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1
Sprague, Terry, M. Elizabeth Harrington, and Carmen M. E. Krogh. "Birds and Bird Habitat." Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 31, no. 5 (August 22, 2011): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0270467611417844.
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GINANTRA, I. Ketut, I. Ketut MUKSIN, Martin JONI, and Luh Putu Eswaryanti Kusuma YUNI. "Bird Diversity as a Support of Ecotourism Activities in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Lembongan Island Bali." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 13, no. 7 (December 2, 2022): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.7(63).04.
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Research has been carried out on bird diversity to support ecotourism attractions in the mangrove area of Lembongan Island. The research was conducted in April - August 2021. The focus of this research is the identification, description of bird species and the use of habitats for bird activities. To achieve this goal, the following steps were taken: Identification of bird species based on morphological characteristics, determining the abundance of bird species using the point count method, determining bird activity at each ecosystem site of mangroves with ad libitum sampling method. Bird species diversity was determined by the Shannon-Wiener index. The results of the study found 32 species of birds belonging to 26 families. Most of the birds found were terrestrial birds with 21 species, and water birds (shore birds) with 11 species. Overall, the diversity of bird species in the mangrove ecosystem is in the high category (diversity index 3.03) and the species evenness index is high (evenness index 0.87). The types of vegetation used by birds at the 7 research sites were mangrove vegetation, mangrove associations and dry land vegetation. The presence of birds, bird conservation status, bird activities, habitat use by birds in mangrove habitats are attractive attractions for ecotourism.
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Tirthankar Dalui and Nabajit Mondal. "Unlocking the Secrets of Bird Conservation through Ringing: A Review." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, no. 4 (November 23, 2023): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44i4.2065.
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Bird ringing, a widely employed technique for marking and studying birds, plays a crucial role in bird conservation. As the human population increases and natural habitats are threatened, birds face numerous challenges that necessitate effective conservation efforts. This paper examines the significance of bird ringing in gathering vital data for conservation and outlines the process and benefits of this technique. Bird ringing provides essential information for understanding bird populations and their behaviours. By capturing and marking birds, researchers can collect data on demographics, habitat usage, feeding patterns, and breeding seasons. Advanced techniques, such as radio-labelled rings, enable tracking of bird movements and migration routes. Through ringing, researchers can examine diseases, assess the presence of microorganisms that may impact both bird and human health and contribute to the understanding of bird-related biosecurity. The process of bird ringing involves careful capture and handling of birds using various techniques tailored to different species and habitats. Rings made of appropriate materials are applied to the birds for identification purposes. Thus, bird ringing is valuable for gathering critical data on bird populations, behaviour, and health, contributing significantly to bird conservation and sustainability. By providing insights into migration patterns, habitat usage, and health status, bird ringing enables conservationists to make informed decisions and implement effective measures to protect bird species and their habitats. Continued research and collaboration in the field of bird ringing are essential for the long-term preservation of avian biodiversity and the maintenance of healthy ecosystems.
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Balaira, Hartina S., G. V. J. Assa, F. J. Nangoy, C. L. K. Sarajar, and Meis Nangoy. "INFESTASI KUTU PADA AYAM KAMPUNG (Gallus gallus domestic) DI DESA TOLOK KECAMATAN TOMPASO KABUPATEN MINAHASA." ZOOTEC 39, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.39.2.2019.25769.
