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Din, Shahabud, Aiman Moeen, Ihsan Ullah, and Niaz Mohammad. "BIRTH WEIGHT." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 05 (May 10, 2018): 714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.05.314.
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Objectives: To evaluate the birth weight in infants born to diabetic mothersand to compare it with those born to nondiabetic mothers. Study Design: Descriptive crosssectional study. Setting: Gynae and obstetrics unit Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar inassociation with Anatomy Department Khyber Girls Medical College Peshawar. Period: January2015 to June 2015. Material and Methods: This study was carried out on babies born todiabetic as well as non-diabetic healthy mothers. A total number of 100 diabetic mothers and100 nondiabetic healthy mothers were selected for this study. After delivery, the weight andsex of the babies born to diabetic as well as nondiabetic mothers along with the motherfs agewere noted on an observation sheet. The studentfs t test was applied for all quantitative data.A p-value of . 0.05 was taken significant. Results: The mean birth weight of female babiesborn to diabetic mothers was significantly greater than babies of nondiabetic mothers (p=0.05). No significant difference (p=0.11) was noted when the birth weight of all babies bornto diabetic mothers was compared to all babies born to nondiabetic mothers. No significantdifference (p= 0.51) was noted in babies belonging to younger nondiabetic and diabeticmothers but a significant difference (p=0.01) was noted when birth weight of babies from oldernondiabetic mothers was compared with birth weight of babies from older diabetic mothers.Conclusion: The birth weight of female babies born to diabetic mothers was significantly moreas compared to babies born to nondiabetic mothers. A significant difference was also notedwhen birth weight of babies from older diabetic mothers was compared with the babies of oldernondiabetic mothers. This larger weight of babies may be due to maternal diabetes which mayaffect the normal development of fetus leading to an increased morbidity and mortality in babiesas well as mothers.
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ZAIDI, KASHIF ABBAS, NIGHAT AIJAZ, and NASR-UL HUDA. "LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 02 (February 7, 2013): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.02.633.
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Objective: To determine the spectrum of problems in LBW neonates at Secondary care level and their immediate outcome.Design: Descriptive Study. Place & Duration of Study: Agha Khan Hospital for Women and Children, Kareemabad and Agha KhanHospital for Women and Children , Kharadar, from January 2009 till December 2009. Results & Conclusions: Of the 4500 babies born inAgha Khan secondary hospitals, 429 were Low Birth Weight and 191 were admitted to the nursery. The ratio of males to females was0.86:1.0 (199 males and 230 females). Approximately 41% of the babies were less than 2 kgs and Preterm babies made up 20.9 % oftotal low birth weight. Of the 191 babies, 99 (51.8%) had hyperbilirubinemia ; 16(8.3%) had respiratory distress syndrome of thenewborn; 16(8.3%) had vomiting and they were observed for necrotizing enterocolitis; 21(10.9%) had presumed sepsis; 12 (6.2%) hadhypocalcemia; 11(5.7%) had hypoglycemia 08 (4.1%) had Meconium Aspiration Syndrome;; 05 (2.4%) had thrombocytopenia; and 02(1.04%) had hyperviscosity with hematocrit of more than 65%. Common causes of morbidity in LBW babies are jaundice, sepsis,Respiratory distress, hypoglycemia and hypothermia. Introduction of standard management guidelines aid in reduction of morbidity. Withcareful selection of cases and predetermined criteria for transfer to the tertiary level nursery, it is possible to care for a vast majority of thenewborns in nurseries at secondary level .
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Mehmood, Brig® Khalid, Ijaz Ali, and Syed Hyder Raza. "LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 08 (August 8, 2017): 1176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.08.1003.
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Objectives: To determine the proportion of LBW Babies among those deliveredat DHQ Hospital Mirpur. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: DHQ hospitalMirpur AJK. Duration of study: January 2013-May 2013. Sample size: 459 deliveries. Studypopulation: women reporting in Peads OPD of DHQ hospital Mirpur AJ&K with their babiesduring study period. Sampling technique: Convenience method. Data collection tool: Datacollection Performa. Data analysis: SPSS version 14.0.Results: Out of 459 deliveriesconducted at Divisional Head Quarter hospital Mirpur, 149 cases of low birth weight babies(<2500gms) whereas the rest 310 had normal birth weight. Frequency of Low Birth Weight inmale new born babies was high, i.e ratio of male babies were 55% (82) out of 149 individualswhile females were 45% (67). Less than 37 weeks of gestational age, 37% (55) were pretermbabies and 37 – 42 weeks of gestational age, 63% (94) were full term babies.
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Doyle, Rodger. "Low-Birth-Weight Babies." Scientific American 274, no. 4 (April 1996): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0496-24.
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Mokuolu, Olugbenga A., Omotayo O. Adesiyun, Mohammed B. Suleiman, and Mustapha Bello. "Intrauterine growth standards: a cross-sectional study in a population of Nigerian newborns." Pediatric Reports 4, no. 3 (September 28, 2012): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/pr.2012.e29.
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The aim of the study was to define an intrauterine growth curve for a population of Nigerian newborn babies. A cross-sectional observational study design was adopted. Weight, length and head circumference were all measured in consecutive singleton deliveries at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital over a 3-year period. Gestational age (GA) of the babies was estimated from the last menstrual period or first trimester ultrasound. The estimates obtained were clinically validated using the Ballard score. Mean birth weights and percentiles of the weight, length and head circumferences for the respective GA were estimated using the SPSS 15 software package. A total of 5273 babies were recruited for the study with GA ranging from 25-44 weeks. Comparison of the mean birth weights of the various GA with the data from Denver, Colorado, showed that Nigerian babes tended to weigh less at the early GA, although these differences were not statistically significant. Between 26-36 weeks, the average weights of both sexes were similar; however, beyond this time point there was a consistent increase in the average weight of the males over the female babies. Growth curves for Nigerian newborn babies were generated and showed that the mean birth weight of Nigerian preterm babies was lighter than that of babies in Colorado. The impact of these differences on the classification of newborns will require further evaluation.
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Ahmadu, BU, IH Abubakar, A. Halima, A. Ruqayya, and GM Suleiman. "Concern About the Association Between Sex and Birth Weight of Babies: A Cross-Sectional Randomized Finding From a Nigerian Hospital." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 33, no. 1 (June 14, 2013): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i1.7090.
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Introduction: Sexual antagonism is seen particularly where maternally and paternally derived alleles battle over fetal growth, which may result in sex differences regarding birth weight of babies. We examined the association between sex and birth weight of babies in the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: One hundred babies selected by systematic random sampling had their birth weights determined using bassinet weighing scale. Likelihood ratio chi-square test of association was used to investigate the relationship between sex and birth weight. Results: A total of 100 babies participated in this study. There were 53 (53.0 %) males and 47 (47.0 %) females giving a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Majority of the babies 82 (82.0 %) had normal birth weight (2500 – 3900 g). The mean (SD) birth weight for male and female babies were 313 (62), 95 CI (296 – 330 g), and 290 (055), 95 CI (275 – 307 g) respectively. The overall mean (SD) birth weight of the babies was 302 (0.59), 95 CI (291 – 314 g). Association between birth weight and sex of the babies was found to be significant (χ2 = 9.317, p = 0.025). Conclusion: Birth weight was significantly associated with sex: males had higher birth weights than females. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i1.7090 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013;33(1):21-24.
