Journal articles: 'Birds – Identification'

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Zhang, Shanshan, Hong Ying, Gesang Pingcuo, Shuo Wang, Fan Zhao, Yongning Cui, Jian Shi, Hu Zeng, and Xiuli Zeng. "Identification of Potential Metabolites Mediating Bird’s Selective Feeding on Prunus mira Flowers." BioMed Research International 2019 (June 23, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1395480.

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In peach orchards, birds severely damage flowers during blossom season, decreasing the fruit yield potential. However, the wild peach species Prunus mira shows intraspecific variations of bird damage, indicating that some of the wild trees have developed strategies to avert bird foraging. Motivated by this observation, we formulated the present study to identify the potential flower metabolites mediating the bird’s selective feeding behavior in P. mira flowers. The birds’ preferred (FG) and avoided (BFT) flowers were collected from wild P. mira trees at three different locations, and their metabolite contents were detected, quantified, and compared. The widely-targeted metabolomics approach was employed to detect a diverse set of 603 compounds, predominantly, organic acids, amino acid derivatives, nucleotide and its derivatives, and flavones. By quantitatively comparing the metabolite contents between FG and BFT, three candidate metabolites, including Eriodictiol 6-C-hexoside 8-C-hexoside-O-hexoside, Luteolin O-hexosyl-O-hexosyl-O-hexoside, and Salvianolic acid A, were differentially accumulated and showed the same pattern across the three sampling locations. Distinctly, Salvianolic acid A was abundantly accumulated in FG but absent in BFT, implying that it may be the potential metabolite attracting birds in some P. mira flowers. Overall, this study sheds light on the diversity of the floral metabolome in P. mira and suggests that the bird’s selective feeding behavior may be mediated by variations in floral metabolite contents.

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Purwaningrum, Medania, Herjuno Ari Nugroho, Machmud Asvan, Karyanti Karyanti, Bertha Alviyanto, Randy Kusuma, and Aris Haryanto. "Molecular techniques for sex identification of captive birds." Veterinary World 12, no. 9 (September 2019): 1506–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1506-1513.

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Background and Aim: Many avian species are considered sexually monomorphic. In monomorphic bird species, especially in young birds, sex is difficult to identify based on an analysis of their external morphology. Accurate sex identification is essential for avian captive breeding and evolutionary studies. Methods with varying degrees of invasiveness such as vent sexing, laparoscopic surgery, steroid sexing, and chromosome inspection (karyotyping) are used for sex identification in monomorphic birds. This study aimed to assess the utility of a non-invasive molecular marker for gender identification in a variety of captive monomorphic birds, as a strategy for conservation. Materials and Methods: DNA was isolated from feather samples from 52 individuals representing 16 species of 11 families indigenous to both Indonesia and elsewhere. We amplified the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) gene using polymerase chain reaction with MP, NP, and PF primers to amplify introns with lengths that differ between the CHD-W and the CHD-Z genes, allowing sex discrimination because the W chromosome is exclusively present in females. Results: Molecular bird sexing confirmed 33 females and 19 males with 100% accuracy. We used sequencing followed by alignment on one protected bird species (Probosciger aterrimus). Conclusion: Sex identification may be accomplished noninvasively in birds, because males only have Z sex chromosomes, whereas females have both Z and W chromosomes. Consequently, the presence of a W-unique DNA sequence identifies an individual as female. Sexing of birds is vital for scientific research, and to increase the success rate of conservation breeding programs.

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Griffiths, Richard. "Sex identification in birds." Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 9, no. 1 (January 2000): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1055-937x(00)80012-2.

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Sinyo, Bayu A., L. Lambey, F. Kairupan, and J. Keintjem. "KAJIAN WARNA DAN CORAK BULU PADA BURUNG WERIS DI KOTA KOTAMOBAGU SULAWESI UTARA." ZOOTEC 34, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.34.1.2014.3878.

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ABSTRACT STUDY ON FEATHER PATTERN AND COLORS OF “WERIS” BIRDS IN CITY OF KOTAMOBAGU. Mandar bird (Gallirallus) which in local language known as Weris (Minahasa), and Boruit (Kotamobagu) is a bird in the family Rallidae, are a family of birds that have small to medium body size. General habitat of this bird species is swamp, near a river or lake. Weris birds generally breed in densely vegetated areas According Rusila (1994). Identify an issue in the study is the identification of colors and feather patterns, two species weris birds that exist in Kotamobagus (North Sulawesi). The purpose of this study was to obtain date on the diversity of colors and patterns that exist in weris birds of Kotamobagu,Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi. The expected benefits of this research is to provide information on the identification of plumage color and pattern weris birds, useful breeding process.Weris birds in Indonesia consists of several types, based on the results of research conducted in Kotamobagu Bolaang Mongondow North Sulawesi weris got 2 different types of birds that Gallirallus Philipensis and Gallirallus torquatus. Both types of weris birds have different key characters can be seen from theoutside or exterior appearance, that is the difference of colors and patterns. Key words : Weris Birds, Color, and Patterns

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Brom, Tim G. "Microscopic Identification of Feathers and Feather Fragments of Palearctic Birds." Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 56, no. 2 (1986): 181–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660644-05602001.

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Using light microscopy, a method has been developed for the identification of feathers and feather fragments collected after collisions between birds and aircraft. Characters of the downy barbules of feathers are described for 22 orders of birds. The use of a key in combination with the macroscopic method of comparing feathers with bird skins in a museum collection results in identification to order or family level in 97% of the analysed bird strikes. Application of the method to other fields of biological research including taxonomy is discussed.

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Giorgio, Antonella, Salvatore De Bonis, Rosario Balestrieri, Giovanni Rossi, and Marco Guida. "The Isolation and Identification of Bacteria on Feathers of Migratory Bird Species." Microorganisms 6, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6040124.

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Worldwide, bacteria are the most ubiquitous microorganisms, and it has been extensively demonstrated that migratory wild birds can increase bacterial global scale dispersion through long-distance migration and dispersal. The microbial community hosted by wild birds can be highly diverse, including pathogenic strains that can contribute to infections and disease spread. This study focused on feather and plumage bacteria within bird microbial communities. Samples were collected during ornithological activities in a bird ringing station. Bacterial identification was carried out via DNA barcoding of the partial 16S rRNA gene. Thirty-seven isolates of bacteria were identified on the chest feathers of 60 migratory birds belonging to three trans-Saharan species: Muscicapa striata, Hippolais icterina, and Sylvia borin. Our results demonstrate the possibility of bacterial transfer, including pathogens, through bird migration between very distant countries. The data from the analysis of plumage bacteria can aid in the explanation of phenomena such as migratory birds’ fitness or the development of secondary sexual traits. Moreover, these results have deep hygienic–sanitary implications, since many bird species have synanthropic behaviors during their migration that increase the probability of disease spread.

