Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Birth Rate'
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1
Conlan, Andrew James Kerr. "Modelling measles epidemics in high birth rate countries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612714.
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Lehmann, MB, PJ Funston, CR Owen, and R. Slotow. "Reproductive biology of a pride of lions on Karongwe Game Reserve, South Africa." African Zoology, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000674.
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The reproductive biology of a pride of lions (Panthera leo) was studied on the 8500 ha
Karongwe Game Reserve from 1999 to 2005. Over this period, the pride consisted of between
four and 11 lions with a paired coalition of adult males during the first three years and a single
adult male for the next three years.We recorded shorter than normal interbirth intervals, high
birth rates of 1.3 cubs/lioness/year, very high cub survival rates, and subadults leaving the
pride at young ages. This translated into substantially faster growth rates than are typical in
large lion populations in ecologically similar circumstances such as Kruger National Park, but
are similar to those of lions in Serengeti National Park. These demographic characteristics
were probably induced initially by a lack of intense intraspecific competition and high prey
availability, but population stability was maintained through the removal of young subadults
by management. Interestingly, variability in conception rates between lionesses resulted in
lower growth rates than have been found in other similar reintroduced lion populations. These
demographic traits characterize many of the small reintroduced lion populations, and call for
appropriate management to avoid the consequences of high predator densities.
3
Sundelin, Svendsen Hans Christian, and Oscar Sundqvist. "The Need for Children : How economic conditions affects birth rate." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2523.
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Den åldrande befolkningen sägs föra med sig problemet att allt färre får ta hand om allt fler, diskussionen handlar ofta om pensionsfrågor. Samtidigt har man glömt bort den andra dimensionen i form av barnafödande och fertilitet. En del faktorer kan inverka på hushållen mer än andra när de väljer att skaffa barn, förstår vi hushållens val på aggregerad nivå så förstår vi även samhällets val när det kommer till barnafödandet.
Genom en regressionsanalys, innehållande tre modeller, undersöks hur och om de makroekonomiska variablerna disponibel inkomst, arbetslöshet, sparkvot, utbildningskostnader och om inkomstskillnader mellan män och kvinnor samt föräldraförsäkringen påverkar barnafödandet i Sverige. Variablerna är valda med utgångspunkt i Gary Beckers teori om efterfrågan på barn. Sekundärdata är hämtad från Statistiska Centralbyrån.
Resultatet visar att disponibel inkomst har ett positivt samband med barnafödandet. Utbildningskostnader och föräldraförsäkringen visar dock ett negativt samband med barnafödandet. Variabeln arbetslöshet visar varierande signifikans beroende på om vi inkluderar en föräldraförsäkring eller inte. Variablerna sparkvot och könsrelaterade inkomstskillnader visar ingen signifikans.
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Akhtar, Muhammad A. "Peri-implantation heparin improves implantation and the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in subfertile women." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/73311/.
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The clinical success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is measured by the clinical pregnancies (implantation success) and the live births rates. Following ART live birth rates vary from 20-40% and are dependent upon a variety of factors. Various adjunct therapies are being used with ART to improve implantation and pregnancy outcomes. The effectiveness of these adjuvant therapies remains unclear and requires further evaluation. One group of medical adjuvant therapies widely used in clinical practice are thromboprophylactic agents, including heparin. Heparin can potentially modulate many of the mechanisms of implantation including successful apposition, adhesion and penetration of the developing embryo into the endometrium. This is independent of its anticoagulant function for which it is used routinely in clinical practice. Following completion of a literature review, it became evident that heparin could potentially improve decidualisation and implantation. It improves function of various growth factors and cytokines in the endometrium promoting and facilitating implantation in laboratory models. From this initial research, we postulated that heparin used as adjunct to ART should improve the clinical pregnancy and the live birth rates via these mechanisms described. Bleeding is a known side effect of systemic heparin due to its effect on the coagulation cascade. A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was devised and peer-reviewed to assess the published data. The aim of this was to establish whether using the currently available evidence, peri-implantation heparin improves pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing ART. A secondary aim was to determine if there were any significant side effects. The meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the protocol. This demonstrated that peri-implantation systematic heparin does improve clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates in these women. Nevertheless, there were only three randomised control trials (RCTs) included in the review that met the inclusion criteria and there was significant heterogeneity amongst the participants in the included studies. Systemic side effects of heparin including bleeding and bruising were also identified in this review. As the proposed mechanism of improving implantation by heparin is improvement of endometrial cytokines and growth factors. It was hypothesised that direct endometrial administration of heparin should improve decidualisation thus improving implantation. To confirm or refute this hypothesis, initially a phase 1 study is required to be undertaken for direct endometrial administration of heparin as currently it is only licenced as a systemic injectable formulation. We developed a protocol to assess the feasibility of intrauterine flushing for direct endometrial administration of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) with a prospective randomised placebo controlled pilot study. This novel study was approved by National Research Ethics Service (NRES), Medicine & Healthcare products Regulatory Authority (MHRA), UK. Sponsorship was obtained from the University of Warwick and local Research & Development (R&D) approval was obtained. The study was undertaken at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (UHCW). It demonstrated the acceptability of intrauterine flushing of heparin to women. The concept of the trial was popular with patients making recruitment unproblematic. Minimal side effects were reported, no serious adverse events occurred. Most women recruited underwent ART following the study, with many achieving a clinical pregnancy and live birth. Our hypothesis for primary outcome measure, uterine natural killer (uNK) cell density, as a marker of decidualisation was refuted.
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Inlow, James Daniel. "Birth Underregistration In The Mid-20th Century and the Infant Mortality Rate." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1531865089356033.
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Patteson, Dorothy Marie. "The relationship between heart rate variability, auditory evoked heart rate responses, and performance on recognition memory tests in low birth weight and normal birth weight infant macaques (Macaca nemestrina) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7236.
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Dobrá, Simona. "Rodina ve 21. století v krajích a okresech ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165563.
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The thesis is focused on family in the early 21st century in the Czech Republic. The basic objective is to analyze important differences in for-family behaviour (in terms of traditional families) based on selected demographic indicators in regions and districts of the Czech Republic. The theoretical part describes basic concepts related to family, its functions and changes of the family. Czech families are studied mainly on evidence of selected statistical data published by the Czech Statistical Office. To determine the regional disparities, in approach to the concept of family at the district level, the synthetic indicator T has been designed. In the final part, the economic and social conditions (unemployment, education, etc.) affecting the people's approaches to the concept of family are examined within districts.
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Сміянов, Владислав Анатолійович, Владислав Анатольевич Смиянов, Vladyslav Anatoliiovych Smiianov, Ольга Іванівна Сміянова, Ольга Ивановна Смиянова, Olha Ivanivna Smiianova, and К. В. Богма. "Порівняльна характеристика сумарних показників відтворення в Україні та країнах Європи." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42233.
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З 2002 р. динаміка народжуваності в Україні набула позитивного спрямування –
впродовж останнього десятиріччя загальний показник народжуваності зріс майже на 31%.
При цьому відзначається доволі значне його коливання: від 9,3 на 1 тис. населення у
Чернігівській області до 14, 7 у Рівненській та Закарпатській областях.
Для оцінки народжуваності у світі найчастіше використовується сумарний коефіцієнт
відтворення. Нашою метою було провести порівняльний аналіз цього показника в Україні та
країнах Європейського регіону.
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Голубовська, Ф. Б., Т. В. Белік, Світлана Володимирівна Павличева, Светлана Владимировна Павлычева, and Svitlana Volodymyrivna Pavlycheva. "Тенденції народжуваності та смертності на Сумщині з 1996 по 2002 роки." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2003. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9461.
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Spaulding, Aleigha, Jessica R. Barbee, Nathan L. Hale, Shimin Zheng, Michael G. Smith, Edward Francis Leinaar, and Amal Jamil Khoury. "Analysis of Birth Rate and Predictors Using Linear Regression Model and Propensity Score Matching Method." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/35.
