births. Gestational age was confirmed to be the single most important risk factor for low birth weight. The findings of this study suggest that in order to reduce the incidence of low birth weight and premature births, health improvement strategies should focus on antismoking campaigns during pregnancy and other healthcare programmes targeted at the socially disadvantaged populations identified in the study.
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Song, In Gyu, Min Sun Kim, Seung Han Shin, Ee-Kyung Kim, Han-suk Kim, Seulggie Choi, Soonman Kwon, and Sang Min Park. "Birth outcomes of immigrant women married to native men in the Republic of Korea: a population register-based study." BMJ Open 7, no. 9 (September 2017): e017720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017720.
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ObjectivesThe Republic of Korea (Korea) has experienced a steady increase in the number of births from immigrant women over the last 20 years. However, little is known about the birth outcomes of immigrant women in Korea. This study compared Korean birth data from immigrant and native women who married native men, and explored the factors that affected birth outcomes among immigrant women.DesignObservational cross-sectional study.SettingNationwide registry-based study in Korea.ParticipantsA total of 70 258 records from immigrant women and 1700 976 records from native women were examined using the National Birth Registration Database, from 2010 to 2013.Independent variableNative Korean women and immigrant women who married native men.OutcomesProportion of preterm births, post-term births, low birth weights and macrosomia.ResultsAdjusted ORs (aOR) were calculated for the adverse birth outcomes, and subgroup analyses were performed according to parity and mothers from three Asian countries (China, Vietnam, the Philippines). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were also conducted to evaluate the association of these factors with birth outcomes among immigrant women. Immigrant women had higher OR of post-term births (aOR 1.62; 95% CI 1.44 to 1.83) and low birth weights (aOR 1.17; CI 1.12 to 1.22). Mothers from the Philippines had higher OR of preterm births (aOR 1.26; CI 1.12 to 1.52) and Chinese mothers had higher OR of macrosomia (aOR 1.55; CI 1.44 to 1.66). The OR of post-term births and low birth weights was significantly higher in the first pregnancies of immigrant women.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated higher proportions of adverse birth outcomes among immigrant women who married Korean men, compared with native women in Korea. Policies reducing the gap in birth outcomes between native and immigrant women are needed.
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Kafle, Ramesh Babu. "Transition in risks of higher order births in Nepal: a life table analysis." International Journal of Population Studies 6, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v6i2.160.
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This paper examines declining fertility in a low development setting. Specifically, this paper analyzes transitions in age at first birth and of the length of birth intervals, the variations of the length of birth intervals by selected socioeconomic and demographic factors, and the determinants of the risk of higher order birth in Nepal by using the DHS data. There is very little change in the age at start of fertility schedule but the proportion of women progressing to the next higher order birth from the second, third and fourth births has declined over time. Increases in the median length of higher order birth intervals and decline in the ultimate proportions of women attaining higher order births drive declines in the pace of childbearing and overall fertility level. Controlling for other factors, higher order births are more likely among women who had given a previous birth before the survey period or women who had a female birth compared to women who did not have such births. Significantly, lower hazard ratio of the second birth is observed among women who are more educated, working in non-agriculture sector, from well-to-do households, with higher age at first birth, and whose first child survived during infancy.
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Jelly, Prasuna. "Influence of Choice of Birth on Women’s Child Birth Experience." Journal of Nurse Midwifery and Maternal Health 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jnmmh.2454.7506.6120.1.
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Nadeem, Sumaira, Madiha Fatima, Samia Rafique, and Ayesha Abdul Sattar. "Frequency of Preterm Birth in Pregnant Female Residents and Impact of Working Hours on Preterm Birth." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 3 (March 24, 2023): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317397.
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Background: Varying work schedules are suspected of increasing risks to pregnant women and fetal wellbeing. Aim: To compare mean working hours in females residents with preterm birth and full term birth. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross sectional study. Female residents (n=163) were enrolled through non-probability consecutive sampling. All pregnant female residents meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled after informed consent. Their basic information like age, parity; gestational age at delivery was recorded. Their working hours per week were noted. They all were followed till their delivery. Data was evaluated by using SPSS v.24. Chi square was applied with P-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Quantitative variables were presented as mean±SD while categorical data was presented as percentage. Results: Mean age of female doctors was 29.22±1.81 years. A total of 28(17.18%) females had preterm birth while 135(82.82%) had term deliveries. The mean working hours were statistically higher in doctors having preterm birth i.e. 67.11±1.97 hours / week with p-value < 0.05. Practical Implication: As there is a high incidence of preterm births among our pregnant females residents and there is lack of local data that specifically addresses this health issue thus current study was planned. This study highlighted relationship of duty hours and adverse birth events during pregnancy like preterm bith, pre-maturity thus established the significance of duty stress because of long duty hours as a poor prognostic indicator for pregnancy outcome. Conclusion: It was concluded that frequency of preterm birth in female residents having long duty hours was considerably high i.e. 17.18%. Hence pregnant doctors must be given relaxation in their duty hours especially in their 3rd trimester to minimize the risk of poor fetal and maternal outcome. Keywords: Preterm Births, Duty Hours, Pregnant Residents and Parity.