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Torres, Christopher R., Mark A. Norell, and Julia A. Clarke. "Bird neurocranial and body mass evolution across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction: The avian brain shape left other dinosaurs behind." Science Advances 7, no. 31 (July 2021): eabg7099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg7099.

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Birds today are the most diverse clade of terrestrial vertebrates, and understanding why extant birds (Aves) alone among dinosaurs survived the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction is crucial to reconstructing the history of life. Hypotheses proposed to explain this pattern demand identification of traits unique to Aves. However, this identification is complicated by a lack of data from non-avian birds. Here, we interrogate survivorship hypotheses using data from a new, nearly complete skull of Late Cretaceous (~70 million years) bird Ichthyornis and reassess shifts in bird body size across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Ichthyornis exhibited a wulst and segmented palate, previously proposed to have arisen within extant birds. The origin of Aves is marked by larger, reshaped brains indicating selection for relatively large telencephala and eyes but not by uniquely small body size. Sensory system differences, potentially linked to these shifts, may help explain avian survivorship relative to other dinosaurs.

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Zaugg, Serge, Gilbert Saporta, Emiel van Loon, Heiko Schmaljohann, and Felix Liechti. "Automatic identification of bird targets with radar via patterns produced by wing flapping." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 5, no. 26 (March 10, 2008): 1041–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2007.1349.

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Bird identification with radar is important for bird migration research, environmental impact assessments (e.g. wind farms), aircraft security and radar meteorology. In a study on bird migration, radar signals from birds, insects and ground clutter were recorded. Signals from birds show a typical pattern due to wing flapping. The data were labelled by experts into the four classes BIRD, INSECT, CLUTTER and UFO (unidentifiable signals). We present a classification algorithm aimed at automatic recognition of bird targets. Variables related to signal intensity and wing flapping pattern were extracted (via continuous wavelet transform). We used support vector classifiers to build predictive models. We estimated classification performance via cross validation on four datasets. When data from the same dataset were used for training and testing the classifier, the classification performance was extremely to moderately high. When data from one dataset were used for training and the three remaining datasets were used as test sets, the performance was lower but still extremely to moderately high. This shows that the method generalizes well across different locations or times. Our method provides a substantial gain of time when birds must be identified in large collections of radar signals and it represents the first substantial step in developing a real time bird identification radar system. We provide some guidelines and ideas for future research.

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Khatri-Chhetri, Upama, John G. Woods, Ian R. Walker, and P. Jeff Curtis. "Origin identification of migratory pests (European Starling) using geochemical fingerprinting." PeerJ 8 (May 4, 2020): e8962. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8962.

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The European Starling (Sturnidae: Sturnus vulgaris L.) is an invasive bird in North America where it is an agricultural pest. In British Columbia (Canada), the starling population increases in orchards and vineyards in autumn, where they consume and damage ripening fruits. Starlings also cause damage in dairy farms and feedlots by consuming and contaminating food and spreading diseases. Damage can be partly mitigated by the use of scare devices, which can disperse flocks until they become habituated. Large-scale trapping and euthanizing before starlings move to fields and farms could be a practical means of preventing damage, but requires knowledge of natal origin. Within a small (20,831 km2), agriculturally significant portion of south-central British Columbia, the Okanagan-Similkameen region, we used 21 trace elements in bone tissue to discriminate the spatial distribution of juvenile starlings and to reveal the geographic origin of the problem birds in fall. Stepwise discriminant analysis of trace elements classified juveniles to their natal origin (minimum discrimination distance of 12 km) with 79% accuracy. In vineyards and orchards, the majority (55%) of problem birds derive from northern portions of the valley; and the remaining 45% of problem birds were a mixture of local and immigrant/unassigned birds. In contrast, problem birds in dairy farms and feedlots were largely immigrants/unassigned (89%) and 11% were local from northern region of the valley. Moreover, elemental signatures can separate starling populations in the Valley yielding a promising tool for identifying the geographic origin of these migratory birds.

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Yudkin, V. A., and M. A. Grabovski. "QUANTITATIVE METHOD OF ESTIMATE OF AERODROME BIRDS HAZARD RISK." Civil Aviation High TECHNOLOGIES 21, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2018-21-4-48-59.

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The formalized parameters of bird hazard assessment at the aerodrome are presented. The size of total biomass of all birds that are in a zone of aircraft movement reflects the aggregate characteristic of ornithological hazard. This is a dynamic parameter, its dimensionality is kg/hour‧km2. The size of biomass is differentiated on high-altitude layers and the directions of its movement. In addition, it is necessary to estimate activity of each bird species at the aerodrome as component parts of bird hazard. Its dimensionality is individuals/hour‧km2. One more parameter of aerodrome bird hazard in the assessment process of activity of each bird species is the behavior pattern of birds in aerodrome airspace. This parameter will allow to reveal the sources of bird arrivals at the airfield and to detect the causes of it. Assessment of this share is necessary to choose the effective measures to decrease bird strike risk. The birds recording technique at airfield has been designed to obtain quantitative values of main parameters of bird hazard. The birds recording is carried out from the observation points located on the opposite sides of the runway. The birds recording technique is based on visual detection of birds, identification of species, sex and age determination, expert estimate of altitude and direction of their movement. Except the flying birds, the foraging and resting birds on the ground are also considered. The contribution of these birds to the aggregate value of ornithological hazard is bigger than overflying birds. The birds recording technique is described in detail. The norms and frequency of birds recording to obtain data on daily and seasonal dynamics of aerodrome bird hazard are substantiated. The algorithm of processing the results of birds recording and calculation of the main parameters value of bird hazard is stated. Gradations of bird hazard and relevant measures to decrease quantity of birds at airfield are proposed.

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Hebert, Paul D. N., Mark Y. Stoeckle, Tyler S. Zemlak, and Charles M. Francis. "Identification of Birds through DNA Barcodes." PLoS Biology 2, no. 10 (September 28, 2004): e312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020312.

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Granzow, Elinor. "Microchip placement for identification of birds." Lab Animal 37, no. 1 (January 2008): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban0108-21.

