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1
Yeremieiev, Volodymyr. "Development of software for the study of ornithocomplexes on the territory of wind stations using the results of observations by the route counting method." Ukrainian Journal of Educational Studies and Information Technology 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32919/uesit.2020.03.04.
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An information system (IS) BIRDS2 has been developed for storing and analyzing data obtained by monitoring the behavior of birds on the territory of wind power plants (WPPs) using the route accounting method. The program code is compiled on the basis of Windows Forms technology in the Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2019 software development environment. The operation of the program was tested by comparing the results of monitoring bird migration on the territory of the Primorsk-1 wind farm with known literature data. The sample size of registered birds used for analysis consisted of 8927 birds, of which 802 were of the transit type, 2511 were of the forage type, and 5614 were of the nesting type. The observations were carried out by the route counting method, adapted by V. D. Siokhin and P. I. Gorlov in relation to the territory of wind parks. During the monitoring process, eight parameters were recorded: the date of observation, the time of registration, the coordinates of the registration on the Google map, the number of birds, the species of the individual, the direction of flight, the type of location on the territory of the wind farm (transit, forage, nesting), and the flight altitude. The user-friendly interface allows you to analyze the behavior of birds on the territory of the station according to all accounting characteristics. The IS makes it possible to determine the number of birds in flight over the territory of the wind park at a given time, to find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the bird's flight path with the boundaries of the wind farm, to calculate the length of the bird's flight path over the area occupied by the wind park.
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Hasib, Abdullah, Risaldi Muhamad, Talita Yuanda Reksa, Alvina Ulimaz Artha, and Erma Safitri. "Utilization of Sumbawa Tropical Forest Honey Apis Dorsata to Improve Fertility of Indonesia Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis) as Effort Animal Population Increasement." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 6 (December 3, 2017): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i6.1190.
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The objective of this experiment is to observe the effect of forest honey produced by giant bees Apis dorsata on improving fertility and egg number of the bird. The bird which observed in this experiment is captive bird Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis). Twelve paired captive bird in official captivity were transferred into new pairing cage and adapted along two weeks. Every bird was fed with crickets and normal ration mixed with low protein diet (LP) with 16% of crude protein gradually. After an adaptation period, twelve paired captive bird were divided into three groups T1, T2 and T3. Birds were treatened with honey solution 5%, 10% and 15% concentration series in 1 ml aquadest intraabdominal of 10 crickets and fed with 15 crickets and 20 gram low protein ration (16%) per day for two laying periods. Egg production each group were calculated and observed its fertility among all egg production in one parental. In accordance with that, the results were analyzed descriptively. This pre-treatment, the bird’s mating behaviour becomes a week faster than the normal period. Bird’s fertility is also increasing with the provision of honey in the bird nutrition. In the bird’s pairs in cage’s number 9 and 10 have shown development by producing 3 fertile eggs after being treated with honey. In the previous period showed from 3 eggs only 1 being fertile. Honey has not been able to increase the number of eggs produced by birds. However, there is an enhancement in the animal population up to 25% of the 12 pairs of birds that are used as experimental samples in the captivity. The conclusion of this study shows that honey can accelerate the mating behaviour of birds and can increase the fertility of birds' eggs. However, honey has not yet affected the increase the quantity of the birds' egg. Longer observation’s duration with extra bird’s sample is needed for future research, in order to see the reproduction cycle of birds over several periods. Field research related to nutrition in chemistry nutrition’s fields related the active ingredient in honey that can affect the reproduction system is also important to conducted for further research. Keywords: Oriental Magpie Robin; Eggs Production; Fertility; Mating Behaviour; Honey
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Ruaux, Geoffrey, Sophie Lumineau, and Emmanuel de Margerie. "The development of flight behaviours in birds." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1929 (June 24, 2020): 20200668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0668.
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Flight is a unique adaptation at the core of many behaviours in most bird species, whether it be foraging, migration or breeding. Birds have developed a wide diversity of flight modes (e.g. flapping, gliding, soaring, hovering) which involves very specialized behaviours. A key issue when studying flight behaviours is to understand how they develop through all the ontogenetic stages of birds, from the embryo to the flying adult. This question typically involves classical debates on animal behaviour about the importance of maturation and experience. Here, we review the literature available on the development of flight behaviours in birds. First, we focus on the early period when young birds are not yet capable of flight. We discuss examples and show how endogenous processes (e.g. wing flapping in the nest, flight development timing) and environmental factors (e.g. maternal stress, nutritional stress) can influence the development of flight behaviours. Then, we review several examples showing the different processes involved in the development of flight in flight-capable juveniles (e.g. practice, trial and error learning, social learning). Despite the lack of experimental studies investigating this specific question at different developmental stages, we show that several patterns can be identified, and we anticipate that the development of new tracking techniques will allow us to study this question more thoroughly in more bird species.
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Kosciuch, Karl, Daniel Riser-Espinoza, Cyrus Moqtaderi, and Wallace Erickson. "Aquatic Habitat Bird Occurrences at Photovoltaic Solar Energy Development in Southern California, USA." Diversity 13, no. 11 (October 23, 2021): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13110524.
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The development of photovoltaic (PV) utility-scale solar energy (USSE) in the desert Southwest has the potential to negatively affect birds through collision mortality. Based on early patterns in fatality monitoring data, the lake effect hypothesis (LEH) was developed and suggested that birds misinterpret PV solar panels for water. As the LEH was only recently defined and inference beyond bird mortality is limited, our research objective was to examine the species composition, abundance, and distribution of live and dead aquatic habitat birds at five PV solar facilities and paired reference areas in southern California. Further, we collected data from a small regional lake as an indicator of the potential aquatic habitat bird community that could occur at our study sites. Using an ordination analysis, we found the lake grouped away from the other study sites. Although the bird community (live and dead) at the solar facilities contained aquatic habitat species, Chao’s diversity was higher, and standardized use was more than an order of magnitude higher at the lake. Finally, we did not observe aquatic habitat bird fatalities in the desert/scrub and grassland reference areas. Thus, the idea of a “lake effect” in which aquatic habitat birds perceive a PV USSE facility as a waterbody and are broadly attracted is likely a nuanced process as a PV solar facility is unlikely to provide a signal of a lake to all aquatic habitat birds at all times.
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Ito, Ayaka, Seiichi Serikawa, and Yuhki Kitazono. "Development of Countermeasure System of Harmful Birds in Veranda." Journal of the Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers 4, no. 2 (April 25, 2016): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/jiiae.4.61.
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Leupen, Boyd T. C. "A Brief Overview of the Online Bird Trade in Vietnam." Asian Journal of Conservation Biology 11, no. 2 (2022): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53562/ajcb.71823.
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Unsustainable commercial exploitation poses a serious threat to many of Vietnam’s native bird species. Here we report on a survey of the country’s online bird trade, conducted across four major online platforms. Between 9 March and 3 April 2020, a total of 434 posts were recorded, accounting for 834 individuals of at least 50 species, ten of which have not been recorded in Vietnamese trade before. Ninety-two percent of the recorded species were native to Vietnam and 18% (n=9) of the species, accounting for 15% (n=115) of the recorded individuals, are protected under Vietnamese law. Recorded prices ranged between VND16,667 (~US$0.7) and VND7 million (~US$303), depending on the species and on a bird’s specific singing qualities. The highest trade numbers were found on Chợ Tốt (186 posts, 335 birds), followed by Facebook (161 posts, 325 birds), Chợ Vinh (82 posts, 169 birds) and Chim Cảnh Đất Việt (5 posts, 5 birds). The scale of the observed trade appears to confirm a partial shift towards online platforms in Vietnam’s bird trade, or at least an increase in the use of online platforms to trade wild birds. In anticipation of a further development of this trend, we urge the Government of Vietnam to improve regulations and to take greater enforcement action against illegal online trading practices.