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Denney, Jeffrey M., Jennifer F. Culhane, and Robert L. Goldenberg. "Prevention of Preterm Birth." Women's Health 4, no. 6 (November 2008): 625–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/17455057.4.6.625.
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The preterm birth rate in the USA is nearing 13%. The recent rise has been attributed to increased indicated preterm births and multiple births following artificial conceptions. There are few obstetrical interventions that successfully delay or prevent spontaneous preterm birth or reduce the risk factors leading to indicated preterm birth. On the other hand, there are many strategies that have improved outcomes for those infants who are born preterm. These include the use of corticosteroids for fetal maturation and regionalization of perinatal care for high-risk mothers and their infants. Several interventions, including progesterone use and cerclage, demonstrate promise in reducing spontaneous preterm births. The most pressing need is to better define the populations of pregnant women for whom these and other interventions will effectively reduce preterm birth.
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Lokugamage, Amali. "Fear of Home Birth in Doctors and Obstetric Iatrogenesis." International Journal of Childbirth 1, no. 4 (2011): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2156-5287.1.4.263.
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Home births are physiological births and form part of the social model of birth. Doctors, traditionally, have been very fearful of out-of-hospital birth, and physiological births happen less frequently in obstetric units. Normal/physiological birth contributes to improving public health, and doctors are often not aware of the extent of this benefit. Normal birth leads to adaptive physiological function in the baby (endocrine, immune system, thyroid function, respiration, neurology, temperature regulation), more mother and baby bonding, and promotes higher breastfeeding rates, which in turn lead to better lifelong emotional and physical health in babies. Normal birth affirms health, promotes empowerment in mothers, and is a societal event that has been linked to promoting positive emotional qualities in society via the birthing hormone, oxytocin. Training within the medical model constrains doctors’ appreciation of normal birth. Experience of complications, a lack of awareness of the evidence surrounding home birth, compounded by failure to understand the concept of iatrogenesis, perpetuates fear of home birth among doctors.
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Yildiz, Caglar, Serkan Celikgun, Begum Kurt, Selin Mutlu, and Serife Reyhan Ucku. "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on births: A university hospital experience." Journal of Surgery and Medicine 6, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.28982/josam.7509.
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Background/Aim: Many studies have focused on assessing the effects of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) on the general population, but insufficient data concerning the impact on vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women, are available. The aim of this study was to compare the results of births before and during the pandemic in terms of maternal and newborn health and to determine the effect of the pandemic on such births. Methods: The population of this descriptive, retrospective cohort study consisted of women who gave birth in Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between 01.03.2019–31.08.2019 and 01.03.2020–31.08.2020. No sample selection was made. As birth characteristics, the total and average number of births per month, the week of birth, whether there was a preterm birth, and the mode of delivery were evaluated. Age, number of pregnancies and births were evaluated as maternal characteristics. The birth weight and height of the newborn, number of babies with low birth weight, presence of stillbirth, Apgar 0 and 5 minute scores, and birth complications were evaluated as birth outcomes. Countable data were expressed as numbers and percentages and measurement data as mean, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values. Inter-period means were compared with the t-test, nominal data were compared with the chi-squared test, and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: It was observed that a 22.1% increase in the number of births during the pandemic period (n = 685) occurred when compared with the pre-pandemic period (n = 561). The difference in the increase in the number of births in both periods was not statistically significant (P = 0.153). The birth patterns, gender of the newborns, and the birth rates, including low birth weights, were similar during both periods. Gravidity and parity averages and minimum–maximum values were similar in both periods. When the weeks of gestation at birth were compared, it was observed that births occurred in the months before the pandemic, on average, during earlier gestational weeks. The number of births with fetal anomalies and stillbirths were compared, and it was found that the number of cases seen in both periods were similar. Conclusion: In this study, the characteristics and results of the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods were found to be similar.
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Ma, Rui, Yali Luo, Jun Wang, Yanxia Zhou, Haiyang Sun, Xi Ren, Quan Xu, Lian Zhang, and Lingyun Zou. "Ten-year time trends in preterm birth during a sociodemographic transition period: a retrospective cohort study in Shenzhen, China." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e037266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037266.
