Relevant bibliographies by topics / Birth control – Religious aspects – Catholic Church

Academic literature on the topic 'Birth control – Religious aspects – Catholic Church'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Birth control – Religious aspects – Catholic Church"

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Mattice, Shannon. "The Birth Control Debate: 1930s-1940s." Theory in Action 14, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2111.

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Throughout the 1930s and 1940s birth control became a part of a larger social problem that spanned across political and religious lines. Due to economic issues caused by the Great Depression, bringing children into the world was no longer a feasible dream for many families that already struggled with providing for themselves and any children they already had. The Comstock Laws prevented women from seeking out contraceptive methods to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Men, however, were encouraged during World War II to use contraceptives to prevent pregnancies. While white women were not being given choices on their own reproductive rights, women of color in the South were being forced into sterilization programs. These programs highlight the authority men had over women’s agency at the time. The role of the church at the time is also explored as the Protestant and the Catholic church had drastically different views on the use of birth control.
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Pozzi, Lucia. "The regulation of public morality and eugenics: a productive alliance between the Catholic Church and Italian Fascism." Modern Italy 25, no. 3 (July 23, 2020): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2020.37.

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Historical research acknowledges only cursorily the Catholic contribution to eugenics. Yet there is a substantial link between Catholic discourses on morality and the emergence of Italian eugenics. In this essay I argue that sexual normalisation was a key source of consensus. Masculine and patriarchal values strengthened the strategic collaboration between Fascist demographic policies, the Italian interpretation of eugenics, and Catholic doctrine. I draw on archival and printed material to show that the control of public morality and the support for reproduction met both Catholic and Fascist interests. In particular, I focus on the alliance between the State and the Catholic Church working against ‘the contraceptive mentality’. Mussolini wanted to stimulate religious sentiment as a basis for the fight against depopulation. The Catholic Church desired a set of laws against immorality, birth control and abortion. In this way, Fascism and the Catholic Church found a solid cultural agreement around restoring traditional mores, patriarchal values, and gender hierarchy.
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McNAMARA, PATRICK H. "American Catholicism in the Mid-Eighties: Pluralism and Conflict in a Changing Church." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 480, no. 1 (July 1985): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716285480001006.

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The decade of the 1970s saw continuing changes in American Catholicism as Catholics' religious beliefs and practices persisted in a decline that began in the mid-1960s. In the 1980s, issues of personal morality are salient among indicators of declining belief, particularly such issues as birth control, divorce with remarriage, and premarital sex. Yet there are signs of vitality in other respects: Catholic schools have grown in enrollment, charismatic and pentecostal groups have increased, and lay participation in liturgical functions is now a familiar feature of Catholic worship. The institutional church, as represented by the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, has adopted a critical stance toward American nuclear war strategy and recently toward the American economy for its neglect of the poor and unemployed. These stances occasion conflict both within the church, as Catholic groups organize to oppose them, and between the church, as represented by the bishops, and policies at the national level. A pluralistic model of the church in the 1980s would predict continuing individualism in religious beliefs and practice, and conflict on the institutional level, with considerable cost to the authority of the Catholic hierarchy.
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Machin, G. I. T. "Marriage and the Churches in the 1930s: Royal Abdication and Divorce Reform, 1936–7." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 42, no. 1 (January 1991): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002204690000258x.

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In a general history of modern England A. J. P. Taylor stated that by the 1920s England ‘had ceased to be, in any real sense, a Christian nation’. He was no doubt referring to declining membership and attendance figures in most Protestant Churches (not the Roman Catholic Church), and may have been implying that there had been substantial abandonment of traditional belief. In regard to traditional morality, based on Christian precepts, he found greater laxity but no very noticeable decline; and this conclusion seems to be generally supported by Church experience in trying to uphold established morality in the inter-war years. Church assembly records and church newspapers show constant concern with familiar moral enemies such as drunkenness and gambling, and possible new dangers in the shape of films, broadcasting and information about birth control. Gambling was increasing because of the popularity of football pools and greyhound racing, but drunkenness appeared less common than before 1914, and the cinema was reasonably harmless (a Cinema Christian Council and other bodies striving to keep it so), as also was television when its broadcasts began in 1936. None the less, the general decline in church attendance was an indication of an increasingly secularised society in which the Churches, taken as a whole, had diminishing influence, and arguably this had a weakening effect on traditional morality.
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Arzumanov, I. A. "Ethno-Confessional and Geopolitical Aspects of Intercultural Communication in Eastern Siberia in the Late 20th and Early 21th Centurу: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 38 (2021): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2021.38.99.

