Academic literature on the topic 'Birefringence'

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Journal articles on the topic "Birefringence"

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Wang, Ning, and Xiao Xia Li. "The Electrically Controlled Birefringence Measurement Influence of Liquid Crystal Caused by Absorption Effect in Infrared Region." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.467.

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The electrically controlled birefringence of nematic liquid crystal BL-009 was measured by polarized interference method. The influence of LC absorption effect, the birefringence variation, is discussed in this paper. The experiments results showed the influence to birefringence is big in infrared region. Not only the birefringence value is greatly different with that of unconsidering absorption effect, but also the gradient changing of birefringence curves is obvious. Furthermore, the electrically controlled birefringences of two conditions are compared when the absorption coefficients of ordinary light and the extraordinary light are nearly same and greatly different. The analysis demonstrated the approximate method of absorption coefficient is feasible.
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Afsharan, Hadi, Dilusha Silva, Chulmin Joo, and Barry Cense. "Non-Invasive Retinal Blood Vessel Wall Measurements with Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography for Diabetes Assessment: A Quantitative Study." Biomolecules 13, no. 8 (August 8, 2023): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13081230.

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Diabetes affects the structure of the blood vessel walls. Since the blood vessel walls are made of birefringent organized tissue, any change or damage to this organization can be evaluated using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). In this paper, we used PS-OCT along with the blood vessel wall birefringence index (BBI = thickness/birefringence2) to non-invasively assess the structural integrity of the human retinal blood vessel walls in patients with diabetes and compared the results to those of healthy subjects. PS-OCT measurements revealed that blood vessel walls of diabetic patients exhibit a much higher birefringence while having the same wall thickness and therefore lower BBI values. Applying BBI to diagnose diabetes demonstrated high accuracy (93%), sensitivity (93%) and specificity (93%). PS-OCT measurements can quantify small changes in the polarization properties of retinal vessel walls associated with diabetes, which provides researchers with a new imaging tool to determine the effects of exercise, medication, and alternative diets on the development of diabetes.
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Winterstein, Donald F., Gopa S. De, and Mark A. Meadows. "Twelve years of vertical birefringence in nine‐component VSP data." GEOPHYSICS 66, no. 2 (March 2001): 582–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444950.

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Since 1986, when industry scientists first publicly showed data supporting the presence of azimuthal anisotropy in sedimentary rock, we have studied vertical shear‐wave (S-wave) birefringence in 23 different wells in western North America. The data were from nine‐component vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) supplemented in recent years with data from wireline crossed‐dipole logs. This paper summarizes our results, including birefringence results in tabular form for 54 depth intervals in 19 of those 23 wells. In the Appendix we present our conclusions about how to record VSP data optimally for study of vertical birefringence. We arrived at four principal conclusions about vertical S-wave birefringence. First, birefringence was common but not universal. Second, birefringence ranged from 0–21%, but values larger than 4% occurred only in shallow formations (<1200 m) within 40 km of California’s San Andreas fault. Third, at large scales birefringence tended to be blocky. That is, both the birefringence magnitude and the S-wave polarization azimuth were often consistent over depth intervals of several tens to hundreds of meters but then changed abruptly, sometimes by large amounts. Birefringence in some instances diminished with depth and in others increased with depth, but in almost every case a layer near the surface was more birefringent than the layer immediately below it. Fourth, observed birefringence patterns generally do not encourage use of multicomponent surface reflection seismic data for finding fractured hydrocarbon reservoirs, but they do encourage use of crossed‐dipole logs to examine them. That is, most reservoirs were birefringent, but none we studied showed increased birefringence confined to the reservoir.
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Bai, Zhiyong, Chun-Li Hu, Dongmei Wang, Lehui Liu, Lizhen Zhang, Yisheng Huang, Feifei Yuan, and Zhoubin Lin. "[Al(H2O)6](IO3)2(NO3): a material with enhanced birefringence induced by synergism of two superior functional motifs." Chemical Communications 56, no. 78 (2020): 11629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc04813e.

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A new strongly birefringent material was developed, and its strong birefringence was attributed to the synergy of the effects of its two superior birefringence-favourable anionic FBUs, namely (NO3) and (IO3) groups.
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Chen, Jianbang, Mengfan Wu, Jie Zhang, and Xuchu Huang. "Linear unit BN2: a novel birefringence-enhanced fundamental module with sp orbital hybridization." RSC Advances 12, no. 23 (2022): 14757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra02135h.