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Evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention can pose challenges if there is not an adequate control group. The effects of the intervention can be distorted by observable differences in the characteristics of the control and treatment groups. Propensity score matching can be used to confirm the outcomes of an intervention are due to the treatment and not other characteristics that may also explain the intervention effects. Propensity score matching is an advanced statistical technique that uses background information on the characteristics of the study population to establish matched pairs of treated participants and controls. This technique improves the quality of control groups and allowing for a better evaluation of the true effects of an intervention. The purpose of this study was to implement this technique to derive county-level matches across the southeastern United States for existing counties within a single state where future statewide initiatives are planned. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC, USA). A select set of key county-level socio-demographic measures theoretically relevant for deriving appropriate matches was examined. These include the proportion of African Americans in population, population density, and proportion of the female population below poverty level. To derive the propensity-matched counties, a logistic regression model with the state of primary interest as the outcome was conducted. The baseline covariates of interest were included in the model and used to predict the probability of a county being in the state of primary interest; this acts as the propensity score used to derive matched controls. A caliper of 0.2 was used to ensure the ratio of the variance of the linear propensity score in the control group to the variance of the linear propensity score in the treatment group is close to 1. The balance of covariates before and after the propensity score matching were assessed to determine if significant differences in each respective covariate persisted after the propensity score matching. Before matching, a significant difference was found in the proportion of African Americans in control group (21.08%, n=3,450) and treatment group (36.95%, n=230) using the t-test (P<0.0001). The percent of females below poverty level showed significant difference between control and treatment group (P=0.0264). The t-test of population density also showed significant differences between the groups (P=0.0424). After matching, the mean differences for the treated-control groups were all zero for these three covariates and the characteristics were no longer showing any significant differences between the two groups. This study found that the use of propensity score matching methods improved the accuracy of matched controls. Ensuring that the control and treatment counties have statistically similar characteristics is important for improving the rigor of future studies examining county-level outcomes. Propensity score matching does not account for unobserved differences between the treatment and control groups that may affect the observed outcomes; however, it does ensure that the observable characteristics between the groups are statistically similar.This method reduces the threat to internal validity that observable characteristics pose on interventions by matching for these potentially confounding characteristics.
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Rousová, Ilona. "Rodina v České republice a jejích regionech." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9328.
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This master thesis is focused on the present state of the family issues in the Czech Republic. Except the explanation of the basic terminology, it also indicates some of the areas with the family in the first place and its legal regulations and sociology investigation. It observes the actual trends in the behaviour of couples in the connection with the common life and starting family. The acquired demographic and sociological findings, valid generally for the Czech Republic, are analysed and compared with the statistical dates of the lower territory self-governing units. It also checks the rate of the regional differences above these regions (mainly at the level of districts), especially in the area of the marriage behaviour, parenthood and amount of the separating marriages. It confronts these data with the age structure of the founding family members. At the end of the graduation thesis is established whether the results of the sociological investigation and studies are consistent with the realized conclusions from the statistic data and if there exist the significant regional dissimilarities in the Czech Republic in statistic indicators which characterize the "family" behaviour of population.
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Ekholm, Selling Katarina. "Birth-characteristics, hospitalisations, and childbearing : Epidemiological studies based on Swedish register data." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9660.
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WEN-CHIAO, TENG, and 鄧喬文. "The Birth Rate and Government Birth Promotion Policy-The Taiwan Case." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5689kb.
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碩士東海大學
公共事務碩士在職專班
106
This study wants to understand which policy between "friendly child care environment" and "cash maternity allowance" is more suitable for the willingness of the country to give birth and re-fertility? The first chapter is an introduction, describing the history of the global and China's current declining birthrate, the relevant research report on the importance of women's labor participation rate and fertility rate, and the white paper of China's population policy hope to be integrated through units and inter-departments. Policies promoted jointly by the upper and lower organs of the country, but the relevant reports or fertility rates show that the birth policy is not effective, and in the face of the increase in China’s debt, the fear that the birth policy cannot effectively cure the fertility rate has already suffered from financial delays, to avoid The occurrence of the problem is the motivation and purpose of this study. The second chapter is to conduct research on fertility issues through literature review and related theories. In related theory, for the demographic theory in the social sciences, talk about Malthus's population theory, Ricardo's wage iron law. Through literature review, we will understand how to improve the fertility rate in academic practice and the theoretical problems behind birth. . The third chapter studies the design, establishes the research background and motivation, the purpose, and the literature collection, the implementation status and content of the policy, and establishes the structure, process and research methods used in this study, so as to effectively achieve the purpose of this research. Chapter 4 studies and analyzes the relationship between the "friendly child care environment" and "cash maternity allowance" policies and the "fertility rate", including government statistics and interview data, and discusses which policies can affect the willingness of the people to give birth. . The fifth chapter concludes and recommends the overall research conclusions based on the analysis results, proposes to reduce the fertility policy long carriage, and reverse the double dilemma of low fertility rate.
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WANG, HUEI-LAN, and 王惠蘭. "A study on the correlation between the intention birth rate and the birth rate trend - considering Lianjiang county as an example." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zhsfqu.
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碩士銘傳大學
公共事務學系碩士在職專班
106
Since Taiwan’s fertility rate has been declining year by year and the phenomenon of declining birth rates has occurred in recent years, declining birthrate represents the fact that the population in the future may gradually become less and have a major impact on social structure, economic development, and other aspects. Therefore, this topic deserves to be studied. This study first used literature data to analyze the relevant causes affecting fertility intentions, including theories related to fertility intentions and program theory of behaviors. Then, a questionnaire was prepared to collect data to understand the fertility intentions and related factors of married women in Lianjiang County. Differences, application of statistical analysis to explore the relationship between variables, and verify the hypotheses. Finally, with semi-structured interviews, in-depth interviews were conducted with four women who were married and had at least three children. They further analyzed the factors affecting their childbearing intentions and proposed suggestions for the attempted policy. The findings of this study can be summed up in the following six conclusions: First, positive child values; Second, the original family shape individual values and behavior patterns; Third, family support for child care; Fourth, the number of children and gender preference Affected by the elder’s intentions; Fiveth, The social network’s affection affects the values of married women; Sixth, The family and the community make up for the lack of family functions. The correlation between the wishes of the child-bearing child and the reward policy is very low. Therefore, the government should focus on long-term planning rather than shortsightedness and short-sightedness. In addition to providing support on the expenditures on raising the economy, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive childbirth system. Only by improving the entire sports environment can we effectively increase fertility.
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Meng, Tien-shiang, and 蒙天祥. "Strategy for Private High Schools to Face Low Birth Rate." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68772363428350834755.
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碩士世新大學
行政管理學研究所(含博、碩專班)
98
This study examines the impacts of the trend of low birth rate on private senior high schools in Taiwan. It employs a case study of a private senior high school in Taipei City, which has achieved particularly high performance, with the research questions of analyzing the factors behind this strong performance and the strategies adopted by the school. The study begins by looking at the trend of low birth rate in Taiwan, and the measures being adopted in response to this situation, before going on to discuss the impacts of falling birth rate on private senior high schools, and the strategies that these schools are adopting. A review of the literature provides the foundation for analysis of the ways in which schools are affected by the trend of low birth rate. In-depth interviews are conducted with persons at the governing government agency as well as both senior and newly-joined school staff members, the principals of other private schools with similar characteristics to those of the school selected for the case study, parents’ representatives, etc. Having collated the views expressed by these individuals, with their different backgrounds, qualitative coding is used to identify the common bases for outstanding school performance. By canvassing a wide range of opinions, it is hoped that the study will help private senior high schools to cope with the challenges that they are currently facing, while also providing a useful reference for the relevant government agencies, so that they can work together to mitigate the negative impacts of falling birth rate on the educational environment. The study found that there is no “miracle cure” that schools can adopt as their strategy for coping with the impacts of falling birth rate; rather, schools need to work steadily in a step-by-step manner to get the basics right and establish themselves as a leading school in their particular field. A school that can achieve this will not be adversely affected by the trend of low birth rate. The most important step towards getting a school on the right path is maintaining the mission of the school; schools should not allow setbacks to deter them from following their mission. Secondly, all teachers must demonstrate enthusiasm in their work. To encourage staff members to be passionate about their work, schools must respect teachers and provide them with reasonable salaries and welfare benefits. In addition, having a first-rate board of directors (board of governors), combined with outstanding leadership among the school staff, has an important role to play in creating a truly outstanding school that will be in no danger of having to close down because of the impacts of falling birth rate.
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Chan, Chia-Ning, and 張佳寧. "The Impacts of Low-Birth Rate, Pension and Other Macro Factors on Saving Rate in Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/237thw.
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碩士淡江大學
產業經濟學系碩士班
104
In recent years, Aging population and low fertility in Taiwan. There are more people to pay attention at social welfare system. Younger people have grown up in a better environment, they had better education and better quality and lives. Their values of consumption is different from their parents in recent years. Most countries have faced an aging population problem, and the pension is an important issue around the world. This research wants to know whether the saving rate will affect after implementation of pension system. This study use Johansen test and VECM model to find that the long-run relationship and short-run relation between saving rate, birth rate and other macro variables.
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Hsu, Ya-Ting, and 徐雅婷. "The strategic moves for private technical colleges under declining birth rate." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t3vam6.