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FOX, ELIZABETH J. S., J. DALE ROBERTS, and MOHAMMED BENNAMOUN. "CALL-INDEPENDENT INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION IN BIRDS." Bioacoustics 18, no. 1 (January 2008): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2008.9753590.

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Saroyo, Saroyo, and Hanny H. Pontororing. "Pelatihan Identifikasi dan Pengamatan Burung bagi Pemandu Wisata Alam Tangkoko di Kota Bitung." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.12.1.2012.395.

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PELATIHAN IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENGAMATAN BURUNG BAGI PEMANDU WISATA ALAM TANGKOKO DI KOTA BITUNG ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat tentang pelatihan identifikasi dan pengamatan burung bagi pemandu wisata alam Tangkoko Kota Bitung dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam pengamatan dan identifikasi burung. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Cagar Alam Tangkoko-Batuangus dan Taman Wisata Alam Batuputih Kota Bitung. Kegiatan dilaksanakan selama 10 bulan dari Januari sampai dengan Oktober 2010. Peserta kegiatan berjumlah 52 orang yang terdiri dari pemandu wisata alam dan calon pemandu yang berdomisili di sekitar kawasan konservasi di Kota Bitung. Kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan meliputi Kegiatan yang telah dilakukan adalah pelatihan tentang birdwatching yang meliputi kegiatan-kegiatan: pemberian teori tentang metode pengenalan dan identifikasi burung dan praktek lapangan dalam penggunaan alat-alat birdwatching dan pengenalan serta identifikasi burung. Evaluasi dilaksanakan dengan metode pre-test dan pos-test untuk mengukur pengetahuan dasar tentang birdwatching dan uji keterampilan dengan parameter: kemampuan mengunakan binoluler, pembuatan sketsa burung, dan ketepatan identifikasi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan: pre-tes rata-rata dari seluruh peserta adalah 4,8 dan hasil post-test rata-rata adalah 7,4; dan pengamatan penggunaan binoluler, pembuatan sketsa burung, dan ketepatan identifikasi rata-rata dari seluruh peserta adalah 90% kategori cukup dan 10% kategori baik. Dengan hasil di atas maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat telah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam pengamatan dan identifikasi burung. Kata kunci: Cagar Alam Tangkoko-Batuangus, pemandu wisata alam, pengamatan burung. IDENTIFICATION AND OBSERVATION OF BIRDS FOR TANGKOKO ECOTOURISM GUIDES AT BITUNG CITY ABSTRACT A public service about training in identification and observation of birds for Tangkoko ecotourism guides at Bitung City. The aims of this activity were to improve their knowledge and skill in bird identification and observation. The activity was taken place at Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve and Batuputih Ecotourism Park, Bitung city during 10 months from January to october 2010.paricipants consisted of 52 members of ecotourism guides and candidates surrounding the conservation areas. asi di Kota Bitung. Kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan meliputi training activities consisted of teaching in method on introduction and identification of birds, field practicing on bird-watching equipments, observation and identification of birds. Evaluation was done using pre-test and post-test method, and skills in bird-watching skill in using binocular, drawing bird morphology, and identification precisely. Results showed that: average of pre-test was 4.8 while the post-test was 7.4, the score of using binocular, drawing bird morphology, and identification precisely was 90% in moderate category and 10% in good category. From those above results, it can be concluded that this program has improved knowledge and skill in bird identification and observation Keywords: Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, Ecotourism guide, bird-watching

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Ashton, Helen. "Britain’s Birds: An identification Guide to the Birds of Britain and Ireland." Reference Reviews 31, no. 3 (March 20, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr-11-2016-0270.

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Drever, Mark C., Dominique Chabot, Patrick D. O'Hara, Jeffrey D. Thomas, André Breault, and Rhonda L. Millikin. "Evaluation of an unmanned rotorcraft to monitor wintering waterbirds and coastal habitats in British Columbia, Canada." Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2015-0019.

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The effective protection of coastal and estuarine habitats requires reliable monitoring information on their use by waterbirds, and the use of small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) may provide access to these habitats without disturbing birds. We evaluated the use of a rotary-wing UAS with a high-end consumer camera to identify and count wintering waterbirds at two coastal sites in British Columbia, Canada, in January 2015, and to map mudflat and marsh habitats. Photos of shorebirds, waterfowl, and seabird species were taken at varying altitudes, and disturbance of birds appeared minimal when the UAS was flown at heights ≥61 m. A ground resolution of ~1 cm/pixel was needed to discern plumage characteristics necessary to reliably identify birds. For some duck species, identification of females relied on body size or close association with a nearby male. Photographs were also used to derive accurate counts of shorebirds. For diving birds, accurate counts from photographs will require information on the proportion of birds on the water surface. Orthomosaics of coastal habitats were constructed with sufficient detail to assess ecological and geomorphological features. The UAS can therefore assist with bird species identification, population assessment, and characterization of habitat types.

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SUMARDIKA, I. PUTU AGUS, I. KETUT GINANTRA, and I. B. MADE SUASKARA. "KEKAYAAN JENIS BURUNG DI PULAU SERANGAN, BALI." Jurnal Biologi Udayana 21, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2017.vol21.i02.p04.

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This study aims to determine the species richness of bird species on the island of Serangan, Bali in February and March 2016. Observations were made of 20 time, which is held in the morning (06.00-09.00 am) and afternoon (15.00-18.00 pm). Observations were made on five types of habitat that are beaches, mangroves, lagoons, forest plantations and settlements. The study was conducted by recording ten species methods. Identification of species of birds refers to the morphological characters of the and also by voice. The resultsshowed 55 species of birds are found in five types of habitat which is included in 30 families, 25 types of which are species of shore birds and 30 species are terrestrial birds. In the lagoon habitat found 46 species, on mangrove found 28 species, forest plants are found 22 species, Beach habitat are found 20 species and settlements are found 14 species of birds. Similarity index of bird species in each habitat were: the beachmangrove 63%, beach-lagoon 61%, coast-forest plants 48%, beach-residential 47%, mangrove-lagoon 68%, mangrove-forest plants 52%, mangrove-residential 48%, the lagoon-forest plants 47%, the lagoon-residential 40%, plantations-residential 56%. Of the 55 species of birds were found, 15 species are protected birds and 12 species are migratory birds.

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QUAH, J. X., S. AMBU, Y. A. L. LIM, M. A. K. MAHDY, and J. W. MAK. "Molecular identification ofCryptosporidium parvumfrom avian hosts." Parasitology 138, no. 5 (January 14, 2011): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182010001691.