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LOUSE INFESTATION AT LOCAL LAYING HENS (Gallus gallus domestic) AT TOLOKVILLAGE TOMPASO DISTRICT OF MINAHASA REGENCY. The objective of this study was to count the infestation, preference of this louse on parts of the body and sex of birds, The purposive random sampling method was used in sample collection implemented manually on the birds stated in the morning and in the afternoon by screening all body of birds initiated from head, neck, hip, abdomen, thigh, and tail using all fingers. Samples of louses found were filled into bottle containing alcohol of 70%. Samples of louses were counted. Result showed that the parasite found one type of louse (Menopon gallinae) with preference infestation of 87.5% from 40 local laying hens spreading on the body parts of birds in the average frequencies on hip of birds about 6.23 louses/bird, on neck of bird about 3.43 louse/bird, on abdomen of bird about 5.48 louses/bird, on thigh about 0.83 louses/bird and on tail about 1.28 louses/bird. The preference of parasite was found on female bird with the average of 20.35 louses/female bird and 14.10 louse/male bird. Key words: Infestation, louses, local laying hens.
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Yudkin, V. A., and M. A. Grabovski. "QUANTITATIVE METHOD OF ESTIMATE OF AERODROME BIRDS HAZARD RISK." Civil Aviation High TECHNOLOGIES 21, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2018-21-4-48-59.
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The formalized parameters of bird hazard assessment at the aerodrome are presented. The size of total biomass of all birds that are in a zone of aircraft movement reflects the aggregate characteristic of ornithological hazard. This is a dynamic parameter, its dimensionality is kg/hour‧km2. The size of biomass is differentiated on high-altitude layers and the directions of its movement. In addition, it is necessary to estimate activity of each bird species at the aerodrome as component parts of bird hazard. Its dimensionality is individuals/hour‧km2. One more parameter of aerodrome bird hazard in the assessment process of activity of each bird species is the behavior pattern of birds in aerodrome airspace. This parameter will allow to reveal the sources of bird arrivals at the airfield and to detect the causes of it. Assessment of this share is necessary to choose the effective measures to decrease bird strike risk. The birds recording technique at airfield has been designed to obtain quantitative values of main parameters of bird hazard. The birds recording is carried out from the observation points located on the opposite sides of the runway. The birds recording technique is based on visual detection of birds, identification of species, sex and age determination, expert estimate of altitude and direction of their movement. Except the flying birds, the foraging and resting birds on the ground are also considered. The contribution of these birds to the aggregate value of ornithological hazard is bigger than overflying birds. The birds recording technique is described in detail. The norms and frequency of birds recording to obtain data on daily and seasonal dynamics of aerodrome bird hazard are substantiated. The algorithm of processing the results of birds recording and calculation of the main parameters value of bird hazard is stated. Gradations of bird hazard and relevant measures to decrease quantity of birds at airfield are proposed.
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Kumar, Anjali, and Sean O'Donnell. "Fragmentation and elevation effects on bird–army ant interactions in neotropical montane forest of Costa Rica." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 5 (August 16, 2007): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467407004270.
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Army ants (Formicidae: Ecitoninae) are top predators in neotropical forests. Army ant raids support a community of diverse organisms, including birds that attend the raids to collect prey. While elevation and forest fragmentation influence army ant and insectivorous bird communities, their effects on the interaction between army ants and bird species is unknown. We studied the size and species composition of bird flocks attending army ant swarms in forest fragments and continuous forest across an elevational gradient (1100–1680 m asl) in a neotropical montane region (Monteverde, Costa Rica). We observed a total of 41 bird species attending army ant swarms. Neither the number of birds, nor the total body mass of birds, nor the number of bird species in attending bird flocks was related to elevation. However, we found a higher bird species richness, larger flock size and greater total body mass of birds attending army ant swarms in continuous forest. Continuous and fragmented forest shared many attending bird species in common, but there was elevational segregation of attending bird species. Some montane endemic birds, and neotropical migrants, attend swarms regularly and use army ant raids as a food source.
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GINANTRA, I. Ketut, I. Ketut MUKSIN, and Martin JONI. "Diversity of Birds for Ecotourism Attractions in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Nature Conservation Forum Putri Menjangan." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 11, no. 1 (April 18, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v11.1(41).07.
