Academic literature on the topic 'Birth control Economic aspects Australia'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Birth control Economic aspects Australia.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Birth control Economic aspects Australia"
1
Cooke, B. D., and L. P. Hunt. "Practical and economic aspects of rabbit control in hilly semiarid South Australia." Wildlife Research 14, no. 2 (1987): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870219.
Full textAbstract:
Poisoning, ripping of warrens and a combination of both techniques were assessed as means of controlling rabbits in steep areas of the southern Flinders Ranges in semiarid South Australia. The number of active warren entrances was reduced significantly by poisoning and by ripping. One month after treatment, untreated plots contained an average of 72.2 active entrances whereas the poisoned and ripped plots averaged 27.1 and 7.3 active entrances, respectively. A combination of both techniques reduced the number of active warren entrances even further, but this is not recommended because it increases the cost of control substantially. The efficiencies of a large and a small crawler tractor were compared. Costs of ripping were similar, and the suitability of each tractor is discussed. In the southern Flinders Ranges rabbit control is clearly economical in relation to the improvements in sheep production likely to be obtained.
2
J. Mason, T., W. M. Lonsdale, and K. French. "Environmental weed control policy in Australia: current approaches, policy limitations and future directions." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 4 (2005): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050233.
Full textAbstract:
Plant invasions of natural systems threaten biodiversity and ecosystem processes across many biomes. Historically most plant invasions have been facilitated by human activities such as industry, transport and landscape modification. Consequently, both causes and management of weed invasion are dependent on human behaviour and management advice provided by ecologists needs to take account of this fact. This paper assesses current environmental weed control policy in Australia and asks: are government, land managers and the scientific community using available social levers to achieve optimal weed management? We do this by comparing aspects of weed policy with a generalized natural resource policy framework. Adequacy of issue characterization and policy framing are discussed with particular reference to public perceptions of the weed problem, policy scaling and defining policy principles and goals. The implementation of policy Instruments, including regulation, VOluntary incentives, education, Information, motivational instruments, property-right instruments and pricing mechanisms are reviewed. Limitations of current instruments and potential options to improve instrument effectiveness are discussed. Funding arrangements for environmental weed control are also reported: environmental weed invasion generally represents an external cost to economic markets which has resulted in relatively low funding levels for control operations. Finally, review and monitoring procedures in weed programmes and policy are addressed. Rigorous monitoring systems are important in effective, adaptive weed management where control techniques are continually refined to improve ecological outcomes. The utility of maintaining links between project outcomes and policy inputs along with methods of implementing appropriate monitoring are discussed.
3
Desquesnes, Marc, Alan Dargantes, De-Hua Lai, Zhao-Rong Lun, Philippe Holzmuller, and Sathaporn Jittapalapong. "Trypanosoma evansiand Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Transmission, Epidemiology and Control, Impact, and Zoonotic Aspects." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/321237.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reviews the transmission modes ofTrypanosoma evansi. Its worldwide distribution is attributed to mechanical transmission. While the role of tabanids is clear, we raise questions on the relative role ofHaematobiasp. and the possible role ofStomoxyssp. in delayed transmission. A review of the available trypanocidal drugs and their efficacy in various host species is useful for understanding how they interact in disease epidemiology, which is complex. Although there are similarities with other mechanically transmitted trypanosomes,T. evansihas a more complex epidemiology due to the diversity of its hosts and vectors. The impact of clinical and subclinical disease is difficult to establish. A model was developed for buffaloes in the Philippines, which could be transferred to other places and livestock systems. SinceTrypanosoma evansiwas reported in humans, further research is required to investigate its zoonotic potential. Surra remains a potentially emerging disease that is a threat to Australia, Spain, and France. A number of questions about the disease have yet to be resolved. This brief review of the basic knowledge ofT. evansisuggests that there is renewed interest in the parasite, which is spreading and has a major economic impact.