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ObjectivesTo investigate time trends of preterm birth and estimate the contributions of risk factors to the changes in preterm birth rates over a decade (2009–2018) of transitional period in Shenzhen, China.DesignRetrospective cohort study between 2009 and 2018.SettingAll births in Baoan during January 2009 and December 2018 registered in the Shenzhen Birth Registry Database.Participants478 044 live births were included with sociodemographic and medical records for both women and infants.Outcome measuresThe incidence rate of preterm birth stratified by different maternal and infant characteristics. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify significant risk factors associated with preterm birth. The population attributable risk fraction of each factor was calculated to estimate its contribution to variations of preterm birth rate over the 10 years.ResultsA total of 27 829 preterm births from 478 044 (5.8%) live births were recorded and the preterm birth rate increased from 5.5% in 2009 to 6.2% in 2018. Medically induced preterm birth rate increased from 2.0% in 2009 to 3.4% in 2018 while spontaneous preterm labour rate decreased from 3.3% to 2.7% over the decade years. Risk factors including multiple pregnancy (0.28% increase) drove the rise of preterm birth rate, whereas changes in maternal educational attainment (0.22% reduction) and prenatal care utilisation (0.45% reduction) had contributed to the decline in preterm birth rate.ConclusionsAn uptrend of preterm birth rate was observed in an area under rapid sociodemographic transitions during 2009–2018 and the changes were associated with these sociodemographic transitions. Continued investments in girls’ education and prenatal care have the potential of reducing preterm birth rate.
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Waynforth, David. "Reduced birth intervals following the birth of children with long-term illness: evidence supporting a conditional evolved response." Biology Letters 11, no. 10 (October 2015): 20150728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0728.
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Human birth interval length is indicative of the level of parental investment that a child will receive: a short interval following birth means that parental resources must be split with a younger sibling during a period when the older sibling remains highly dependent on their parents. From a life-history theoretical perspective, it is likely that there are evolved mechanisms that serve to maximize fitness depending on context. One context that would be expected to result in short birth intervals, and lowered parental investment, is after a child with low expected fitness is born. Here, data drawn from a longitudinal British birth cohort study were used to test whether birth intervals were shorter following the birth of a child with a long-term health problem. Data on the timing of 4543 births were analysed using discrete-time event history analysis. The results were consistent with the hypothesis: birth intervals were shorter following the birth of a child diagnosed by a medical professional with a severe but non-fatal medical condition. Covariates in the analysis were also significantly associated with birth interval length: births of twins or multiple births, and relationship break-up were associated with significantly longer birth intervals.
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KARABACAK, A., and U. ZULKADIR. "Distribution of births within a day in Anatolian Merino Sheep." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 84, no. 3 (March 7, 2014): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v84i3.38712.
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This research was conducted to investigate the relevance of lamb sex, birth type and birth rate on birth distribution within the 24 h daily cycle in Anatolian Merino sheep. The aim is to find solutions to problems that could arise in this subject. Birth records from 981 ewes and their 1,175 lambs from 2010–2011 were used for the study. The twin birth rate was 19.78% and the females were 54.54% and males 45.46%. The percentage of lambs born between 22: 01 and 04: 00, 04: 01 and 10:00, 10: 01 and 16: 00, and 16: 01 and 22: 00 was 25.99%, 29.36%, 25.57% and 20.08% respectively. For sheep giving birth for the first time, the highest birth rate (27.18%) was between 04: 01 and 10: 00, while for sheep giving birth for the second, third or fourth time the percentages were 28.88, 31.78 and 29.26%, respectively, and the births occurred at the same time. In the study, 53.93% of births took place during daylight hours while 46.07% of births took place at night. The percentage of births between 22: 00 and 04: 00 was 25.99%.
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F. Obi, Izuchukwu, Ugochukwu U. Nwokoye, Okechukwu P. Ossai, Michael I. Nwafor, and Patrick Nguku. "Descriptive epidemiology of external structural birth defects in Enugu State, Nigeria." Ghana Medical Journal 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v56i4.5.
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Objectives: To determine the birth prevalence, trend, and characteristics of external structural birth defects occurrence in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria.Design: Cross-sectional study involving review of delivery records.Setting: The study was conducted at three tertiary hospitals, one public and two missionary, in Enugu Metropolis.Participants: Mothers and their babies delivered between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2016 in the study facilities.Main outcome measures: Birth prevalence of defects presented as frequency/10,000 births. Other descriptive variables are presented as frequencies and percentages.Results: There were 21530 births with 133 birth defects (birth prevalence: 61.8/10,000 births) and 1176 stillbirths (stillbirth rate: 54.6/1000 births). The frequencies and birth prevalence (/10,000 births) of recorded defects were: Limb deformities 60(27.9), Neural tube defects (NTDs): 36(16.7), Urogenital system defects: 12(5.6), Gastrointestinal system defects 10(4.6) and Orofacial clefts 4(1.9). Birth defects occurrence showed a rising trend from 2009 to 2016. The mean (SD) age of mothers whose babies had Birth defects was 29.1(4.7) years. Only 62(46.6%) of 133 antenatal clinic folders of these women were traceable for further review. Eighteen (29.0%) had febrile illness in early pregnancy, 9(14.5%) had Malaria, 17(27.4%) had <4 antenatal clinic attendance, 7(11.3%) did not take folic acid and 6(9.7%) took herbal medications during pregnancy.Conclusions: Birth defects occurrence showed a rising trend with limb deformities and NTDs having the highest prevalence. Record keeping was poor at the facilities. Birth defects preventive interventions like folic acid supplementation for women-of-childbearing age should be promoted in Enugu Metropolis.