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The study is aimed at considering theoretical and empirical issues of intercultural communication in Eastern Siberia at the end of the 20–21 centuries in ethno-confessional and geopolitical aspects. To achieve this research task the author has considered theoreticalmethodological and structural-functional aspects of intercultural communication in the ethnoconfessional space of the East-Siberian region. The methodological correlation of the processes of intercultural communication and integration intentions of state policy in the ideological sphere of public relations has been analyzed. Their targets in macro-social communication processes are socio-political stability and minimization of deviations based on ethnic and confessional affiliation through the implementation of organizational and legal forms of state functions. The conclusions have been made about actualization and basic nature of the anthropocultural approach, when considering the functional relationship of state power and state policy in the field of religious space. On the basis of the missionary intentions of the Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox Churches, the object-subject and subjective parameters of the structure of legal communication have been determined, taking into account the geopolitical characteristics of state control over the unity of the sociocultural space. Interfaith communication problems between the Russian Orthodox Church and Roman Catholicism in Russia have worsened due to the proselytizing activities of the Roman Catholic Church in the East Siberian and Far Eastern regions and the lack of an elaborate regulatory framework enabling the government to control ideological space
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Yarotskiy, Petro L. "Issues of marriage and family with regard in the context of woman’s innovative role in Catholic Church." Religious Freedom, no. 21 (December 21, 2018): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/rs.2018.21.1221.

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The article is based on the value of the human personality and the principle of mercy proposed by Pope Francis. It explores the threats to the modern functioning of the Catholic Church in the context of globalization and secularization of the issues of marriage and family that were submitted to discussion and decision-making by the Extraordinary Synod of the Catholic Church Bishops holding in 2014 – 2016 in Rome. The work of this Synod proved the conservatism and the lack of readiness of the synodal bishops to resolve the crisis situation with modern family which was assessed by Francis as a crisis of synodality and the bishops’ opposition to the modern Catholic Church reform. In order to overcome these negative factors Pope Francis decided to change in a categorical way the current salutation with the clergy's frames formation and processing of an innovative "theology of women" which would become a determining factor in the church’s reform and replace the modern formation of the conservative clergy. The purpose of this study is to identify and characterize the causes and consequences of the modern family’s crisis from theological and religious points of view. As a result of this study it has been proved that cardinals and bishops of the Extraordinary Synod ambiguously and conservatively assess the complex problems of the modern family. And so they appeared to be unable to offer actual preventions to overcome this crisis. The factors of the crisis state of the modern family are revealed and characterized in the further aspects: during last 25 years (in the crossing of second and third millennia) the Catholic Church has lost from 15 up to 30 percent of its parishioners in many countries particularly in Europe and in Latin America; in such circumstances according to Francis the issues of marriage and family are such issues that "disturb” the society and church" since the western ritual parishioners no longer accept church marriages, divorce and marry again outside the church (therefore the church does not recognize such marriages) in the consequence of thereof the exclusion of these people from the church takes place; such form of marital intimate relationships as concubinage is constantly increasing (long-term extra-marital cohabitation with an unmarried woman) that is family status by "faith" not being the official marriage (in the words of people "without a stamp in the passport"); the number of families with mixed-confessional couples and with the problem of denominational education of children is constantly increasing; homosexuality and same-sex marriages acquire legitimacy; the natural conception and birth of children is replaced by surrogate motherhood. Key words: marriage, family, human dignity, mercy, conservatism of the clergy, church reform, "theology of women".
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Griskova, Natalia. "Peculiarities of the church-religious policy of the russian autocracy in Podillya at the end of XVIII – at the beginning of the 30s of the XIX century." Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 33 (October 7, 2021): 144–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2021-33.144-164.