4
Marzec, Arkadiusz. "Transitions and Threats to Family from the Standpoint of People in Their Thirties." Pedagogika Rodziny 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fampe-2015-0022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of this study is to present certain aspects connected with transformation of contemporary Polish families and to indicate threats to performing their functions. Systematic, economic, social and cultural transformations have influenced lives of people and families and new opportunities emerged to improve standards of living, change attitudes and lifestyles. Contemporary families are characterized by varied structure and dominance of non-productive families formed primarily on non-economic grounds, which control and plan birth of children. However, families are facing a number of challenges and threats that affect performing the basic family functions. High unemployment rate, poverty, violence and addictions are only part of the phenomena that negatively affect quality of living of Polish families. This study presents opinions of young people about transitions and threats concerning family functions.
5
Mihaylova, Anna, Petya Kasnakova, Stanislav Gueorguiev, Elina Petkova-Gueorguieva, and Lili Peikova. "Cost analysis of neonates after prenatal corticosteroid prophylaxis of Respiratory Distress Syndrome." Pharmacia 67, no. 4 (October 2, 2020): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e50458.
Full textAbstract:
Preterm birth is a vital global health-economic problem. Health disorders provoked by it generate a high neonatal mortality rate. Prenatal corticosteroid prevention aims to reduce postnatal complications in premature infants. This survey covered two basic baby groups: work group of 89 premature infants that had been subjected to prenatal corticosteroid prophylaxis and a control group of 78 premature babies without prenatal prevention. The analysis of the pharmacoeconomic aspects of prenatal corticosteroid prevention enabled the comparison of clinical and therapeutic results, treatment costs, therapeutic expenditures, shortterm therapeutic effect, benefits and sequences from premature infants’ therapy. The analysis of clinical data obtained during this survey enabled the conclusion that when analyzing the combined effect of Dexamethasone prophylaxis, gestation week at birth and the age of the mother of premature infants with RDS, respiratory obstuction occurrence was mediated by the earlier gestation week at birth, older mother’s age and, at this background, it was restricted to a certain extent by prenatal corticosteroid administration. Conclusions: Prenatal corticosteroids cause reduction of premature infants’ treatment costs. The implementation of a smaller number of dexamethasone applications leads to smaller expenditures for premature infants’ treatment and care compared to those that have more dexamethasone applications.
6
Maglen, Krista. "“In This Miserable Spot Called Quarantine”: The Healthy and Unhealthy in Nineteenth Century Australian and Pacific Quarantine Stations." Science in Context 19, no. 3 (September 2006): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889706000950.
Full textAbstract:
ArgumentBy examining sources created by people who were detained or employed at the quarantine stations of Australia and the Western Pacific, this article illuminates aspects of the history of disease control that cannot be observed in other source material. Most research examining the history of maritime quarantine has tended to rely on the records of official and government agencies. As a result, discussion has largely been confined to government policy and larger issues of the political, economic, and social consequences of maritime disease control. This article contributes to the historiography by examining personal sources that show how quarantine policy and practice were experienced from the perspective of its participants. They reveal the experiences of otherwise obscured healthy detainees and illuminate agency among quarantined individuals that cannot be observed without these sources.
7
Lieming, Fang. "Will China’s “Two-child in One Family” Policy to Spur Population Growth Work?" Population and Economics 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.3.e37962.
Full textAbstract:
The population problem has always been a fundamental, overall and strategic issue faced by the human society. While China’s family planning policy has promoted China’s economic development and social progress, the “two-child” policy failed to receive satisfactory result. Confronted by China’s low fertility rate, efforts must be done from many aspects to spur population growth: establish the National Population Security Council, strengthen the selection and appointment of population policy makers, strengthen the family values, adopt incentive measures to increase fertility, and so on. The “two-child” policy has been carried out for more than three years, and the policy is still facing the test of time. China’s “two-child” policy is still a transitional policy, and the final solution will be to abandon birth control.