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LEESON, S., R. J. ETCHES, and J. D. SUMMERS. "DEVELOPMENT OF LEGHORN PULLETS SUBJECTED TO EARLY LIGHT STIMULATION." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, no. 4 (December 1, 1988): 1267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas88-142.
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Leghorn pullets of a commercial strain were reared in cages maintained in rooms providing either 8 or 14 h d−1 light. At 92 d, 12 birds identified as light (L) or heavy (H) weight from within each room were blood sampled for assay of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH). Subsequent samples were taken at 3- or 4-d intervals to 120 d of age. Another group of 12 L and 12 H birds were blood sampled at 92 d from within the 8 h light environment. These birds were again blood sampled at 99 d and then moved to laying cages and photostimulated with 14 h light per day. Birds were blood sampled for LH assay after 3 d and 7 d and then at 7-d intervals to 140 d of age. This general procedure was repeated with birds photostimulated at 102, 106, 109, 113, 116, 120, 123, 127 and 130 d of age. Thus, 10 groups of heavy birds and 10 groups of light birds were blood sampled prior to, at time of, and subsequent to light stimulation. Mean LH values for birds maintained on 18 h light throughout rearing were 1.5–2.0 ng mL−1 whereas with 14 h light throughout rearing values of 1.5–2.5 ng mL−1 were observed. Photostimulation had the same general effect on plasma LH regardless of body weight or bird age. After 3 or 4 d light stimulation there was a dramatic increase of some 100% in LH levels. Earlier photostimulation resulted in earlier age at 1st egg. For light weight birds, maturity was linearly advanced by 0.44 d for each day advance in photostimulation; a quadratic response was seen with heavy birds. Although photostimulation caused almost immediate changes in LH (P < 0.05) age at first egg lagged by some considerable time. These data do not indicate an absolute physiological (chronological) time limit for early sexual maturity, although it is likely close to 100 d of age. Key words: Pullet, luteinizing hormone, sexual maturity
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Mel’nikov, Yu I. "Modern climate warming, dynamics and development of new plots of bird areas as population adaptation to anthropogenic landscapes of Eastern Siberia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012136.
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Abstract The article discusses the features of the formation of new plots of the areas for birds in the anthropogenic landscapes of Eastern Siberia under the conditions of modern climate warming. It is emphasized that at the initial stages of this process, the warming was not intense and hardly noticeable (the beginning of the 19th - the first half of the 20th centuries). However, already at that time there was a clear trend towards the expansion of bird areas to the north and east. This process has progressed as the trend towards climate warming intensifies. In the second half of the 20th century, some typically western bird species reached Eastern Siberia. At the same time, extensive and prolonged droughts in the east of Central Asia caused a strong counter flow of dispersing birds to the west and north. In a number of bird species, mixing of the streams of dispersing birds was observed, and often these were closely related species. This indicates the formation of gaps in their once common areas that arose during periods of sharp cooling in previous climatic epoch. In the middle of the 20th century, the anthropogenic development of Eastern Siberia was very high. This facilitated the movement of birds of open landscapes far north. This fact is also emphasized by the oncoming flows of birds settling to the east and west as a result of severe and prolonged droughts in Central Asia. The birds of these streams crossed the Baikal rift zone (the northeastern zoogeographic boundary) and went far to the north - to the Central Yakut lowland and the tundra zone. The data obtained show that the development of new territories by birds and the expansion of their areas is associated with intense climate warming. The development of the territory by man only contributed to the movement of birds to new regions, due to the formation of more suitable habitats for birds (open and mosaic landscapes). Consequently, the intensification of climate warming, coinciding with the expansion of bird areas to the north, indicates that it was warming, and not intensive development of the territory by humans, that played the leading role in this process. The entire process currently observed is the adaptation of birds to the dynamic conditions of the new climatic period.
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Wang, Lin, Jing Hai Zhu, and Zhong Qiang Ma. "Effects of Beipiao Wind Power Development Planning on Local Birds Ecosystem." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.445.
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Liaoning Beipiao is located in "Three north" wind zone which is one of the regions rich in wind energy resources in China. The area is windy throughout the year suitable for wind energy development and utilization. For the next 12 years, Beipiao government plans to construct 16 key wind energy resource development areas. However, the planning wind farms are located in Liaoxi Corridor for birds migrating must pass by. The wind farm may generate adverse effects to migratory bird ecology in Beipiao. The basic characteristic of bird ecological system in Beipiao area is introduced in the paper. The adverse effects of wind farm on birds and answer measures are discussed as well.
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Aslam, M. Faisal Raza, Azhar Rafique, and M. Luqman. "Diversity and Distribution of Avian Fauna in Relation to Urban Landscape in Faisalabad City, Pakistan (a review)." Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22194/jgias/10.991.
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Urbanization affected the birds; by establishing the urban areas, plantations had to be cut, which played an essential role in decreasing the diversity of birds. The bird’s species, including the migratory population, is a crucial bioindicator of the ecosystem that plays an important role in various natural phenomena, including the multiple variations in the various species of plants. The avian fauna is mainly affected by global change, roadways, noise pollution, urbanization, deforestation, risky human behaviors, climate change, and absurd land use. This study is based on a survey of peer-reviewed papers that summarize the effect of development, urbanization, urban areas, and climate change on the diversity of birds and migration according to their ecosystems. As a result, increasing population demands more urbanization and deforestation, but as a comparison, we need to establish effective strategies that can help avian fauna in urban areas and provide suitable conditions for the bird species.
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Busel, V. A. "Possible Ways of Development of the Breeding Bird Communities of the Lower Dnipro." Vestnik Zoologii 51, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2017-0009.
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Abstract Anthropogenic and natural factors of transformation of breeding bird communities of the Lower Dnipro affect mainly the territory of the Kakhovka Reservoir. Transformation processes of natural systems will result in a decrease of numbers and even the disappearance of some species of nesting birds of Ciconiiformes and Anseriformes. Podicipediformes and Charadriiformes birds remain less vulnerable, especially species that nest on the overwater vegetation. The birds nesting in hollows and in trees and shrub plantations are among the most successful. It is also possible to predict that some species would change their priorities from rock to tree-nesting. The wetlands below Nova Kakhovka will remain a natural sanctuary for the nesting birds of the forest and wetland natural complexes of the floodplain of the Lower Dnipro. Any changes in this area can occur in case of further human activity in the floodplain of the Dnipro lowland.
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Moura, L., J. Dohms, J. M. Almeida, P. S. Ferreira, C. P. Biffi, and R. G. Backes. "Development and evaluation of a novel subunit vaccine for Mycoplasma gallisepticum." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 64, no. 6 (December 2012): 1569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352012000600024.
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Adhesion proteins from Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) encoded by cytadhesion genes mgc1 and mgc2 were cloned into plasmid vectors and transformed into E. coli. Seventeen groups of specific-pathogen free (SPF), birds at four weeks of age were used to inoculate these two proteins (MGC1 and MGC2) mixed into an oil emulsion creating a novel MG vaccine. Six different protein concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1000µg/bird) were tested with two equal concentration doses at four and seven weeks of age. In addition, many control groups were needed such as bacterin, membrane, no vaccine or challenge, oil emulsion alone, and no vaccine but challenged. Three weeks following the second vaccination, 50% of the birds in each treatment group were challenged with MG strain S6. The remaining birds were left as contacts to verify protection against horizontal transmission. All birds were bled before vaccinations, challenge and euthanasia. Birds were negative for MG at the first vaccination, as shown by serum plate agglutination test. At necropsy, tissue samples (trachea, lungs, and air sacs) were collected for histopathological examination. Swabs from trachea were used for PCR analysis. ELISA results showed a strong immune response to both protein preparations and almost the same response level for different doses tested, proving the immunogenic features of MGC1 and MGC2. However, humoral responses failed to prevent MG infection and disease when challenged as demonstrated by PCR and histopathology. MGC1 contact birds showed some degree of infection by PCR analysis. In addition, histopathological and ELISA results suggest that contact birds did not have enough time to develop lesions and to mount an immune response.