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The work analyzes the peculiarities of the political activity of the Russian autocracy concerning the representatives of confessional and religious communities in Podillya at the end of XVIII – at the beginning of the 30s of the XIX century. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientificity, objectivity and historicism, and involves the use of general scientific methods (internal critique of sources, analysis, synthesis, generalization). The scientific novelty consists of the formation of the complex vision of implementation of religious politics of autocracy toward the representatives of non-Orthodox clergy and believers of Podillya. The analysis of legislative acts, incorporation and corporate governance documents that regulated the activities of religious communities was conducted. Based on the historical, ideological and political aspects of this policy, as well as the religious views of monarchs (on confessional and religious communities), and the status of the state religion (Orthodoxy), the main aspects of church and religious policy of the autocracy in Podillya were clarified. Conclusions.It is defined that the church-religious politics of the Russian government toward the confessional communities of the Podillya governorate were executed to get control over the confessional communities of the region and their full subordination to the autocratic government. The legal basis of religious and confessional policy was a series of imperial decrees, statutory documents and orders that defined and coordinated the activities of religious and confessional organizations. Their publications were based on the legal and ideological substantiation of the religious and confessional policy of the autocracy throughout the Right-Bank Ukraine and Podillya in particular. The implementation of the given policy led to the changes in the confessional hierarchy of the Podillya governorate; restrictions of activities and the influence of the Roman Catholic and Greek-Catholic denominations of the faithful of the region. As a result, it was the change of religion and confessional affiliation of the population of the region. Orthodoxy was recognized as the main religion by the government in the region, which depended entirely on secular authorities, the will of the emperor, and became the basis for the subordination of the Orthodox population of the region to the policy of the Russian state.
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Padała, Olga, Anna Taracha, Adrianna Krupa, Małgorzata Drwal, Katarzyna Głaszcz, and Ryszard Maciejewski. "Opinion of students of Medical University of Lublin on emergency contraception." Polish Journal of Public Health 126, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjph-2016-0009.

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Abstract Introduction. Many women at the reproductive age face the dilemma of choosing the best contraceptive method. Apart from the natural birth control methods, there is a large selection of barrier, hormonal or invasive procedures. Birth control also includes emergency contraception, which can be used in a short period of time after an unprotected sex. In 2015, Ella One (uliprystal acetate) has been approved as an over-the-counter drug in Poland. Aim. The purpose of this study was to check the knowledge and survey opinions of students of various faculties of Medical University of Lublin concerning the topic of emergency contraception. Material and methods. An anonymous online questionnaire was used in the study. It included single and multiple-choice questions. The results were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2011. Results. 256 students, aged 19-27 took part in the study. 81.3% of the respondents declared themselves as Christians. 47% of interviewees said that using emergency contraception is ethical. In the group of Christians, 37.5% claimed that emergency contraceptives should not definitely be sold as an OTC drug while among the non-religious individuals, only 6% shared that view. 60.6% of students decided that EC is not a form of abortion, On the other hand, 29.9% opted for it being an abortion. In the group of female participants, 14.9% said that they had used emergency contraception at least once in their lives. As it comes to evaluation of students’ knowledge about the topic, only 15.23% knew the way of uliprystal acetate worked and even less (11.32%) were able to explain the way levonorgestrel works. Discussion. According to the Catholic Church, the only acceptable forms of family planning include sexual abstinence during fertile days or calendar-based contraceptive methods. Postcoital contraception is treated as a sin punished with excommunication. Therefore, adhering by the rules imposed by the Roman Catholic Church has huge impact on the choices that believers make, also when it comes to birth control. This statement has been confirmed by many studies conducted in Poland, where 90% of population consider themselves Catholics. Conclusions. Emergency contraception remains a controversial topic in Poland. Students of Medical University of Lublin seem to have insufficient knowledge about the effects of available drugs. There is a need to educate future healthcare providers, so they could provide reliable advice and recommendations to their patients.
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Salyha, Taras. "MUNICH CONFESSION OF VOLODYMYR YANIV (dedicated to 110th anniversary of birth)." Polish Studies of Kyiv, no. 35 (2019): 321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2019.35.321-333.