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SUMMARYCryptosporidiumspecies are protozoan parasites that infect humans and a wide variety of animals. This study was aimed at identifyingCryptosporidiumspecies and genotypes isolated from avian hosts. A total of 90 samples from 37 different species of birds were collected throughout a 3-month period from April 2008 to June 2008 in the National Zoo of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Prior to molecular characterization, all samples were screened forCryptosporidiumusing a modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. Subsequently samples were analysed with nested-PCR targeting the partial SSU rRNA gene. Amplicons were sequenced in both directions and used for phylogenetic analysis using Neighbour-Joining and Maximum Parsimony methods. Although 9 (10%) samples were positive forCryptosporidiumvia microscopy, 8 (8·9%) produced amplicons using nested PCR. Phylogenetic trees identified all the isolates asCryptosporidium parvum. AlthoughC. parvumhas not been reported to cause infection in birds, and the role of birds in this study was postulated mainly as mechanical transporters, these present findings highlight the significant public health risk posed by birds that harbour the zoonotic species ofCryptosporidium.

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Yoshimura, Takashi, Shinobu Yasuo, Yoshikazu Suzuki, Eri Makino, Yuki Yokota, and Shizufumi Ebihara. "Identification of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in birds." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 280, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): R1185—R1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.4.r1185.

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Circadian rhythms are generated by an internal biological clock. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus is known to be the dominant biological clock regulating circadian rhythms in mammals. In birds, two nuclei, the so-called medial SCN (mSCN) and the visual SCN (vSCN), have both been proposed to be the avian SCN. However, it remains an unsettled question which nuclei are homologous to the mammalian SCN. We have identified circadian clock genes in Japanese quail and demonstrated that these genes are expressed in known circadian oscillators, the pineal and the retina. Here, we report that these clock genes are expressed in the mSCN but not in the vSCN in Japanese quail, Java sparrow, chicken, and pigeon. In addition, mSCN lesions eliminated or disorganized circadian rhythms of locomotor activity under constant dim light, but did not eliminate entrainment under light-dark (LD) cycles in pigeon. However, the lesioned birds became completely arrhythmic even under LD after the pineal and the eye were removed. These results indicate that the mSCN is a circadian oscillator in birds.

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Katayane, Falicia A., B. Bagau, F. R. Wolayan, and M. R. Imbar. "PRODUKSI DAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN MAGGOT (HERMETIA ILLUCENS) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA TUMBUH BERBEDA." ZOOTEC 34 (June 4, 2014): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.34.0.2014.4791.

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ABSTRACT PRODUCTION AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF MAGGOT (HERMETIA ILLUCENS)USING DIFFERENT GROWTH MEDIA. Mandar bird (Gallirallus) called “weris” bird in North Sulawesi, had been generally known in Minahasa and Kotamobagu areas. Bird in the family of the Rallidae have a small to medium body size. The purpose of this study was to obtain the morphometric characteristics of weris birds in the areas of Kotamobagu. The expected benefit of this study was to provide information about morphometric charaeteristics of weris birds, which is useful in the breeding process. Observation was focused on general habitat of this bird closed to river swamp or lake. Weris birds usually breed in thrive densely vegetation areas. Identification of the characteristics was following the morphometric characteristics of some species of weris bird found around areas Kotamobagu. Based on the results of study conducted in the areas of Kotamobagu North Sulawesi, it was found that there were two different types of weris birds consisted of the species of Gallirallus philippensis and species of Gallirallus torquatus . These two types of birds have different characteristics that can be seen from the outside or exterior appearance, and also can be seen from the size. The species of Gallirallus philippensis has smaller body size compared to species of Gallirallus torquatus. Keywords : Weris bird, Morfomertric characteristics. Kotamobagu Areas.

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CROCKFORD, NICOLA J., and GRAEME M. BUCHANAN. "Volunteer survey effort for high-profile species can benefit conservation of non-focal species." Bird Conservation International 27, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000186.

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SummaryThe last irrefutable record of the Critically Endangered Slender-billed Curlew Numenius tenuirostris came from 1995. The range of the species is poorly known, but between 2009 and 2011, volunteer observers surveyed more than 680 sites in 19 countries, with additional search effort in a further 12 countries. Although there were no definite sightings (two birds that might have been Slender-billed Curlew were reported), there were other benefits. These included increased knowledge of species distributions and populations in seldom visited areas (over 500,000 birds of over 400 species were observed), the identification of threats to at least 10 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas, the identification of sites that could qualify as Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas, and capacity building and education through involvement with local survey teams and observers and finally recommendations for future surveys. Thus, these surveys demonstrate the potential benefits of volunteer field surveys for non-focal species.

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Mikula, Peter, Alexander Csanády, and Martin Hromada. "A critical evaluation of the exotic bird collection of the Šariš Museum in Bardejov, Slovakia." ZooKeys 776 (July 26, 2018): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.776.24462.

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A collection of exotic birds deposited in the Šariš Museum in Bardejov (SMB), Slovakia, has not been evaluated critically since their deposition. We assessed the accuracy of identification of 465 bird specimens deposited in SMB with native distributions outside of Slovakia. Specimens belonged to 322 species of 82 families and 26 orders. Of the specimen represented, 34 belonged to species considered as ‘near-threatened’ (7.3%), 16 as ‘vulnerable’ (3.4%) and one as ‘endangered’ (0.2%). The SMB collection holds 10 of 28 extant Cuban endemic species and another 11 species endemic to the Caribbean archipelago. Even among birds that are relatively easy to identify, many specimens were identified incorrectly or species identification was missing. Of 465 specimens evaluated, 95 (20.4%) were identified incorrectly or were missing species identification, and another 79 (17%) were identified correctly, but their names have changed over time due to taxonomic shift, thus they required correction.

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Stiles, Gary F. "Birds of Northern South America: an identification guide." Journal of Field Ornithology 78, no. 4 (December 7, 2007): 444–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2007.00137_4.x.

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Williams, Tony AJ. "Birds of Northern South America: an Identification Guide." Ostrich 79, no. 1 (April 2008): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/ostrich.2008.79.1.18.373.

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FUKAI, Norio. "Identification Notes of the Birds Banded in Kamtchatuka." Bulletin of the Japanese Bird Banding Association 22, no. 1_2 (2010): 64–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14491/jbba.22.64.