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Cooper, M. D., R. P. Bucy, J. F. George, J. M. Lahti, D. Char, and C. L. H. Chen. "T-cell Development in Birds." Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 54 (January 1, 1989): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/sqb.1989.054.01.009.
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Hadinoto, Hadinoto, Eni Suhesti, and Dodi Sukma RA. "KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG DI LAHAN AGROFORESTRI (Studi Kasus : Lahan Pengembangan Agroforestri Universitas Lancang Kuning)." Wahana Forestra: Jurnal Kehutanan 17, no. 2 (July 27, 2022): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/forestra.v17i2.10055.
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The fundamental part of the ecological system in the activity cycle of living things is birds. The distribution and existence of flora in an area is caused by birds. Changes in land cover in the context of agroforestry development at Lancang Kuning University can affect changes in environmental conditions, one of which is the life of wildlife, especially birds. This research aims to: Identify the diversity of birds and flora as a place for bird activities in agroforestry development areas. How to collect bird data with counting points. Bird logging with encounters and trails. Found 29 species with a family of 16. Bondol Peking, Sparrow and Cucak Kutilang are bird species that are often present (individual) 25, 15 and 10. The H' value is 2.94, the E value is 0.87 and the value is 0.87, R as much as 5.78. Cucak Kutilang and Perkutut Jawa have the highest KR values, namely 12.20% and 10.11%, respectively. Types of vegetation as a source of food in the form of trees (15 species), enrichment plants (4 species), agricultural crops (12 species) and types of grasses
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Salahuddin, M. A. A., I. S. Rohayani, and D. A. Candri. "Species diversity of birds as bioindicators for mangroves damage at Special Economic Zones (SEZ) Mandalika in Central of Lombok, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 913, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/913/1/012058.
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Abstract The Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) was designated as a tourist area in 2015. The development of the Mandalika area directly impacts the sustainability, diversity of species, especially birds that make mangroves their habitat. The study aims to investigate the value of bird species diversity in mangrove habitats as bioindicators. Furthermore, the research has been carried out for three months, from March to May 2021. Research data collection uses the roaming method, and data analysis uses bird community structure analysis (Diversity Index). In this study, 33 species of birds were found. Furthermore, it was found that six species of birds are protected wildlife. In addition, 16 are migratory birds, and 27 are Least Concern (LC) bird species; four species have Near Threatened (NT) status. Meanwhile, the Index of bird community structure is H’ 2.7, uniformity E 0.8, and dominance C 0.9. The value of the bird community structure in the Mandalika SEZ shows the condition of mangrove habitat in the moderate damage category. Therefore, there needs to be an effort to preserve mangroves involving the community, government, and Indonesia Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) area managers.
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Awad, Simon, Izabella Rząd, and Przemysław Busse. "The Ringing Site In Jericho (Palestine) – Development Of Bird Migration And Parasitological Research On The Great Rift Valley Flyway." Ring 35, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ring-2013-0003.
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ABSTRACT A new research project near Jericho in the Jordan Valley (Palestine) was launched on 10 September 2013, work continued until October 23rd 2013. Standard ornithological work and bird ringing work was conducted using mist nets situated in an oasis type habitat of Wadi Qelt surrounded by palm plantations. The field methods followed the SEEN (SE European Bird Migration Network) standards that include apart from ringing of captured birds, also several measurements (wing length, tail length, wing formula) and scores (fat load and body mass), as well as the studies on the directional preferences of migrants using round, flat orientation cages. Ornithological research was enhanced by parasitological studies analysing migratory birds (hosts) - helminths relations during migration period of the former. This was a part of complex studies covering the Middle East and north African ringing sites. Altogether 481 individuals of birds representing 59 species were ringed and about 50 were retrapped. The most interesting was relatively high share of Masked and Red-backed shrikes as well as good number of birds of local species as Dead Sea Sparrows and introduced Indian Silverbills.
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Ilgūnas, Mikas, Tanja Himmel, Josef Harl, Mindaugas Dagys, Gediminas Valkiūnas, and Herbert Weissenböck. "Exo-Erythrocytic Development of Avian Haemosporidian Parasites in European Owls." Animals 12, no. 17 (August 28, 2022): 2212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12172212.
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Avian haemosporidian parasites (Haemosporida, Apicomplexa) are globally distributed and infect birds of many orders. These pathogens have been much investigated in domestic and wild passeriform birds, in which they are relatively easy to access. In birds belonging to other orders, including owls (order Strigiformes), these parasites have been studied fragmentarily. Particularly little is known about the exo-erythrocytic development of avian haemosporidians. The goal of this study was to gain new knowledge about the parasites infecting owls in Europe and investigate their exo-erythrocytic stages. Tissue samples of 121 deceased owls were collected in Austria and Lithuania, and examined using polymerase chain reactions (PCR), histology, and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). PCR-based diagnostics showed a total prevalence of 73.6%, revealing two previously unreported Haemoproteus and five novel Leucocytozoon lineages. By CISH and histology, meronts of several Leucocytozoon lineages (lASOT06, lSTAL5, lSTAL7) were discovered in the brains, heart muscles, and kidneys of infected birds. Further, megalomeronts of Haemoproteus syrnii (lineage hSTAL2) were discovered. This study contributes new knowledge to a better understanding of the biodiversity of avian haemosporidian parasites infecting owls in Europe, provides information on tissue stages of the parasites, and calls for further research of these under-investigated pathogens relevant to bird health.
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Senior, Olive. "The tenantry of birds." Third World Quarterly 11, no. 1 (January 1989): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436598908420143.
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Kang, Sang-Hyeon, and Lae-Hyong Kang. "Development of wireless bird collision monitoring system using 0-3 piezoelectric composite sensor on wind turbine blades." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 17 (September 15, 2017): 3426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17730925.
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Over the past several decades, wind turbines have been established as one of the promising renewable energy systems for safe and clean energy collection. In order to collect more energy efficiently, the size of wind turbines has been increased and many wind farms have been constructed. Wind farms generate lots of energy, but they cause several side effects, such as noise and a threat to wildlife. It is reported that the bird collision rate of a wind turbine ranges from 0.01 to 23 annually. It is more serious in the case of rare and endangered birds. In order to monitor the effect on birds in wind farms, researchers have developed remote sensing technology for a detection apparatus using heat and radar. In addition, paint color and other variables have been studied regarding their effects on the collision rate. However, the existing methods are passive ways to prevent bird collision or just monitor bird conditions. Therefore, in this study, we propose a bird collision monitoring system that can detect where the bird collision occurred, which will aid in rescuing the birds. If the wind turbine blade has its own ability to capture an impact signal, the impact location can be easily detected, and the birds can be rescued. For this purpose, piezoelectric paint was applied to the wind turbine blades used in this study. The piezoelectric paint is also known as 0-3 piezoelectric composite, which is composed of piezoelectric particles and polymer resin. It is sensitive to high-frequency signals such as impacts, so it is suitable for monitoring bird collision signals. In order to amplify and transmit the impact signal from the rotating blade to a stationary base, a wireless transmission device using a ZigBee module and signal conditioning circuit was also installed. Through lab-scale tests, it was confirmed that this bird collision monitoring system shows a 100% bird collision detection rate.
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Hostetler, Mark, and Jan-Michael Archer. "Building for Birds Evaluation Tool: Breeding and Wintering Habitat for Forest Birds." EDIS 2017, no. 1 (February 8, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-uw417-2017.