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Three major aspects of Volodymyr Yaniv’s life-creativity are described in the article: 1. biographical (his forma- tion as a creative person); 2. literary and art studies; 3. essayistic (author’s stories about the meetings with the perennial rec- tor of UFU). In parallel, there are “plots” about Volodymyr Yaniv as s historian of the church and Christianity, as a religious scholar, about his contacts with the Vatican, and in particular with His Beatitude Josyf Slipyj in the study. We can trace the “odyssey” of a young ascetic of the Galician revolutionary movement for the statehood and the unity of Ukrainian lands. A separate vision in the life of V. Yaniv is the magazine “Student’s Way”. He was fond of modern processes that took place in the cultural and artistic sphere. Studying poetry of European poets, poetry of Ukrainian creative youth, in particular B.-I. Antonych, V. Havrylyuk, O. Olzhych, poets of the Right-Bank Ukraine, Yaniv developed for himself the criteria for evaluating a literary work. The Lviv weekly “Towards” and the month “Dazhbog” and, of course, the poetry of the “Prague School” were played a special role for Yaniv as a poet. The famous Polish writers, supporters of the so-called “Ukrainian school”, Severin Goshchin- sky, Alexander Fredro, Leopold Staff, Jan Kasprovich, Maria Konopnitskaya whose creativity, undoubtedly, also influenced Volodymyr Yaniv lived and worked in Lviv. The ideological and thematic space of the poetry of Yaniv, in particular the collections “The Sun and the Lattices” and “The Foliage Fragments”, his prison poems, poetry about the Kruty heroes, are analyzed in the article. Lyro-epic creativity of V. Ya- niv in this thematic direction in her own way is biographical. The collection “Ways,” based on the scientific observations of the German, Polish and Czech theorists of psychoanalysis, is based on the ethno-psychoanalysis of the Ukrainian political prisoner. V. Yaniv is a scientist, psychologist, ethnic psychologist of the Ukrainian “soul”, sociologist and literary critic, art critic, organizer of Ukrainian science and church-religious life, public figure, professor of the Ukrainian Catholic University named after St Clemens, the Pope in Rome. The sacred motives are an organic page in poetry, literary criticism and, in general, in the works of Volodymyr Yaniv. The author used the bibliographic literature about the life and work of Volodymyr Yaniv, which, however, doesn’t allevi- ate his individual views.
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Nagy, Kornél. "Egy 17. századi örmény katolikus Breviárium az MTA Könyvtárának Keleti Gyűjteményében." Magyar Könyvszemle 133, no. 2 (November 7, 2017): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.17167/mksz.2017.2.197-212.

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Generally, the libraries have keeping very few old-published Armenian books or codices in Hungary. The small-sized-17th Armenian Catholic Breviary (Cisaran, Kargaworut’iwn) is an exception, which has proved the rule. At present, this Breviary is being kept at the Oriental Collection in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. According to the contemporaneous Armenian land Latin handwritings in this Breviary, the scholarship was able to follow closely behind its real fate. This ecclesiastical book was published at about the mid-17th century at the-called Polyglotta’s press in the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of Faith (Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide), the Institute of the Roman Catholic Missions at the Holy Apostolic See in Rome. At the last third of the 17th century, the Breviary was brought by Polish-born Armenian Uniate priests from Rome to Stanisławów (now Ivano-Frankivsk in Ukraine) in Poland. The Breviary in the 1720’s or in 1730’s got to the hand of Stefan Stefanowicz Roszka (1670−1739), Armenian Uniate Prelate in Stanisławów, when he was sent to Transylvania as an Apostolic Visitor in order to the control the Armenians’ daily religious life in Transylvania at the behest of the Holy Apostolic See in 1728. The Unaite Prelate brought this Breviary to the Armenian Uniate Holy Trinity Parish in Szamosújvár (Gherla, Armenopolis) as a gift. In this manner, this Breviary was kept at the Library of the Armenian Catholic Parish in Szamosújvár till the end of the Wold War II. Later on, the Breviary arrived at the National Library of Széchényi in Budapest in the late 1940’s, but, as some decades passed, it was delivered to the Oriental Collection of the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in the 1960’s or in 1970’s. Therefore, in this brief article, we have attempted to investigate the past of this Breviary from church-historical point of view. Further on, this writing has aimed at summarising the historical backgrounds of the Armenian colonies in Poland and Transylvania in the late 17th and the early 18th centuries. Finally, this study has been focused upon the implementation of the church-unions with Rome and the birth of the Armenian Catholic Church, resting upon the partly discovered and entirely undiscovered sources as well as analysing critically secondary literature.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Birth control – Religious aspects – Catholic Church"