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The linear unit BN2 is discovered as a novel birefringence-enhanced fundamental module. Particularly, Ca3(BN2)N exhibits a large birefringence (0.411 at 1064 nm), which is about 2.0–3.5 times of the commercial used birefringent crystals, such as α-BaB2O4, CaCO3 and YVO4.
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Li, Jian Hua, Fei Huang, Yi Yang, Bao Fu Zhang, and Hua Zhou. "High Birefringent Terahertz Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on Material-Filled Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 462-463 (November 2013): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.462-463.599.

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A novel kind of high birefringent terahertz (THz) photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with material-filled structure is proposed in this paper. Based on the material-filled technology, which different materials are selectively filled into four air holes of the inner first circle near the central core in the designed THz PCFs, high birefringence are obtained from the structural and material-filled induced asymmetry in large frequency ranges near 1THz. Modal birefringence with different structural parameters and diverse refractive indices of the filled materials are investigated by plane wave expansion (PWE) method. The numerical results show that high birefringence up to 10-3can be obtained and its structure is simpler than that of the early proposed highly birefringent THz PCFs. It is helpful for PCFs design and real fabrication in the potential THz applications.
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Ohkita, H., A. Tagaya, and Y. Koike. "Synthesis of a Zero-Birefringence Polymer Doped with an Inorganic Birefringent Crystal." Solid State Phenomena 99-100 (July 2004): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.99-100.143.

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Birefringence induced by the orientation of polymer main chains during injectionmoulding or extrusion processing restricts the application of optical polymers to optical devices that require the polarization state of incident light to be maintained. To compensate this birefringence of polymers we propose using the “birefringent crystal dopant method” - homogeneous doping with an opposite birefringent needle-like crystal. Strontium carbonate (SrCO3) was selected for this purpose and synthesized, with a length of about 200nm and a width of about 20nm. SrCO3 was doped into poly(MMA/BzMA= 78/22(wt./wt.)) film. The film was uniaxially drawn at 130°C and 4mm/min. For the first time, the positive birefringence of the drawn copolymer film at a wavelength of 633nm was compensated by doping with 0.3wt.% of SrCO3 without loss of transparency and thermostability.
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Tiner, J. D. "Birefringent Spores Differentiate Encephalitozoon and Other Microsporidia from Coccidia." Veterinary Pathology 25, no. 3 (May 1988): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588802500307.

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Tissue sections containing protozoa with birefringent spores indicate an infection by microsporidia. Hematoxylin and cosin (HE) does not affect spore birefringence, but some special stains (Goodpasture, Brown and Brenn, or Gram) obscure it. Encephalitozoon cuniculi from an infected puppy, Glugea stephani from the winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus. and Plistophora sp. from the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica all have birefringent spores. Encephalitozoon was studied first and then the two genera from fishes were included for comparison. Small masses of newly formed spores (pseudocysts) line Glugea cysts and then merge into the contents of the cyst as it enlarges and bulges through the intestinal musculature to become subserosal. The birefringence of Plistophora is present in fully mature spores contained in pseudocysts, but may disappear when the spores are released and become involved in granulomas. Coccidians from various hosts were always non-birefringent. Whenever a protozoan organism in a tissue could be either microsporidian or coccidian, a test for birefringence, if positive, resolves the question. There may be no need to use a special stain.
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Wang, Jinhui, Xinyuan Zhang, Fei Liang, Zhanggui Hu, and Yicheng Wu. "Co-crystal AX·(H3C3N3O3) (A = Na, Rb, Cs; X = Br, I): a series of strongly anisotropic alkali halide cyanurates with a planar structural motif and large birefringence." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 33 (2021): 11555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt02217b.

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Zeng, Jian Hui, Xu You Li, and Wen Bin Hu. "A Novel High-Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fiber and its Polarization Maintaining Properties." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.185.

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A novel high-birefringent photonic crystal fiber (PCF) was proposed and analyzed by full-vector finite element method (FEM). The modal field and birefringence properties were investigated. All of air holes in proposed PCF are round, and their diameters are the same. It is greatly reduce the difficulty of fabrication. According to the results of numerical analysis, it can be observed that the mode birefringence of this novel PCF can be easily achieve the order of 10-3at 1.55μm. This research provides effective theoretical method for the fabrication, development and construction of high-birefringence photonic crystal fiber.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Birefringence"

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Myers, Terry W. "Tuning wavelength selective birefringent optical fiber filters using twist birefringence." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1991. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3739.