8
Fiorentina, Palazzo, Camillo Martino, Ylenia Mancini, Maria Grazia De Iorio, John L. Williams, and Giulietta Minozzi. "Using Omics Approaches in the Discovery of Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Johne’s Disease in Sheep and Goats." Animals 11, no. 7 (June 27, 2021): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11071912.
Full textAbstract:
Johne’s disease (JD) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and is an important and emerging problem in livestock; therefore, its control and prevention is a priority to reduce economic losses and health risks. Most JD research has been carried out on cattle, but interest in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of this disease in sheep and goats is greatest in developing countries. Sheep and goats are also a relevant part of livestock production in Europe and Australia, and these species provide an excellent resource to study and better understand the mechanism of survival of MAP and gain insights into possible approaches to control this disease. This review gives an overview of the literature on paratuberculosis in sheep and goats, highlighting the immunological aspects and the potential for “omics” approaches to identify effective biomarkers for the early detection of infection. As JD has a long incubation period before the disease becomes evident, early diagnosis is important to control the spread of the disease.
9
Arsyad, Syahmida S., Darojad Nurjono Agung Nugroho, and Arga Nugraha. "Social, Economic, Demographic Factors and Proximate Determinants of Fertility in Papua Province." Populasi 30, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jp.75800.
Full textAbstract:
The research on proximate determinants of fertility was carried out based on the condition of fertility in Papua which is still high compared to national figures and the use of modern contraception tends to decrease according to several periods of Indonesian Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHS). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social, economic, demographic factors and the proximate determinant of fertility in Papua. This study is a secondary data the 2017 IDHS, analysis using descriptive and multivariate with multiple logistic regression test. The results show that Papuan women’s education has a dominant effect on the duration of marriage and the use of contraception. The higher education level will likely increase the use of contraception and the length of marriage. This can be used as a foothold in the planning and implementation of population control programs, in this case, is the regulation and restrictions on future births. Birth control programs through the Population, Family Planning, and Family Development Program need to synergize with other government programs, especially with the Education Program for Papuan women in planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating programs of course. An approach to traditional leaders is needed since customs and traditions greatly affect all aspects of Papuan people’s lives. The traditional leader’s advice and suggestions are very well heard by people. The traditional leader’s communication, information dissemination, and education to program targets really need to be strengthened. This method is certainly implemented by all levels of the program area, but especially in the field lines that are very close to the target.
10
Handwerker, Lisa. "Social and Ethical Implications of In Vitro Fertilization in Contemporary China." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 4, no. 3 (1995): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100006101.
Full textAbstract:
In March 1988 the People's Republic of China announced the birth of the first test-tube baby born to a 39-year-old infertile peasant woman. This surprise announcement appeared in strong contradiction to China's population reduction goals amidst a population crisis. Yet, the media attention given to this medical achievement would seem to be consistent with the political, social, and economic changes taking place in the last decade, including technological innovation as the key to a modern socialist nation. In short, this announcement highlights tensions facing China as it simultaneously attempts to modernize within a trans-national economy, control population, and maintain traditional Confucian family values within a rapidly changing context.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Birth control Economic aspects Australia"
1
Poon, Yuen-fong, and 潘源舫. "Impact of family planning on economic development in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31974880.
Full text
2
Clarke, Damian. "Essays on fertility and family size." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:94016283-a3dd-4b6a-8427-373b49a491be.