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Lunt, Eric N. "The effects of globalization on state control of civil society : the Catholic Church in Vietnam during autarky and interdependence /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA432523.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Anne Clunan, Aurel Croissant. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-97). Also available online.
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McCaslin, Brianna Jean. "Thou Shalt Not: Experiences of Contraceptive Use and Religious Identity Negotiation Among Married Catholic Women." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/8363.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
The Catholic Church is widely known for its opposition to birth control. Yet statistics show that the vast majority of American Catholics use birth control. While multiple studies have been conducted on a larger quantitative scale about the use or attitudes of American Catholics toward birth control, there have not been qualitative studies to understand the experiences of Catholics who use contraception. This study is particularly timely given the recent Catholic opposition to the Affordable Care Act’s mandate of employee healthcare provided birth control as well as, the extraordinary synod of bishops to discuss pastoral challenges to family life in October 2015. Fourteen married Catholic women were interviewed about their religious identities and experiences using contraception. Analysis demonstrated how these women constructed a religious identity by maximizing certain aspects, such as prayer and service, while minimizing other aspects, such as individual autonomy and denominational distinctions, of their religious identity. However in order to cope with the tension between their salient religious identity and their contraceptive decision making women utilizing multiple mechanisms. Specifically, they made boundaries around which types of contraception were acceptable and limits to church or individual authority; they justified their decisions based on medical necessity or betrayal they felt from the church; they legitimated their decisions by discussing God’s control and their husband’s perceptions of NFP; and they normalized their decisions through their desire to care for their children and be sexually intimate with their husbands. This research illuminates unique challenges that religious women face in their sexual decision making and sexual health practices that can help sex educators and health care providers care for women. Additionally, the Catholic Church and American Catholics make up huge forces in education, health care, charity, politics, and employment. However, not all Catholics follow the rules of the church. Those members who remain an active part of the Catholic Church, such as the practicing Catholics in this study can influence the way the church changes. By better understanding the experience of these dissenters, social researchers may be able to better understand the future of the Catholic Church.
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Books on the topic "Birth control – Religious aspects – Catholic Church"

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Catholics for a Free Choice (Organization), ed. The evolution of an earthly code: Contraception in Catholic doctrine. Washington, D.C. (1436 U St., N.W., Suite 301, Washington 20009): Catholics for a Free Choice, 1991.

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Paluck, Raymond J. Catholics object. Belfield, ND (4049 128th Ave. S.W., Belfield, 58622-9232): Adeon Productions, 1994.

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Lourenço, Mário. Razão e discurso: Os católicos e o controle da natalidad. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes, 2000.

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Schwarz, John C. Global population from a Catholic perspective. Mystic, CT: Twenty-Third Publications, 1998.

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Geburtenregelung: Ein Konflikt in der katholischen Kirche. Mainz: Matthias-Grünewald-Verlag, 1990.

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Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)., ed. Love, marriage, and the Catholic conscience: Understanding the church's teachings on birth control. Manchester, N.H: Sophia Institute Press, 1998.

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Is there a solution to the Catholic debate on contraception? Chiloquin, OR: Inner Growth Books, 1989.

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Elizabeth, Balsam, ed. Family planning: A guide for exploring the issues. 3rd ed. Liguori, MO: Liguori Publications, 1994.

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Dille, Esther Jane. The problem of surgical sterilization in publicly funded American Catholic hospitals. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1991.

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Watson, Fernando. A ingerência religiosa nas questões demográficas. Copacabana, RJ: Razão Cultural, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Birth control – Religious aspects – Catholic Church"

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Roy, Olivier. "The Religious Secession." In Is Europe Christian?, 81–102. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190099930.003.0007.