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Several bird species use forest fragments and trees conserved in built areas as breeding, wintering, and stopover habitat. Scientists have created a Building for Birds online tool to help these birds and the people who appreciate them. This evaluation tool is most useful for small developments or developments in already fragmented landscapes.
The tool is designed for use when no opportunity is available to conserve large forest areas of 125 acres or more within a proposed development. Developers are sometimes reluctant to conserve trees and forest fragments in subdivided residential/commercial areas because it costs time and money, but there is value in this conservation effort not only for many different species of forest birds, but for future homeowners waking to birdsong in the mornings.
This 17-page fact sheet written by Mark Hostetler and Jan-Michael Archer and published by the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation describes the online tool and shows how it can help preserve breeding and wintering habitat for migrating birds.http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw417
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Wang, Min, Zhiheng Li, and Zhonghe Zhou. "Insight into the growth pattern and bone fusion of basal birds from an Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 43 (October 9, 2017): 11470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707237114.
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Bird skeletons exhibit remarkable modifications that allow for flight. The most distinguishable features are the fusion of the bones in the hand, feet, and pelvis into composite rigid and bony structures. However, the historical origins of these avian bone fusions remain elusive because of the rarity of transitional fossils and developmental studies on modern birds. Here, we describe an Early Cretaceous bird (120 Mya) that has fully fused alular-major metacarpals and pelvis. We discuss the manus and pelvis fusions across Paravian phylogeny and demonstrate that these features evolved independently across nonavian theropods, Enantiornithes, and Ornithuromorpha. The fusions of these bones are rare in known nonavian theropods and Early Cretaceous birds but are well established among Late Cretaceous and modern birds, revealing a complicated evolution pattern unrecognized previously. We posit that the developments of bone fusion were polymorphic close to the origin of birds, resulting in the varying degrees of fusion in Paraves. However, that development polymorphism appears to be fundamentally restricted along the line to modern birds by the Late Cretaceous, where all birds have a completely fused manus and pelvis. Such changes likely correspond to a refinement of flight capability. Alternatively, the degree of bone fusion in this primitive bird may have been related to modifications in genes or developmental paths. Future studies and fossil discoveries are required to clarify these hypotheses and pinpoint the developmental pathways involving the bone fusions in early avian evolution through to their modern pattern.
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Maulany, Risma Illa, Jumriah Lira, Amran Achmad, and Nida' Sari Achmad. "KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG PADA HUTAN DATARAN RENDAH DI KOMPLEKS GUNUNG BULUSARAUNG TAMAN NASIONAL BANTIMURUNG BULUSARAUNG." PERENNIAL 15, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v15i1.6791.
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Lowland Forest at the complex of Bulusaraung mountain in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park is one of important habitat of birds in South Sulawesi. This study aimed to identify bird’s diversity in the Lowland Forest of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park for ecotourism purposes. This research was carried out for 2 months between April and May 2018. The data were gathered by using line transect method. The data were analyzed by using Shannon-Weiner diversity index, Evenness index, Margalef species richness index, and Sorensen Similarity index. The result of the study showed that, there were 23 species of birds found in the three lines of observation tracks. There were 19 species found in Balleanging, 12 species in Kattokaddaro and 15 species found in Tompobulu.The highest value of bird diversity index was found in Tompobulu (H '= 1,73) followed by Balleanging (H' = 1,54) and Kattokaddaro routes (H '= 1,43). Therefore, the diversity of bird species in the three observation pathways can be used as objects and attractions in the development of ecotourism based on bird watching in wildlife conservation efforts.
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Ewuola, E. O., A. T. Olujimi, M. O. Oyebanjo, and T. F. Taiwo. "Intestinal mucosa development and blood profile of broiler chickens administered bovine testicular fluid." Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2021.267.
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A seven-week experiment was carried out to determine the effect of bovine testicular fluid on intestinal mucosa development, haematological variables and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens. A total of 125 unsexed day-old Abor acre chicks were randomly allotted into five treatments, with each treatment having five replicates with five birds per replicate. They were fed a commercial broiler diet for seven weeks of the experiment. Different concentrations of the bovine testicular fluid per liter of drinking water were offered to the experimental birds at free choice, the birds in treatment 1 served as the control and they were offered ordinary drinking water while birds in treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 were offered 25, 50, 75 and 100 ml of bovine testicular fluid per liter of water, respectively. The feed and water intake of each bird were measured on daily basis, while the average weight of the birds was measured on weekly basis. On day 21 and 49, blood samples were collected from the birds to determine the haematological and serum biochemical indices. Two birds from each replicate were sacrificed on day 49 and sample of ileum were taken for intestinal mucosal examination after processed into permanent slides. The results of the blood indices obtained on days 21 and 49 indicated that the blood parameters were within the normal physiological range for chickens and without evidence of organ damage. The villus height, villus width, crypt depth, crypt height, and mucosa thickness showed that the bovine testicular fluid increased the absorptive capacity of the intestinal mucosa surface area and their growth. It is recommended that bovine testicular fluid at 100 ml/L improved intestinal mucosa development and absorption capacity of broiler chickens and enhanced their growth without deleterious effect on their health status.
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Dinevich, Leonid, and Yossi Leshem. "Accuracy and Resolution Capacity of MRL-5(Is) Radar Ornithological Station and its Potential Development." Ring 34, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10050-012-0002-3.
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Abstract Dinevich L., Leshem Y. 2012. Accuracy and resolution capacity of MRL-5(Is) radar ornithological station and its potential development. Ring 34: 3-21. The paper presents the comprehensive assessment of the resolution capacity of MRL-5(Is) radar ornithological station developed in Israel. Theoretical calculations, as well as experimental testing and field experience enable the authors to evaluate the station’s performance and to suggest new directions of its potential development. The computer-controlled system is able to select bird echoes and plot ornithological charts for distances up to 60 km. Under conditions of normal refraction at distances of 5-25 km, MRL-5(Is) is able to detect all the birds (undisguised by hills) at the horizon level. A bird as big as a stork flying 100 m higher than the radar location reflects an echo strong enough to be detected by the radar at the distance of 90 km. In the daytime, at the distance of up to 60 km from the radar, under conditions of the open horizon, the station detects 56-83% of migrating birds flying at the altitude of over 100 m above the radar location. At night, at the distance of up to 30 km from the radar, the station detects 74-89% of migrating birds flying at 150 m above the radar location. At the distances of 20 and 50 km, the resolution capacity of the station (i.e. detecting separated echoes of two or more birds flying at a distance from each other) are Δr = 200 m and Δr = 400 m, respectively; regarding the height and the tangential component; distance-wise, the capacity is 150 m regardless of the distance to the target. Systematic observations of seasonal bird migration in the daytime and at night conducted during two autumn seasons and two spring seasons showed that the number of birds flying via Israel is significantly lower in spring than in autumn.
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Henrique, Cleoneide Dos Santos, Andréia Fróes Galuci Oliveira, Thales Silva Ferreira, Eduardo Santos Silva, Bruna Finotti Fonseca Reis de Mello, Agner De Freitas Andrade, Vinícius Da Silva Freitas Martins, Fernando Oliveira de Paula, Elis Regina De Moraes Garcia, and Luís Daniel Giusti Bruno. "Effect of stocking density on performance, carcass yield, productivity, and bone development in broiler chickens Cobb 500®." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 4Supl1 (August 25, 2017): 2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4supl1p2705.