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Park, Ha-Young, Hye Sook Yoo, Gilla Jung, and Chang-Bae Kim. "New DNA barcodes for identification of Korean birds." Genes & Genomics 33, no. 2 (April 2011): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13258-010-0089-3.

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Daben, M. R., B. O. Echor, and S. A. Da’an. "Abundance and diversity of ectoparasites of wild birds in Pandam Wildlife Park, Plateau State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 41, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v41i1.2.

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Birds’ populations are being threatened by parasites that have not received adequate attention by parasitologists. This study aimed at evaluating the abundance and diversity of ectoparasites of the wild birds in Pandam Wildlife Park. A systematic five-month study of ectoparasites was conducted. Sixty-two (62) birds were trapped using mist nets and examined for ectoparasite infestation. Wool soaked with 70% ethanol, using gloved-protected-hand; ectoparasites were carefully extracted, preserved in sampling bottles containing 70% alcohol for morphological identification. A wide spectrum insecticide (0.09% tetrametrin and 0.45 piperronyl) was used to pulverize tiny parasites on the feather over a white paper. Overall, 4,066 ectoparasites belonging to 5 orders, 8 families, and 24 species were identified from the trapped birds. Fiftysix 56(90.3%) birds were found to be infested with ectoparasites, while 6(9.7%) had none. Phthirathera, and Siphonaptera were the most and least abundant respectively. The highest parasites found were lice (96.60%) and the least, fleas (0.02%). Wing predilection site had the highest infestation rate (83%), and the lowest was the leg (0.37%). The most caught and most infested bird species was the West African thrush bird Turdus pelios (14.28%), followed by the Red-checked cuckoo-shrike and Bronze manikin (10.70% and 7.14%) respectively. Least species of bird infested among others, were the African paradise king fisher, Blue-throated brown sunbird, Blue-spotted wood dove, and Blue-breasted fire finch (1.79%). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the rate of infestations among the caught and examined bird species. The study provided useful insight and knowledge on how diverse and abundant ectoparasites of bird species are in this park and possible vector-borne diseases that may have zoonotic potential. Keywords: Abundance; birds; ectoparasites; diversity; park; wildlife.

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Zhang, Pengfei, Shun Liu, and Qin Xu. "Identifying Doppler Velocity Contamination Caused by Migrating Birds. Part I: Feature Extraction and Quantification." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 22, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1757.1.

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Abstract Radar echoes from migrating birds can severely contaminate Doppler velocity measurements. For meteorological applications, especially quantitative applications in radar data assimilation, it is necessary to remove bird-contaminated velocity scans by using an automated identification technique. Such a technique should be also useful for ornithologists in selecting bird echoes automatically from radar scans. This technique can be developed in two steps: (i) extract the main features of migrating-bird echoes from reflectivity and Doppler velocity images and find proper parameters to quantify these features; (ii) utilize these parameters to develop an automated quality control procedure to identify and flag migrating-bird-contaminated Doppler velocity scans (sweeps). The first step is accomplished in this study (Part I) by identifying possible migrating-bird echoes in the level II data collected from the Oklahoma KTLX radar during the 2003 spring migrating season. The identifications are further verified by polarimetric radar measurements from the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) KOUN radar, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) IR images, and rawinsonde measurements. Three proper parameters are found, and their histograms are prepared for the second step of development (reported in Part II).

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Walters, Michael. "The identity of the birds depicted in Shaw and Miller's Cimelia physica." Archives of Natural History 36, no. 2 (October 2009): 316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0260954109001016.

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J. F. Miller's Icones animalium (1785) is a very rare book; only two copies (both incomplete) are known to survive. It is, however, nomenclaturally important, as some of Miller's names are the first for the species in question. A second edition was published in 1796 with a text by George Shaw. It is on this edition, entitled Cimelia physica, that much of the identification of Miller's names has been based. This author examined copies of both editions to determine whether variable colourings in different copies could have affected the identification of the species depicted. In fact, no departures from previous identifications resulted. The appendix discusses the bird plates.

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Hallman, Tyler A., and W. Douglas Robinson. "Teaching Bird Identification & Vocabulary with Twitter." American Biology Teacher 77, no. 6 (August 1, 2015): 458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2015.77.6.458.

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Species identification is essential to biology, conservation, and management. The ability to focus on specific diagnostic characteristics of a species helps improve the speed and accuracy of identification. Birds are excellent subjects for teaching species identification because, in combination with their different shapes and sizes, their plumages have distinctive colors and patterns that vary characteristically from species to species. Bird feather tracts have specific names so that proper descriptions of colors and patterns on those tracts can improve the precision and conciseness of identification criteria. We use popular social media (Twitter) to engage students in an exercise designed to familiarize them with avian species identification and improve their use and comprehension of vocabulary. This exercise can be used in higher education for ornithology and other identification courses, as well as in primary education as a basic introduction to species and biodiversity.

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Zhao, Zhicheng, Ze Luo, Jian Li, Kaihua Wang, and Bingying Shi. "Large-Scale Fine-Grained Bird Recognition Based on a Triplet Network and Bilinear Model." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 13, 2018): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101906.

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The main purpose of fine-grained classification is to distinguish among many subcategories of a single basic category, such as birds or flowers. We propose a model based on a triple network and bilinear methods for fine-grained bird identification. Our proposed model can be trained in an end-to-end manner, which effectively increases the inter-class distance of the network extraction features and improves the accuracy of bird recognition. When experimentally tested on 1096 birds in a custom-built dataset and on Caltech-UCSD (a public bird dataset), the model achieved an accuracy of 88.91% and 85.58%, respectively. The experimental results confirm the high generalization ability of our model in fine-grained image classification. Moreover, our model requires no additional manual annotation information such as object-labeling frames and part-labeling points, which guarantees good versatility and robustness in fine-grained bird recognition.

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Purwanto, Asep. "Kelimpahan Pakan Rusa (Cervus timorensis) di Taman Wisata Alam dan Cagar Alam Pangandaran." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v2i1.52.