Full textAbstract:
In these papers I discuss the causal estimation of the effects of fertility and fertility planning developments on mother and child outcomes. A number of concerns are raised with existing identification techniques, and alternative methodologies to consistently estimate the effect of interest are proposed. These concerns and new techniques are illustrated using microdata on slightly more than 43,000,000 births ocurring between 1972 and 2013. In the first substantive chapter (written with Sonia Bhalotra), we discuss the validity of the use of twin births in fertility research. We demonstrate that twin births are not random. Successfully taking twins to term depends upon positive maternal health behaviours and investments in the periods preceding birth. We show that this is of considerable concern for estimation techniques which rely on twin births being (conditionally) randomly assigned to identify causal effects. To illustrate, we consider the estimation of the child quantity-quality (QQ) trade-off, and show that existing instrumental variable estimates are inconsistent in the contexts examined. Upon partially correcting for the fact that twin births are not random, a statistically significant QQ trade-off begins to emerge. We close by examining a number of partial identification techniques to bound the true effect of fertility on child outcomes. In the second substantive chapter, I examine the effect of fertility control policies on the fertility decisions and outcomes of women. I consider the case of the emergency contraceptive pill in Chile. The staggered arrival of this technology to Chile over the last decade has resulted in the availability of the first safe and legal post-coital birth control policies. In a context of high teenage pregnancy rates, difference-in-difference (DD) style estimates suggest that this policy has accounted for reductions in short-term teen childbearing by as much as 7%, an effect similar to the arrival of abortion in the USA. This policy is also shown to reduce fetal deaths reported in early gestation with no similar reduction in late gestation: suggestive evidence that an alternative fertility control policy may reduce costly and dangerous illegal abortions. Finally, I turn to the use of DD estimators as a policy-analysis tool. I discuss how such estimators perform in the case of reforms which may not be sharply demarcated to treatment and control clusters, but rather subject to local spillovers or externalities. I propose an extension of the typical DD estimator: a spillover-robust DD estimator. This methodology is applied to estimate the effect of two localised fertility control reforms in Mexico and Chile, where women close to treatment clusters who were not themselves subject to the reform may nonetheless travel to access treatment.
3
Jordan, Matthew. "Procuring industrial pollution control : the South Australian case, 1836-1975." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj816.pdf.
Full text
4
Graham, Tennille. "Economics of protecting road infrastructure from dryland salinity in Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0207.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] The salinisation of agricultural land, urban infrastructure and natural habitat is a serious and increasing problem in southern Australia. Government funding has been allocated to the problem to attempt to reduce substantial costs associated with degradation of agricultural and non-agricultural assets. Nevertheless, Government funding has been small relative to the size of the problem and therefore expenditure needs to be carefully targeted to interventions that will achieve the greatest net benefits. For intervention to be justified, the level of salinity resulting from private landholder decisions must exceed the level that is optimal from the point of view of society as a whole, and the costs of government intervention must be less than the benefits gained by society. This study aims to identify situations when government intervention is justified to manage dryland salinity that threatens to affect road infrastructure (a public asset). A key gap in the environmental economics literature is research that considers dryland salinity as a pollution that has off-site impacts on public assets. This research developed two hydrological/economic models to achieve this objective. The first was a simple economic model representing external costs from dryland salinity. This model was used to identify those variables that have the biggest impact on the net-benefits possible from government intervention. The second model was a combined hydro/economic model that represents the external costs from dryland salinity on road infrastructure. The hydrological component of the model applied the method of metamodelling to simplify a complex, simulation model to equations that could be easily included in the economic model. The key variables that have the biggest impact on net-benefits of dryland salinity mitigation were the value of the off-site asset and the time lag before the onset of dryland salinity in the absence of intervention. ... In the case study of dryland salinity management in the Date Creek subcatchment of Western Australia, the economics of vegetation-based and engineering strategies were investigated for road infrastructure. In general, the engineering strategies were more economically beneficial than vegetation-based strategies. In the case-study catchment, the cost of dryland salinity affecting roads was low relative to the cost to agricultural land. Nevertheless, some additional change in land management to reduce impacts on roads (beyond the changes justified by agricultural land alone) was found to be optimal in some cases. Reinforcing the results from the simple model, a key factor influencing the economics of dryland salinity management was the urgency of the problem. If costs from dryland salinity were not expected to occur until 30 years or more, the optimal response in the short-term was to do nothing. Overall, the study highlights the need for governments to undertake comprehensive and case-specific analysis before committing resources to the management of dryland salinity affecting roads. There were many scenarios in the modelling analysis where the benefits of interventions would not be sufficient to justify action.