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RAGHURAMAN, TS. "EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 56, no. 3 (July 2000): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30199-5.
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KANITKAR, M. "EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 55, no. 4 (October 1999): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30377-5.
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Jin, Jill. "Babies With Low Birth Weight." JAMA 313, no. 4 (January 27, 2015): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.3698.
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Student. "IATROGENIC EPIDEMIC OF VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES?" Pediatrics 83, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): A30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.83.4.a30.
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In England and Wales the number of liveborn low birthweight babies (less than 2500 gm) progressively rose by 16% between 1981 and 1986. One factor, but not the only one, contributing towards the increased number of live births of extremely small babies is a more vigorous policy towards resuscitation at birth of babies who, before the era of intensive care might have been classed as miscarriages or abortions, even though they showed signs of life at birth.
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Pabbati, Jayalakshmi, Preethi Subramanian, and Mahesh Renikuntla. "Morbidity and mortality of low birth weight babies in early neonatal period in a rural area teaching hospital, Telangana, India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 4 (June 27, 2019): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192759.
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Background: A baby’s weight at birth is a strong indicator of newborn health and nutrition. Low birth weight (LBW) babies are more susceptible to morbidities and mortality in early neonatal period than normal birth weight (NBW) babies. Among neonatal deaths, 80% occurs in LBW / preterm babies and 75% of total neonatal deaths occur in early neonatal period. The present study was undertaken to know the incidence and early neonatal outcome of LBW babies in rural area.Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted in babies born with <2.5 kg (LBW) birth weight.Results: The incidence of LBW babies was 25.07% with almost an equal contribution from preterm (50.46%) and Term Intra Uterine Growth Restricted (IUGR) (49.53%) babies. The most common morbidity found in LBW babies was Jaundice (40.09%) followed by respiratory distress (18.16%), sepsis (8.72%) and apnea (4.48%). Preterm-LBW babies had more morbidities in terms of apnea (100%), birth asphyxia (88.88%), respiratory distress (87.01%%), sepsis (80.55%) and jaundice (67.64%). Early neonatal mortality was 21.22 per 1000 live births. Mortality was 100% for babies <1 kg in birth weight, 16% in 1-1.499 kg group and 0.75% in 1.5-2.499 kg group in early neonatal period. According to gestational age, mortality in preterm-LBW babies was 88.88% and 11.11% in Term IUGR-LBW babies. The most common cause of death in LBW babies was birth asphyxia (44.44%) followed by hyaline membrane disease (HMD) (33.33%).Conclusions: The present study revealed that preterm babies contributed 50% to incidence of LBW babies. Morbidity and mortality in LBW babies were inversely related to birth weight and gestational age.
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Azhar, Bably Sabina, Md Monirujjaman, Kazi Saiful Islam, Sadia Afrin, and Md Sabir Hossain. "Sex, Conception Interval, Gestational Age, Apgar Score, and Anthropometric Surrogates in relation to Birth Weight of Bangladeshi Newborns: A Cross-Sectional Study." ISRN Public Health 2013 (May 8, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/405725.
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In developing countries, where about 75% of births occur at home or in the community, logistic problems prevent the weighing of every newborn child. Baby born with a weight less than 2,500 g is considered low birth weight, since below this value birth-specific infant mortality begins to rise rapidly. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of low birth weight is unacceptably high. Infant's sex differences, birth to conception interval, gestational age, and Apgar score are associated with infant birth weight. To screen low-birth-weight babies, simple anthropometric parameters can be used in rural areas where 80–90% of deliveries take place. A sample of 343 newborn singletons, 186 male and 157 female babies, were studied in Southwest region of Bangladesh to examine the birth weight status of newborns and to identify the relationship between birth weight and other anthropometric parameters of newborns. The mean birth weight was 2754.81±465.57 g, and 28.6% were low-birth-weight (<2,500 g) babies. All key anthropometric parameters of the newborns significantly correlated with infant birth weight (P=0.05). Mid upper arm circumference and chest circumference were identified as the optimal surrogate indicators of LBW babies. In the community where weighing of newborns is difficult, these measurements can be used to identify the LBW babies.
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Talab, Sahar, and Sarab Jasim. "Impact Of Maternal Factors on Birth weight In Salah- Aldeen general Hospital/Tikrit City." Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences 05, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjps.05.01.p1.
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Birth weight is a crucial determinant of the developmental potential of the newborn. Birth weight is the body weight of a baby at its birth. The range of normal is between 2.5 and 4.5 kilograms (5.5 and 9.9 lb). On average, babies of south Asian and Chinese heritage weigh about 3.26 kilograms (7.2 lb). Abnormal newborn weights are associated with negative effects on the health and survival of the baby and the mother. World Health Organization has defined low birth weight as birth weight less than 2,500 grams. Giving birth to a low-birth-weight infant is influenced by several factors. This study aimed to identify key determinants that influence the frequency of normal and low birth weight in Salah Al-Deen general Hospital in Tikrit city-Iraq. This study is a Cross- sectional study, was conducted in obstetric department in Salah Al-Deen general hospital during the period from 1st Feb to the 31st of August 2020. The study sample included full term babies (gestational age 37-42 week) chosen by using a convenient sampling method selecting 197 delivered babies with their mothers. Data collection done by face-to-face interview, using the structured questionnaire developed by the researcher include the following information: Information regarding the mother included demographic variables, reproductive health, medical and obstetrical history and antenatal care visits, use of ferrous sulfate and other supplements during pregnancy. Birth weight was measured at birth, to the nearest 50 g, with the nude infant lying on the available scale. Zero adjustment of the scale was frequently done to ensure accuracy of the readings. Birth weight was categorized into two as low birth weight (birth weight < 2500 grams), and normal birth weight (birth weight ≥ 2500 grams). The current study showed that prevalence of low birth weight was (2.4%), macrosomia (15.6%) and normal birth weight was (82%). The study showed that the low birth weight was higher among primigravida (3.4%), than multigravida women (1.7%) and that the low birth weight was higher among 1st and 2nd birth order (3.4%), (6.7%) respectively while it was (0%) among the 3rd baby order. Previous history of Diabetes Mellitus was associated with 0(0%) low birth weight babies and (2.6%) of those women without Diabetes Mellitus had low birth weight babies. Those with history of iron deficiency anemia was more prone to had babies with low birth weight (3.1%), versus those without history of iron deficiency anemia (1.3%). Those with history of hypertension more prone to had babies with low birth weight (4%), versus those without history of iron deficiency anemia (2.2%). The current study showed that those with ferrous sulfate supplements had lower proportion of babies with low birth weight (1.2%), versus those without supplements (7.7%), this relation statistically significant. This study has demonstrated that the younger maternal age, mother with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and irregular antenatal care had babies with lower birth weight. Previous history of low birth weight also is a predisposing factor for low birth weight.
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Tripathy, Saroj Kumar, Kripasindhu Chatterjee, and Narendra Behera. "Mortality and morbidity of very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight babies in neonatal period." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190704.