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Research on bird diversity has been carried out to support ecotourism attractions in the mangrove area of Conservation Forum Putri Menjangan. The study was conducted in April-July 2018. The focus of this research was identification, description of bird species and habitat use for bird activities. To achieve this goal, the following steps are taken: (1) Identification of bird species based on morphological characteristics, (2) determining the abundance of bird species by point count method (3) determining the activity of birds in each mangrove zoning with the ad libitum sampling method. The diversity of bird species is determined by the Shannon-wiener index. The results of the study found 39 birds species included in 24 families. In each zoning the mangrove forest shows a variety of diversity. The central mangrove zone is showing the diversity of the most diverse species of birds. The birds use mangrove vegetation to perch, forage. Mudflat and tide in mangrove habitats are used by birds for foraging activities. The existence of birds, bird activity, habitat use by birds in mangrove habitat is an interesting attraction in ecotourism.
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Yi, Shuyan, Jing Wang, and Bing Han. "Research on the bird image in Shanhai Jing." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 15 (June 13, 2023): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v15i.9315.
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The Classic of Mountains and Seas is the original work of Chinese mythology, which records rich images of gods and mythological stories. Bird is a very important mythological image among them. Through the review of the literature, it can be seen that the birds in Shanhai Jing can be divided into four categories according to their physical characteristics: normal birds, alien birds, human-bird combinations and other categories. According to their functions, they can also be divided into four categories: auspicious bird, ominous bird, medicinal bird, and defensive bird. The paper comprehensively analyzes the bird imagery in the Book of Mountains and Seas from the surface to the inside by classifying the morphological characteristics of birds, analyzing their own functions, and exploring the reasons for ancient bird worship. The bird imagery in Shanhai Jing is a product of totem worship by ancient people. The study not only deepens the understanding of the text of Shanhai Jing, but also provides a deeper exploration of ancient Chinese mythology, with certain research value.
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Metz, Isabel C., Joost Ellerbroek, Thorsten Mühlhausen, Dirk Kügler, and Jacco M. Hoekstra. "Analysis of Risk-Based Operational Bird Strike Prevention." Aerospace 8, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8020032.
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Bird strike prevention in civil aviation has traditionally focused on the airport perimeter. Since the risk of especially damaging bird strikes outside the airport boundaries is rising, this paper investigates the safety potential of operational bird strike prevention involving pilots and controllers. In such a concept, controllers would be equipped with a bird strike advisory system, allowing them to delay departures which are most vulnerable to the consequences of bird strikes in case of high bird strike risk. An initial study has shown the strong potential of the concept to prevent bird strikes in case of perfect bird movement prediction. This paper takes the research to the next level by taking into account the limited predictability of bird tracks. As such, the collision avoidance algorithm is extended to a bird strike risk algorithm. The risk of bird strikes is calculated for birds expected to cross the extended runway center line and to cause aircraft damage upon impact. By specifically targeting these birds and excluding birds lingering on the runway which are taken care of by the local wildlife control, capacity reductions should be limited, and the implementation remain feasible. The extrapolation of bird tracks is performed by simple linear regression based on the bird positions known at the intended take-off times. To calculate the probability of collision, uncertainties resulting from variability in bird velocity and track are included. The study demonstrates the necessity to limit alerts to potentially damaging strikes with birds crossing the extended runway center line to keep the imposed delays tolerable for airports operating at their capacity limits. It is shown that predicting bird movements based on simple linear regression without considering individual bird behavior is insufficient to achieve a safety-effect. Hence, in-depth studies of multi-year bird data to develop bird behavior models and reliable predictions are recommended for future research. This is expected to facilitate the implementation of a bird strike advisory system satisfying both safety and capacity aspects.
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Wu, Bin, Jiewei Lin, Anshun Xie, Ning Wang, Guichang Zhang, Junhong Zhang, and Huwei Dai. "Flocking Bird Strikes on Engine Fan Blades and Their Effect on Rotor System: A Numerical Simulation." Aerospace 9, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9020090.