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A novel physical tuning mechanism for optical fiber filters is proposed and studied. To explore tuning mechanisms, a theoretical model of a Sole birefringent fiber filter is described. The coherency equation of motion for a birefringent filter is solved by transforming to the Stokes-Mueller matrix equation via the measurable Stokes parameters. The Mueller matrix is then expanded in a Taylor series using the generators of the Lorentz transformations. The Stokes vectors and Mueller matrices provide a theoretical formalism which is used to simulate an experimental set-up and to describe the transmission of light through a birefringent fiber filter system. Hence, the theoretical expression for the transmission spectra incident on a detector is derived. This expression is then transformed to the more convenient fourier series form. This form is used to determine the particular type of perturbation necessary to tune a filter. Specifically, a tuning mechanism utilizing twist birefringence is proposed and analyzed. Moreover, we show using theoretical and computer simulation studies that twist birefringence tunes a filter spectra over a narrow but usable range, provided each stage in the filter is twisted at the same rate. For example, a twist birefringence of 85.7 rad/m generated a 42.8 nm tuning range on the filter spectra of a three-stage Sole-type fiber filter when each optical fiber stage is linearly birefringent with a beat length of 18.94 mm at 1282 nm.
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Geday, Morten A. "Birefringence imaging." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365446.

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Pajdzik, Lucjan Adam. "Three-dimensional birefringence imaging." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442916.

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Raynolds, James E. "Strain-induced birefringence in GaAs /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487859879941051.

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Harrison, Neil J. "Laser induced birefringence in pure liquids." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305404.

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Schuh, R. E. "Characterisation of birefringence in optical fibres." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363546.

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Ahmed, S. U. "Polarisation coupling in high birefringence fibres." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313837.

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Hinds, Ian Charles. "Characterisation of colloids by electric birefringence." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336307.

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Strack, Florian. "Birefringence and elasticity of overstreched DNA /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8575309.

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Strack, Florian. "Birefringence and elasticity of overstretched DNA." [S.l.] : Universität Konstanz , Fakultät für Physik, 1999. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8501020.

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Books on the topic "Birefringence"

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Evans, Myron W. Relativistic birefringence and dichroism. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell Theory Center, Cornell University, 1990.

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Enrique, Saiz, ed. Dipole moments and birefringence of polymers. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1992.

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Valis, Tomas. Distributed fiber optic sensing based on counterpropagating waves. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 1989.

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Evans, Myron W. Circular and axial birefringence due to net angular momentum. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell Theory Center, Cornell University, 1990.

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Wise, R. J. An assessment of weld heterogenetics in PMMA using birefringence. Cambridge: TWI, 1999.

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Taylor, Mark Richard. Photochromic liquid crystals: As studied by time resolved Raman scattering and birefringence. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1993.

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Evans, Myron W. Electrodynamics of a rotating body: Relativistic theory of circular and axial birefringence. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell Theory Center, Cornell University, 1991.

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Evans, Myron W. Electrodynamics of a rotating body: Relativistic theory of circular and axial birefringence. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell Theory Center, Cornell University, 1990.

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Evans, Myron W. Semi-classical theory of laser induced circular birefringence, resonance, and optical activity in scattered radiation. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell Theory Center, Cornell University, 1990.

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Evans, Myron W. The violation of parity and reversality in molecular ensembles: Part 1, field induced circular and axial birefringence. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell Theory Center, Cornell University, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Birefringence"

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Weik, Martin H. "birefringence." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 124. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_1588.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Birefringence." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 81. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1325.

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Darracott-Cankovic, Sally. "Muscle birefringence." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 377–402. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1713-5_17.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Strain Birefringence." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 703. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11257.

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Wakabayashi, Makoto. "Orientation Birefringence." In Computer Simulation of Polymeric Materials, 379–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0815-3_28.

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Weik, Martin H. "birefringence noise." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 124. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_1589.

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Françon, M., N. Krauzman, J. P. Mathieu, and M. May. "Artificial Birefringence." In Experiments in Physical Optics, 175–84. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003062349-16.

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Tagaya, Akihiro. "Birefringence of Polymer." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 1–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_116-1.

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Tagaya, Akihiro. "Birefringence of Polymer." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 219–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2_116.