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碩士淡江大學
管理科學學系企業經營碩士在職專班
102
This thesis is to explore the impact of declining birthrate on the management of private colleges, as well as their coping strategies and performances. The research is conducted with a case study. The target college is threatened by two circumstances. One is the high percentage of personnel costs in for tuition revenues. The other is the threat of declining birthrate. Nevertheless, the number of students is still growing for the target college year after year due to some strategic initiatives. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with decision-making level executives in the college. Interview date is analyzed together with internal documents and participant observation to infer the challenges and difficulties of the management of private colleges and appropriate coping strategies. Based on the analysis, five major strategies were adopted by the target college to cope with declining birthrate: 1. Apply marketing strategies to demonstrate school performances; 2. Adjust departments in response to human resource requirement; 3. Expand the channels of student recruitment; 4. Adopt strategic alliances to develop cooperative programs in selective industries; 5. Implement lean personnel policy and strengthen faculty structure.
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Jin, Tai-Kang, and 金泰康. "The Inflence of Age-Pattern of Fertility on Crude Birth Rate." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46783898410765734901.
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Huang, I.-chi, and 黃奕綺. "The Fertility Rate and Birth Quality of Foreign Spouses in Taiwan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90634820680816850487.
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碩士南華大學
教育社會學研究所
97
For the last two decades, traditional Taiwanese women’s hypergamy is squeezed due to their promotion of educational level and labor participation. As Taiwanese men refuse to marry “upper” women, foreign spouses turn to be their practical choice. As transnational marriage impacts on Taiwanese society, the media constructs many negative images of foreign spouses, such as commercialized marriage, prostitution and low quality of their new-born babies. Along with increasing foreign spouses, the number of their children moves up as well. Higher proportion of “new Taiwanese children” and their “lower quality” initiate serious worry on how foreign spouses and their children will pull down average quality of Taiwanese population. Unfortunately, these worries have not been supported by sound evidence so far as we understand. In order to clarify public misunderstanding, this study intends to explore real situation of foreign spouses’ fertility rate and birth quality of their babies. By employing household registration data from Ministry of the Interior, the Survey of Foreign and Mainland Spouse in 2003, and the eighth survey of knowledge, attitude, and practice of family planning and reproductive health in 1998 (KAP VIII), we present the significant difference of marriage-years-specific fertility rates between foreign and Taiwanese women. We also compare birth quality of foreign spouse with that of Taiwanese women including stillbirth, low birth weight, birth defect, prematurely born, and Apgar score by the birth notification data between 2003 and 2007 from Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health. Contrary to public understanding, our study shows that fertility of foreign spouses is actually lower than that of Taiwanese women. Their birth quality is not worse than that of Taiwanese women either in terms of their ration of stillbirth, low birth weight, birth defect, prematurely born, or Apgar score. As a matter of facts, some indicators demonstrate that the qualities of foreign spouses are even better than those of Taiwanese women. As Taiwan faces threat of aging population and ever-lower fertility rates, promotion of foreign spouses’ fertility should be able to delay population aging and improve quality of Taiwanese population. Foreign spouses and their children are actually making a lot of contribution for the whole Taiwanese population.
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Ming+Yuan, Hou, and 侯名原. "Low Birth Rate, Aging, Population Along and Related Pet Market Opportunity." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03023181454497259873.
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碩士輔仁大學
科技管理學程碩士在職專班
103
With the changing social structure, more and more people in Taiwan have begun to keep a pet to accompany with them, and also will be booming pet market development, not due to fluctuations in the economy in recent years of recession. What are the factors of this influence? With pets becoming part of the human family, how does Taiwan's pet industry to find a direction in this trend?
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WANG, LI-YA, and 王麗雅. "The Effect of Low Birth Rate Risk on School Management Model." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2j6vc3.
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碩士開南大學
商學院碩士在職專班
107
This study aims to explore what business model and strategies schools adopt to solve the crisis they are facing due to the pressure of low birth rate. Currently, most schools can not compete with those in the city on recruitment and management and elevate student quality due to low birth rate and parents’ vast economical differences. Therefore, the researcher’s school currently faces the following operating problems: 1.Vast difference in student talent cannot elevate learning effectiveness. 2.Facing low birth, schools in the suburbs can not compete with schools. In the city in recruitment such that they are facing pressure to reduce classes. 3.Faculty loyalty is affecting school operations From interview and data analysis, this study suggests the following: 1.Develop diversity in school quality favorable for recruitment. 2.Facilitate loyalty of management team to face the operating crisis caused by low birth rate. 3.Adjust current number of classes, elevate teachers’ professionalism, and development specialty lessons to improve student professionalism and learning interest 4.Provide a friendly learning environment to attract student and improve their learning effectiveness. 5.Develop curriculums incorporating contact activities to facilitate closeness between student and teachers such that the teachers’ professionalism can satisfy students’ learning needs.
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TSOU, FEN-YI, and 鄒芬宜. "The Strategy Responding to Low Birth Rate for Rural Primary Schools." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g46334.
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碩士中華大學
工業管理學系
107
ABSTRACT According to the result of Modified Delphi Method, references and collected infor-mation, a formal questionnaire sets targets on four aspects of a current issue about “The strategy responding to low birth rate for rural primary schools.” The proposed aspects in-cludes “School Administration”, “Career Education”, “General School Curriculum” and “Equipment and Environment.” Next, invited experts fill in those questionnaire. This study uses the Likert five point scale as measure and takes Quartile difference(QD) as a standard for statistical analysis of the data to provide a measurement for verifying the consistency between relevant references and suggested policies. The outcome of the questionnaire shows that the “equipment and environment” facet “there is a student transportation vehicle or commuting system” and “General School Cur-riculum” facet “characteristic courses.” The design focuses on practical operations, life experiences and a wide spectrum of activities to stimulate learning enthusiasm and interest” (most effective). Conclusively, the main goal of presented research is to provide recom-mendations for researchers to stipulate future educational policies. Keywords：Modified Delphi Method Lower birth rate strategy
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Chang, Chia-Chu, and 張嘉純. "The Management of After-School Tutorial School under the Declining Birth Rate." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25177362902301321418.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
管理學院經營管理碩士學位學程碩士在職專班
103
Under the declining birth rate, parents would like to give their children a wonderful future, spending a lot of money on their education which create many cram schools.Under the declining birth rate, the reach can understand how the cram school runs,impact and response of the methods. Cram schools are more and more supply exceeds demand. They run more differently.The reach discusses mainly the strategy of the cram school, through interviews, participant observations and analysis documents gather information. The satisfaction has received the considerable influence from the acknowledgement. The recognized qualities on the tangibles, the reliability, the responsiveness, the assurance, and the thoughtfulness have remarkable interactions with the satisfactions on the learning atmosphere, the seminar arrangement, the capability promoting, and the academic support. The important concept of the interview are the basis for analysis and discussion. Through interviews, participative observation, and documentary analysis, data is collected.
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Hsu, Hui-Chuan, and 許慧娟. "The Way to Deal With the Shock of a Low Birth Rate." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99117032273144028535.
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碩士樹德科技大學
金融系碩士班
103
In Taiwan, the low birth rate happens because of fertility rate declining. The phenomenon not only threatens the development of schools but also then results in manpower shortage and population aging which have a negative influence on all industries and national economic development. The research will inquiry the transition and current situation of the kindergarten education in Kaohsiung. A Kaohsiung private school is as a case in the study and is implemented by interviews and questionnaire. Then, the advice, based on management theories, is given to the school in order to decrease the impact of low birth rate on kindergarten education. The operating strategies are as follows: a. Develop the characteristics to differentiate from others. b. Organize strategic alliance and expand the useful resources. c. Encourage teachers to study to obtain more profession knowledge. d. Design multi-programs and create the atmosphere to benefit learning. e. Integrate educational resources to make learning efficient. The study will offer different strategies to the kindergartens in operation so that the negative influence on kindergarten development could decrease due to low birth rate.
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Tang, Wei-Fen, and 唐巍芬. "Marketing Strategy for Taiwanese Colleges under the Challenge of Declining Birth Rate." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60740154788653265635.