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B. Patil, Alka, and Hetashvi Sudani. "Multiple Birth Awareness." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.9321.5.
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Twin pregnancy has been a fascinating subject and has generated a lot of interest in obstetrics, many religions, communities, and cultures. Multiple gestation still pose challenging problems for modern medicine. Almost every maternal and neonatal problem is increased in multiple gestations justifying their high-risk status and need for specialized management. Awareness of multiple birth is vital amongst patients, families, community, society, health care professionals and national health policy makers. They should have awareness about diagnosis, complications, management, socio-economic impact of multiple birth.
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Kayle, Mariam, Audrey Blewer, Wei Pan, Jennifer A. Rothman, Carri Polick, Joshua Rivenbark, Elliott Fisher, et al. "Sickle Cell Disease Births and Social Vulnerability (2016-2020): A Report from the Sickle Cell Data Collection Program." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 3757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-190363.
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Introduction Despite national implementation of universal newborn screening for sickle cell disease (SCD) since 2006, data on the prevalence of SCD births in the United States are scarce. Updated prevalence data by geographic location are needed to guide the allocation of resources and to connect newborns to comprehensive SCD care. The purposes of this study were to describe the 1) crude and race-adjusted SCD birth prevalence and 2) crude SCD birth prevalence by quartiles of the social vulnerability index (SVI, CDC, 2020) in 11 Sickle Cell Data Collection (SCDC) program states (Alabama, California, Colorado, Georgia, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin). Methods This retrospective cohort study used newborn screening (NBS) records from 2016 to 2020. Births were included if they were confirmed SCD births and the mother's county of residence at the time of birth was in an SCDC state. Mother's county and newborn's race, ethnicity, sex, date of birth, and genotype were extracted from NBS records or birth certificates, if available. Crude SCD birth prevalence per 10,000 was calculated by dividing the cumulative number of SCD births by the cumulative number of all live births from 2016 to 2020 and multiplying by 10,000. Race-adjusted SCD birth prevalence was calculated by dividing the cumulative number of Black SCD births by live non-Hispanic Black (NHB) births from 2016 to 2020 and multiplying by 10,000. Frequency of all births and NHB births were obtained from each state's health department. County characteristics were quantified by the SVI using the 2020 state-ranked CDC/ATSDR SVI datasets (CDC, 2020) and were matched to mother's county of residence at birth. SVI ranks counties on 16 social factors, including unemployment, minority status, and disability. Ranks were grouped into SVI quartiles: low (0 ≤ SVI ≤ 0.25), medium (0.25 < SVI ≤ 0.5), high (0.5 < SVI ≤ 0.75) and very high (0.75 < SVI ≤ 1.0) vulnerability. Crude SCD birth prevalence was calculated for each SVI quartile. Results From 2016 through 2020, there were 3,305 newborns with SCD across 11 SCDC states [ 49.6% male, 89.8% Black]. Georgia had the highest number of births (n=758) followed by North Carolina (n=435), California (n=419), and Alabama (n=386). The majority (57.0%) had Hb SS or Hb S Beta 0 thalassemia, 27.9% had Hb SC, and 9.6 % had Hb S Beta + thalassemia or other SCD type. The crude SCD birth prevalence ranged from 1.22 to 13.22 per 10,000 live births. The race-adjusted SCD birth prevalence for SCDC states was 28.55 per 10,000 or 1 in every 350 NHB births. Race-adjusted birth prevalence varied among states ranging from 19.53 to 34.11 per 10,000 NHB births (Table 1). Overall, the majority (67%) of mothers of newborns with SCD resided in high or very high social vulnerability counties (Figure 1). Except for Colorado, where the highest crude SCD birth prevalence was among mothers residing in medium social vulnerability counties, the remaining 10 SCDC states had the highest prevalence among mothers residing in high or very high social vulnerability counties. Limitations include using the mother's reported race for all births to calculate race-adjusted birth prevalence. Additionally, because of missing data on ethnicity for SCD births, we used all Black SCD births, rather than non-Hispanic Black SCD births, to calculate the race-adjusted SCD birth prevalence. Despite the limitations, the study provides crude and race-adjusted SCD birth prevalence data from 11 states in the South, Midwest, and Western United States, covering an estimated one third of the SCD population in the United States. Furthermore, providing the crude prevalence of SCD births by SVI quartile adds valuable information on county-level characteristics that might influence health outcomes for newborns with SCD. Conclusions The race-adjusted birth prevalence for SCD remains stable from previous estimates at 1 in every 350 BNH births. The finding that most mothers of newborns with SCD reside in high and very high social vulnerability counties at the time of birth underscores the importance of assessing social determinants of health (SDOH) that may impact health outcomes for newborns with SCD. Findings from this report can be used to guide state- and county-level programs that address SDOH for people with SCD and have implication for clinicians who must incorporate screening for SDOH in their practice and refer families to community resources as needed.