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Bird strikes are a common, serious, and devastating event in aviation accidents, and multi-bird strikes are also frequently reported. A numerical multi-bird-strike simulation was performed to investigate the effect of flocking birds striking on engine blades. The smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was adopted in the hemispherical-ended bird substitute model, and the finite element method (FEM) with EOS state equation was adopted for the fan model as well. Impact analyses have been presented using different flocking birds and impact location distributions. A “0-2-1” supported rotor system dynamic model was established to study the effect of the multi-bird-strike impact forces on the rotor system. The results show that bird-strike severity is related to the impact location distribution, with blade-root impacts being the most dangerous. The small flocking bird strikes had little effect on the fan compared to the cases of medium flocking birds and the large single bird. The dynamic response of the fan to the small flocking birds was the same as without a bird strike, while the other cases changed the motion period and excited the rotor first-order vibration.
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Kidd, Aline H., and Robert M. Kidd. "Problems and Benefits of Bird Ownership." Psychological Reports 83, no. 1 (August 1998): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.1.131.
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Because research literature on human and avian interactions is limited, it seemed important to investigate the benefits and liabilities of pet-bird ownership. It was hypothesized that most pet bird owners would have other pet animals in addition to birds, that one-fifth of owners would have owned pet birds during childhood or adolescence, that they would report their birds provided physical and verbal companionship, and that most would admit to their being some real liabilities in owning birds. 50 men and 50 women bird owners were interviewed. Clearly, bird owners were also animal lovers, and their responses supported all the hypotheses. The primary benefits of bird ownership were friendship, companionship, and verbal interactions. The primary liabilities were messiness and noise. Respondents stated good bird owners needed to be patient, affectionate, and sensitively perceptive. These findings should help in training of both children and adults for careful nurturing of birds and other pets.
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Zhou, Jiaogen, Yang Wang, Caiyun Zhang, Wenbo Wu, Yanzhu Ji, and Yeai Zou. "Eyebirds: Enabling the Public to Recognize Water Birds at Hand." Animals 12, no. 21 (November 1, 2022): 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12213000.
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Enabling the public to easily recognize water birds has a positive effect on wetland bird conservation. However, classifying water birds requires advanced ornithological knowledge, which makes it very difficult for the public to recognize water bird species in daily life. To break the knowledge barrier of water bird recognition for the public, we construct a water bird recognition system (Eyebirds) by using deep learning, which is implemented as a smartphone app. Eyebirds consists of three main modules: (1) a water bird image dataset; (2) an attention mechanism-based deep convolution neural network for water bird recognition (AM-CNN); (3) an app for smartphone users. The waterbird image dataset currently covers 48 families, 203 genera and 548 species of water birds worldwide, which is used to train our water bird recognition model. The AM-CNN model employs attention mechanism to enhance the shallow features of bird images for boosting image classification performance. Experimental results on the North American bird dataset (CUB200-2011) show that the AM-CNN model achieves an average classification accuracy of 85%. On our self-built water bird image dataset, the AM-CNN model also works well with classification accuracies of 94.0%, 93.6% and 86.4% at three levels: family, genus and species, respectively. The user-side app is a WeChat applet deployed in smartphones. With the app, users can easily recognize water birds in expeditions, camping, sightseeing, or even daily life. In summary, our system can bring not only fun, but also water bird knowledge to the public, thus inspiring their interests and further promoting their participation in bird ecological conservation.
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Ewuola, E. O., and A. T. Olujimi. "Bovine testicular fluid enhanced growth performance of broiler chickens." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i1.1287.