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碩士淡江大學
管理科學學系企業經營碩士在職專班
104
The purpose of this research was to discuss how Taiwanese higher institutions, having faced with the challenges of declining birth rate, evaluate their marketing plans under current situations and coordinate relevant strategic activities. This study conducted several interviews. Hopefully, the impact of marketing concept adopted by higher institutions to engage recruitment would be explored, be it on the faculty or on students. After data analysis, this research obtained the following conclusion: (1) In general, all colleges using the marketing-oriented strategy can attract student to apply to schools, however, too much publicity will lead to a reduced image perception from students; (2) Facing the impact of declining birth rate, all colleges reorganized academic departments to enhance competitiveness, however, teaching effectiveness and quality suffered by not having necessary supportive initiatives along with the reorganization; (3) Facing the impact of declining birth rate, faculty’s awareness of the crisis had gone, however, low morale ensued from cutting down the number of faculty members. Finally, recommendations regarding institutional management and development, recruitment strategies, and other related administrative policies under the challenges of declining birth rate were proposed in this study. Hopefully, the recommendations would be helpful to all the universities and colleges in the future.
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Rottier, Reannan May. "'Talking up' the birth rate : the typologising of women and their fertility." Thesis, 2005. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/21444/1/whole_RottierReannanMay2005_thesis.pdf.
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chen, tso-min, and 陳祚民. "Strategy Under Decreasing Birth Rate—A Case Study Of Private College T." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43238366644280536175.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
經營管理碩士在職專班
100
Birth rate in Taiwan has plummeted recently, resulting in the phenomenon of the trend of fewer children. The trend of fewer children has directly impact the environment of the enrollment at schools. Competition in the market of admission has become inevitable for private universities. Under the pressure of low birth rate, it is especially important for private universities in Taiwan to figure out effective strategies to enroll students. This research is based on the study of qualification. The structure of the research is the analysis about the overall environment (trend of low birth rate; the enrollment situation of private universities), through the process of literature analysis, case studies, expert interviews, and SWOT analysis to understand various enrollment policies, strategies of competition and the differentiation among different schools with this to provide the corresponding recommendations. The research leads to the following conclusions. 1. The best advantage for a school to enroll new students is its good reputation. 2. Curriculum planning, teachers structure, and hardware facilities should be in one step. 3. Leadership of the principal is closely related to the management, enrollment and the development for a school. 4. The advantage of the location and the convenience of the surrounding could not be replaced. 5. To enhance the industry- university cooperation and provide the employment counseling are the future trends. That is schooling and employment for students at school; further, to create job opportunities for graduations. 6. The most effective strategy for enrolling new students is to strengthen the admission organization and increase the enrollment funds; moreover, to employ and train admission professionals actively is also required. Broaden the market of the school and enhance the image and reputation of the school to upgrade the competitiveness of the school. Key words: low birth rate, enrollment strategies, principal leadership, school locations, industry-university cooperation
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Chen, Fang-Wen, and 陳方文. "The Impact Of The Phenomenon Of Low Birth Rate On National Security." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78086707965558440773.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
戰略暨國際事務研究所
100
The Impact of the Phenomenon of Low Birth Rate on National Security Abstract With the rapid changes in our society, the phenomenon of low birth rate apparently becomes the unavoidable tendency in all the advanced countries in the world. According to the report on the estimated population from 2006 to 2141 by the Council for Economic Planning and Development, the growth rate of the total population in Taiwan will downturn from positive growth into negative recession. The tendency will become unavoidable after the phenomenon of low birth-rate. Being engaged in military service for many years, the researcher intuitively considers this problem as the serious impact on the source of soldiers in the future. Without the positive and effective solutions, the overall political and economic development and competitive power of the nation will be affected and threatened. Therefore, how to deal with the challenge from the society of fewer young people and more aged people in the future is indeed the critical issue that the Taiwan Government should pay attention to. The phenomenon of fewer kids is related to all aspects such as politics, economy, social issues, and cultural differences. The researcher finds that the main causes are as follows: the formation of thoughts that unmarried people are unwilling to get married; the declining percentage of couples’ getting married; the switch in attitudes toward giving birth and educating kids; the dilemma faced by career women in taking care of both job and family affairs; the financial burden of breeding and educating kids; and the insufficient resources and less supportive surroundings provided for breeding and educating kids. The expectation that raising kids is the feedback guaranty in the future is obviously collapsed and decreases the motivation to give birth to babies. With the deficient policy about managing the problem and the promotion of family plans in the past, the growth of the population in Taiwan is controlled and kept still. However, due to the recent economic recession, many people in Taiwan resort to either remaining single or raising no kids so that the situation of low birth rate goes from bad to worse. For one thing, within all the important aspects concerned with national security, the national military defense is the most crucial. The goal of national military defense is to be armed with enough self-defending ability and people’s will to unite together to ensure the national security when faced with enemies’ military threats. For another thing, as for the untraditional threats, the authority concerned should empower with swift, smart, and punctual ability to react and manage crises. Based on the responsibility of protecting national security and people’s welfare, the army should not only fight the outside military threats but also take the task of disaster relief procedures if necessary. As for the 88 flood disaster in 2009, the army was praised a lot by citizens for relieving victims. The Ministry of Military plans to form an army with both instant reactive ability and disaster relief power. To sum up, all th tasks such as national security, innovation of military service system, disaster relief procedures, and “Fine Purity Program”, needs a great amount of soldiers. If there is no promotion in the number of people to take the tasks, these tasks will be in vain.
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Chang, Hui-Ting, and 張卉婷. "The Association between Housing Price and Birth Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98m84g.
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碩士淡江大學
公共行政學系公共政策碩士班
102
This research attempts to investigate the association between real estate price and fertility behavior. The independent variable is Housing Price-Income-Ratio and the dependent variable is birth rate from six metro areas including Taipei City, New Taipei City, Taoyuan-Hsinchu County, Taichung City, Tainan City and Kaohsiung City in Taiwan , with time spanning from 2004 to 2012 to conduct empirical study. After controlling variables such as female labor participation, female education, unemployment rate, wedding rate, foreignmate ratio, self-owned housing ratio, and dragon year effect, this paper explores the relationship between variable of Housing Price-Income-Ratio, i.e. index to measure housing price, and birth rate. We employ method of PCSE (panel corrected standard error) to run regression analysis. Our empirical results indicate that real estate price is positively associated with birth rate in Taiwan. The result may be due to high degree of self-owned housing in Taiwan. The high-rising housing price increases “wealth effect” which prompt people to give birth actively.
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Chen, Pei-Whua, and 陳姵樺. "A Case Reasearch on Private Schools Management When Confronting the Low -birth Rate." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26276749727307109834.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
工業教育與技術學系
99
The main purposes of the research were to realize the management difficulties of private schools when confronting the low-birth rate and discuss the problem-solving methods that were used in the case before. Furthermore, according to the past strategies to find the competitive advantages for the case is also another goal. The research take a private school under impacts of the low-birth rate but still with high student number as the case study. Through the interviewers, participants , and document analysis for data collection. The interviewed people are from the members of the case school. The conclusions are as follows: 1. In the case, the management difficulties were: (1)impacts from the low-birth rate leads to the student number.(2)lack of management characteristics (3)changes of education policies.(4)the resistance from teachers to innovate (5) obstruction from parents. 2. In the case, the main strategies to solve the problems from low-birth rate were (1) enhance the ways to make the number of students increase (2) the improvements of teaching skill and so on. 3. In the case, competitive advantages were relied on theprincipal’s creative leadership, including (1) principal’s excellent leadership (2) table school policies (3) innovation of school administration (4) marketing strategies Finally, this researcher proposed some suggestions in three aspects: (1) school improvement; (2)educational administration institution; (3) future researches in this and related topics.
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Lin, Wan-jung, and 林宛蓉. "The Relationship between The Longevity, Low Birth Rate and Macroeconomic Variables-VAR Model." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20108665958065227663.
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碩士世新大學
財務金融學研究所(含碩專班)
99
This article uses 1971 Years to 2010 Year Taiwan general time series data, discussion of long life, less child and whether the macro-economic variables interact. We first conduct the unit root test for all variables in the empirical model. The data are number of births, male, females average residual life, labor, economic growth rates, savings rates, consumer price index, unemployment rate and the stock price index of all nine variables VAR model. VAR model test of causation, analysis of impulse response function and prediction error decomposition to long life and less of the child and the relationship between macro-economic variables. Empirical results show that in verification of causality, and rates of economic growth in the number of births, the number of births and the savings rate has two-way causal relationship, while the average residual life with no causal relationship to all variables. Through the impulse response function, overall by the variable to the number of births in the first 5 have positive and negative effects, but then approach zero; the variable impact on mean residual life is not quite approach zero. Through prediction error decomposition of a surname , born, mean residual life and labour of the number 1 itself explanations coercivity way deg maximum, and unemployment rates, stock indices and savings rates on its own explain low coercivity. Fewer children through empirical results, really impact the overall economic variables, if the future does not rise in the number of births falling, Taiwan's economy will impact; and long life to the overall economic impact is not significant in the study of the effect.