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Meroz, Michal (Rosie), and Anat Gesser-Edelsburg. "Institutional and Cultural Perspectives on Home Birth in Israel." Journal of Perinatal Education 24, no. 1 (2015): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.24.1.25.
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ABSTRACTThis study exposes doctors’ and midwives’ perceptions and misperceptions regarding home birth by examining their views on childbirth in general and on risk associated with home births in particular. It relies on an approach of risk communication and an anthropological framework. In a qualitative-constructive study, 19 in-depth interviews were conducted with hospital doctors, hospital midwives, home-birth midwives, and a home-birth obstetrician. Our findings reveal that hospital midwives and doctors suffer from lack of exposure to home births, leading to disagreement regarding norms and risk; it also revealed sexist or patriarchal worldviews. Recommendations include improving communication between home-birth midwives and hospital counterparts; increased exposure of hospital doctors to home birth, creating new protocols in collaboration with home-birth midwives; and establishing a national database of home births.
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Homer, Caroline S. E., Seong L. Cheah, Chris Rossiter, Hannah G. Dahlen, David Ellwood, Maralyn J. Foureur, Della A. Forster, et al. "Maternal and perinatal outcomes by planned place of birth in Australia 2000 – 2012: a linked population data study." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e029192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029192.
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ObjectiveTo compare perinatal and maternal outcomes for Australian women with uncomplicated pregnancies according to planned place of birth, that is, in hospital labour wards, birth centres or at home.DesignA population-based retrospective design, linking and analysing routinely collected electronic data. Analysis comprised χ2tests and binary logistic regression for categorical data, yielding adjusted ORs. Continuous data were analysed using analysis of variance.SettingAll eight Australian states and territories.ParticipantsWomen with uncomplicated pregnancies who gave birth between 2000 and 2012 to a singleton baby in cephalic presentation at between 37 and 41 completed weeks’ gestation. Of the 1 251 420 births, 1 171 703 (93.6%) were planned in hospital labour wards, 71 505 (5.7%) in birth centres and 8212 (0.7%) at home.Main outcome measuresMode of birth, normal labour and birth, interventions and procedures during labour and birth, maternal complications, admission to special care/high dependency or intensive care units (mother or infant) and perinatal mortality (intrapartum stillbirth and neonatal death).ResultsCompared with planned hospital births, the odds of normal labour and birth were over twice as high in planned birth centre births (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.72; 99% CI 2.63 to 2.81) and nearly six times as high in planned home births (AOR 5.91; 99% CI 5.15 to 6.78). There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of intrapartum stillbirths, early or late neonatal deaths between the three planned places of birth.ConclusionsThis is the first Australia-wide study to examine outcomes by planned place of birth. For healthy women in Australia having an uncomplicated pregnancy, planned births in birth centres or at home are associated with positive maternal outcomes although the number of homebirths was small overall. There were no significant differences in the perinatal mortality rate, although the absolute numbers of deaths were very small and therefore firm conclusions cannot be drawn about perinatal mortality outcomes.
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Rao, K. Vaninadha, and T. R. Balakrishnan. "Timing of first birth and second birth spacing in Canada." Journal of Biosocial Science 21, no. 3 (July 1989): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017995.
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SummaryIn Canadian society the influence of first birth timing on the subsequent birth interval has been eroded over time, as shown by the Canadian Fertility Survey of 1984. The influence of first birth timing is significant for second births among women married during the baby boom period, but not for those married thereafter. Religiosity, marital status, and place of residence are significant factors in second birth timing in Canada.
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O'Connor, Leigh Anne. "Celebrate Birth!—Chloe's Birth." Journal of Perinatal Education 29, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/j-pe-d-20-00008.
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Leigh Anne shares the story not only of Chloe's birth but of the birth of her first daughter, Phoebe, and the loss of her second baby. She describes waiting for labor to start, and her frustration when arriving at the hospital to find, to her surprise, that she was not ready to push. With the support of her midwife, her husband, and her friend, Leigh Anne manages a hard labor, made long and difficult because of a compound presentation, and gives birth to her sweet baby girl.
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Grunberg, Steven M., Jorn Herrstedt, and Paul J. Hesketh. "Birth and re-birth." Supportive Care in Cancer 16, no. 9 (July 29, 2008): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-008-0488-z.
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Andrews, Alison. "Home birth experience 2: births/postnatal reflections." British Journal of Midwifery 12, no. 9 (September 2004): 552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2004.12.9.15907.
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Poon, L. C. Y., M. Y. Tan, G. Yerlikaya, A. Syngelaki, and K. H. Nicolaides. "Birth weight in live births and stillbirths." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 48, no. 5 (November 2016): 602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.17287.
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Nethery, Elizabeth, Laura Schummers, Audrey Levine, Aaron B. Caughey, Vivienne Souter, and Wendy Gordon. "Birth Outcomes for Planned Home and Licensed Freestanding Birth Center Births in Washington State." Obstetrics & Gynecology 138, no. 5 (October 6, 2021): 693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000004578.