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Background: Preterm birth is one of the major clinical problems in neonatology as it is commonly associated with perinatal mortality, serious neonatal morbidity and in some cases, it leads to childhood disability. The objective of this study was to find out the outcomes of VLBW and ELBW babies in the form of mortality and morbidity in neonatal period.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in SNCU, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha between 2011 to 2013. All babies with birth weight less than 1500gm, admitted between days 1 to day 7 of life were enrolled in the study. Babies were broadly divided in to two groups i.e.VLBW group (weight 1000-1499gm) and ELBW group (weight<1000gm). Details of antenatal history, sociodemographic profile and birth history including significant events were noted. Outcome measures included were death, cured and with sequelae.Results: Total number of babies enrolled in this study were two hundred twelve (n=212) and following observations were made. Mortality of ELBW babies was 61.11% and that of VLBW babies was 26.41%. Death rate in babies with weight range 500-749gm, 750-999gm, 1000-1249gm and 125-1499gm was 87.50%, 53.57%, 30.76% and 20.97% respectively. It was found that morbidities such as RDS, HIE, shock and hypoglycemia are significantly higher in ELBW babies as compared to VLBW babies.Conclusions: Extremely low birth weight babies have shown high mortality and morbidity compared to very low birth weight babies and its related death multiply when associated with complications like hyaline membrane disease, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and sepsis.
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Hazel, Elizabeth A., Luke C. Mullany, Scott L. Zeger, Diwakar Mohan, Seema Subedi, James M. Tielsch, Subarna K. Khatry, and Joanne Katz. "Development of an imputation model to recalibrate birth weights measured in the early neonatal period to time at delivery and assessment of its impact on size-for-gestational age and low birthweight prevalence estimates: a secondary analysis of a pregnancy cohort in rural Nepal." BMJ Open 12, no. 7 (July 2022): e060105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060105.
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ObjectivesIn low-income countries, birth weights for home deliveries are often measured at the nadir when babies may lose up of 10% of their birth weight, biasing estimates of small-for-gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight (LBW). We aimed to develop an imputation model that predicts the ‘true’ birth weight at time of delivery.DesignWe developed and applied a model that recalibrates weights measured in the early neonatal period to time=0 at delivery and uses those recalibrated birth weights to impute missing birth weights.SettingThis is a secondary analysis of pregnancy cohort data from two studies in Sarlahi district, Nepal.ParticipantsThe participants are 457 babies with daily weights measured in the first 10 days of life from a subsample of a larger clinical trial on chlorhexidine (CHX) neonatal skin cleansing and 31 116 babies followed through the neonatal period to test the impact of neonatal massage oil type (Nepal Oil Massage Study (NOMS)).Outcome measuresWe developed an empirical Bayes model of early neonatal weight change using CHX trial longitudinal data and applied it to the NOMS dataset to recalibrate and then impute birth weight at delivery. The outcomes are size-for-gestational age and LBW.ResultsWhen using the imputed birth weights, the proportion of SGA is reduced from 49% (95% CI: 48% to 49%) to 44% (95% CI: 43% to 44%). Low birth weight is reduced from 30% (95% CI: 30% to 31%) to 27% (95% CI: 26% to 27%). The proportion of babies born large-for-gestational age increased from 4% (95% CI: 4% to 4%) to 5% (95% CI: 5% to 5%).ConclusionsUsing weights measured around the nadir overestimates the prevalence of SGA and LBW. Studies in low-income settings with high levels of home births should consider a similar recalibration and imputation model to generate more accurate population estimates of small and vulnerable newborns.
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WEGMAN, MYRON E. "Low Birth Weight, Vital Records, and Infant Mortality." Pediatrics 78, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 1143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.78.6.1143.
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About one tenth of all infant deaths occur in babies weighing less than 500 g at birth, almost all of whom die very shortly thereafter. In 1983, when the United States reported 3,638,933 live births, 4,368 of them were less than 500 g; that year there were 26,507 neonatal deaths. This means that slightly more than 0.1% of all live births contributed to 17% of neonatal mortality. Given this order of magnitude, any change in the numbers relating to these tiny babies can have a disproportionate influence on reported infant mortality and on interstate comparisons. Two questions promptly arise. How accurate and meaningful are the data regarding babies born weighing less than 500 g? What can be done to decrease the deaths in this category? Wilson et al1 call attention to how the number of very low birth weight infants reported by a state may be affected by the state's definition of a live birth.
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Idowu, Joel-Medewase Victor, Aworinde Olufemi Opeyemi, Bello-Zion Olukayode Samuel, and Alabi Ayobami Oyetunji. "Determinants of Birth Weight in Southwestern Nigeria." Journal of Medical Research 5, no. 2 (May 26, 2019): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2019.5209.
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Background: Birth weight is an important predictor of an infant’s survival and subsequent wellbeing and the likelihood of developing childhood diseases. It is influenced by various maternal and foetal factors affecting the delivery. This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the delivery of low birth weight (LBW) babies in an urban population in Nigeria. Methodology: The study was carried out at Our Lady of Apostle Catholic Hospital, Oluyoro, Ibadan. The birth register and antenatal case files and records of 3013 booked patients with singleton live births between January 2013 and December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Socio-demographic and obstetric data were studied using SPSS version 22. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institution’s Ethical Review Committee. The results were presented in numbers, percentages, frequency tables and charts and the findings were tested for significance using ANOVA. Student t-test was used to treat continuous variables. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the potential predictors of birth weight. Results: A total of 3013 singleton deliveries – 1570 (52.1%) males and 1443 (47.9%) females were studied. Presentation was cephalic in the majority – 2821 (93.5%) babies and caesarean section (CS) rate was (41%). There were 234 (7.8%) LBW and 305 (10.1%) macrosomic babies. The maternal ages ranged from sixteen to forty-four years with a mean age of 30.86 ± 4.793 years. The maternal modal age range was 20 to 29 years – 1493 (49.6%) mothers. The mean ± SD maternal age was 30.86 ± 4.793 years. Nulliparity was the mode 32.2% mothers. Most of the mothers 1881 (62.4%) were in the upper social classes. On univariate analysis, maternal age, parity, gestational age at delivery and sex were found to be statistically significant in between groups in determining birth weight. The birth weight was found to increase with parity until the fifth parous experience when it began to decline. The mean birth weight was also found to be higher in male babies than females. On multiple regression, the four factors above retained their association with birth weight. Conclusion: It was concluded that maternal and foetal factors influenced the birth weights of the babies. These factors were the ages and parities of the mothers as well as the sexes and lengths of gestation of the babies. These factors were also good predictors of foetal weight. It is necessary to develop proactive measures to reduce the prevalence of LBW babies.
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Muthayya, S., P. Dwarkanath, T. Thomas, M. Vaz, A. Mhaskar, R. Mhaskar, A. Thomas, S. Bhat, and AV Kurpad. "Anthropometry and body composition of south Indian babies at birth." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 7 (October 2006): 896–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/phn2006943.