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This study aimed to assess the effect of stocking density of 10, 12, 14, and 16 birds m?2 on performance, carcass and cut yields, productivity, and bone development of broiler chickens Cobb 500®. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four treatments (stocking densities) and four replications. The assessments were performed weekly at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. The best live weight result was found at a density of 10 birds m?2 in the period from 1 to 7 days. No effect of density was observed on feed intake and weight gain. From 1 to 14 days, the best live weights were found at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2, in addition to a higher feed intake at densities of 10 and 12 birds m?2. Weight gain was better at a density of 10 birds m?2, showing no differences from densities of 12 and 14 birds m?2. In the period from 1 to 21 days, live weight and weight gain were higher at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2. The highest feed intake was observed at a density of 10 birds m?2, which showed no difference from the density of 14 birds m?2. A difference (P < 0.05) was observed for live weight, weight gain, and feed intake of animals reared at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2 for the phases from 1 to 35 days and the total phase from 1 to 42 days of bird age when compared to 16 birds m?2, which presented lower performance. However, feed conversion of 1-7, 1-14, 1-21, 1-35, and 1-42 days and carcass and cut characteristics showed no significant differences for all treatments. On the other hand, productivity was higher in the treatments with 14 and 16 birds m?2, but without difference between each other. No interaction (P > 0.05) was observed between stocking density and age for the assessed bone parameters. Similarly, no difference (P > 0.05) was observed for bone development of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities for the studied parameters. Thus, the increased density of 10 or 12 birds m?2 to 14 birds m?2 has no influence on zootechnical performance, carcass and cut yields, and bone development, but increases broiler chicken productivity reared in a conventional shed without air conditioning.
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Henrique, Cleoneide Dos Santos, Andréia Fróes Galuci Oliveira, Thales Silva Ferreira, Eduardo Santos Silva, Bruna Finotti Fonseca Reis de Mello, Agner De Freitas Andrade, Vinícius Da Silva Freitas Martins, Fernando Oliveira de Paula, Elis Regina De Moraes Garcia, and Luís Daniel Giusti Bruno. "Effect of stocking density on performance, carcass yield, productivity, and bone development in broiler chickens Cobb 500®." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 4Supl1 (August 25, 2017): 2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4suplp2705.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to assess the effect of stocking density of 10, 12, 14, and 16 birds m?2 on performance, carcass and cut yields, productivity, and bone development of broiler chickens Cobb 500®. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four treatments (stocking densities) and four replications. The assessments were performed weekly at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. The best live weight result was found at a density of 10 birds m?2 in the period from 1 to 7 days. No effect of density was observed on feed intake and weight gain. From 1 to 14 days, the best live weights were found at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2, in addition to a higher feed intake at densities of 10 and 12 birds m?2. Weight gain was better at a density of 10 birds m?2, showing no differences from densities of 12 and 14 birds m?2. In the period from 1 to 21 days, live weight and weight gain were higher at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2. The highest feed intake was observed at a density of 10 birds m?2, which showed no difference from the density of 14 birds m?2. A difference (P < 0.05) was observed for live weight, weight gain, and feed intake of animals reared at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2 for the phases from 1 to 35 days and the total phase from 1 to 42 days of bird age when compared to 16 birds m?2, which presented lower performance. However, feed conversion of 1-7, 1-14, 1-21, 1-35, and 1-42 days and carcass and cut characteristics showed no significant differences for all treatments. On the other hand, productivity was higher in the treatments with 14 and 16 birds m?2, but without difference between each other. No interaction (P > 0.05) was observed between stocking density and age for the assessed bone parameters. Similarly, no difference (P > 0.05) was observed for bone development of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities for the studied parameters. Thus, the increased density of 10 or 12 birds m?2 to 14 birds m?2 has no influence on zootechnical performance, carcass and cut yields, and bone development, but increases broiler chicken productivity reared in a conventional shed without air conditioning.
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McLendon, Aidan K. "Classics Revisited: “The evolution of nests and nest-building in birds”, by Dr Nicholas E Collias (1964) American Zoologist 4(2): 175–190." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 43, no. 3 (April 9, 2019): 462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133319841897.
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Although one of the most studied organisms in other disciplines, the role of birds as zoogeomorphic agents has been somewhat overlooked in geography literature. Bird nests serve as a manifestation of the reciprocal relationships that birds have with their environment. Dr Nicholas E. Collias’s “The evolution of nests and nest-building in birds”, published in American Zoologist (1964), was one of the first to hypothesize the intimate connection between bird nests and their landscapes. Researchers interested in understanding the role birds have as zoogeomorphic agents should view Collias (1964) as an essential resource for information and inspiration for further exploration.
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BIRKHEAD, T. R., and S. van BALEN. "Bird-keeping and the development of ornithological science." Archives of Natural History 35, no. 2 (October 2008): 281–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0260954108000399.
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We review the growth of knowledge in several areas of ornithology, and demonstrate the important, but largely unrecognized role of European bird-keeping in the development of several different areas of bird study. By ignoring the early bird-keeping literature, historians of ornithology have overlooked many significant observations. There are several reasons why the role of bird-keeping has been ignored, including the shifting boundaries of scientific ornithology and the varying relationship between bird-keeping and ornithology. We review the significance of observations of captive birds to ornithology and show that they have made important and previously unrecognized contributions to the following aspects of bird biology: song acquisition, function and anatomy; territory; breeding biology; external genitalia; migration; instinct and learning.
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Aleksandra, Szurlej-Kielanska, and Pilacka Lucyna A. "Sustainable development of green energy-automated bird protection at wind farms." Global Journal of Zoology 7, no. 1 (November 18, 2022): 019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/gjz.000024.
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Green energy facilitates the sustainable development of modern society. To meet the increasing demand for wind energy, however, wind turbines are installed in more and more challenging locations, often close to the natural environment of birds. Rotating at high speed, the blades of wind turbines are hardly visible to avifauna, leading to numerous collisions and fatalities. This poses a question as to whether the most recent technological achievements can be relied on to reduce the impact of man-made structures on birds. The presented research tests the potential use of the automated Bird Protection System (BPS) developed by Bioseco for collision risk mitigation at wind farms. The BPS was installed and tested in a real environment, at a wind turbine in northern Poland. The performed validation showed that at a distance of up to 300 m the BPS performs at least as well as a skilled ornithologist and large bird species are successfully detected from over 600 m.
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Hostetler, Mark E., and Jan-Michael Archer. "Building for Birds Evaluation Tool: Forest Fragments Used as Stopover Sites by Migrant Birds." EDIS 2017, no. 1 (February 7, 2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-uw416-2017.
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Several bird species use forest fragments and trees conserved in built areas as breeding, wintering, and stopover habitat. Scientists have created a Building for Birds online tool to help these birds and the people who appreciate them. This evaluation tool is most useful for small developments or developments in already fragmented landscapes.
The tool is designed for use when no opportunity is available to conserve large forest areas of 125 acres or more within a proposed development. Developers are sometimes reluctant to conserve trees and forest fragments in subdivided residential/commercial areas because it costs time and money, but there is value in this conservation effort not only for many different species of forest birds, but for future homeowners waking to birdsong in the mornings.
This 18-page fact sheet written by Mark Hostetler and Jan-Michael Archer and published by the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation describes the online tool and shows how it can help preserve stopover habitat for migrating birds.http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw416
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Aebischer, N., and R. J. O'Connor. "The Growth and Development of Birds." Journal of Animal Ecology 54, no. 3 (October 1985): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4402.
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Tazawa, Hiroshi, Ryuichi Akiyama, and Kenji Moriya. "Development of cardiac rhythms in birds." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 132, no. 4 (August 2002): 675–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00125-3.
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Barr, William. "Gyrfalcons to Germany: Herdemerten's expedition to west Greenland, 1938." Polar Record 48, no. 2 (December 23, 2010): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247410000598.