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Partington, Susan N., Dale L. Steber, Kathleen A. Blair, and Ron A. Cisler. "Second Births to Teenage Mothers: Risk Factors For Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth." Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 41, no. 2 (June 2009): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/4110109.
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Watts, K., J. Collier, and D. Fraser. "Risk of premature birth, low apgar score and low birth weight for teenage births." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 96, Supplement 1 (June 1, 2011): Fa124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild.2011.300157.6.
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Willis, Angela. "Optimising Medical Births 4. Positive Caesarean Births." Practising Midwife 25, no. 03 (April 1, 2022): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55975/jygg7011.
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In the UK, one in every three to four births is now a caesarean birth. More women and birthing people are choosing maternally requested caesarean births. This is for a number of reasons including increased knowledge of birth modes, fear of vaginal childbirth, the societal perception of birth in the media, previous trauma, and concerns with medicalisation or induction of labour, which is also on the rise with 30–40% of women choosing a vaginal birth having their labour medically induced. Whilst midwives have always been the supporters of physiological birth, we need to support all women and birthing people to have a safe and positive birth being ‘with woman’.
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Chendrayudu, N., and C. Prabhavathamma. "DECLINING SEX RATIO AT BIRTH IN INDIA: IMPLICATION OF SEX DETERMINATION TECHNOLOGY MISUSE." Geographical Analysis 9, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53989/bu.ga.v9i1.2.
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The paper examined decline sex ratio at birth in India and its major states. Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB) refereed to male births per female births. As of 2014, the global sex ratio at birth was estimated at 107 boys to 100 girls. At present, declining sex ratio at birth deemed to be a silent emergency. But the crisis emerged as real, and its persistence has profound and frightening implications for society and the future of humankind. Keywords: Sex Ratio at Birth; Child Sex Ratio; Sex Determination Tests and Female Foetus Abortions
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Barnett, Elizabeth. "Race Differences in the Proportion of Low Birth Weight Attributable to Maternal Cigarette Smoking in a Low-Income Population." American Journal of Health Promotion 10, no. 2 (November 1995): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-10.2.105.
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Purpose. To quantify race differences in the public health impact of maternal cigarette smoking on infant birth weight and to estimate the proportion of low birth weight births that could be prevented by maternal smoking cessation. Design. A cohort that consisted of 77,751 mother-infant pairs was evaluated retrospectively. Setting. Statewide study of Women, Infants and Children participants in North Carolina. Subjects. African-American and non-Hispanic white women who delivered a single live infant during 1988, 1989, or 1990. Measures. Logistic regression estimates of the relative risk of low birth weight births for smokers were used to calculate adjusted population attributable risk percentages for smoking. Separate population attributable risk percentages were calculated for total low birth weight, moderately low birth weight, and very low birth weight, and all estimates were adjusted for prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, age, education, parity, and timing of entry into prenatal care. Results. Non-Hispanic whites had a much higher prevalence of smoking and were heavier smokers than African-Americans. For both moderately low birth weight and very low birth weight, the population attributable risk percentages for smoking were twice as high for non-Hispanic whites than for African-Americans. Overall, after adjustment, 30.7% of low birth weight births among non-Hispanic whites and 14.4% of low birth weight births among African-Americans were attributable to smoking. Conclusions. Although the public health impact of maternal cigarette smoking on infant birth weight was twice as high for non-Hispanic whites as for African-Americans in this low-income population, smoking cessation by all low-income pregnant women would result in significant improvements in infant health and well-being.
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Khan, Sadiya S., Adam S. Vaughan, Katharine Harrington, Laura Seegmiller, Xiaoning Huang, Lindsay R. Pool, Matthew M. Davis, et al. "US County–Level Variation in Preterm Birth Rates, 2007-2019." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 12 (December 8, 2023): e2346864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.46864.
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ImportancePreterm birth is a leading cause of preventable neonatal morbidity and mortality. Preterm birth rates at the national level may mask important geographic variation in rates and trends at the county level.ObjectiveTo estimate age-standardized preterm birth rates by US county from 2007 to 2019.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis serial cross-sectional study used data from the National Center for Health Statistics composed of all live births in the US between 2007 and 2019. Data analyses were performed between March 22, 2022, and September 29, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAge-standardized preterm birth (&lt;37 weeks’ gestation) and secondarily early preterm birth (&lt;34 weeks’ gestation) rates by county and year calculated with a validated small area estimation model (hierarchical bayesian spatiotemporal model) and percent change in preterm birth rates using log-linear regression models.ResultsBetween 2007 and 2019, there were 51 044 482 live births in 2383 counties. In 2007, the national age-standardized preterm birth rate was 12.6 (95% CI, 12.6-12.7) per 100 live births. Preterm birth rates varied significantly among counties, with an absolute difference between the 90th and 10th percentile counties of 6.4 (95% CI, 6.2-6.7). The gap between the highest and lowest counties for preterm births was 20.7 per 100 live births in 2007. Several counties in the Southeast consistently had the highest preterm birth rates compared with counties in California and New England, which had the lowest preterm birth rates. Although there was no statistically significant change in preterm birth rates between 2007 and 2019 at the national level (percent change, −5.0%; 95% CI, −10.7% to 0.9%), increases occurred in 15.4% (95% CI, 14.1%-16.9%) of counties. The absolute and relative geographic inequalities were similar across all maternal age groups. Higher quartile of the Social Vulnerability Index was associated with higher preterm birth rates (quartile 4 vs quartile 1 risk ratio, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.31-1.36), which persisted across the study period. Similar patterns were observed for early preterm birth rates.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this serial cross-sectional study of county-level preterm and early preterm birth rates, substantial geographic disparities were observed, which were associated with place-based social disadvantage. Stability in aggregated rates of preterm birth at the national level masked increases in nearly 1 in 6 counties between 2007 and 2019.