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AbstractObjectivesTo assess the consequences on body composition of increasing birth weight in Indian babies in relation to reported values in Western babies, and to assess the relationship between maternal and neonatal anthropometry and body composition.DesignProspective observational study.SettingBangalore City, India.SubjectsA total of 712 women were recruited at 12.5±3.1 weeks of gestation (mean±standard deviation, SD) and followed up until delivery; 14.5% were lost to follow-up. Maternal body weight, height, mid upper-arm circumference and skinfold thicknesses were measured at recruitment. Weight and body composition of the baby (skinfold thicknesses, mid upper-arm circumference, derived arm fat index and arm muscle index; AFI and AMI, respectively) were measured at birth in hospital.ResultsThe mean±SD birth weight of all newborns was 2.80±0.44 kg. Birth weight was significantly related to the triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness of the baby. In a small number of babies with large birth weight for gestational age, there was a relatively higher normalised AFI relative to AMI than for babies with lower or appropriate birth weight for gestational age. Maternal height and fat-free mass were significantly associated with the baby's length at birth.ConclusionsSkinfold thicknesses in Indian babies were similar to those reported in a Western population with comparable birth weights, and the relationship of AFI to birth weight appeared to be steeper in Indian babies. Thus, measures to increase birth weight in Indian babies should take into account possible adverse consequences on body composition. There were no significant relationships between maternal anthropometry and body composition at birth on multivariate analysis, except for sum of the baby's skinfold thicknesses and maternal fat-free mass (P<0.02).
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Nessa, Zebun, Iffat Zaman, Menoka Ferdous, Sumana Rahman, and Debalina Das. "Low Birth Weight Babies Born to Mothers Admitted to Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 10, no. 1 (November 22, 2018): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v10i1.38898.
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Background: World health organization estimates that 25 million low birth weight (LBW) babies are born annually worldwide and 95% occur in developing countries. Low birth weight is a major public health problem of Bangladesh. So an attempt was made to study the incidence of low birth weight (<2.5kg) and also the associated risk factors of low birth weight among the new born babies born to Dhaka Medical College Hospital.Aims: To determine the Prevalence of low weight among the babies born and to determine the relationship of low birth weight with maternal factor like maternal weight, height, gestational period, antenatal checkup, heavy physical work during pregnancy, hypertension, age of the mother and parity, in Obs. & Gynae Department, DMCH.Method: This descriptive cross sectional study was done in Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Five hundred (500) samples were selected for the study. The study was done from 1st January 2006 to 31 December 2006. Data processing and questionnaire are processed manually using scientific calculator and by computer using SPSS programmers version-16. All abortions, still born, gross congenital abnormalities were excluded from this study. The cut off point used for low birth weight is 2.5 kg.Results: A total of 500 women were interviewed. The incidence of low birth were found 21.6%. Younger than 20 yrs (31.25%) and more than 40 years (35.71%) mother delivered more low birth weight babies. The primigravida and multigravida (>4 parity) showed more low birth weight babies. Women from low socioeconomic condition produced significantly larger number of low birth weight babies as well as short stature. Low maternal height, less educated, illiterate, manual worker mother delivered more low birth weight babies. Preterm birth comprises larger number of low birth weight (LBW 35%). Low height of new born babies also associated with low birth weight. Female babies were higher than the male babies. Preterm babies were lighter (LBW) than the full term babies.Conclusion: The study finds out the incidence of low birth babies, the figure close to the developing countries. The study revealed that maternal age, gestational age, parity, socioeconomic status, maternal weight and disease condition have strong relations with birth weight of babies. Occupation and antenatal check up also affects birth weight of babies.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2018, Vol.10(1); 16-22
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Yu, Joanna, Christopher Flatley, Ristan M. Greer, and Sailesh Kumar. "Birth-weight centiles and the risk of serious adverse neonatal outcomes at term." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 46, no. 9 (November 27, 2018): 1048–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2017-0176.
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Abstract Background: Birth-weight is an important determinant of perinatal outcome with low birth-weight being a particular risk factor for adverse consequences. Aim: To investigate the impact of neonatal sex, mode of birth and gestational age at birth according to birth-weight centile on serious adverse neonatal outcomes in singleton term pregnancies. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton term births at the Mater Mother’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Serious adverse neonatal outcome was defined as a composite of severe acidosis at birth (pH ≤7.0 and/or lactate ≥6 mmol/L and/or base excess ≤−12 mmol/L), Apgar <3 at 5 min, neonatal intensive-care unit admission and antepartum or neonatal death. The main exposure variable was birth-weight centile. Results: Of the 69,210 babies in our study, the overall proportion of serious adverse neonatal outcomes was 9.1% (6327/69,210). Overall, neonates in the <3rd birth-weight centile category had the highest adjusted odds ratio (OR) for serious adverse neonatal outcomes [OR 3.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.06–4.07], whilst those in the ≥97th centile group also had elevated odds (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.30–1.75). Regardless of birth modality, smaller babies in the <3rd centile group had the highest adjusted OR and predicted probability for serious adverse neonatal outcomes. When stratified by sex, male babies consistently demonstrated a higher predicted probability of serious adverse neonatal outcomes across all birth-weight centiles. The adjusted odds, when stratified by gestational age at birth, were the highest from 37+0 to 38+6 weeks in the <3rd centile group (OR 5.97, 95% CI 4.60–7.75). Conclusions: Low and high birth-weights are risk factors for serious adverse neonatal outcomes. The adjusted OR appears to be greatest for babies in the <3rd birth-weight centile group, although an elevated risk was also found in babies within the ≥97th centile category.
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P., Chandrakala, Mohan Kumar N., Vinutha Patil, and Rahamuth Nisha. "Effect of maternal weight gain during pregnancy and gestational hypertension on birth weight of the baby." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 9, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20220450.
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Background: Birth weight is not only an indicator of child growth and development but also valuable indicator of maternal health, nutrition and quality of life. Many maternal factors have been postulated to determine the birth weight of the baby like maternal age, weight, height, education, parity, antenatal care, maternal habits like smoking, sex of the baby and maternal comorbidities like hypertension.Methods: This study was conducted in Kempegowda institute of medical sciences Bangalore during the period of December 2019 to June 2021.All babies born with weight <2.5 kg weight were included in the study irrespective of gestational age. Mothers were divided into 3 categories based on weight gained during pregnancy into less than 10 kg, 10 to 15 kg and more than 15 kg weight gain. Low birth weight babies included in the study were categorized based on weight gain of the mother and presence of various maternal comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, anemia, hypothyroidism.Results: Analysis showed that among 150 low birth weight babies 110 babies were born to mothers with weight gain less than 10 kg (73.3%), 37 (24.7%) babies were born to mothers with weight gain 10-15 kg and 3 (2%) babies were born to mothers with weight gain more than 15 kg. We also found that among all mothers of low-birth-weight babies 33.7% mothers did not have any comorbidities and gestational hypertension was found in 20.7% of mothers showing it as important risk factor for low-birth-weight babies.Conclusions: Our study shows adequate maternal weight gain during pregnancy independently influences birth weight of the baby. Thus, mother’s nutritional care should be appropriate to maintain adequate weight gain. Among all maternal comorbidities gestational hypertension is a major risk factor for low-birth-weight babies.
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Sain, Sonali, Prianka Mukhopadhyay, Tushar Kanti Saha, Amitabha Chattopadhyay, Indira Dey, and Nirmal Kumar Mandal. "Effect of Maternal Factors on Low Birth Weight Baby in a Medical College of Kolkata." Journal of Comprehensive Health 2, no. 2 (October 24, 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v02i02.006.