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ABSTRACTIn the summer of 1938 the Hermann-Göring-Stiftung [Hermann Göring Foundation], located at the Reichsjägerhof Riddagshausen near Braunschweig, dispatched a two man expedition to west Greenland, primarily in order to capture gyrfalcons. Although nowhere stated in the expedition account, the aim appears to have been to acclimatise the birds to a German environment for the purpose of falconry. Five birds were captured and transported to Germany, four juveniles from a nest near Godhavn and an adult bird from near Uummannaq. After a brief sojourn at Riddagshausen the birds were transferred to Goldhöhe (Zlaté návr_í) in the Riesengebirge (Krkono_e) as being a more appropriate environment. The results of the experiment and the fate of the birds are not stated in the expedition account. Secondary aims of the expedition were geological, meteorological and botanical investigations and bird banding.
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Wotton, S. R., M. A. Eaton, D. Sheehan, F. Barasa Munyekenye, I. J. Burfield, S. H. M. Butchart, K. Moleofi, et al. "Developing biodiversity indicators for African birds." Oryx 54, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001181.
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AbstractBiodiversity indicators are essential for monitoring the impacts of pressures on the state of nature, determining the effectiveness of policy responses, and tracking progress towards biodiversity targets and sustainable development goals. Indicators based on trends in the abundance of birds are widely used for these purposes in Europe and have been identified as priorities for development elsewhere. To facilitate this we established bird population monitoring schemes in three African countries, based on citizen science approaches used in Europe, aiming to monitor population trends in common and widespread species. We recorded > 500 bird species from c. 450 2-km transects in Botswana, > 750 species from c. 120 transects in Uganda, and > 630 species from c. 90 transects in Kenya. Provisional Wild Bird Indices indicate a strong increase in bird populations in Botswana and a small decrease in Uganda. We also provide comparisons between trends of habitat generalists and specialists, of birds within and outside protected areas, and between Afro-Palearctic migrants and resident birds. Challenges encountered included recruiting, training and retaining volunteer surveyors, and securing long-term funding. However, we show that with technical support and modest investment (c. USD 30,000 per scheme per year), meaningful biodiversity indicators can be generated and used in African countries. Sustained resourcing for the existing schemes, and replication elsewhere, would be a cost-effective way to improve our understanding of biodiversity trends globally, and measure progress towards environmental goals.
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Buckingham, D. L., and W. J. Peach. "The influence of livestock management on habitat quality for farmland birds." Animal Science 81, no. 2 (October 2005): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc50700199.
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AbstractAbstract This review covers research linking foraging habitat quality for birds to livestock management in lowland farmland. Based on this research we propose a framework for predicting the value of grazing systems to birds. This predictive framework is needed to guide the development of agri-environment measures to address farmland bird declines in pastoral areas. We show that the exacting requirements of declining granivorous birds pose the greatest challenges, while the needs of soil invertebrate feeding species are more easily met.
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Chen, Weishi, Yifeng Huang, Xianfeng Lu, and Jie Zhang. "Review on critical technology development of avian radar system." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 94, no. 3 (January 11, 2022): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-10-2020-0221.
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Purpose This paper aims to review the critical technology development of avian radar system at airports. Design/methodology/approach After the origin of avian radar technology is discussed, the target characteristics of flying birds are analyzed, including the target echo amplitude, flight speed, flight height, trajectory and micro-Doppler. Four typical airport avian radar systems of Merlin, Accipiter, Robin and CAST are introduced. The performance of different modules such as antenna, target detection and tracking, target recognition and classification, analysis of bird information together determines the detection ability of avian radar. The performances and key technologies of the ubiquitous avian radar are summarized and compared with other systems, and their applications, deployment modes, as well as their advantages and disadvantages are introduced and analyzed. Findings The ubiquitous avian radar achieves the long-time integration of target echoes, which greatly improves detection and classification ability of the targets of birds or drones, even under strong background clutter at airport. In addition, based on the big data of bird situation accumulated by avian radar, the rules of bird activity around the airport can be mined to guide the bird avoidance work. Originality/value This paper presented a novel avian radar system based on ubiquitous digital radar technology. The authors’ experience has confirmed that this system can be effective for airport bird strike prevention and management. In the future, the avian radar system will see continued improvement in both software and hardware, as the system is designed to be easily extensible.
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Ali, A. A., N. H. Idris, and M. H. I. Ishak. "THE INFLUENCE OF LAND-USE LAND-COVER CHANGES ON URBAN BIRD COMMUNITIES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-93-2019.
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Abstract. City development changes the landscape and has been claimed to pose threat to the survival of birds that heavily relies on healthy forest ecosystem. As such, this study assessed the effect of land-use land-cover (LULC) changes due to sub-urbanisation on birds’ community using geostatistical method. In this study, geostatistical analyses, namely Kernel Density and Ordinary Least Square (OLS), were executed to identify the dominant factors that affected the birds’ community in the Johor Bahru region. The birding data were obtained from eBird, an online crowd source database of bird distribution. The distribution of bird community was analysed by using Kernel density for years 2016 and 2018. This study found that the hotspot locations of the birds were in Danga Bay and Kempas Denai for year 2016, whereas Kampung Pok, Bukit Chagar, Taman Sentosa and Kampung Dato Sulaiman Menteri for year 2018. Certain urban bird species increased from year 2016 to 2018. The OLS regression was applied to analyse the relationship between birds’ occurrence and LULC features within the study area. The global regression model indicated that distance to forest and distance to recreational and open space were positively associated with the number of bird occurrence. On the contrary, distance to road was negatively associated with the number of bird occurrence. The OLS model for year 2016 between birds’ occurrence and distance to road, distance to forest, as well as distance to recreational and open space, demonstrated an adjusted R2 value of 0.32. In year 2018, the correlation between birds’ occurrence and distance to road, as well as distance to recreational and open space, demonstrated an adjusted R2 value of 0.11. As a conclusion, urbanisation seems to affect the birds’ communities as it increases the number of urban birds spotted in Johor Bahru, which is attributed to the increasing recreational and open space areas in Johor Bahru. The study outcomes can be applied to comprehend the relationship between birds’ community and LULC changes, as a result of urbanisation.
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Allison, Taber D., Ellen Jedrey, and Simon Perkins. "Avian Issues for Offshore Wind Development." Marine Technology Society Journal 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533208786829115.
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Wind energy is the fastest growing source of electricity in the U. S., and the energy potential in the offshore environment is enormous. Environmental concerns have focused on effects on birds, and in this paper we briefly review these effects in the context of methods for assessing preconstruction risk and postconstruction impact. Federal statutes and legislation, including the National Environmental Policy Act, Federal Energy Act of 2005, the Endangered Species Act, and the Migratory Bird Treaty will require that prospective developers conduct some form of avian risk assessment prior to construction. Such preconstruction studies should utilize a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design.Offshore wind farms pose three primary threats to birds: barrier effects due to flight avoidance, habitat loss (due to displacement), and fatalities resulting from collisions with turbine blades. All have been demonstrated at land-based and coastal wind farms, and flight avoidance and shifts in habitat use have been demonstrated in the offshore environment for a limited number of species in Europe. The additive effect of these impacts to bird populations may be trivial under current levels of development, but could become ecologically significant as offshore installations increase as projected.Interpreting the ecological significance of these effects requires additional research, especially on understanding the importance of winter foraging habitat and population delineation, particularly for waterfowl. Such research and preconstruction studies will be expensive, and we suggest public funding of these efforts and private-public partnerships as is currently underway in some states.
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Bintoro, Rimba, Leti Sundawati, and Yeni Aryati Mulyani. "Development Strategy of the Bird Nest Adoption Program in the Community Forest of Jatimulyo Village, Kulon Progo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 10, no. 3 (August 6, 2022): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v10i3.608.