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Barbosa, Raphael, Maria Teresa Seabra Soares Britto Alves, Ian Nathasje, Deysianne Chagas, Vanda Ferreira Simões, and Leonardo Silva. "Factors Associated with Inadequate Birth Intervals in the BRISA Birth Cohort, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 42, no. 02 (February 2020): 067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701463.
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Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of inadequate birth interval and its associated factors in the BRISA study. Methods Cross-sectional study using data from the BRISA cohort. Birth interval was categorized into “adequate” (≥ 2 years or < 5 years between births), “short interval” (< 2 years) and “long interval” (≥ 5 years). The analysis of the factors associated with short and long birth intervals used multinomial logistic regression. Results The prevalence of adequate birth intervals was 48.3%, of long intervals, 34.6%, and of short intervals, 17.1%. Skin color, age, education level, economic status, type of delivery, number of prenatal visits, parity, blood pressure, diabetes, and anemia (p-value was < 0.2 in the univariate analysis) proceeded to the final model. The variable ≥ 3 births (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29; confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.65) was associated with short intervals. Age < 20 years old (OR = 0.48; CI: 0.02–0.12) or ≥ 35 years old (OR = 2.43; CI: 1.82–3.25), ≥ 6 prenatal visits (OR = 0.58; CI: 0.47–0.72), ≥ 3 births (OR = 0.59; CI: 0.49–0.73), and gestational diabetes (OR = 0.38; CI: 0.20–0.75) were associated with long intervals. Conclusion Older mothers were more likely to have long birth intervals, and higher parity increases the chances of short birth intervals. Furthermore, gestational diabetes and adequate prenatal care presented higher chances of having adequate birth intervals, indicating that health assistance during pregnancy is important to encourage an adequate interval between gestations.
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Metgud, Mrityunjay, Pramila Koli, Baburao Nilgar, and Maheshwar Mallapur. "Association of first Birth Cesarean Delivery and Placental Abruption or Previa at Second Birth." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2, no. 1 (2010): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1054.
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ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the strength of association of cesarean delivery for first birth with placenta previa and placental abruption in second pregnancy. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Hospital based (Birth register)2004-2008. A total of 1638 pregnancies were available for the final analysis after excluding missing information. Methods Multiple logistic regressions were used to describe the relationship between cesarean section for first birth with placenta previa and placental abruption in second birth singletons. Main outcome measures Placenta previa and placental abruption Results Placenta previa was present in 10 per 1000 second-birth singletons whose first births delivered by cesarean section and 9 per 1000 second-birth singletons whose first births delivered vaginally. The corresponding figures for placental abruption were 5 per 1000 in the previous cesarean delivery group and 5 per 1000 in the previous vaginal delivery group. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of previous cesarean section for placenta previa in following second pregnancies was 1.10 (0.39 to 3.10) after adjusting for confounders including maternal age and interval between births. The corresponding figure for placental abruption was 1.0 (0.24 to 4.19). Conclusion Cesarean section for first birth is associated with 10% increased risk of placenta previa and no risk of placental abruption in second pregnancy with a singleton.
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Turitz, Amy, Michal Elovitz, Lisa Levine, and Stephanie Purisch. "The Effect of Prior Term Birth on Risk of Recurrent Spontaneous Preterm Birth." American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 04 (October 27, 2017): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607317.
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Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prior term birth on recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) risk. Study Design Retrospective cohort study of 211 women with prior sPTB, comparing women with and without prior term births. The primary outcome was recurrent sPTB <37 weeks. Analyses stratified by gestational age of prior sPTB and adjusted for confounders using multivariable logistic regression. Results The overall sPTB rate was 33.7%, with no statistical difference between women with and without prior term births (28.9 vs. 37.7%, p = 0.2). Among women with prior second-trimester loss (16–236/7 weeks), those with a term birth had a decreased sPTB rate (15.4 vs. 43.2%, p = 0.02), which persisted after adjusting for age and 17-α hydroxyprogesterone caproate use. For women with prior sPTB ≥24 weeks, there was no difference in sPTB with and without prior term births (29.5 vs. 26.6%, p = 0.7). A term birth as the most recent delivery lowered, but did not eliminate, the sPTB risk (19.1 vs. 36.4%, p = 0.1). Conclusion Prior term birth lowers the risk of recurrent sPTB for women with prior second-trimester loss, but not for women with prior sPTB ≥24 weeks. Women with prior preterm and term births should be counseled accordingly and all sPTB prevention strategies should be recommended.