5
Sounness, Marcus Neil. "Alternative grazing systems and pasture types for the South West of Western Australia : a bio-economic analysis." University of Western Australia. School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0054.
Full textAbstract:
Alternative grazing systems and pasture types for wool production in the south west of Western Australia were analysed using bio-economic modelling techniques in order to determine their relative productivity and profitability. After reviewing the experimental and modelling literature on perennial pastures and grazing systems, seven case studies of farmers were conducted in order to investigate the practical application of innovative grazing systems and use of perennial pastures. Together these case studies provided information for identifying relevant variables and for calibrating the modelling work which followed. The core of the work lies in a bio-economic model for investigating the comparative value of the three grazing systems and two pasture families mentioned above. A baseline scenario using currently available and reliable scientific data provides baseline results, after which a number of sensitivity analyses provide further insights using variations of four key parameters: persistence, heterogeneity, water soluble carbohydrates, and increased losses. Results show that perennial pastures are in the studied region more profitable than annual pastures. Under current baseline conditions, continuous grazing with perennial pastures is the most profitable enterprise, but this superiority is not robust under parameter variations defined by other scenarios. The more robust solution in terms of enterprise profitability is cell grazing with perennial pastures. The results indicate that intensive grazing systems such as cell grazing have the potential to substantially increase the profitability of grazing operations on perennial pasture. This result is an encouraging one in light of its implications for water uptake and salinity control. It means that economics and land care can go hand in hand, rather than be competitive. It is to be noted that it is the choice of the grazing system in combination with the pasture species, rather then the pasture species itself, that allows for such complementarity between economics and sustainable land use. This research shows that if farmers adopt practices such as cell grazing they may be able to increase the area that they can profitably plant to perennial pasture thus reducing the impacts of dryland salinity. This finding is consistent with the findings of the case studies where the farmers perceived that, provided grazing was planned, increasing the intensity of their grazing management and the perenniallity of their pastures would result in an increase in the profitability of their grazing operation. As a result this research helps to bridge a gap which has existed in this area of research, between the results of scientific research and those reported in practice.
6
Djafar, Fariastuti. "Socio-economic factors and contraceptive use in West Kalimantan." Master's thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123359.
Full textAbstract:
Very few studies about family planning have been
carried out in West Kalimantan. The studies which have been
conducted are mostly concerned with the Chinese, one of the
major ethnic groups in this province. This might be because
West Kalimantan is one province of Indonesia which has a
high proportion of Chinese, and the Chinese group is still
regarded as a sensitive issue in Indonesia. This study uses
1980 census data to analyse socio-economic variables
including ethnicity in terms of their relationship with
contraceptive use. The findings indicate a conventional
relationship between the socio-economic factors - place of
residence, education, occupation and living standard - and
contraceptive use: the better the socio-economic conditions
of the women, the higher the contraceptive use. The findings
also suggest that the Government should consider a special
approach to the Chinese community, since their level of
contraceptive use is low compared with the other ethnic
groups. Detailed discussions of the extent of the program
implementation and its challenges show that the program in
West Kalimantan is still based more on the clinic approach
than the community approach. This might have led to the
relatively low contraceptive prevalence in West Kalimantan
and the concentration of contraceptive use among the women
with better socio-economic conditions evident in 1980.
7
"The Galor-Weil Model revisited: population control and the long-run development of China." 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894860.
Full textAbstract:
Si-Tou, Wai Kit."September 2011."