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Huang, Yu-Yi, and 黃郁宜. "Research on the Secondary School Empowerment of Management Caused by Low Birth Rate." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25348378856408324232.
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碩士義守大學
管理碩博士班
103
The purpose of this research is to explore how the empowerment of management of secondary school should be when facing the low birth rate. Documentary Analysis, Qualitative Research, and In-depth Interview were adopted to this research. There were three scholars, two administrators from Ministry of Education, and three secondary school principals interviewed. In accordance with the five Core Capabilities of Enterprise, including Producing Management, Marketing Management, Personnel Management, Research Management, and Finance Management, the content of the interview was designed into 10 aspects. Each aspect contains two issues so that the total issues are 20. The ten aspects to be explored in this research are as follows: Secondary School Management and Administration, Management Policy between City and Countryside Secondary Schools, Marketing Management Policy, Marketing Brand Positioning, Faculty and Staff, Teaching and Learning, Curriculum Design, Adjustment of Secondary School System, Finance Management and the Employment of Community Resources, etc. According to the five Core Capabilities of Enterprise, there are five conclusions induced as follows. 1. The whole school should face the music to work out specialties of the school, to shorten the difference of teaching and learning resources between city and country, and to alleviate the threat from students’ alternative selection so that the difficulty of secondary school management caused by low birth rate can be solved. 2. In the aspect of Marketing Management when facing the threat of fewer students, Marketing Brand Positioning and featuring school-based education are both necessities to steadily increase the number of students and to be distinguished from the others. 3. In the aspect of Faculty and Staff when facing the low birth rate, the school should cut down on the staff but build up the finest services. Simultaneously, It is absolutely vital for the school to foster our students with competence for the future. 4. In the aspect of Teaching and Learning when facing the low birth rate, the curriculum should be designed to foster students to be creative and self-regulated. The school system can be multiple or make a transformation; however, it might be the best way to maintain the current system in a multiple types of curriculum. 5. In the aspect of Finance Management when facing the low birth rate, the school has to not only cut the budget down but also find possible way to dynamically adjust the tuition fee. The school can bring in and combine related community resources or make good use of university network to develop school-based characteristics. Last but not the least, according to the findings and results, the research mainly provided related tips for educational organizations, secondary schools, and follow-up researchers as a reference.
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Chen, Li, and 陳儷. "Operation Strategy for Breakthrough of Low Birth Rate Dilemma by Private Nursery School." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45862933838052367177.
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碩士玄奘大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
101
With the gradual reducing birth rate in Taiwan, many nursery schools are difficult to recruit enough children and even forced to close. This study aims to explore what operation dilemmas are among the nursery schools and how to adjust and improve their operation structure under the impact from an environment of low birth rate. After study, we found that the nursery school should not only adjust their structure but also work out an operation strategy for meeting the needs from the customers (i.e. parents) to survive, grow and thrive.
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TSENG-CHUN-WEN and 曾俊文. "Future Strategies for Classroom Management Coping with Low Birth Rate in Elementary School." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05783252086122001450.
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碩士佛光大學
未來學系
99
The classroom management is important future issues for elementary education. It is closely related to environmental change. The purpose of this study is to know how the elementary school teachers make adjustment about the future strategy of classroom management with trend of low birth rate.Through literature review and discussion with expert teachers, we made an empirical study with an elementary school in I-Lan County. With classroom management strategies analyzed by （Analytivc Hieraachy Process, AHP）, we also made some suggestions for elementary school teachers. The main findings are as following: 1. The conceptual framework of classroom management strategy consists of three layers, the first layer is the ultimate goal of classroom management. The second layer consists of the five dimensions of classroom management, including "teaching activity","enhancing relatives’ awareness and daily-life norms","increasing careness with others and improving human relationship","promoting positive personality and self-growth","protecting the right of teachers". Under each dimension of the second layer, we make a third layer with twenty-seven classroom management strategies. We also downsize of strategy numbers to seven and make new ranking with seven strategies. 2. The top seven strategies selected by AHP are "an active careness about student learning","impartial handling student’s disputes and to give an opportunity education"," to review student’s mistakes and misconduct with students together","prudent management of student mistakes","to discuss the behavior norm and implement with students together", " to downsize the class students with low birthrate trend ", "to review classroom management strategies from time to time". 3. The conceptual framework had been proved to be pratical The top seven strategies change their original priority after new pairwise comparision. Therefore, different methods have different decision-making results in this study. of the case. 4. The low birthrate issue for junior high school or high school is worthy to study their future strategies. In addition, if there are more case studies for elementary school, it will be able to expand the application of this conceptual framework. Fuzzy AHP has its positive value for this future issue.
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Lin, Yu-Yo, and 林育猷. "Factors Influencing Aging Population and Declining Birth Rate and their Impact onEconomic Growth." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95892558297575712141.
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碩士南開科技大學
福祉科技與服務管理所
100
1.Objectives The main purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to explore the impact of societal factor, economic factor and technology factor on fertility ; (2) to investigate the impact of aging population and low fertility on the economic growth. 2.Materials and Methods Data used in this study come from various databases from the Taiwan-Fukien demographic report, Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Ministry of the Interior, and Department of Health. We utilized the vector error correction model (VECM) to analyze factors influencing the female fertility, and simulated its impact on the economic growth using the prediction of Taiwan’s population structure from 2010 to 2060 announced by the Council for Economic Planning and Development. 3.Results Our empirical results showed that the societal factor (female college graduation rate, and female labor force participation rate) has a negative impact on female fertility, but economic factor (GDP per capita), and technology factor (ratio of medical spending to GDP) have a positive impact on fertility(not statistically significant for technology factor ). The negative impact of low fertility on economic growth was predicted on the year of 2018 based on various (high and middle) predictions of the ratio of 15-64 population to all population. Namely, the decrease of the ratio of 15-64 population to all population is not able to maintain the status of a zero economic growth within the coming 6 years. 4.Conclusion According to the results from this study, we conclude that the government should focus on how to reduce the cost of childbearing for the female workers in order to have a win-win situation for promoting fertility and increasing labor participation. In addition, the education reform should emphasize how to reduce the years of formal education and provide multiple-programs for the formal education in order to conflict with the best female childbearing age. Finally, the extension of retirement age, and recruitment of international labor forces are necessary ways to reduce the impact of low fertility on the economic growth.
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Wu, Ya-lin, and 吳亞琳. "The low birth rate driven by the pet market Opportunities and coping strategies." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71731103180566635542.
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碩士國立中山大學
經濟學研究所
100
The low birth rate is a global trend Taiwan has entered the low birth rate society! The low birth rate have a deep impact not only on individuals, families, society, nation, or even a whole industry. According to the Ministry of the Interior (2010) data show that the total fertility rate of women in our country from 1960 to 1965 of 4.825, down to 0.895 in 2000-2010, fertility rates highest in the world of the reciprocal of the first, even more than the aging neighbor country Japan is even lower. Estimated to 105 years of the Republic of Taiwan''s population will probably enter "zero growth"! Today''s changing social structures, not married and no children of the proportion continues to increase, the motives of the pet is not just for economic or practical purposes, but accompanied by the emotional pets and owners to produce a interdependent relationship. Their beloved pet is willing to increase spending, thus creating a huge consumer market. Expected in the future, the fertility rate continued low standard of people keeping pets will be more market demand for more vigorous, it is bound to create more pet business opportunities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the low birth rate to bring the pet business opportunities, "the case of its competitors, strengths and weaknesses and its opportunities and threats SWOT analysis to understand the circumstances of its comparative advantage. Furthermore, the use of the SWOT matrix analysis graph matching, correlation analysis of the pet industry, summed up the advantages and disadvantages of the pet industry, combined with the related policy analysis theory. Finally, conclusions and provide recommendations in the strategy of the industry. This study eventually granted to the following six factors suggested that the industry reference in the business: (一) management style (二) market segment (三) education and training (四) strategic alliance (五) Promotion (六) pet related systems and laws Keywords: low birth rate, fertility, pet, business opportunities, the SWOT, the pet industry
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Mashego, M. P. A. "Survival of very low birth and extreme low birth weight infants at Mankweng Neonatal Care Unit." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2930.