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Rees, Jane M., Sally A. Lederman, and John L. Kiely. "Birth Weight Associated With Lowest Neonatal Mortality: Infants of Adolescent and Adult Mothers." Pediatrics 98, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.6.1161.
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Objective. We tested the hypothesis that survival is highest for infants born in the same weight range whether mothers are adolescent or adult, comparing the weights at which infants of these mothers achieve lowest neonatal mortality. Methods. The relationship between birth weight and neonatal mortality was studied in births to 16.4 million women using the National Center for Health Statistics 1983-1987 national linked birth/infant death data sets. Neonatal mortality rates were calculated for 500 g birth weight categories. Births for maternal ages ≤15 years, 16 years, and 17 to 18 years were compared with births to adults 19 to 34 years of age, whites and blacks considered separately. The birth weight categories associated with minimum neonatal mortality and the weight range corresponding with greatest survival were determined for each age and racial group. Results. Minimum neonatal mortality rates occurred at the same birth weights (3500 to 4499 g white and 3000 to 3999 g black) whether mothers of the infants were adolescents or adults. The most favorable range of birth weight, in which survival was greatest, commenced at 3000 g for all mothers, terminating at 3999 g for most black adolescents and black adults, 4499 g for most white adolescents, and 4999 g for white adults. Of infants born to mothers ≤16 years old, 33% were lighter and 1.5% were heavier than the favorable birth weight range. Conclusion. The birth weight categories with minimum neonatal mortality and the birth weight range in which neonatal survival was greatest were comparable for infants of adolescents and adults. Lower birth weights, occurring more frequently in births to teenage mothers, were associated with higher neonatal mortality. Assisting adolescent mothers to bear infants with birth weights in the range corresponding with low neonatal mortality is an appropriate goal of clinical management.
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Amongin, Dinah, Anna Kågesten, Özge Tunçalp, A. Nakimuli, Mary Nakafeero, Lynn Atuyambe, Claudia Hanson, and Lenka Benova. "Later life outcomes of women by adolescent birth history: analysis of the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e041545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041545.
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ObjectivesTo describe the long-term socioeconomic and reproductive health outcomes of women in Uganda by adolescent birth history.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingUganda.ParticipantsWomen aged 40–49 years at the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey.Outcome measuresWe compared socioeconomic and reproductive outcomes among those with first birth <18 years versus not. Among those with a first birth <18 years, we compared those with and without repeat adolescent births (another birth <20 years). We used two-sample test for proportions, linear regression and Poisson regression.FindingsAmong the 2814 women aged 40–49 years analysed, 36.2% reported a first birth <18 years and 85.9% of these had a repeat adolescent birth. Compared with women with no birth <18 years, those with first birth <18 years were less likely to have completed primary education (16.3% vs 32.2%, p<0.001), more likely to be illiterate (55.0% vs 44.0%, p<0.001), to report challenges seeking healthcare (67.6% vs 61.8%, p=0.002) and had higher mean number of births by age 40 years (6.6 vs 5.3, p<0.001). Among women married at time of survey, those with birth <18 years had older husbands (p<0.001) who also had lower educational attainment (p<0.001). Educational attainment, household wealth score, total number of births and under-5 mortality among women with one adolescent birth were similar, and sometimes better, than among those with no birth <18 years.ConclusionsResults suggest lifelong adverse socioeconomic and reproductive outcomes among women with adolescent birth, primarily in the category with repeat adolescent birth. While our results might be birth-cohort specific, they underscore the need to support adolescent mothers to have the same possibilities to develop their potentials, by supporting school continuation and prevention of further unwanted pregnancies.
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Goer, Henci. "My Story: The Transforming Power of Birth." Journal of Perinatal Education 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jpe-2022-0023.
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In this column Henci Goer shares the stories of her two births and how those births shaped her life’s work. With her first birth she believed that her caregivers knew better than she what was right for her. During the birth she was ignored. She was left feeling distressed and diminished. Her second birth was dramatically different. She was an active participant, listened to, respected and part of decision-making. She highlights that no matter how difficult the birth, whether things go as planned or not, the joy, the pride, the satisfaction with birth comes with being listened to, respected, and part of decision-making. This birth story is an excerpt from Henci Goer’s recent publication, Labor Pain: What’s Your Best Strategy? (2022).
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Babiker, M. O. E., and S. R. Mordekar. "P20.12 Cerebral palsy: birth, before birth or after birth?" European Journal of Paediatric Neurology 15 (May 2011): S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-3798(11)70400-7.
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