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This chapter assesses the issuance of the encyclical Humanæ vitæ in July of 1968, which imposed on Catholics a stringent code of sexual morality in line with Pius XI's 1930 encyclical Casti connubii, or ‘chastity in marriage’. In particular, Humanæ vitæ rejected all forms of artificial contraception. Many Christians were expecting the Church to adapt to the tide of sexual liberation, but instead, just when birth control pills appeared on the European market, hence proposing an alternative to abortion, the pope issued an encyclical taking a stance against the changing mores. Sexual morality came to be the newest battlefront between religion and Europe's dominant culture, and became central to the way of life promoted by the Church. What once bridged the gap between believers and nonbelievers, namely a shared base of secularized Christian values, had faded or disappeared. This raises some serious questions: If the Church no longer recognizes the dominant culture in Europe today as Christian, who would take the liberty of claiming that Europe's identity is Christian? And how could this Christian identity be reclaimed without a battle for Europe's morals, which would be directed less against Islam than against European society itself? Not only does this change the position of the Catholic Church but it also alters the very meaning of what it is to be a believer in Europe.
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Hughes, Kyle, and Donald M. MacRaild. "Ribbonism, O’Connellism, and Catholicism in the 1820s and 1830s." In Ribbon Societies in Nineteenth-Century Ireland and its Diaspora, 92–124. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941350.003.0004.

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This chapter explores the development of Ribbonism in those two turbulent decades, and considers key aspects of social, religious, and political turmoil that provided a fitting setting for the development of Ribbonism. It shows how Ribbonmen expressed at times a Catholic pro-O’Connellism, even though both the Church and ‘the Liberator’ were hostile to them. The chapter also observes the inability of O’Connell to control Ribbonism in the northern province of Ulster demonstrated in hardening Orange–Green tensions. Finally, the chapter examines canal-based proto-trade union Ribbonism and the organisation’s role as a ‘kind of proletarian underground’: a primitive form of organized labour, controlling the portering and carrying trades around docks and inland waterways
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"It has been said that Britain in the 1940s and 1950s was the only place in the world that a person’s social status could be noted within seconds by accent alone. Oral communication and vocabulary was status laden. Accent revealed education, economic position and class. Today, particularly in certain professions (including law), regional accents can often be a source of discrimination. Such discrimination is not spoken of to those whose speech habits are different; only to those whose speech habits are acceptable, creating an elite. Given the variety of oral communication, accent, tone and vocabulary, it is clear that it is not just the language that is important but how it is communicated and the attitude of the speaker. Does it include or exclude? Written expressions of language are used to judge the ultimate worth of academic work but also it is used to judge job applicants. Letters of complaint that are well presented are far more likely to be dealt with positively. The observation of protocols concerning appropriate letter writing can affect the decision to interview a job applicant. So, language is extremely powerful both in terms of its structure and vocabulary and in terms of the way it is used in both writing and speaking. Rightly or wrongly, it is used to label one as worthy or unworthy, educated or uneducated, rich or poor, rational or non-rational. Language can be used to invest aspects of character about which it cannot really speak. An aristocratic, well spoken, English accent with a rich vocabulary leads to the assumption that the speaker is well educated, of noble birth and character and is rich; a superficial rationale for nobleness, education and wealth that is quite often found to be baseless. 2.4 CASE STUDY: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE, LAW AND RELIGION Religion, politics and, of course, law find power in the written and spoken word. Many aspects of English law remain influenced by Christianity. The language of English law, steeped in the language of Christianity, speaks of the ‘immemorial’ aspects of English law (although the law artificially sets 1189 as the date for ‘immemoriality’!). In many ways the Christian story is built into the foundation of English law. Theories of law describe the word of the Sovereign as law; that what is spoken is authority and power, actively creating law based on analogy just as God spoke Christ into creation. Since the 16th century, when Henry VIII’s dispute with the Holy Roman Catholic Church caused England to move away from an acceptance of the religious and political authority of the Pope, English monarchs have been charged with the role of ‘Defender of the Faith’. As an acknowledgment of modern pluralist society, there have recently been suggestions that the Prince of Wales, if he becomes King, should perhaps consider being ‘Defender of Faith’, leaving it open which faith; although the role is tied at present to Anglicanism, that Christian denomination ‘established by law’. English law recognises the Sovereign as the fountain of justice, exercising mercy traceable back to powers given by the Christian God. Indeed, this aspect of the." In Legal Method and Reasoning, 26. Routledge-Cavendish, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843145103-13.

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