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The research on abudance and species diversity of birt with the IPA (Indices Ponctuels d’Abondence). method was used to sample the birds in the Ciremai mount area, and also dird identification guide book for determine. A total of 60 individual birds belonging to 23 families and 46 species was recorded. The dominant family was silsiidae, comprising 8 species (13,33%) of the total species. The most abundant species in the mount Ciremai was the burung kacamata biasa (Zosterops palpebrosus). The analysis of abudance and species diversity of bird status was achieved about 11 endemic species, and 15 species as restricted range bird. Based on Indonesia Governmen Policy and IUCN International Convention, there are 21 species as the protected bird. There were 15 feeding guild group of bird include 48 species as insectivore, 8 species as carnivore and 4 species as herbivore. The factors with threat to bird population and its habitat are : 1). Illegal hunting, 2). Forest destruction and 3). Forest fire

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ANGST, D., E. BUFFETAUT, C. LÉCUYER, R. AMIOT, F. SMEKTALA, S. GINER, A. MÉCHIN, et al. "Fossil avian eggs from the Palaeogene of southern France: new size estimates and a possible taxonomic identification of the egg-layer." Geological Magazine 152, no. 1 (April 24, 2014): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756814000077.

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AbstractEggshell fragments attributed to large birds have been known from the Palaeogene of southern France for half a century, but reconstructing their original dimensions and identifying the birds that laid the eggs has been fraught with difficulties. On the basis of numerous newly collected specimens and using geometrical calculations, the original size of the thick-shelled eggs is reconstructed, showing that they were slightly larger than ostrich eggs, with a greatest length of 17.8 cm and a mean diameter of 12.0 cm in transversal section. The estimated volume is 1330.4 cm3. The fossil eggs from southern France are thus among the largest known avian eggs, being only surpassed byAepyornisand some moas. Estimated egg mass is about 1.4 kg. On the basis of egg mass, the body mass of the parent bird is estimated at between 135.4 kg and 156.4 kg, assuming that the hatchlings were precocial. These calculations are in good agreement with the dimensions and mass estimates for the Palaeogene giant birdGastornis, a probable anseriform, which lived in Europe at the time the eggs were laid. Other large Early Tertiary birds from Europe (Remiornis,Palaeotis) are too small to have laid these eggs. In all likelihood, the large eggs from the Palaeogene of southern France were laid by gastornithid birds.

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Niemi, Juha, and Juha Tanttu. "Deep Learning Case Study for Automatic Bird Identification." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112089.

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An automatic bird identification system is required for offshore wind farms in Finland. Indubitably, a radar is the obvious choice to detect flying birds, but external information is required for actual identification. We applied visual camera images as external data. The proposed system for automatic bird identification consists of a radar, a motorized video head and a single-lens reflex camera with a telephoto lens. A convolutional neural network trained with a deep learning algorithm is applied to the image classification. We also propose a data augmentation method in which images are rotated and converted in accordance with the desired color temperatures. The final identification is based on a fusion of parameters provided by the radar and the predictions of the image classifier. The sensitivity of this proposed system, on a dataset containing 9312 manually taken original images resulting in 2.44 × 106 augmented data set, is 0.9463 as an image classifier. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve for two key bird species is 0.9993 (the White-tailed Eagle) and 0.9496 (The Lesser Black-backed Gull), respectively. We proposed a novel system for automatic bird identification as a real world application. We demonstrated that our data augmentation method is suitable for image classification problem and it significantly increases the performance of the classifier.

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Dobreva, Mariya P., Joshua G. Lynton-Jenkins, Jaime A. Chaves, Masayoshi Tokita, Camille Bonneaud, and Arkhat Abzhanov. "Sex identification in embryos and adults of Darwin’s finches." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): e0237687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237687.

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Darwin’s finches are an iconic example of adaptive radiation and evolution under natural selection. Comparative genetic studies using embryos of Darwin’s finches have shed light on the possible evolutionary processes underlying the speciation of this clade. Molecular identification of the sex of embryonic samples is important for such studies, where this information often cannot be inferred otherwise. We tested a fast and simple chicken embryo protocol to extract DNA from Darwin’s finch embryos. In addition, we applied minor modifications to two of the previously reported PCR primer sets for CHD1, a gene used for sexing adult passerine birds. The sex of all 29 tested embryos of six species of Darwin’s finches was determined successfully by PCR, using both primer sets. Next to embryos, hatchlings and fledglings are also impossible to distinguish visually. This extends to juveniles of sexually dimorphic species which are yet to moult in adult-like plumage and beak colouration. Furthermore, four species of Darwin’s finches are monomorphic, males and females looking alike. Therefore, sex assessment in the field can be a source of error, especially with respect to juveniles and mature monomorphic birds outside of the mating season. We caught 567 juveniles and adults belonging to six species of Darwin’s finches and only 44% had unambiguous sex-specific morphology. We sexed 363 birds by PCR: individuals sexed based on marginal sex specific morphological traits; and birds which were impossible to classify in the field. PCR revealed that for birds with marginal sex specific traits, sexing in the field produced a 13% error rate. This demonstrates that PCR based sexing can improve field studies on Darwin’s finches, especially when individuals with unclear sex-related morphology are involved. The protocols used here provide an easy and reliable way to sex Darwin’s finches throughout ontogeny, from embryos to adults.

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Tolesano-Pascoli, Graziela Virginia, Khelma Torga, Alexandre Gabriel Franchin, Maria Ogrzewalska, Monize Gerardi, Maria Marlene Martins Olegário, Marcelo Bahia Labruna, Matias Pablo Juan Szabó, and Oswaldo Marçal Júnior. "Ticks on birds in a forest fragment of Brazilian cerrado (savanna) in the municipality of Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 19, no. 4 (December 2010): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612010000400010.

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This is a report of ticks species, parasite prevalence and infestation intensity of birds in a forest fragment (18º 56' 57" S and 48º 12' 14" W) within the Brazilian cerrado (savanna), in the municipality of Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 162 birds from 26 species were captured. One adult tick, 296 larvae and 67 nymphs were found on passerine birds. Of these, it was identified 31 larvae and 27 nymphs of Amblyomma longirostre, 17 nymphs of A. nodosum, one A. cajennense larvae and one male of Rhipicephalus sanguineus. All other ticks were identified as Amblyomma sp. larvae (n = 264) or nymphs (n = 26). Overall tick infestation intensity and prevalence were 4.32 ticks/infested bird and 52%, respectively. Sampling of host-seeking ticks on the ground within the forest during a two-year period showed only five Amblyomma sp. nymphs and one adult male of A. nodosum whereas a search for ticks on domestic animals (cattle, horses and dogs) found Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks. Although identification was possible in only 27% of bird ticks there seemed to be no correlation between environmental and domestic animal and bird infestation. It can be assumed that bird infestation may occur above the ground or at specific sites not sampled.