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Thesis (M.Med. (Paediatrics and Child Health)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019Objectives To determine the prevalence and survival rate; and to assess the maternal risk factors as well as complications of prematurity, associated with the mortality of very low and extremely low birth weight infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Mankweng Hospital. Materials and Methods A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the NICU of Mankweng Hospital for a 7-month period from 1st January to 31st July 2015. The patient medical records and the Perinatal Problem Identification Programme (PPIP) data were used for the study. Results Prevalence of prematurity was 23%, Infants weighing between 500g-1499g represented 6.3% of the total live births and 25% of the admissions to the NICU; of which 4.9% were classified as extremely low birth weight (ELBW). Overall 77% of the study population survived until discharge. From the medical records, the survival to discharge of infants with weight 500g - 999g was 52%; and 84% for those with weight 1000g-1499g. Multivariable analysis found that improved survival was associated with an increase in gestational age (p <0.001), as well as birth weight (p <0.001) and prolonged length of stay. Variables associated with poor survival were spontaneous preterm labour (p = 0.031), low Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes (p <0.001), sepsis (p = 0.001), respiratory distress syndrome (p <0.001), pulmonary hemorrhage (p <0.001), hypothermia (P = 0.005), resuscitation at birth (p = 0.002) and necrotising enterocolitis (p =0.044). Antenatal steroids were not associated with survival (p =0.111), however this was not documented in 53%(134/252) of the records, so the non-significance to outcome in this study may not be a true reflection. The use of NCPAP or SiPAP only was associated with improved survival of up to 69% and high mortality rates were recorded in babies who required invasive ventilator support. Multi-organ immaturity was found to be the most common cause of death, followed by sepsis. Conclusion: The prevalence and survival rates of very low and extremely low birth weight, found in this study are comparable to those found in other tertiary hospitals in South Africa. The survival rate of ELBW babies is low and must be improved. Reliable data and further research should address effective steps to prevent preterm labour, extreme prematurity and hypothermia. The documentation and provision of antenatal steroids is encouraged. KEY CONCEPTS: Prematurity, Extremely low and Very low birth weight, Risk factors, Prevalence, Survival, Neonatal mortality rate.
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Pai, Ching-Chi, and 白菁琪. "Does Crude Birth Rate Changes Affect Equity Risk Premiums?Evidence from the OECD G7." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/khzz6a.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
財務金融學研究所
101
This paper focuses on the OECD G7 to examine whether the crude birth rate can predict the equity risk premium at short and long horizons. We use pooled data sets, and the periods cover from 1960 to 2009. We employ the crude birth rate as our demographic variable, and control the dividend yield, the term spread, the continuously compounded change in aggregate consumption as our financial variables to construct model I. In model II, we add the country dummies and use the U.S. as the base. We find the evidence that crude birth rates are significant and negatively correlated with equity risk premiums at long horizons in both models. At the 20-year horizon, the adjusted R square, 28.78%, is the highest and then begins to decline in model I. And the influence of crude birth rates on equity risk premiums is the strongest at the 30-year horizon with the coefficient of CBR (the crude birth rate) comes to -0.0447. From our empirical results, we infer that during the period that children from birth to 20 years of age, parents tend to reduce stock investments which causes outflows from the stock market and further decreases equity risk premiums.
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Chen, Mao-Song, and 陳茂松. "The Study on the Low Birth Rate Impact towards the Development of Kindergarten Education." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96010306820997626733.
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碩士致遠管理學院
教育研究所
96
The purpose of this study is to explore the impacts of the low birth rate towards the development of kindergarten education and the coping strategies to the low birth rate impact. This study adopts the semi-structural interviews as the tool. After interviewing ten educational stakeholders, the findings are as below： 1.The impacts of the low birth rate towards the development of kindergarten education： （1）To practice small-class teaching, to make the school fineness, and to increase more interactions between the schools, parents, and the community. （2） To increase the expenditure on education, to mend the problems of the unequal distribution on education resources, and to reuse/redistribute the idle resources and facilities. （3）To increase the interactions between teachers and students, to emphasize on the individual differences between students, and to improve teaching quality and learning efficiency. （4） The falling numbers of school children and the imbalanced supply of teachers influences the educational quality. （5） Kindergartens face the management crisis of closing. In addition, how to manage and to maintain the idle facilities becomes a problem to kindergartens. （6） Teachers feel more pressure due to the increasing number of only children. In addition, the diverse of the family background will enlarge, which will make the learning effect more different. 2.The coping strategies to the low birth rate on the development of kindergarten education： （1）To build the long-term population database of children, and evaluate and update periodically. （2） To draw out the detailed plan of closing or management changing. （3）To adjust the teacher preparation policy, including reducing the number of the quasi-teachers, and adjusting the coping strategies to the imbalanced supply of teachers.. （4） To set up special featured kindergartens. （5） To redistribute and reuse the idle facilities and resources, one can use them as specific classrooms, social-educating centers, holiday and characterized schools. （6） To decrease the student number of the class, and to elevate the head count of faculty. （7） To emphasize on accountability, to change principals’ leadership, to focus on public relations, to establish school features, and to increase the student number of each school. （8） To cope with the increase numbers of the only child, one can develop individual-differences teaching, adaptive subject contents and teaching mode . （9） To evaluate teacher’s professional independence, and to strengthen the refresher course system for teachers. Based on the conclusion mentioned, this study offers the suggestions of the low birth rate impact towards the development of kindergarten education to the education administration authorities and kindergartens.
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CHIU, CHIN-HSIN, and 邱琴心. "Research Regarding the Management of Cram Schools and the Impact of Lowering Birth Rate." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76936433939330274536.
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碩士樹德科技大學
經營管理研究所
96
The purpose of this research is to explore the status of current lower birth rate and the impact it has on existing cram schools. The main purpose is to provide cram schools with references and results of the research regarding different managing methods. The personal interview method was adopted. Owners, students, and parents were interviewed and complete data recorded. This method allows the interviewer to ask pertinent questions to gather and record current data. This is followed by conclusions and suggestions for cram school managers. Cram school owners may use the information to find solutions concerning the following areas: management strategy, teacher loyalty, student achievement, parent involvement and alliances with other cram schools. The cram schools that are willing to adjust their management strategy in accordance with their ability, and will strive to meet their future goals using the guidelines set forth in this research, should be able to endure the crisis brought about by the lowering birth rate. If the manager's perception of the problem is incorrect, it is likely that their decisions regarding the proper solution will also be incorrect. If the manager chooses to adopt the suggestions set forth in this research, the opportunity of solving existing problems should be increased.
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Huang, Yu-Chi, and 黃玉琪. "The Study of Marketing Strategies Adopted in Elementary Schools Toward the Low Birth Rate." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7cx99p.
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碩士僑光科技大學
企業管理研究所
102
Owing to today's highly competitive environment and low birth rate, in addition to word of mouth and the elite schools, students in most schools shows a recession, or even a substantial decline. If schools want to get survived or even contrarian the growth opportunities, they must establish an effective marketing strategy to make the number of enrolling students close to or even surpass the number of the student-should-be in certain area under a certain process. We collect data through questionnaires and use statistical methods to make a proper assessment of the parents’ awareness and satisfaction of the marketing strategies. The conclusion shows that first, both parents’ awareness and satisfaction of the marketing strategies are low. Second, parents of different backgrounds show no difference in awareness. Third, the satisfaction of the marketing strategies shows differences or no difference based on parents’ different backgrounds. Fourth, the relationship between awareness and satisfaction is positive.
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CHIEN, SHUI-YUNG, and 簡水勇. "A Study of the Phenomenon of Low Birth Rate on the Entire Educational Development." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/brsm6c.
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碩士國立中正大學
戰略暨國際事務研究所
103
With the changing social patterns, the phenomenon of low birth rate apparently becomes the unavoidable tendency in all the advanced countries in the world. According to the report on the estimated population from 2006 to 2051 by the Council for Economic Planning and Development, the growth rate of the total population in Taiwan will decline from positive growth into negative growth. And it will also accelerate the aging population in Taiwan. The first is that Taiwan’s education field faces many chaos. Many thorny problems appear individually. Being engaged in educational service for many years, declining birthrate phenomenon like time bombs will explode one by one in the foreseeable future. Without the positive and effective solutions, the overall educational development and competitive power of the nation will be affected and threatened. Therefore, how to deal with the challenge from the society of fewer young people and more aged people in the future is indeed the critical issue that the Taiwan Government should pay attention to. The phenomenon of low birth rate is related to all aspects such as politics, economy, education, social issues, and cultural differences. The researcher finds that the main causes are as follows: the formation of thoughts that unmarried young people are unwilling to get married ; the declining percentage of couples’ getting married; the switch in attitudes toward giving birth and educating kids; the dilemma faced by career women in taking care of both jobs and family affairs; the financial burden of breeding and educating kids; and the insufficient resources and less supportive surroundings provided for breeding and educating kids. The expectation that raising kids is the feedback guaranty in the future is obviously collapsed and decreases the motivation to give birth to babies. Taiwan has long been no comprehensive population policy. And it has been successful in promoting family planning, population growth gain its control. Together with the recent poor economic environment, resulting in deteriorated condition to have children, most people choose not to marry or not to have children. This makes Taiwan’s low birth rate to be a serious problem. Low birth rate problem either for individuals or whole in terms of education level, the impact of low birth rate brings more drawbacks than advantages. If Taiwan’s Government has failed to actively solve the problem, in the short term it might affect Taiwan’s labor force, in the long term it may cause the collapse of the social security system.It can even lead to the demise of the country. And to solve the problem of low birth rate, we should get a thorough understanding of the real causes of the problem of low birth rate. We have to clarify why men and women of childbearing age are not willing to have more babies, do not want babies, have difficult pregnancy, and even infertility. We should request our country to exclude these problems and construct relevant laws to solve the real causes of low birth rate. In addition, the people are the country’s fundamental. A country will not exist without people. The quality of the people can allow Taiwan to shine in the stage of the world. So we have to improve educational quality, and the quality of educational sites. We should train talents in various fields. This can increase the overall literacy of our people.