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Background: Low birth weight is a major determinant of mortality, morbidity and disability in infancy and childhood and also has a long-term impact on health outcomes in adult life. Objectives: The present study was undertaken with the objectives of assessment of occurrence of low birth weight babies delivered in NRS Medical College & Hospital and to find out the role of different sociodemographic and pregnancy related factors influencing low birth weight. Method: A descriptive, observational study was conducted in the postnatal ward of the Hospital. All mothers who delivered during the study period were interviewed and relevant record was reviewed. Results: 38% of the babies had low birth weight. Proportion of teenage mothers were higher in case of low birth weight babies compared to the mothers of normal birth weight babies ( 27.7% Vs 17% ). 72.3% of the LBW babies were from family with per capita income < Rs 3000/- compared to 37.7% normal birth weight babies. 67.7% of mothers of low birth weight babies had last child birth within 3years compared to 33% of normal babies. 10.7% of the mothers of LBW babies had <3 ANC visits compared to 1.8% in other group. 22.6% of the mothers consumed <100 Folifer tablets and 23.1% smoked tobacco during the antenatal period who delivered LBW babies compared to 1.8% and 2.8% respectively in their counterparts. Conclusion: Magnitude of low birth weight is still high and various unfavourable socio-demographic, antenatal and obstetric factors increased the risk of delivering low birth weight baby.
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COSTA, DORA L. "Race and Pregnancy Outcomes in the Twentieth Century: A Long-Term Comparison." Journal of Economic History 64, no. 4 (December 2004): 1056–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050704043086.
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Untreated syphilis explained one-third of the higher prematurity rates of black relative to white babies born at Johns Hopkins in the early twentieth century. Differences in prematurity rates explained 41 percent of the black-white stillbirth gap and one-quarter of the black-white birth weight gap. Black babies had lower mortality and higher weight gain than white babies during the first ten days of life spent in the hospital because of higher black breast-feeding rates. Historically low birth weights may have a long reach: in 1988 maternal birth weight accounted for 5–8 percent of the gap in black-white birth weights.
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L.T., Adeosun, and Amosu A.M. "Maternal Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight Babies Delivered in Selected Primary Health Care Centres in Abuja Municipal Area Council, FCT, Nigeria." African Journal of Health, Nursing and Midwifery 4, no. 3 (June 20, 2021): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-izvheflx.
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Introduction: Globally, low birth weight remains a public health challenge and is a major risk factor for infant mortality. Therefore, this study investigated the factors associated with low birth weight babies delivered in health facilities within Abuja, Nigeria. Methodology: Secondary data from January 2017 to December 2020 was extracted from 330 delivery records in ten (10) Primary Health Care centres to assess the determinants of low birth weight babies born in Abuja. Findings: The results showed that the mean age of mothers was 27.8 ± 5.1. Majority of the mothers (93.6%) were between 16 and 35 years of age, 93.6% were married, 67% were Christians, 23.3% had no formal education, 31.5% were housewives and 75.8% lived in rural communities. The mean birth weight of babies was 3.05 ± 0.55 kg and 20.3% of the babies had low birth weight compared to 79.7% with normal weights at birth. Maternal age, p=0.02; marital status, p=0.02; religion, p=001; occupation, p=0.001; and weight, p=0.000 were found to be significantly associated with having LBW babies. Maternal obstetric characteristics such as birth spacing, p=0.00; haematocrit level, p=0.001; pregnancy termination, p=0.001; and medical conditions, p=0.00 were also significantly associated with birth weight. Conclusion: The study reported a high prevalence of low birth weight; it also revealed the protective effects of being married on LBW. However, being a housewife significantly increased the risk for having a low birth weight baby.
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Apoorva, M. Sheeba, Vimala Thomas, and B. Kiranmai. "A cross sectional study on socio-demographic and maternal factors associated with low birth weight babies among institutional deliveries in a tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 4901. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184592.
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Background: Birth weight is an important indicator of new born growth, survival and psychosocial development. Globally, more than 20 million are born with low birth weight (LBW) and the prevalence of low birth weight in India is 20%. The study was conducted to find the proportion of low birth weight and the factors influencing the weight of the baby.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Gandhi hospital, Telangana from September to November, 2015 using a semi structured questionnaire among 204 postnatal mothers.Results: Out of 204 live births, 26% were found to be low birth weight. About 44.4% LBW babies are born to teenage mothers and 70% among the mothers with height less than 140 cms. Of the pre-term babies, nearly half of the babies (49.3%) were low birth weight. Around 30.3% of LBW was found with an inter-pregnancy interval of <2 years. About 41.2% of the mothers having complications had low birth weight babies.Conclusions: Nearly one fourth of the newborns were low birth weight. Gender of the child, socioeconomic status, education, gestational age, inter pregnancy interval, medical complications were found to affect the birth weight.
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Chattopadhyay, Tapan Kumar, and Hirak Jyoti Raj. "Variations in bacterial pathogens causing early onset neonatal septicaemia, according to birth weights - a 5 year study in a referral hospital of West- Bengal." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 4, no. 2 (June 3, 2012): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2.10823.
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Bacterial sepsis continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. The features of sepsis being non- specific, a high index of suspicion can only save a precious life. Pathogens of early onset septicaemia may vary, from one country to another and within a country from one place to the other. This study had been undertaken t o understand the variations in the pathogens of early onset neonatal septicaemia according to birth weights ,their susceptibility patterns to commonly used antibiotics in this age of emerging resistance and to utilise this data for better empirical treatment of this potentially fatal conditions. Blood samples from 255 babies belonging to various birth weights and of both sexes with definitive inclusion and exclusion criteria were processeed according to standard laboratory protocols during a five year period, from February 2005-2010, in a rural referral hospital of West Bengal. Culture positivity was found in 63/255 samples (24.70%), comprising of Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.74%) and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (31.74%) as predominant isolates. Male: female ratio was 1.25:1. The susceptibility pattern of isolates has been discussed. It is observed that bacteriology of early onset neonatal septicaemia varies according to birth weights. In very low birth weight babies Eshcherichia coli is the predominant organism and culture positivity is highest (87.5%). Where as culture postivity in low birth weight and normal weight babies with sepsis are 32.89% and 29.26% respectively.In low birth weight babies Staphylococcus aureus and in normal weight babies Klebsiella pneumoniae are the predominant organisms. Birth weight of babies and development of neonatal sepsis are significantly associated x2= 7.174, p<0.03. Male babies are more susceptible to develop neonatal sepsis.For initial therapy of early onset neonatal septicemia, Amikacin is the best choice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2.10823
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Lennon, Roisin. "To weigh or not to weigh in pregnancy: a retrospective study." British Journal of Midwifery 30, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2022.30.11.608.
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Introduction A rise in the number of caesarean sections and the rate of birth weight over 4kg prompted an advanced midwife practitioner service to introduce routine weighing for all service users and target weight gain based on Institute of Medicine guidelines. The study's aims were to ascertain if maintaining weight gain reduced pre-eclampsia, caesarean section births, birth weight over 4kg and neonatal intensive care unit admissions. Methods A retrospective study of weight gain and outcomes for 53 pre- and 46 post-routine weighing service users was conducted. Results Over a third (40%) of participants gained excess weight, with a 22% caesarean section rate and 22% of babies weighed over 4kg at birth. There was an overall 6% reduction in caesarean section births and a 22% reduction in babies weighing over 4kg. Conclusions Routine weighing and health promotion techniques have the potential to maximise health and wellbeing and could be a long-term investment in the health and wellbeing of mothers and babies.
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Mugada, Vinodkumar, Raj Kiran Kolakota, Abhilasha Sakalabathula, and Bindu Pavani Kola. "Comparison of risk factors for low birth weight among mothers with normal and low birth weight babies." Medical Science Pulse 14, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1546.