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Chipman, Russell A., Wai-Sze Tiffany Lam, and Garam Young. "Stress-Induced Birefringence." In Polarized Light and Optical Systems, 879–908. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2019. | Series: Optical sciences and applications of light: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351129121-25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Birefringence"

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Iwata, Shuichi, Hisashi Tsukahara, Eisuke Nihei, and Yasuhiro Koike. "Transparent Birefringence-free Copolymer and its Application." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.mb.3.

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The birefringence-free copolymer was prepared by randomly copolymerizing positive and negative birefringent monomers. The birefringence-free copolymer showed excellent transparency and no microscopic heterogeneous structures were observed. As a novel application of the birefringence-free copolymer, we propose the polarization preserving polymer optical fiber (POF).
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Eblen, Jr., John P., William J. Gunning, Donald B. Taber, Pochi Yeh, Mohsen Khoshnevisan, James Beedy, and Leonard G. Hale. "Thin-film birefringent devices based on form birefringence." In SPIE's 1994 International Symposium on Optics, Imaging, and Instrumentation, edited by James D. Rancourt. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.185795.

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Wai, P. K. A., C. R. Menyuk, and H. H. Chen. "Effects of randomly varying birefringence on soliton interactions in optical fibers." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.mrr4.

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The effect of a randomly oriented birefringence on soliton interaction is studied numerically. The random variation in birefringence in linearly birefringent fibers is modeled by random shift in orientation of the birefringence axes and a random phase difference between the pulse amplitudes in the two polarizations which occurs periodically. Analytical calculations show that the averaged behavior is governed by the Manakov equation.1 The evolution of a pair of solitons with an initial pulse separation T0 ranging from 2τ to 70τ is studied, where T is the soliton pulse width. It is observed that for T0 < 10τ, the interaction is dominated by the phase-dependent short range interaction. The randomly varying birefringence leads to breakup of a two-soliton pair that is originally in phase. For T0 > 10τ, the solitons interact through the dispersive radiation that is generated by the random birefringence, but the interaction is too weak to explain the phase independent long-range interaction observed experimentally.3
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Wabnitz, Stefan, and Stefano Trillo. "Bloch Wave Theory of Modulational Polarization Instabilities in a Birefringent Fiber." In Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgw.1996.fb.4.

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The nonlinear polarization changes of an intense pump wave in optical birefringent fibers [1, 2] may substantially affect the parametric gain spectra of a frequency detuned signal. Although this effect is important for several applications involving birefringent fibers in fiber lasers and switches, earlier analyses of parametric gain have been restricted to cases where no pump polarization rotation occurs [3]-[7]. In fact, only the cases where the input polarisation of the pump beam is coupled on either one of the birefringence axes, or equally split between the axes of a high-birefringence fiber, were considered. We present here the full pump-power dependence of the modulational gain spectra for an arbitrary input polarization state of the pump with respect to the birefringence axes. We believe that the present analysis is crucial for a proper description of the experimental results [8]-[10] and for assessing the practical applicability of the modulational instability gain for all-optical processing devices.
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Feldman, Sandra F., Doreen A. Weinberger, and Herbert G. Winful. "Observation of modulational gain and analysis of polarization instabilities in optical fiber with twist." In Integrated Photonics Research. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1990.wb3.

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When birefringence induced through the optical Kerr effect in an unperturbed, weakly birefringent fiber is comparable with the natural fiber birefringence, polarization instability and asymmetry between the fast and slow fiber axes arise. A signature of the instability is that small changes in input intensity may result in large changes in intensity transmitted through a crossed polarizer at the fiber exit, leading to the possibility of substantial amplitude modulation (AM) gain.
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Newstein, M., K. Lin, K. C. Liu, M. Rhoades, and Martin G. Cohen. "Effect of intracavity birefringent elements on mode characteristics of solid-state laser resonators." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.fk5.

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It is well known that the addition of intracavity birefringence elements in solid-state laser resonators can lead to significant modification of the mode characteristics when thermal birefringence in the laser rod is significant. We have developed a theoretical model of the birefringent laser to analyze this class of problems and have used it to derive the spatial and polarization properties of a cw-pumped Nd:YAG laser operating with intracavity birefringent elements for frequency doubling. In particular, the effects of a type II SHG crystal (KTP) and a fundamental quarterwave plate in a configuration described previously have been studied and compared with the experimental results.
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Winful, Herbert G. "Interaction between ellipse rotation and Faraday rotation in birefringent nonlinear media." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.tud9.