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Testosterone has been reported to have anabolic influence on various organs of animals. Thus, an experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of crude testosterone in bovine testicular fluid (BTF) on the growth performance of broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty-five broiler chicks (Abore Acre) were used. They were raised for one week and randomly allotted into five treatments consisted of five replicates (five chicks per replicate) under the intensive management system. Four different levels; 25mL, 50mL, 75mL, and 100mL of bovine testicular fluid per litre of water were administered to the birds, while the control birds were offered ordinary water. Feeds (broiler starter and finisher diets) were provided ad libitum on daily basis at weeks 2-4 and 5-8, respectively and clean water was given at free choice throughout the period of the study. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily water intake (ADWI), average daily weight gain (ADWG) per bird, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the birds were determined. At week seven blood was sampled to assay for level of the luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone. The results indicated that ALW and the ADWG of the T5 birds (1850.00g/bird and 43.79g/bird, respectively) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than birds in T1, T2, T3, and T4, while the ADFI of T1, T3 and T4 birds (90.33g/bird, 94.09g/bird, 90.39g/bird respectively) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than T2 (84.60g/bird) and T5 (84.60g/bird). ADWI of the T5 and T4 birds (101.01mL/bird, and 98.68mL/bird, respectively) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than TI (82.13mL/bird), T2 (86.50mL/bird) and T3 (93.01mL/bird) birds. Birds administered 100mL of BTF/litre (T5) had the best percentage carcass yield and feed conversion ratio of 76.60% and 2.11 respectively, among the treatments T1, T2, T3, and T4 birds. The result of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the serum concentration of the sex hormones showed that the expression of the serum testosterone increased as the inclusion levels of the Bovine testicular fluid increased with birds on T5 having significantly (P < 0.05) higher values (3.64 nmol/L) than those on the control (2.60 nmol/L). However, testosterone levels in T2 (3.18 nmol/L), T3 (3.24 nmol/L) and T4 (3.40 nmol/L) was not significantly different from T5. This study suggests that 100ml of bovine testicular fluid per liter of the drinking water can be used as a growth promoter for broiler chickens.
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Bayoa, Dian L. M. Bayoa, C. L. Sarayar, Marie Najoan, and Wapsiati Utiah. "EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb) dan TEPUNG TEMU PUTIH (Curcuma Zedoaria roxb) DALAM RANSUM KOMERSIAL TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM PEDAGING." ZOOTEC 34 (June 4, 2014): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.34.0.2014.4796.
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An experiment was conducted to examine the effectiveness of Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb and Curcuma Zedoaria rox flours added in ration on performances of broilers. Fifty-four CP-707® strain broilers were used in the experiment at animal house of Animal Husbandry Faculty, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado and they were placed into cages (60cm x 45cm x 45cm), three birds per cage. Randomized completely design were used in this experiment, with three treatments and six replications. The three treatments were R0 (ration without Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb and Curcuma Zedoaria rox flours), R1 (Ration with 2% of Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb flour) and R2 (Ration with 2% of Curcuma Zedoaria rox flour). It was found that, there were no significant different (P>0.05) between treatments on feed consumption, body growth and feed conversion ratio of broilers. Feed consumptions were 111,69gram/bird/day (R0), 118,98gram/bird/day (R1), and 124,34gram/bird/day (R2); Body growths were 53,09gram/bird/day (R0), 54,84gram/birdr/day (R1), 57,59gram/bird/day (R2); Feed conversion ratios were 2,20gram/bird/day (R0), 2,18gram/bird/day (R1), and 2,16gram/bird/day (R2) respectively. It was concluded that, the performances of broilers given ration with addition of 2% of Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb and Curcuma Zedoaria rox flours were same as the performances of broiler given ration without Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb and Curcuma Zedoaria rox flours Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb and Curcuma Zedoaria rox flours. Key words: Broilers, Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb, Curcuma Zedoaria rox, flour.
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Tofanescu, Diana-Roxana, and Carmen Gache. "Aspects on the bird fauna's diversity in the sector Golăiești - Cotul Bran (Iași county, Romania)." Acta et commentationes: Ştiinţe Exacte şi ale Naturii 13, no. 1 (November 2022): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36120/2587-3644.v13i1.64-81.