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract: --- p.2
摘要 --- p.3
Acknowledgements --- p.4
Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.6
Chapter Chapter 2: --- The Galor-Weil Model --- p.11
Chapter 2.1 --- Basic Structure Model --- p.11
Chapter 2.2 --- Preferences and Budget Constraints --- p.12
Chapter 2.3 --- Optimization --- p.13
Chapter Chapter 3: --- Parameterization and Simulation Results by Lagerlof --- p.16
Chapter 3.1 --- Parameterization and Full Dynamical System --- p.16
Chapter 3.2 --- Parameter Values and Simulation Results --- p.18
Chapter Chapter 4: --- Theoretical Analysis of the Effects of Exogenous Population Control Policy on the Dynamic System --- p.22
Chapter Chapter 5: --- Simulation Results using China's Data --- p.29
Chapter 5.1 --- Simulation Results with Exogenous Population Control --- p.31
Chapter 5.2 --- Simulation Results with Exogenous Population Control and Technological Shocks.. --- p.35
Chapter 5.3 --- Further Implications --- p.36
Chapter Chapter 6: --- Concluding Remarks --- p.38
Chapter Appendix A: --- Figures and Tables --- p.42
Chapter Appendix B: --- Sensitivity Test --- p.67
References: --- p.69
8
"Economic factors and institutional change in determining fertility in China: an empirical study." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887000.
Full textAbstract:
by Ho Sau Lan.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-85).
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTERS
Chapter 1. --- DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERN AND POPULATION POLICIES
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction
Chapter 1.2 --- Current literature on China's demography
Chapter 1.3 --- Recent demographic trend in China
Chapter 1.4 --- Policies for controlling birth
Chapter 2. --- EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
Chapter 2.1 --- Explanations of the demographic transition
Chapter 2.2 --- Granger-causality
Chapter 2.3 --- Test specification
Chapter 2.4 --- Data specification
Chapter 2.5 --- Test procedure
Chapter 2.6 --- Empirical results
Chapter 2.7 --- Summary
Chapter 2.8 --- Problem of the tests
Chapter 3. --- FERTILITY CHANGE IN THE REFORM PERIOD1979-1987
Chapter 3.1 --- The economic reform
Chapter 3.2 --- Effects of the economic reform and other economic factors on fertility
Chapter 3.3 --- Data specification
Chapter 3.4 --- Statistical specification
Chapter 3.5 --- Empirical Results
Chapter 3.6 --- Summary
Chapter 4. --- CONCLUDTNG REMARKS
Chapter 5. --- APPENDIX A： GLOSSARY OF SOME DEMOGRAPHIC TERMS
Chapter 6. --- APPENDIX B： SOURCES OF DATA
Chapter 7. --- BIBLIOGRAPHY
9
Jordan, Matthew. "Procuring industrial pollution control : the South Australian case, 1836-1975 / Matthew Jordan." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21773.
Full text
10
"Three empirical essays on family economics." Thesis, 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075001.
Full textAbstract:
Essay 2 uses Chinese adult twin data to investigate birth weight effect, the outcomes of which have been changed to long-term achievements. The OLS results suggest that birth weight has significant positive relationship with earnings, adult height, and health conditions. However, within-twin-pair results indicate that birth weight has significant positive influence only on adult height. Essay 2 also systematically interprets the pattern of bias directions of OLS relative to within-twins estimates across empirical studies on long-term outcomes. For health measures, OLS estimates are consistently biased upward relative to within-twins estimates across empirical studies, suggesting an overall positive correlation between omitted factors and birth weight. On the contrary, the bias direction of OLS relative to within-twins estimates fluctuates across empirical studies on ability-related outcomes, including educational attainment and earnings. This suggests that there are two main types of omitted variable (e.g., endowments and post-birth parental inputs) with each type having different correlation with birth weight.Essay 3 uses data from the 2000 and 2005 censuses of China. It analyzes trends on the marital behavior of Chinese people during 1970-2004, and the impact of the one-child policy in terms of marriage age, marriage rate, and assortative mating on age. First, this essay finds that from 1990 onwards, more people have preferred to marry at and after their mid-twenties. Interestingly, up to the early 2000s, the prevailing marriage rates of men and women over 35 years old maintained at very high levels (over 90%) despite China becoming more prosperous. Moreover, the positive assortative mating on age was more or less the same from 1970 to 2004. In addition, this essay is the first to compare the marriages of Zhuang people relative to other non-Han people (excluding Man people) around 1989 to implement the difference-indifferences (DiD) estimation. Results from DiD estimations indicate that the one-child policy encourages more people to delay marriages. On the one hand, the policy favors more men at 30 years old or above to marry young women in their twenties. On the other hand, interestingly, it also induces more young men to marry older women.