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Background: Low birth weight is an alarming problem in developing countries and has severe future complications. Aim of the study: Our study aimed to compare the risk factors among mothers with low and normal birth weight babies. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 1000 mothers with normal and low birth weight babies (500 per group) over two years. Maternal parameters including age, hemoglobin levels, gravida, maternal weight gain, height, pregnancy-induced hypertension, etc., were collected along with anthropometric data of the child. We compared risk factors among the low and normal birth weight babies using the chi-square test, determining statistical significance at p<0.05, and high statistical significance at p<0.01. Results: Highly statistically significant associations were observed between low birth weight and seven variables: maternal age (p=0.0074), maternal height (p<0.0001), weight (p<0.0001), weight gain (p<0.0001), hemoglobin (p<0.0001), severe anemia (p<0.0001), and pregnancy-induced hypertension (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Our study observed significant modifiable risk factors like weight gain, weight, hemoglobin, and anemia among mothers with low birth weight babies. If we focus on raising awareness surrounding these risk factors, there may be an improvement in the birth weight of babies in this population.
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Digole, Dnyaneshwar, A. S. Nagaonkar, and Anant A. Takalkar. "Low birth weight and its sociodemographic correlates: a descriptive study from medical college hospital, Maharashtra." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 2851. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192582.
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Background: Low birth weight is one of the most serious challenges in maternal and child health in both developed and developing countries. According to a UNICEF report about 28 per cent of babies born in India are low birth weight. Present hospital based study was undertaken to estimate the proportion of babies with low birth weight.Methods: The present hospital based descriptive study was conducted at Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural Govt. Medical College and Hospital. The data collection was done during 1st March 2012 to 28th February 2013. All deliveries occurring on alternate days were included in the study which comes to, 1154 deliveries.Results: Out of total 1154 live full term new borns; 279 (24.18%) were low birth weight babies. The percentage of low birth weight babies was more in mothers from rural area 243 (27.46%). Highest percentage (45.33%) of low birth weight babies was seen in non agricultural laborer. Higher percentage of low birth weight babies (26.18%) was observed among mothers belonging to joint family. Highest percentage (28.61%) of low birth weight babies was observed in class V socioeconomic status.Conclusions: Baby birth weight has significant association with place of residence, mothers occupation, fathers occupation, socioeconomic status of family (p<0.05).
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Kandel, Kamal Prasad, and Sindhu Kafle. "Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight among Deliveries at Bharatpur Hospital." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 15, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v15i2.18208.
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Background: Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies. Despite consistent efforts to improve the quality of maternal and child health, more than twenty million low birth-weight (LBW) babies are born every year throughout the world. Though, the health situation of Nepal has improved substantially over the years, the low birth-weight (LBW) rate is still high. The objective of this study was to assess the proportion of low birth weight and identify the associated factors for low birth weight in a live born infant among the institutionally delivered newborns. Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology ward of Bharatpur hospital, Bharatpur, from 17th September to 4th October , 2012. Altogether 480 respondents were taken and respondents were mothers who had delivered newborns in Bharatpur hospital.Results: A total of 480 births occurred during the study period, of which 480 met the study criteria. Among which 9.4% were low birth weight and 90.6% were normal birth weight .Overall mean birth weight was found to be 2.96 kg. Out of total 9.4% newborns were weighing less than 2.50 kg and mean birth weight 2.96kg. Conclusions: This study suggests that there were several factors interplaying which lead to LBW babies; which are age of mother at delivery,weight gain by mother during pregnancy, short, low body mass index and hyperemesis gravidarum was the strongest predictor in this study.
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., Surender Kagithapu, Vijaykumar Gudur ., and Chodavarapu Ravikumar . "IDENTIFICATION OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES BY BIRTH WEIGHT-INDEPENDENT ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES." Indian Journal of Child Health 5, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32677/ijch.2018.v05.i11.008.
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Mathew, Simy, and Jyoti B Sarvi. "Outcome of Kangaroo Mother Care in Low Birth Weight Babies (Preterm/Iugr)." Pediatric Education and Research 7, no. 2 (2019): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/per.2321.1644.7219.3.
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Verma, S. S., A. K. Ghadiok, N. Kishore, and O. P. Singh. "Head and chest circumferenes as predictors of birth weight in Indian babies." Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie 80, no. 3 (November 16, 1995): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zma/80/1995/353.
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Chalise, Shiva Prasad Sharma, Santosh Kumar Mishra, Prerana Kasakar, and Md Firoz Anjum. "Causes of Mortality in Low Birth Weight Babies at a Tertiary Care Hospital." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 41, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v41i3.37154.
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Introduction: Decreasing the neonatal mortality has been a major concern to decrease under five mortality rate. Low birth weight (LBW) and prematurity related deaths account to significant percentage of all neonatal deaths worldwide. Causes of mortality in LBW babies are not well documented. Hence this study aims to determine the causes of neonatal mortality among the LBW babies at Patan Hospital, Nepal. Method: It was a retrospective observational study done at the Department of Paediatrics, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. The study period was three years from April 2017 to March 2020. All LBW babies born within the study period were included. Perinatal audit and case records were reviewed and necessary data was extracted. Results were analyzed using appropriate tools. Results: Total LBW babies were 3028 which was 13% of all live births. Deaths among LBW were 83 comprising mortality rate of 26.7 per thousand live births. Among all neonatal deaths 76% of the deaths were LBW babies. Sixty very LBW babies died which contributed to 55% of total neonatal deaths. Mean birth weight was 1185 grams, median 1045 with standard deviation 571 with range of 500 to 2484 grams. Respiratory distress syndrome (35%), sepsis (29%), congenital anomalies (23%) and birth asphyxia (12%) were the most common causes of mortality. Conclusions: Respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis were the most common causes of neonatal mortality among LBW babies. Improved neonatal care with special focus to very and extremely LBW babies might help reduce neonatal mortality.
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Jacob, Sheela, and Ancy T. Jacob. "Incidence and risk factors for term low birth weight babies in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20211418.
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Background: Birth weight of <2.5 kg at birth is considered low birth weight and impacts the individual's health during their adult life. Babies are born with low birth weight, both in term and preterm deliveries. This study aims to find the incidence of term low birth weight babies (TLBW) and the maternal risk factors associated with the same.Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 166 pregnant women who had term live births during the study period July 2019 to December 2020. Inclusion criteria: Women with a live singleton TLBW (<2.5 kg) - cases (63) and normal birth weight babies - controls (103). Control group selection was 1:2 proportion as per the cases. Exclusion criteria consisted of women with multiple gestations. Binary and categorical variables were presented using counts and percentages. Independent sample t-test was used to compare two continuous variables, and the chi-square test/Fisher's exact test was used to find the association of categorical variables.Results: 1344 live births were reported during the study period, of which 63 cases were TLBW babies with an incidence of 4.68%. Among the baseline parameters, significant difference was observed only in body mass index (BMI). After assessing the common risk factors like anemia, urinary tract infection (UTI), genital tract infection, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and gestational hypertension, only hypothyroidism showed significant association with TLBW (OR: 2.240, 95% CI:0.98-5.13, p=0.006).Conclusions: The incidence of TLBW babies was 4.68%, which is low compared with other studies. Hypothyroidism shows significant association with TLBW in this study which was not observed in previous literature.