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SHIH, YU-WEI, and 史育瑋. "Regional Differences of the Impact of Low Birth Rate on Higher Education in Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p763fk.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄師範大學
地理學系
105
This study investigates the regional differences in the effect of Taiwan’s low birth rate on its higher education in relation to the problem of supply and demand confronting higher education institutions as a result of the low birth rate. Due to the declining source of students, many private schools are facing a serious crisis in their operation. Since the population and universities and colleges are not evenly distributed in Taiwan, regional differences are the focus of investigation of this study. This study attempts to explore the extent to which the enrolment quota and registration rate of universities and colleges are affected by the low birth rate, through sorting out the information and statistical data from related units of the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Education, and the College Entrance Examination Center; and presents the research results by means of mapping analysis and charts. The research results show that the ratio of young population in Taiwan has been in steady decline, that of the elderly population has been increasing steadily, and that of the young adult population has reached its limit. Although the downward slide of the birth rate has slowed down in recent years, its effects remain. The decline in the school-age population will continue to impact higher education. A general look at all the counties and cities in the whole country shows that only in the Kinmen-Matsu Area is the phenomenon of low birth rate less obvious. As a result of the low birth rate, the student-age population for higher education has obviously declined. Take 2016 as an example. University enrollment shortages spread mainly among the schools in northern Taiwan. It was not concentrated in the non-urban areas, but rather in areas with more schools and greater enrolment quotas; among them, private technical and vocational colleges of lower ranking were most affected. In recent years, the low birth rate has also resulted in the decline in enrolment quota. At the same time, the registration rate showed two different developments in relation to school types, with public schools enjoying slight annual increase, while private ones showing a tendency of decline. In addition, schools with less than 60% registration rate in 2016 were more numerous in northern Taiwan, but the difference with those in central and southern Taiwan was not great.
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Fei-Huan, Liu, and 劉妃圜. "Policies for the Trend of Low Birth Rate in Taiwan: Japan as an Example." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51779641687111422411.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立暨南國際大學
公共行政與政策學系
97
Due to the socio-economic changes, the decreasing population of children is a common phenomenon in the advanced countries. Population decline becomes an unavoidable destiny. The developed countries have a remarkable decline in total fertility rates (TFR), meaning that the countries will inevitably face the problems of negative population growth and an aging society. Japanese TFR was 1.26 in 2005, which was the lowest level among East Asian countries. Taiwan used to have a very high fertility rate in the early 1950s. Along with the rapid industrial and commercial development, Taiwan began to face the same population problems as those happened in Japan. A sharp drop in fertility rate occurred in 1983. Fertility rate kept declining from 7.04 to less than the replacement level (2.1 children per woman) during the period from 1951 to 1985. It continued the decreasing trend though with some fluctuations, to 1.10 births per woman in 2007. Needless to say, the declining birth rate of Taiwan is even worse than that of Japan. A continuous decline in the number of children per family will be an unavoidable trend for Taiwan’s society. Such demographic changes would cause many serious problems as the crises in public pension system, labor shortage, economic recession, and loss of societal vitality. This will have a great, direct impact not only on population policy, but also on healthcare, financial, industrial, education, agricultural, social and other policy areas. Feasible policy measures need to be offered in all these areas to contend with the population decline and the rise of aging population. The peak of Japanese baby boom appeared after the Second World War, the TFR was approximately 5.0 at that time. After a quick transition, TFR stayed around the replacement level of fertility until the mid-1970s. The total fertility rate of Japan dropped to 1.29 in 2003, which is called “The Ultra Low Birth Rate Country”. The fertility declined to 1.25 in 2005, which is the lowest ever recorded in Japanese vital statistics history. The Japanese government was shocked with the TFR of 1.57 in 1989 and launched a variety of prenatal policy measures to cope with the declining fertility in 1990. Measures applied by the central government included expansion of child allowance, tax relief, maternity leave, childcare leave and improvement in childcare services, etc. Japan has established an example in prenatal policy measures. Japanese fertility rate rose gradually, which means governmental policy interventions have been successful in preventing further fertility decline. The low birth rate issue relates to many aspects of society, economy, culture, and so on. There are plenty of reasons for couple to not want to raise children. Its primary factors are a fall in marriage rates, a fall in marital fertility, cohort marriage postponement and an increase in the proportions never married. Financial difficulties have long been the most important factor for couples don’t want children. The salary of ordinary people has stagnated since the past decade but commodity price increased each year. Especially, raising a child costs large amounts of money. Moreover, Taiwan did not offer her people with a good welfare program. Another reason is that the traditional Chinese values have been dramatically changing. The new generations prefer enjoying their own life to raising a child. Under the low compatibility between working-mother and childrearing, the growth in female labor force participation had a significant negative impact on fertility. Women face a dilemma between career and family. It is essential that government should provide daycare services and public support of childrearing for working mother. The low birth rate can cause more severe problems for the country in the future. The government should develop a series of policy intervention. In order to solve the problems, it is necessary to adopt practical measures to encourage couple to have children. Those who wish to have children but are unable to do so should be helped to fulfill their wish. A universal, diverse and convenient system of high-quality care and education services for infants and small children needs to be made available to reduce the burden of parenthood. Such approaches should offer the most effective means of achieving population goals without imposing too heavy a burden on government finances. The related departments of government need to work together to find the best way that can encourage people to raise children. The child care policies of Japan started early, which was pioneer in East Asian countries. Comparing with Japan, Taiwan needs the integration of prenatal policies. The purpose of this study is to investigate a series of child care policies and the characteristics of those policies in recent Japan. The research results can be a useful reference to cope with the problem of low birth rate and for the development of prenatal policy measures in Taiwan.
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MO, SHU-CHUN, and 莫淑淳. "Under the Low Birth Rate, A Study on School Innovative Management and School Efficacy." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49890282174371784476.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華大學
科技管理學系碩士班
98
The study aims to understand the current status of school innovation management and school efficacy in public elementary school in Taichung County when the birth rate is low. The study also analyzes teachers’ perception differences in terms of individual person’s background, and then investigates the predictability of school innovative management to school efficacy. The study uses questionnaires under the title of “Under the Low Birth Rate, A Study on School Innovative Management and School Efficacy Questionnaire” as the tool. 440 teachers of public elementary school in Taichung County were involved. Among them, 282 valid samples were collected for analysis through descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA and MSRA. Results are as follows: 1. Taichung County public elementary school teachers’ perception toward low birth rate’ influence on school innovation management have reached a middle level. Among them, “School Activity Innovation” scores the highest level. 2. Taichung County public elementary school teachers’ perception toward low birth rate’s influence on school efficacy has reached a middle level. Among them, “Teacher’s Teaching Efficacy ” scores the highest level. 3. As to Taichung County public elementary school teachers’ perception toward low birth rate’ influence on school innovation management, there are significant differences in terms of their job positions and school history. Among them, teachers responsible for administrative jobs or teaching for more than 51 years of school history have higher preception. 4. Taichung County public elementary school teachers working in different job position have more significant different conception toward school efficacy. Among them, teachers working also for administrative jobs at the same time have relatively high perception. Teachers’ with different education backgrounds, school sizes, or school history have significant differences. Among them, teachers with university or normal school education background have higher perception toward teachers’ teaching efficacy and students’ performance. History teachers in schools with 16-35 classes and 21-50 classes have higher perception toward students’ performance efficacy. 5. School’s innovation management can predict school’s efficacy well. Among varying factors, “School Environment Innovation” has the biggest influence.