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Rose, Paul. "Evidence for Aviculture: Identifying Research Needs to Advance the Role of Ex Situ Bird Populations in Conservation Initiatives and Collection Planning." Birds 2, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds2010005.

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Birds are the most speciose of all taxonomic groups currently housed in zoos, but this species diversity is not always matched by their inclusion in research output in the peer-reviewed literature. This large and diverse captive population is an excellent tool for research investigation, the findings of which can be relevant to conservation and population sustainability aims. The One Plan Approach to conservation aims to foster tangible conservation relevance of ex situ populations to those animals living in situ. The use of birds in zoo aviculture as proxies for wild-dwelling counterparts is considered from this integrated conservation approach. This paper considers the relevance of ex situ bird populations to field-based conservation action and it illustrates how “added value” to captive populations can be gained from their inclusion in conservation efforts. Current trends in scientific publications that focus on birds are provided to identify patterns in species focus and identification of areas of study that could be relevant to advancing avicultural practices, bird husbandry standards, animal welfare and conservation relevance of such populations. Research into wild birds is extremely useful for furthering how birds are managed in zoological collections. Collaboration between field-based projects that have involved zoo professionals are reviewed, to showcase information transfer from the field to the zoo and vice versa, and the ultimate benefits to aviculture and the added value that can be brought to zoo bird populations. Suggested ideas for research into specific areas of ex situ population management and conservation, and avicultural practices are provided to guide future researchers in their endeavors to ensure we have the evidence needed to care for and conserve birds as appropriately and as viably as possible.

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Meng, Heinz, By Chandler S. Robbins, Bertel Bruun, and Herbert S. Zim. "Birds of North America. A Guide to Field Identification." Journal of Wildlife Management 49, no. 1 (January 1985): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3801887.

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Romanov, M. N., A. M. Betuel, L. G. Chemnick, O. A. Ryder, R. O. Kulibaba, O. V. Tereshchenko, W. S. Payne, et al. "Widely Applicable PCR Markers for Sex Identification in Birds." Russian Journal of Genetics 55, no. 2 (February 2019): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1022795419020121.

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Nakamura, D., T. R. Tiersch, M. Douglass, and R. W. Chandler. "Rapid identification of sex in birds by flow cytometry." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 53, no. 4 (1990): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000132930.

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Nota, Y., and O. Takenaka. "DNA extraction from urine and sex identification of birds." Molecular Ecology 8, no. 7 (July 1999): 1237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00682_2.x.

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Lobo, Maria Luísa, Lihua Xiao, Vitaliano Cama, Nuno Magalhães, Francisco Antunes, and Olga Matos. "Identification of Potentially Human-Pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes in Various Birds." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 11 (August 25, 2006): 7380–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01394-06.

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ABSTRACT Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected in 24 of 83 samples from birds of the orders Columbiformes, Passeriformes, and Psittaciformes. It was identical to or closely related to the Peru6 genotype, which was previously found in humans in Peru. Thus, various birds can be a significant source of environmental contamination by potentially human-pathogenic E. bieneusi.

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Asaduzzaman, M., MS Miah, A. Siddika, N. Popy, and MM Hossain. "EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF NECROTIC ENTERITIS IN BROILER CHICKENS." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 9, no. 1 (July 12, 2012): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11207.

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The present study was conducted to isolate and identify the Clostridium perfringens, the etiology of necrotic enteritis (NE) from broiler chickens and experimental production of NE with this isolate. A total of 50 samples were collected from jejunum of necropsied birds for isolation and identification of Cl. perfringens. Out of 50 samples, only 4 isolates of Cl. perfringens were isolated and identified (prevalence 8%). In experimental NE, the birds of group A (orally administered with only 0.1 ml (1x103 sporulated Eimeria acervulina oocysts/bird) showed dullness, ruffled feather, vent feather soiled with bloody faeces after 1 week of coccidial challenge. The birds of group B (orally administered 1x103 sporulated Eimeria acervulina oocysts/bird and 1 ml of 2 days old broth culture of Cl. perfringens) showed severe depression, ruffled feathers, bloody faeces with fibrinous cast with 80% prevalence rate and 30% mortality in experimental NE. The birds of group C (orally inoculated with 1 ml of 2 days old broth culture of Cl. perfringens) showed no striking clinical, gross and histopathological lesions. Postmortem changes in small intestine (duodenum) were congestion and haemorrhages specially for birds of group A. The most severe gross lesions comprised of ascites, enlarged liver and heart, intestinal distension, profuse haemorrhage, fibrinous cast, fragile intestinal wall and gas bubble formation in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) of birds of group B. Histologically, birds of group B showed hemorrhage and congestion in liver, heart and intestine, desquamation of intestinal epithelium and intense leukocytic infiltration in intestine, liver and heart. The findings obtained from this study showed that simultaneous coccidial infection enhanced the pathological lesions of NE. DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11207Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 3341

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Sholihah, Raudatus. "Behavior and Ecological Study of Marine Birds in Alas Purwo National Park Southern Cost - Indonesia." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 4 (March 27, 2017): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i4.702.

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Alas Purwo National Park is habitat for marine birds and stopover for some the migratory birds. The purpose of this research was to determine behavior that could be observed in populations of marine birds and their habitat in the Alas Purwo National Park. The research location was in the Alas Purwo National Park southern coast, in region Plengkung to Cungur, Banyuwangi East Java. This research was done for 2 mo, July 21 to 30 and August 2015. The observations were observed in the morning (at 6:00 am to 9:00 am) and afternoon (15:00 pm to 18:00 pm). This study used a purposive sampling method to determine the location of the observations near the coast. The observations of marine birds habitat and behavior used survey methods and direct observation at the plot along the coastline. Identification and calculation of marine bird populations conducted in each observation plots. The plots exploration by foot and repeated three times. The behavior of marine birds that can be observed were birds clustered beach sunbathing on the beach, wallowing in the water, drinking and foraging in the surrounding water and flew low over the waters up to the mangrove areas for perch. Marine birds habitat are in mangrove and near the coast with moderate temperatures, high air humidity, low water temperature, and light intensity is sufficient.<div>Keywords: Alas Purwo national park; behavior; ecological study; habitat; marine bird.</div>

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SYCHRA, OLDÃICH. "Neopsittaconirmus vendulae, a new species of louse (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the Cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)." Zootaxa 1270, no. 1 (July 24, 2006): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1270.1.5.