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The present study had followed to evaluate the bird fauna’s diversity and the seasonal dynamic of birds’ population in the sector of Golăiești – Cotul Bran, related to the common Jijia and Prut Rivers’ basin. We did our fieldwork in the years 2014 and 2015. The bird fauna’s list includes 117 bird species. The typically woodland bird species are dominant like diversity, but also through their effectives. The wetland bird species present small populations, appearing during the migration time. The breeding bird fauna include 77 certainly breeding species, other 6 species being irregular or probably breeding species in the area. During our study, we identified 21 bird species that appear in the Annex 1 of Birds’ Directive, respectively, 12 bird species included in the Romanian Red Book of Vertebrates.
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Charoenpokaraj, Nitinarth, and Petchpanom Chitman. "Species Diversity and Abundance of Birds along Boat Touring Routes for Ecotourism in Tha-kha Sub-District, Amphawa District, Samut Songkram Province, Thailand." Proceedings 2, no. 22 (November 5, 2018): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2221389.
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Tha-kha Floating Market is a famous tourist attraction in Tha Kha sub-district, Amphawa district, Samut Songkram Province, Thailand. There are Thai paddle-boats for tourists to get close to nature and local people lifestyle along the canals. The objectives of this research were (1) to study species diversity, feeding behavior and status of birds in the research area. (2) to analyze abundance and similarity of birds in the research area. The data was carried out by field survey of species of birds and their behaviors sighted directly and from their calls by using line transect method then classify species, feeding behavior and status of birds, analyze their abundance and similarity in three routes. Three boat touring routes were surveyed; route 1 (Tha Kha floating market—homestay), route 2 (Tha Kha floating market—Thai traditional sugar making kiln), and route 3 (Thai traditional sugar making kiln—resort). The survey was conducted in the morning from 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. and in the afternoon from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. One survey was made each month from April 2017–March 2018. The result of this research found that there were 15 orders, 37 families and 74 species of birds. The highest number of bird species in 3 routes was 49 species in December and 47 species in November accordingly because it was migratory season of migratory birds in the research area. According to bird feeding behavior, the maximum insectivorous bird species of 35 were found in 3 routes. According to status of birds, 52 resident birds, 9 migratory birds, 13 resident and migratory birds were found in 3 routes. According to bird abundance, 21 bird species were in level 5, 7 bird species in level 4, 20 bird species in level 3, 9 bird species in level 2 and 17 bird species in level 1. According to bird similarity index, the similarity index between route 1 and route 3 was 0.814. The community also organized eco-touring activities by using Thai paddle-boats. So the birds are as indicators of natural balance of local ecosystem.
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Yin, Bidan, and Xingyu Chai. "Habitat Suitability Evaluation and Environmental Factor Identification for Spatial Distribution of Urban Birds: A Case Study of Hongshan District, Wuhan City, China." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 8, no. 1 (November 15, 2023): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.8.1.557.2023.
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The article takes 11 species of birds in Hongshan District as the research object based on the bird observation data 2020 and then identifies the spatial distribution of their habitats through the MaxEnt model. According to the results, we analyze the distribution characteristics and problems of bird habitats in Hongshan District and finally put forward the optimization suggestions according to the cohort groups. We conclude that water habitats and urban forest parks have higher suitability for bird spatial distribution and that the influence of various environmental factors on different types of birds is somewhat different. Based on the data analysis results, we provide references for the conservation of bird diversity and habitat restoration in Hongshan District: (1) Control the area of construction land and the number of high-rise buildings to make room for bird migration, enhance gene exchange among birds in different patches, and enrich species diversity. (2) Increase the number of bird migration “stations” between long-distance habitat patches to provide resting points for birds during long-distance migration. (3) Increase the number of bird migration "stations" between long-distance habitat patches to provide resting points for birds in the urban forest park. (4) Adopt tree-shrub-grass planting to provide more living space for birds. (5) Reserve a green corridor around urban roads and water systems to reduce the impact of urban roads on the distribution pattern of bird suitability.