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A lightwave propagating parallel to an applied magnetic field in a dielectric medium will experience a rotation of its plane of polarization by an amount given by θ = VHL. Here V is the Verdet constant, H is the magnetic field strength, and L is the length of the medium. This effect, known as Faraday rotation, is the basis for the operation of magnetooptic current sensors which use optical fibers as the dielectric medium. It is also known through the work of Maker, Terhune, and Savage that an intense elliptically polarized lightwave in a nonlinear dielectric will suffer a rotation of its vibrational ellipse as a result of the intensity-dependent refractive index. Each of these rotatory effects is drastically influenced by the presence of linear birefringence which quenches the rotatory power in the Faraday effect and leads to polarization instabilities in ellipse rotation. In this paper we present a coupled mode theory that yields exact solutions for the interaction between Faraday rotation, ellipse rotation, and linear birefringence in a nonlinear dielectric. The theory shows that competition between the linear and circular birefringences leads to the formation of kink (topological) solitons. One practical result of the theory is that ellipse rotation can be used to enhance the sensitivity of magnetooptic current sensors that rely on Faraday rotation in birefringent fibers.
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Zhang, Wenfu, Jihong Liu, Wei-Ping Huang, and Wei Zhao. "Birefringence and formed birefringence in photonic crystal line waveguides." In Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings 2009, edited by Zishen Zhao, Ray T. Chen, Yong Chen, Jinzhong Yu, Junqiang Sun, and Weiwei Dong. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.843462.

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Winful, Herbert G., and Andong Hu. "Intensity discrimination with twisted birefringent optical fibers." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.tud5.

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Intensity-dependent polarization effects in birefringent optical fibers have been used by several workers to achieve pulse shaping and intensity discrimination. In that application, the low intensity parts of a pulse transmitted through the fiber are blocked by an output polarizer while the high intensity part, which undergoes nonlinear polarization rotation, is transmitted. We recently reported a theory of this effect which shows that for fibers with well-defined principal axes, nonlinear polarization changes cannot occur if the input polarization is along a principal axis and the intensity is below the critical value for the fast axis instability. Experimentally, it has been noted that the virtually unavoidable twists present in any real fiber play an important role in determining the output polarization state. In this paper we present a theory of intensity-dependent polarization changes in twisted birefringent fibers. The theory takes into account the twist-induced circular birefringence and shows that twist can enhance the nonlinear transmission of fiber-optic devices that rely on nonlinear birefringence.
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Yamada, Yukiko, Akihiro Tagaya, and Yasuhiro Koike. "Birefringence analysis of a photonics polymer doped with a birefringent crystal." In SPIE OPTO: Integrated Optoelectronic Devices, edited by Robert L. Nelson, François Kajzar, and Toshikuni Kaino. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.807606.

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Reports on the topic "Birefringence"

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Hagen, Nathan A., Derek S. Sabatke, James F. Scholl, Peter A. Jansson, Weinong W. Chen, Eustace L. Dereniak, and David T. Sass. Compact Methods for Measuring Stress Birefringence. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada456972.

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Chen, Cecilia. Validating Laser-Induced Birefringence Theory with Plasma Interferometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1234605.

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Wu, Shin-Tson. High Birefringence Liquid Crystals and Wide-View Electronic Lens. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada433989.

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Mishra, Vinod K. Analytical Approach to Polarization Mode Dispersion in Linearly Spun Fiber With Birefringence. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598949.

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Curtis R. Menyuk and Gary M. Carter. Effects of Birefringence and Nonlinearity on Optical Pulse Propagation in New Types of Optical Fibers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840084.

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Danyluk, S., and S. Ostapenka. Full Field Birefringence Measurement of Grown-In Stresses in Thin Silicon Sheet: Final Technical Report, 2 January 2002 - 15 January 2008. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/941480.

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Lee, S. A., W. M. Jr Fairbank, W. H. Toki, J. L. Hall, P. F. Jr Kraushaar, and T. S. Jaffery. Measurement of the magnetically-induced QED birefringence of the vacuum and an improved search for laboratory axions: Technical report. Project definition study of the use of assets and facilities of the Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10107194.

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Alexander, S. Birefringent Gravitational Waves and the Consistency Check of Inflation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839588.

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Frigo, Nicholas J., Vincent J. Urick, and Frank Bucholtz. Modeling Interferometric Structures with Birefringent Elements: A Linear Vector-Space Formalism. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594532.

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Chen, C. J., P. K. A. Wai, and C. R. Menyuk. Final report on spectral broadening by cross-phase modulation in linearly birefringent optical fibers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10144448.

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