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Kokku, Pradheep Kumar, Himabindu Singh, Rakesh Kotha, Arjun Jadhavo, Alimelu Maddireddi, Nirmala Cherukuri, Sadiqua Anjum, and Apoorva Tadury. "Calf circumference to detect low birth weight babies: a comparative study." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 6 (October 21, 2019): 2302. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20194156.
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Background: In developing countries 15 per cent of infants weigh less than 2,500 grams at birth .It is not possible to provide expensive weighing scales to the community members and families due to logistic (carrying a heavy scale) and operational (inability of Trained Birth Attenders to read) problems. Therefore it is essential to find out an alternative method for the estimation of birth weight. Almost 60 per cent of newborns in developing countries are not weighed. Which can lead to an underestimation of the incidence of low birth weight. That’s why we done present study to know the simple indicators to detect low birth weight babies. Aim of this study to compare calf circumference with other Low birth weight indicators as a reliable predictor of low birth weight babies.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study done during period 2018 January to 2018 October done at Niloufer Hospital Hyderabad. Statistical analysis is done using SPSS (version 17) statistical software. For comparison Pearson's Correlation coefficients used.Results: The best correlation was observed with both calf circumference (r=0.818) and head circumference (r=0.744) for identifying babies with birth weight <2 kg. For babies with birth weight <2.5 kg, calf circumference had the highest order of correlation (r = 0.986) followed closely by head circumference (r=0.886).Conclusion: In the absence of a weighing machine, simple measurements like calf circumference is the best indicator in identifying low birth weight babies (<2.5kg) at birth.
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Rosy, Nasrin, Nargis Sultana, Lutfun Naher, Zebunnessa Pervin, Sanjay Kumar Das, Mohammad Monirul Islam, Md Abul Khair, and Khan Md Arif. "Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight Baby." Faridpur Medical College Journal 13, no. 1 (August 24, 2018): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v13i1.38016.
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Low birth weight (LBW, <2500g) is an important indicator of reproductive health and general health status of population. LBW is considered as the single most important predictor of infant mortality, especially of deaths within the first month of life. This is a prospective case control study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecolgy, Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Faridpur, during the period of August 2015 to July 2016 to find out the risk factors associated with low birth weight babies and to know modifiable risk factors. Total 300 samples were included in this study. All pregnant women who delivered a LBW baby during one year of study period were selected. One hundred mothers who delivered babies having birth weight <2500 gram were selected as cases and 200 mothers who delivered babies having birth weight 2500 gram and above were taken as control. This study shows most frequent maternal age group was 18-25 years in case group and 26-35 years in control group. Fifty four percent were female and 46% were male babies in case group where as 39% were female and 61% were male babies in control group. In LBW babies mothers, having regular antenatal care were only 23.8%. Maternal factors including maternal height, maternal weight, pre-eclampsia, PROM, chronic hypertension & PPH, heart disease and DM were associated with low birth weight. Fifty six percent mothers had average food intake and 34% had poor food intake in mothers of low birth weight baby. The status of antenatal check-up and poor socio economic condition also strongly influence birth weight of baby. There is a need for national prospective research project to study the low birth weight problem at the national level.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2018;13(1): 31-34
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Vanka, Shanthi, Vrinda Saxena, Amit Vanka, and KS Ravi. "Maternal Periodontitis and Low Birth Weight Babies." Journal of Orofacial Research 3 (2013): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10026-1106.
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BERG, C. J., C. M. DRUSCHEL, B. J. MCCARTHY, M. LAVOIE, and R. L. FLOYD. "Neonatal Mortality in Normal Birth Weight Babies." Survey of Anesthesiology 34, no. 4 (August 1990): 251???252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132586-199008000-00047.
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Goel, Medha, Sushma Nangia, and Arvind Saili. "Enteral Feeding in Low Birth Weight Babies." Journal of Neonatology 16, no. 3 (September 2002): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973217920020306.
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Jobe, Alan H. "Helping low birth weight babies do better." Journal of Pediatrics 143, no. 5 (November 2003): A3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/s0022-3476(03)00708-x.
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Singh, G., R. Chouhan, and K. Sidhu. "Maternal Factors for Low Birth Weight Babies." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 65, no. 1 (January 2009): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(09)80045-2.
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PRIYA, JEBA JOTHI. "KANGAROO CARE FOR LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES." Nursing Journal of India XCV, no. 09 (2004): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.48029/nji.2004.xcv903.
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gade, dr aruna kumari, and dr bimla rani. "EFFECTIVENESS OF OLIVE OIL ADMINISTRATION THROUGH NG TUBE TO IMPROVE WEIGHT AMONG LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES." RESEARCH RESERVOIR 7, no. 2 (December 10, 2021): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47211/trr.2021.v07i02.007.
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An Experimental Study was carried out on “Effectiveness on administration of olive oil through NG tube to improve weight among low birth weight babies admitted in NICU at SVS Hospital, Yenugonda, Mahabubnagar, Telangana. Objectives of the study is to assess the weight of low birth weight babies before and after administration of olive oil through NG tube. To compare the mean difference of weight among low birth weight babies before and after administration of olive oil through NG tube. To determine the association between effect of administration of olive oil through NG tube among low birth weight babies with their selected demographic variables. Materials and Methodology: The research design selected for the study was pre-experimental design. One group pre test and post test design with sampling. Only one group was observed before and after the independent variable was introduced. In this design the total sample was taken as one group and pre-test was administered.
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Ningsih, Ratna, and Fitri Febriana. "Hemoglobin concentration is correlated with Low Birth Weight Babies (LBWB)." Journal of Health Technology Assessment in Midwifery 2, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/jhtam.1091.
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Out of 9% prevalence of Low Birth Weight Babies (LBWB), 5.32% takes place in Special Region of Yogyakarta. Out of 5 municipalities in Yogyakarta, the highest rate of LBWB case takes place in the Municipality of Kulon Progo. According to perinatal birth rate in Kulon Progo in 2018, out of 2,392 babies, 359 babies were born with LBWB. Babies born with LBWB condition may experience breathing pattern problem, hypothermia and other potential infections. The population of this study were 2,392 babies delivered in a Public Hospital within the Municipality of Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta City in the period of January-December 2018. Mothers giving birth to 171 babies with LBWB condition (50%) and 171 babies of normal birth weight (50%). Respondents' characteristic determined in the study is those with the risk factor of Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of 44.7%. According to the analysis result, hemoglobin concentration correlates with the case of LBWB with p-value of 0,000 and Odd Ratio of 7.638 times.
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Kayastha, Pawana, and Sunil Raja Manandhar. "Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight Among Babies Delivered at Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital in Nepal." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 18, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v18i2.22202.
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Introduction: Low birth weight is directly related to both immediate and long term development and wellbeing of a person. There are numerous maternal and foetal factors contributing to low birth weight. The mortality and morbidity of low birth weight can be reduced if the maternal risk factors are detected early and managed by simple techniques.
Methods: 207 low birth weight live newborn babies regardless of gestational age born in a tertiary level teaching institute from September 2015 to September 2016 were enrolled as cases and same number of normal birth weight babies (i.e. 2.5 to 4 kgs) as control. Information was obtained directly from mothers using pretested structured questionnaire and was analysed using SPSS version 20.