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The bird nest adoption program in Jatimulyo is one of the activities to protect birds from extinction. This activity is carried out by keeping birds that are breeding in nests in community forest habitats. The development of this concept was expected to protect the birds and increase the economic value of the community-owned forest from the non-timber sector that supported environmental sustainability. However, the program is not yet implemented in the whole area of Jatimulyo Village. This study aimed to determine the strategy for developing the bird nest adoption program in Jatimulyo Village. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with expert respondents with extensive experience and knowledge of the studied problems. The data that has been collected was analyzed using SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis results showed that an offensive strategy is needed to develop the bird nest adoption program, which can be carried out by utilizing strengths to seize opportunities. There are five alternative strategies, i.e. (1) increase the number of nest findings to be adopted to increase people’s incomes; (2) take advantage of the attention of the government and other institutions to strengthen farmer groups and support the management of adoption programs; (3) opening access to birdwatching special interest tours by involving the community as local guides; (4) encourage bird protection in the Jatimulyo area and jointly promote bird nest adoption program; and (5) expanding the adoption area in Jatimulyo Village. Keywords: bird nest adoption, community forest, development strategy, SWOT analysis
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Low, Chris. "BIRDS AND KHOESĀN: LINKING SPIRITS AND HEALING WITH DAY-TO-DAY LIFE." Africa 81, no. 2 (April 28, 2011): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972011000027.
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ABSTRACTIt is not surprising that animals have played a significant role in KhoeSān cosmology but identifying exactly what that role is and how it relates to different contexts of belief and action is more challenging. This article identifies a special role for birds in KhoeSān thought and practice, which is tightly bound to matters of spirit and healing, seems relatively cohesive and is distinctive and widespread, both culturally and historically. Working out from a detailed KhoeSān medical ethnography and using bird examples taken from a wide range of KhoeSān, I argue that bird relationships are best understood by re-framing popular ideas of ‘supernatural potency’ within persistent habits of perception and the opportunities or challenges they present. I further highlight how KhoeSān interaction with birds must be linked to particular relationships with knowledge in order to understand why birds are so salient. I conclude by emphasizing the dangers of explaining KhoeSān bird relationships within potentially distorting categories of ‘metaphor’.
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Ardiansyah, Iqbal Nur, Rizky Tania Matovani, Devi Anggar Pertiwi, Ghina Salsabila, and Nirmala Ayu Aryanti. "Birdwatching Potential Based on Distribution of Bird Diversity in Protected Forests RPH Sumbermanjing Kulon KPH Malang." Media Konservasi 24, no. 2 (October 3, 2019): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/medkon.24.2.200-206.
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Areas with natural forest potential that are still preserved have the potential to birdwatching activities, a concept of sustainable tourism to preserve the environment and increase the participation of local communities. Protected forests in the South Malang area are natural forests which are still protected by habitat conditions for wild animals, especially for bird species. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential development of a birdwatching track based on the distribution of birds in the Protected Forest Area of Sumbermanjing Kulon KPH Malang. Make a path of observation and identify the types of birds found in protected forests. Knowing the community's response to birdwatching activities around protected forests through interviews. Data analysis was done by making a map of the distribution of maps and the potential of the observation pathway using the ArcGis 10.3 program. There are 51 species of birds with 3.4 species diversity (H ') in the high category. The potential of 22 birdwatching routes with mostly flat road conditions (59%), sloping (23%) and steep (18%). Bird species that can be found in 6 species of birds for each observation pathway. Knowledge of respondents related to the ability to recognize 3-5 species of birds 40%, recognize 70% birdwatching activities, and 83% of respondents' agree with the development of birdwatching as a tourism. Keywords: birdwatching, ecoturism, Kondang Merak, protected forest
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Ananin, A. A., and I. A. Aiurzanaeva. "Dependence of floodplain birds’ dynamics on the spring flood height and duration in the middle Ob River." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 908, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/908/1/012012.
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Abstract Inter-annual variations in the total number of birds in floodplains of rivers are mainly associated with their flooding. The minimum population density during the nesting period was in a year with high and prolonged spring floods. The restoration and maximum development of shrubs took place with a significant simultaneous increase in the abundance of birds in subsequent years. Drying and simplification of vegetation cover were noted in all floodplain bird habitats during low-water periods. This process was accompanied by a decline in the number of birds. We identified four groups of bird species according to the criterion of the relationship “abundance – level and duration of the flood”. In the first group of bird species, abundance increased during high floods (3 species). In the second group, the abundance decreased sharply during high and prolonged floods (7 species). In the third group, the level and duration of the spring flood did not affect the abundance (9 species). In the fourth group, a very weak tendency of the negative flood level impact on the abundance of birds was noted (6 species).
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Kurniawan, Enal, Sugeng Prayitno Harianto, and Rusita Rusita. "Studi Wisata Pengamatan Burung (Birdwatching) Di Lahan Basah Desa Kibang Pacing Kecamatan Menggala Timur Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Provinsi Lampung." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 5, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1535-46.
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Indonesia have a wide wetland area, 21% of its lands area is a wetland comprising morethan 38 million hectare. Kibang pacing village at east menggala district is one of thewetlands in the lampung province that have a plenty species of bird comprising 40 species of21 families (Triyanah, 2014). Further research was needed to determine the potential birdspecies that will be used as attraction bird (birdwatching) in terms of its conservation status and ecological status. This research was aimed to determine the potential bird that will beused as birdwatching object, compare the result with the former research result that has beendone by Triyanah at 2014, determine the effect of habitat conditions and vegetation type tothe existence and activity of the bird, and knowing society perception about birdwatching. Tisresearch was using point count method, rapid assessment, and semistructured interview. Theresearch found 27 endemic species of birds and 13 species of birds categorized as protected.Habitat condition and vegetation type was affecting the presence and birds activity. Most ofthe birds was found in gelam vegetation because there was a plenty source of food. Societywas fully support the development of birdwatching tourism in the kibang pacing village.Keywords: Birdwatching, Kibang pacing, wetland
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Giorgio, Antonella, Salvatore De Bonis, Rosario Balestrieri, Giovanni Rossi, and Marco Guida. "The Isolation and Identification of Bacteria on Feathers of Migratory Bird Species." Microorganisms 6, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6040124.
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Worldwide, bacteria are the most ubiquitous microorganisms, and it has been extensively demonstrated that migratory wild birds can increase bacterial global scale dispersion through long-distance migration and dispersal. The microbial community hosted by wild birds can be highly diverse, including pathogenic strains that can contribute to infections and disease spread. This study focused on feather and plumage bacteria within bird microbial communities. Samples were collected during ornithological activities in a bird ringing station. Bacterial identification was carried out via DNA barcoding of the partial 16S rRNA gene. Thirty-seven isolates of bacteria were identified on the chest feathers of 60 migratory birds belonging to three trans-Saharan species: Muscicapa striata, Hippolais icterina, and Sylvia borin. Our results demonstrate the possibility of bacterial transfer, including pathogens, through bird migration between very distant countries. The data from the analysis of plumage bacteria can aid in the explanation of phenomena such as migratory birds’ fitness or the development of secondary sexual traits. Moreover, these results have deep hygienic–sanitary implications, since many bird species have synanthropic behaviors during their migration that increase the probability of disease spread.
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BENNETT, C. D., and S. LEESON. "INFLUENCE OF ENERGY INTAKE ON DEVELOPMENT OF BROILER BREEDER PULLETS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-031.