The dissertation consists of three empirical studies on Chinese household behavior. Essay 1 uses Chinese child twin data to examine the effect of birth weight on performances during childhood and adolescent periods. Essay 1 has three main contributions to literature. First, this essay is the first to use twin data of an Asian developing country to study the birth weight impact. Within-twins results suggest that birth weight has significant effect on physical growth, but no significant effect on school performance, health conditions, and personality. Second, this study is the first to apply threshold regression on twin data to examine the non-linearity effect of birth weight. Overall, there is no evidence to support the argument that the effect is nonlinear on medium-term outcomes. Third, this study is the first to test directly whether birth weight effect operates through interaction with post-birth parental inputs. There is no evidence to support that this mechanism works in within-twins results.
Wong, Man Kit.
Adviser: Junsen Zhang.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: A, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references.
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
Books on the topic "Birth control Economic aspects Australia"
1
Maudoodi, Syed Abul ʻAla. Birth control: Its social, political, economic, moral, and religious aspects. New Delhi: Markazi Maktaba Islami Publishers, 2009.
Find full text
2
Praditthasin, Chaiyon. Sētthasāt kānmư̄ang khō̜ng kānpatiwat khanāt khrō̜pkhrūa nai Prathēt Thai =: Political economy of reproductive revolution in Thailand. Krung Thēp: Sūn Wičhai læ Phalit Tamrā, Mahāwitthayālai Krœ̄k, 1999.
Find full text
3
Miller, Grant. Contraception as development?: New evidence from family planning in Colombia. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.
Find full text
4
Habibullah, M. Pricing strategy for contraceptive products: A study on financial and psychological cost and benefit considerations. Dhaka: Centre for Population Management and Research, Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka, 1985.
Find full text
5
Barlow, Robin. A framework for economic analysis of family planning projects: A case study of the planned Niger family health and demography project. Washington, D.C: The Institute, 1988.
Find full text
6
Haq, Muhammad Nazmul. Study of compensation payments and family planning in Bangladesh: A synthesis. Dhaka: National Institute of Population Research and Training, 1989.
Find full text
7
Chernichovsky, Dov. The Indonesian family planning program: An economic perspective. Washington, DC (1818 H St., N.W. Washington 20433): Population Health, and Nutrition, Population and Human Resources Dept., World Bank, 1991.
Find full text
8
Conly, Shanti R. Global population assistance: A report card on the major donor countries : executive summary. Washington, D.C: Population Action International, 1993.
Find full text
9
Conly, Shanti R. Global population assistance: A report card on the major donor countries. Washington, D.C: Population Action International, 1993.
Find full text
10
Kearney, Melissa Schettini. Subsidized contraception, fertility, and sexual behavior. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Birth control Economic aspects Australia"
1
Tannous, Wadad Kathy, and Laney McGrew. "Removing the Constraints of Disability." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 205–19. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6772-2.ch013.
Full textAbstract:
One billion people globally live with disabilities that are physical, sensory, psychiatric, neurological, cognitive, or intellectual. Their disabilities are dynamic and can be temporary or permanent, singular or plural, from birth or developed, and can change over time. People with disabilities face barriers to economic, social, political, and cultural participation. Assistive technology, artificial intelligence, and broader technology can amplify their inclusion, participation, and independence. This chapter will highlight emerging and evolving technologies, rooted in machine learning and neural networks, which assist across different disabilities and seek to improve the user's sense of ability and independence. These include Seeing AI app, OXSIGHT, OrCam, Envision smart glasses, and Dot Watch for vision impairment; Ava app and cognitive hearing aid for hearing impairment; Liftware self-stabilising utensils for limited hand mobility; Eyegaze and Tobii – assistive technologies that allow users to control computer and smartphone screens with their eyes; and 3D printed prosthetics.