Results: The incidence of low birth weight was found to be 9.8%. Mean weight of low birth weight babies was 1.98 kg and mean gestational age was 37.34 weeks. Among low birth weight babies, 47.8% were preterm and 52.2% were term. Out of 119 small for gestational age babies, the frequency of symmetrical small for gestational age was 45.3% and asymmetrical small for gestational age was 54.6%. There was significant association of low birth weight with multiple maternal factors like maternal age, education, weight, height, weight gain during pregnancy, ANC visits, parity, antepartum haemorrhage, previous abortion/low birth weight, birth spacing, tobacco/alcohol intake and haemoglobin.
Conclusions: Prevalence of low birth weight is likely to be far higher than figure in isolated rural settings of our country. Contribution of SGA is higher than Appropriate for Gestational Age which brings us to a larger burden of long term morbidity and mortality. Various maternal factors are responsible for birth of low birth weight babies.
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Barros, Fernando C., Sharon R. A. Huttly, Cesar C. Victora, Betty R. Kirkwood, and J. Patrick Vaughan. "Comparison of the Causes and Consequences of Prematurity and Intrauterine Growth Retardation: A Longitudinal Study in Southern Brazil." Pediatrics 90, no. 2 (August 1, 1992): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.90.2.238.
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A cohort of 5914 liveborns (99% of the city births) was followed up to the age of 4 years in Pelotas, southern Brazil. Besides the perinatal evaluation, the cohort children were examined again at mean ages of 11, 23, and 47 months. During each visit the children were weighed and measured and information on morbidity was collected. Also, multiple sources of information were used for monitoring mortality throughout the study. Of the babies with known gestational age, 9.0% were classified as intrauterine growth-retarded and 6.3% as preterm. Excluding those of unknown gestational age, 62% of low birth weight babies were intrauterine growth-retarded and 36% were preterm. Intrauterine growth retardation was statistically associated with maternal height, prepregnancy weight birth interval, and smoking, whereas preterm births were associated with maternal prepregnancy weight and maternal age. Preterm babies had a perinatal mortality rate 13 times higher than that of babies of appropriate birth weight and gestational age and 2 times higher than that of intrauterine growth-retarded babies. Infant mortality rates presented a similar pattern, with the differentials being more pronounced during the neonatal than in the postneonatal period. In the first 2 years of life intrauterine growth-retarded children were at almost twice the risk of being hospitalized for diarrhea compared with appropriate birth weight, term children, while preterm children experienced only a slightly greater risk. For pneumonia, however, both groups of children were hospitalized significantly more than appropriate birth weight, term children. In terms of growth, despite their earlier disadvantage, preterm children gradually caught up with their appropriate birth weight, term counterparts. This catch-up occurred primarily between mean ages 23 and 47 months. Intrauterine growth-retarded children, however, exhibited no such catch-up. Indeed, their average monthly growth rates between measurements were always lower than those of children in the other two groups.
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Nair, Mohandas, Gireesh S., Rubeena Yakoob, and Cheriyan N. C. "Effect of maternal anaemia on birth weight of term babies." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20181533.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Low birth weight is the major determinant of mortality, morbidity and disability in infancy and childhood and has a long-term impact on health outcome in adult life. The objectives of this study were to study the relationship between maternal anemia and birth weight of babies and to study anthropometric measures of babies born to anemic and non-anemic mothers and to correlate the timing of anemia with birth weight of babies.Methods: Term babies born in Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Government Medical College, Kozhikode from November 2014 to October 2016 fulfilling the criteria were divided into 2 groups, cases (term babies with birth weight <2500g) and controls (term babies with weight >2500g) and studied and their maternal hemoglobin values were compared.Results: Maternal anaemia in all three trimesters was found to be more in cases compared to controls. Mean 1st trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.68 g/dl which was significantly lower when compared to controls. Mean 2nd trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.36 g/dl compared to 11.47 g/dl in controls. Mean 3rd trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.42 g/dl which was also significantly lower compared to 11.32 g/dl in controls. SGA babies were also found to be more in cases, 89%, compared to 18% in controls. The difference in head circumference between two groups was not statistically significant. Mean length of babies were higher in controls compared to cases. Mothers with anemia at any time during pregnancy was found to have 4.3 times higher risk of giving birth to low birth weight babies compared to non-anemic mothersConclusion: Anemia during pregnancy is a risk factor for low birth weight and SGA, independent of the trimester. Length of babies born to anaemic mothers is also low. But it does not have a significant effect on head circumference of babies.
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Ghosh, Rebecca Elisabeth, Jacob Dag Berild, Anna Freni Sterrantino, Mireille B. Toledano, and Anna L. Hansell. "Birth weight trends in England and Wales (1986–2012): babies are getting heavier." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 103, no. 3 (August 5, 2017): F264—F270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-311790.
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IntroductionBirth weight is a strong predictor of infant mortality, morbidity and later disease risk. Previous work from the 1980s indicated a shift in the UK towards heavier births; this descriptive analysis looks at more recent trends.MethodsOffice for National Statistics (ONS) registration data on 17.2 million live, single births from 1986 to 2012 were investigated for temporal trends in mean birth weight, potential years of birth weight change and changes in the proportions of very low (<1500 g), low (<2500 g) and high (≥4000 g) birth weight. Analysis used multiple linear and logistic regression adjusted for maternal age, marital status, area-level deprivation and ethnicity. Additional analyses used the ONS NHS Numbers for Babies data set for 2006–2012, which has information on individual ethnicity and gestational age.ResultsOver 27 years there was an increase in birth weight of 43 g (95% CI 42 to 44) in females and 44 g (95% CI 43 to 45) in males, driven by birth weight increases between 1986–1990 and 2007–2012. There was a concurrent decreased risk of having low birth weight but an 8% increased risk in males and 10% increased risk in females of having high birth weight. For 2006–2012 the birth weight increase was greater in preterm as compared with term births.ConclusionsSince 1986 the birth weight distribution of live, single births in England and Wales has shifted towards heavier births, partly explained by increases in maternal age and non-white ethnicity, as well as changes in deprivation levels. Other potential influences include increases in maternal obesity and reductions in smoking prevalence particularly following the introduction of legislation restricting smoking in public places in 2007.
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Astuti, Eka Rati. "Factors Associated with The Incidence of Low Birth Weight." Journal of Health Science and Prevention 5, no. 2 (September 4, 2021): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/jhsp.v5i2.517.
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Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the causes of infant mortality. LBW babies can be caused by internal and external factors. This research aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of low birth weight. This research is a retrospective study with a case control approach. The population is all mothers who gave birth in Puskemas Kayu Kunyit in South Bengkulu Regency throughout 2019, as many as 129 people, consisting of 14 babies with LBW and 115 babies with normal birth weight. The sample of this study was 28 people consisting of 14 babies who experienced LBW and 14 babies who were not LBW. Secondary data were obtained from maternal cohort and infant cohort and cases of data the incidence of low birth weight and the risk of pregnant women. Analysis of data using statistical test Chi-Square with a 95% confidence level. The analysis shows that the factors of low birth weight are maternal age (?=0.002), maternal parity (?=0.006), and pregnancy distance (?=0.02). In conclusion, factors associated with the incidence of low birth weight are maternal age, maternal parity, and pregnancy distance in the Puskesmas Kayu Kunyit.