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A new species of Neopsittaconirmus Conci is described from lice collected from captive cockatiels Nymphicus hollandicus, in Australia, Czech Republic, and Germany. This is the first record of lice from this host. These captive birds probably originated from limited populations which were randomly selected from wild populations and then bred and transported by cage-bird breeders. Keys are provided for identification of the 27 species of Neopsittaconirmus.

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Purwitasari, Diah, Luh Gde Sri Astiti, and Supriadi Supriadi. "Identification Of Migratory Birds And Their Spesific Characteristics Of Habitat In The Salt Water Lake Of Gili Meno, North Lombok Distric." Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2014.31.25-30.

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The aim of this research was to identify the species of migratory birds in the ecosystem of salt water lake of Gili Meno and their specific characteristics of habitat. Data collection for birds, mangrove and fish species has been carried out in September and October 2013. In this study, a Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and Importance Value Index (IVI) of mangrove vegetation were calculated to identify carrying capacity of mangrove population in the form of specific habitat in salt water lake of Gili Meno. This research has identified 17 species of birds which are divided into 5 families: Scolopacidae, Charadriidae, Ardeidae, Meropidae and Alcedinidae. Moreover, 3 species of mangrove were discovered that are A. marina, A. lanata and E. Agallocha, as well as one species of fish (Mujair fish/O. mossambicus). N. Nycticorax and B. Striatus were well-known to have higher population than other bird species. The Diversity Index showed that mangrove vegetation in the ecosystem of salt water lake of Gili Meno has a low species diversity (0.565). This is due to higher dominance of one species than the others. What is more, the IVI of A. marina demonstrated a fairly significant value compared to that of other species (189,01). Mangrove vegetation which surrounds the ecosystem of salt water lake of Gili Meno has formed a unique habitat and and an ideal stopover site for migratory birds. The ecosystem not only provides shelters from predators but also supplies for various abundant feeding sources. The lake it self is rather shallow and muddy around the shore which gives advantages for the migratory birds to obtain plenty small fish from the lake.

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Wang, Xiaoli, Jingmai K. O’Connor, John N. Maina, Yanhong Pan, Min Wang, Yan Wang, Xiaoting Zheng, and Zhonghe Zhou. "Archaeorhynchuspreserving significant soft tissue including probable fossilized lungs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 45 (October 22, 2018): 11555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805803115.

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We describe a specimen of the basal ornithuromorphArchaeorhynchus spathulafrom the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation with extensive soft tissue preservation. Although it is the fifth specimen to be described, unlike the others it preserves significant traces of the plumage, revealing a pintail morphology previously unrecognized among Mesozoic birds, but common in extant neornithines. In addition, this specimen preserves the probable remnants of the paired lungs, an identification supported by topographical and macro- and microscopic anatomical observations. The preserved morphology reveals a lung very similar to that of living birds. It indicates that pulmonary specializations such as exceedingly subdivided parenchyma that allow birds to achieve the oxygen acquisition capacity necessary to support powered flight were present in ornithuromorph birds 120 Mya. Among extant air breathing vertebrates, birds have structurally the most complex and functionally the most efficient respiratory system, which facilitates their highly energetically demanding form of locomotion, even in extremely oxygen-poor environments.Archaeorhynchusis commonly resolved as the most basal known ornithuromorph bird, capturing a stage of avian evolution in which skeletal indicators of respiration remain primitive yet the lung microstructure appears modern. This adds to growing evidence that many physiological modifications of soft tissue systems (e.g., digestive system and respiratory system) that characterize living birds and are key to their current success may have preceded the evolution of obvious skeletal adaptations traditionally tracked through the fossil record.

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Spanamberg, Andréia, Laerte Ferreiro, Gustavo Machado, Cibele Floriano Fraga, and Ricardo Araujo. "Identification and characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from broilers." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, no. 7 (July 2016): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016000700005.

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Abstract: Aspergillosis is one of the main causes of mortality in birds. The pulmonary system is most frequently affected, with lesions observed in the air sacs and lungs of a wide variety of bird species. The aim of this study was to confirm by molecular methods the identification and the genetic diversity of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates of lung's samples from healthy broilers (Galus galus domesticus). Forty-four (9.5%) isolates of lung's samples were confirmed as A. fumigatus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplex (amplification of β-tub and rodA gene fragments). Microsatellite typing for A. fumigatus was used to analyse all avian isolates. Among them, 40 genotypes (90.9%) were observed only one time. The results showed a high variability and multiple genotypes of de A. fumigatus collected from lung's samples of broilers.

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Kerry, KR, JR Clarke, and GD Else. "Identification of sex of Adelie penguins from observations of incubating birds." Wildlife Research 20, no. 6 (1993): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930725.

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The suggestion that sex of Adelie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, might be assigned by observing which member of the pair (the male) takes the first long incubation shift (Anon. 1991) was examined for each of the 1990-91, 1991-92 and 1992-93 breeding seasons. There was an 8- or 9-day period when more than 90% of the incubating birds were male and a 6- or 7-day period when more than 90% of the birds were female. The dates of these peak periods of male or female presence overlapped by only 2-5 days between the three seasons but were constant to within 2 days relative to the commencement of egg laying. Peak presence of males occurred 15-21 days after the appearance of the first egg in the colony and peak presence of females after 33-36 days from this date. In all three seasons male birds could be identified with 91.8-98.6% accuracy within 15-21 days after the first sighting of an egg. The method provides, therefore, a means of identifying the sex of Adtlie penguins with an accuracy greater than 90% and is applicable to whole colonies containing several hundred pairs without recourse to continuous observations or capturing the birds.

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Braulińska, Kamila. "The secretarybird dilemma: identifying a bird species fromthe Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 27, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 83–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3198.

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Known from a few representations in Predynastic Egyptian art, the secretarybird has otherwise been elusive, in the art of Pharaonic Egypt as well as the scientific discourse on iconographic imagery of birds in ancient Egypt. The author's studies of the animal decoration at the Temple for her doctoral dissertation identified three images of birds belonging most likely to the same species, depicted in the context of the expedition of Hatshepsut shown in the Portico of Punt. The zoological identification of the species as the secretarybird (another possibility is the African harrier-hawk) derives from an in-depth analysis of the bird’s systematics, appearance, distribution and habitat, as well as behavior, which are essential for proper species recognition and instrumental for understanding the rationale behind bringing it from the “God’s Land”. Iconographic features contesting this identification and suggesting a different species, that is, the African harrier-hawk, are discussed based on a combination of theoretical background, material analysis, on-site interviews with experts and the author’s personal experience with the species.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Birds – Identification'

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