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Chi, Jung-chuan, and 紀榮全. "A Study on Wind Instruments of Experiential Marketing in the low birth rate phenomenon." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73512136268194818068.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
管理研究所碩士班
95
The steady decline of birth rates in recent years has impacted many businesses, the music education business with its market centering around children has directly suffered in areas such as the sales of musical instruments. Since this social phenomenon will continue to challenge the country’s instrument industry, this research hopes to formulate appropriate guidelines and strategies for sales and promotional techniques to adequately adapt to upcoming changes. This research uses open questionnaires to gather information for analysis, the primary research subjects are parents of Koashiung elementary school students. The questionnaires were presented and collected on site during February and March 2006, 130 questionnaires were given out and all were returned; 125 were effective with an effective rate of 95.15%. The SPSS software was used as the analysis tool and the Descriptive Statistics、Chi-Square Tests were the two method of statistic analysis applied. The research results indicate that most children had no training in the piano; those who have began their training from the age of 5 and below to the age of 8 with roughly 50% of these continued their training in the piano up to the time of the research. The majority of the children do not have training in instruments other than the piano. The answers of the questionnaires also show that most children do not have any other talent training, but of those who have the majority have some training in art and drawing. The research data indicate that most parents would enrol their children in free musical activities; with payment, the majority of the parents would continue to allow to their children to participate once a week for 90 minutes with a bimonthly fee of less than 1500NTD. The research suggests a feasible future operating model for business owner: a flexible assembly of music groups consisting of a single musical instrument from 10 to 20 members without relying on school compensations. Since the participant of the music groups will pay to learn music, this offers students of the schools a chance to learn instruments without taxing or depending on the school budget.
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Wang, Yih-Chu, and 王益初. "The Prediction Analysis of the Impact of theDeclining Birth Rate on the Tourist Population." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36369252969006683456.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
休閒事業管理系碩士班
99
Theme parks play an important role in the tourism industry. They not only facilitate a vibrant local economy, but they also promote tourism and its related industries such as transportation, food and beverage and hotel business. The domestic tourism industry has once been very prosperous. With the new entrepreneurs joining in the theme park business, instead of increasing, the tourist population actually decreases. A research by the government has shown that the major visitors to the theme parks are adolescents and young adults. Taking a look at the population structure, our country and other advanced countries are all facing the threat of the declining birthrate. According to a statistic, the population of 12-24-year-old has reduced 904,984 people from 1980 to 2009. The demographic changes may result in the major factors in determining the number of theme park visitors. The study applies the SHAZAM Software and uses Flexible Least Squares (FLS) to establish a prediction model for estimating the number of theme park visitors. The result estimates that the tourist population will reduce approximately 1,250,000 people in the five years from 2012 to 2016. The study also hypothesizes that Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Gross National Product (GNP) are cross impact factors. By comparison and estimation, it reveals that the higher the annual rate of GNP grows, the higher the estimated values of the tourist numbers will be obtained. An increase of the annual growth rate of CPI will also result in the reduction of the tourist population. Unless the economic growth rate maintains high, and the Consumer Price Index is retrained, the tourist population of theme park will gradually reduce year by year due to the declining birthrate.
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Huang, Yu-Lin, and 黃玉麟. "Research on Management Tactics for Elementary Schools in Yilan County with Decreasing Birth Rate." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33949750237678105998.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
教育行政與管理學系
99
Research on Management Tactics for Elementary Schools in Yilan County with Decreasing Birth Rate Advisor: Dr. Jin-Sheng Liang Student: Yu-Lin Huang Abstract This research aims to firstly understand the current situation of and issues related to the management tactics of elementary schools in Yilan County under the circumstance of decreasing birth rate, and secondly provide conclusions and suggestions as future references. The method of Questionnaire Survey is adopted, hence a set of questionnaires, Research on Management Tactics for Public Elementary Schools in Yilan County under Decreasing Birth Rate, are dispensed to the faculties including school principals, teachers with administrative duties, and teachers without administrative duties. 330 out of 351 questionnaires are returned; the effective returns-ratio is 94.02％. Statistic instruments, such as mean, standard deviation, t-Test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, etc., are employed to analyze all the data collected, and produce the following conclusions. 1.As far as the faculties of elementary schools in Yilan County are concerned, the overall administrative management as well as teaching management tactics are highly satisfactory. Although the faculties identify less with “Implementing Performance Management” and “Advancing Strategic Alliances”, the results are still satisfactory. 2.Some significant differences between administrative management and teaching management tactics occur among faculties with different backgrounds. As far as administrative management tactics are concerned, different genders, seniority of services, and job posts produce significant differences regarding; different academic backgrounds, location and scale of schools, and decreasing birth rate, no significant difference. As far as teaching management tactics are concerned, different genders, seniority of services, job posts, and the scale of schools produce significant differences; different academic backgrounds, location of schools, and decreasing birth rate, no significant differences. Furthermore, school principals are more aware than teachers of both administrative management and teaching management tactics. 3.A significant positive correlation is found between the awareness of administrative management tactics and that of teaching management tactics regarding the faculties of elementary schools in Yilan County. The following suggestions are proposed to elementary schools according to the aforementioned conclusions: 1.Pursuing innovation and reformation; implementing performance management 2.Advancing strategic alliances; developing community-based school characteristics 3.Reinforcing internal communication and negotiation; creating quality school culture Keywords: Decreasing Birth Rate, Elementary School(s), Management Tactic(s)
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Lin, Yun-Chen, and 林昀臻. "A Research on Management Strategies for University Under the Era of Decreasing Birth Rate." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13065746527165420233.
Full textAbstract:
碩士慈濟大學
教育研究所
101
This Research aimed to understand the current administration strategies and implementations for T University in order to cope with trend of lesser children, where opinions gathered from staff, teachers and students with different backgrounds in regards to the impacts of lesser children on the operation of the school were analyzed. This study was conducted with questionnaire survey method, where the survey form entitled "Survey on the impact of lesser children towards the university administration strategy" was used Research population include all educational personnel (administrators, and teachers), as well as undergraduate students from year one to four of T university in the academic year 101. A total of 208 and 1349 forms were distributed to educational personnel and undergraduate students respectively. Of those, 166 valid responses were received from the educational personnel, while 961 valid responses were by the students. In order to enrich the research results, a semi-structured interviews to educators were conducted. The findings for this study were as follows: 1.The T University’s administration strategies performed well even under the trend of lesser children. 2.There was no significant difference in the awareness of T University administration strategy for educational personnel respondents with different backgrounds (gender, level of education, years of service, faculties, duties, administrative rank, teachers rank). 3.There was no significant difference in the awareness of T University administration business strategy for student respondents of different gender. 4.There was significant difference in the awareness of T University administration strategy for student respondents from different faculties. 5.There was significant difference in the awareness of T University administration strategy for student respondents with different year of study. 6.There was no significant difference in the awareness of T University administration strategy for student respondents who entered the university through different admission methods. 7.There was partial significant difference in perception towards the impacts of lesser children on T University administration strategy between both educational personnel and student respondents. Here were some recommendations based on the study results: 1.Suggestions for the university: actively pursue innovative administrative management, use of media for local marketing strategy, develop the university's unique identity, improve parents' recognition of the university, improve efficiency of administrative services, encourage participation of university affairs, and finally, promote strategic alliances and integration of resources. 2.Suggestions for the government and education authority: focus on population planning, promote and emphasize on parental benefits policies, and lastly, setting up guidelines for the consolidation or withdrawal of university faculty.
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Zhen, Yu-Meng, and 余孟甄. "A Case Study of the Coping Strategies among Primary Schools for Low Birth Rate." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87312984966274550833.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
教育行政與管理學系
99
Abstract The purpose of this study is to understand the causes for the phenomenon of low birth rate and its impact on education, and then develop an appropriate set of strategic procedures to cope with low birth rate for the case-studied schools. After exploring related literatures and collecting opinions proposed by teachers, we concluded 10 reference dimensions and 50 reference principles, which were used for the case-studied schools’ choosing of the best strategies to cope with low birth rate. Then, through “Questionnaire of Preferred Feasible Strategies”, teachers at the studied schools selected their preferred standards. What follows was the analysis of data utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The top seven most important standards selected (by order of importance): Enhancement of character education (21%), binding school teams and creating new consensus (16.8%), regular communication with parents for education philosophy (16.5%), holding remedial teaching (13.7%), supports from administers (13.1%), creating a characteristiczed school (11.5%) and providing space for education activities (7.5%). Following the result, a self-evaluation form of strategies of coping low birth rate specific for studied schools was developed. Finally, through focus group interview, teachers’ opinion about the participating experience and the self-evaluation form were unveiled. The results of this study became principles for policy making and references for the developing of strategies to cope with the low-birth-rate situation.