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One hundred and two broiler breeder pullets were reared from 10 wk of age on one of three diets formulated to contain 15% CP and provide 10.67, 11.72, or 12.89 MJ ME kg−1. All birds received the same daily feed allotment. At 20 wk of age, the pullets were light-stimulated and nine birds per treatment were slaughtered for carcass analysis. The remaining birds were slaughtered for carcass analysis at the time that they laid their first egg. Twelve birds from each treatment were blood sampled from 10–25.5 wk of age and plasma luteinizing hormone levels determined. While all birds had similar ages at first egg, birds given the high energy diet grew faster and had more fat, protein and fat-free mass in the body at first egg relative to birds consuming the least amount of energy. Birds fed the high energy diet also displayed a higher percentage of fat and lower percentage of protein at first egg than did the birds fed the low energy diet. Coefficients of variation for weight of protein and fat-free mass at first egg were 9.1 and 7.9%, respectively, compared to 24.4% for grams of fat at first egg; protein and fat-free masses appeared to be relatively constant at first egg. Linear regressions suggested a strong relationship between body composition and body weight both at 20 wk of age and first egg. Plasma luteinizing hormone levels were unaffected by diet. Key words: Broiler breeder, body composition, body weight, sexual maturity, energy intake
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Berkowitz, Beth A. "Birds as Dads, Babysitters, and Hats." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 26, no. 1-2 (November 26, 2021): 79–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685357-20210803.
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Abstract The commandment to send the mother bird from her nest before taking her eggs or chicks, known in Jewish tradition as shiluach hakan, is found in Deuteronomy 22:6–7. This essay addresses dominant perspectives on the mother bird mitzvah—its association with good luck, bad luck, and compassion—before showcasing rabbinic texts from Mishnah and Babylonian Talmud Hullin Chapter 12 that evince interest in birds as ingenious builders, as fathers and not just mothers, as queer parents and altruists, as rebel spirits who resist captivity even unto death and, finally, in birds as co-inhabitants of the earth whose lives are parallel to as well as enmeshed with our own. I offer here a bird-centric approach to the commandment, an effort to read it in a spirit of anti-anthropocentrism, drawing on animal studies scholar Matthew Calarco’s notion of indistinction.
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Hasan, Akib, Miguel Montoro Girona, Guillaume Grosbois, Narayan Saha, and Md Abdul Halim. "Land Sparing Can Maintain Bird Diversity in Northeastern Bangladesh." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 6472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166472.
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One of humanity’s most significant challenges in the process of attaining the established sustainability goals is balancing the growing human demand for food and the need to conserve biodiversity. This challenge requires appropriate land uses that are able to conserve biodiversity while ensuring ample food supply. This study compares bird species diversity and abundance in areas undergoing land sharing and land sparing in northeastern Bangladesh (West Bhanugach Reserved Forest). Birds serve as useful biologic indicators because of their presence within different trophic levels and their well-studied ecology. To survey birds, we selected a total of 66 sampling sites within land-sharing (33) and land-sparing (33) land-use areas. Between May and June 2017, we observed and recorded bird calls within a 50-m radius around each sampling site. We counted 541 individuals from 46 species of birds. The Shannon bird diversity was higher in the land-sparing sites (1.52) than in the land-sharing sites (1.23). We found approximately 30% more bird species (39 vs. 30) and 40% more individuals (318 vs. 223) in the land-sparing areas than land-sharing areas. Three bird species, Arachnothera longirostra, Micropternus brachyurus and Copsychus malabaricus, were significantly associated with the land-sparing sites. This study shows that land sharing negatively affects bird diversity, richness and abundance compared to land-sparing. The use of chemical fertilizers and the lack of food, such as insects, for birds can explain the lower diversity, richness and abundance of birds in the land-sharing areas. Although land sharing is an effective means of producing food, land sparing is the most effective land-use practice for preserving bird diversity in northeastern Bangladesh.
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Ferry, Björn, Håkan Rune, Ulf Andersson, and Martin Green. "Increasing numbers of wintering forest birds in Swedish Lapland 1986–2017 show stronger correlations with forest development than with local weather." Ornis Svecica 30 (February 29, 2020): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v30.19633.
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After a long period of decline, the number of forest birds has increased in Sweden in recent decades. Whether this trend is due to an increase in forested area, forest quality, climate change, or a combination of these factors, remains unclear. Here, we compared forest bird data from a local winter point count route around Storuman in Swedish Lapland between 1986 and 2017, with the development of regional forest composition and local weather conditions. We suggest that rather than changes in average annual, winter, or summer local temperatures or precipitation, the main drivers behind increasing numbers of wintering forest birds in this part of Sweden are an increase in the area of denser forest and dead wood volume, and a decrease in open ground area without forest vegetation. While there may be supplementary explanations behind the increasing numbers of forest birds, such as reduced agriculture, decreasing local human population, or stronger photosynthesis, our results indicate that local land use has been favourable for forest birds in recent decades in this area.
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Grzędzicka, Emilia. "Impact of Invasive Weeds on the Diversity and Dissimilarity of Bird Communities in Forested Areas." Diversity 14, no. 3 (March 20, 2022): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14030229.
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Caucasian hogweeds, mainly the Sosnowsky’s hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi and the giant hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum, create one of the most problematic plant invasions in the world. Due to their large size (weeds reaching 4–5 meters in height), they seem to be herbaceous plants that can threaten birds living in forest stands. This research quantified the structure and diversity of the forest birds’ community in forests with varying areas of invasive hogweeds located in south-eastern Poland. Changes in the accompanying non-forest birds’ community were also assessed. The study addressed the following questions: 1. How does the invaded area correlate with the abundance of forest birds? 2. How do communities and species respond to invaded vegetation? 3. How do the invading plants affect the various types of diversity of forest and non-forest birds? It turned out that both surveyed bird communities had a lower alpha diversity in invaded sites. Only forest birds, not able to change their location easily, formed a unique community (i.e., had a higher beta diversity) near invaders. Forest birds showed unchanged functional diversity based on the relative bird abundance and their connection, or lack of it, with the forest development phases. The effect of hogweeds on the abundance of forest birds was more negative in severely invaded areas with anthropogenic habitats. Non-forest birds showed higher species loss near the invasion, constant beta diversity and decreased functional diversity. This study is important as the forest is a climax community in the temperate zone, and unused open areas become spontaneously overgrown with young forests. Weeds disseminating after crop abandonment can highly and commonly affect forest and non-forest bird communities co-occurring in this type of overgrowing area.
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OKEKE, E. N., and T. TANIMU. "DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE (GUMBORO) VACCINE IN NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 9, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v9i2.1993.
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An infectious bursal disease virus strain obtained from an pathogenic strain that was attenuated in em-bryonated eggs, is produced in a primary culture of chicken embryo fibroblast, (CEF). This virus has been passaged 10 times further in CEF, and is now intended for use in the active immunisation of chickens against IBD. The vaccinę virus replicates well in CEF giving a titer of up to107.5 TCID50 per ml. In spite of its pathogenicity for CEF, the vaccine has no pathogenicity for chickens as shown by the absence of gross and histopathological lesions in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) of birds infected with it. Immunogenicity is retained and infact compares favourably with those of other IBD virus strains. The vaccine virus does not revert back to its original pathogenicity but can be adversely affected by storage at room temperature and at 37°C. It could however be stored at +2°C to +8°C or lower for up to six months without loss in potency, The vaccine can be administered by mouth or intramuscularly and as low as 50 TCID50 per bird guarantees full protection. However, as much as 125,000 times the guaranteed dose per bird has been administered without any observable changes in the BF of the affected birds. The field dosage is calculated so that at least one guaranteed dose (i.e. 50 TCID50 ) is still available to each bird even after incubation at 37°C for 7 days. The vaccine did not depress the immune response of chickens to ND vaccine intraocular when administered concurrently with it. The vaccine was tested for safety and immunogenicity in a population of two isolated flocks totalling 8504 birds. The immune status of a flock tested was significantly enhanced as a result of the vaccination (Table 6). More than 10.8 million doses have been issued to the field from 1979 to 1982 and the demand is increasing. Every batch of vaccine produced is tested for viability in CEF, sterility in bacterial culture media and for safety and potency in chickens.