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Erfianto, Bayu, and Intan Muchtadi-Alamsyah. "Stability and Vulnerability of Bird Flocking Behaviour: A Mathematical Analysis." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 26, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.26.4.179.
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Given a large number of birds in the flock, we mathematically investigate the mechanism the birds move in a collective behavior. We assume that each bird is able to know its position and velocity of other birds within a radius of communication. Thus, to be able to fly in the flock, a bird has to adjust its position and velocity according to his neighbors. For this purpose, first of all, we analyze how the connectedness of the bird interaction network affects the cohesion of the stable bird flock. We further analyze a condition when the flock is vulnerable, which is mathematically indicated by means of the presence of an articulation point in bird communication network.
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Siri, Dharmapuri, Sashank Desu, Karthik Alladi, Duggi Swathi, Swati Singh, and Vellanki Srilakshmi. "Automated System for Bird Species Identification Using CNN." E3S Web of Conferences 430 (2023): 01057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001057.
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There are around 11000 different bird species in the globe. Rarely are certain bird species encountered. Bird identification is a challenging task that usually leads to unclear labelling. When presented a picture of a bird, even professional bird watchers differ on the species. Despite having the same basic components across all bird species, form and appearance can vary greatly. Intraclass variance is substantial due to variations in lighting and backdrop, as well as a wide range of instances. Additionally, visual recognition of birds by humans is more comprehensible than audible recognition of birds. Consequently, the convolutional neural networks(CNN) is utilized for an automated bird species identification system. CNNs are a powerful Deep Learning ensemble that have shown to be effective in image processing. The dataset is used for both training and testing of a CNN system that classifies bird species. This will lead to quick identification of the bird species using an automated process.
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Anggraini, Mirya. "Burung yang Baik Dipelihara dan Tidak dalam Serat Ngalamating Kutut." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 12, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.12.3.20-29.
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This study aims to reveal the meaning of the pekutut bird in Serat Ngalamating Kutut. Material object of this research is Serat Ngalamating Kutut. Serat Ngalamating Kutut consists of nineteen stanzas and contains myths about perkutut bird. The text describes fifteen kinds perkutut bird. Of the fifteen kinds can be divided into two. Nine kinds are good turtles and the other six are bad birds. The results showed, the characteristics of perkutut birds that have good and bad influence there is in the text. Birds that have good characteristic are recommended to maintain. Contrarily, birds that have bird characteristics that can bring problems are not recommended, even forbidden to maintain.
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He, Mengxuan, Ziling Dai, Xunqiang Mo, Zhengwang Zhang, Jin Liu, Weipan Lei, Weiqing Meng, Beibei Hu, and Wenbin Xu. "Annual Dynamics of Bird Community at a Coastal Wetland and Their Relation to Habitat Types: The Example of Beidagang Wetland, Northern China." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020342.
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In order to provide more scientific guidance for wetland bird protection, this study addressed the dynamics of the bird community sorted by ecotypes, classifications and threat categories from 2015 to 2019, and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, generalized additive models and the Mantel test were used to examine the relationships between bird communities and habitat types. The results showed that: (1) The abundance of birds peaked in 2017 at 88,258 individuals and then declined. Moreover, there was an inverse trend between species richness and abundance of birds, meaning greater abundance is associated with fewer species. (2) Swimming birds were dominant ecotypes and Anseriformes possessed the highest abundance. It was noteworthy that the abundance of critically endangered birds (Aythya baeri and Grus leucogeranus) and the species richness of endangered birds increased. (3) Building land and farmland had dominant impacts on the composition of bird community. Wading birds and birds in Gruiformes were significantly impacted by building land and farmland, and near threatened species were substantially influenced by farmland. Therefore, maintaining good connectivity between protected areas and surrounding areas is one of the best ways to effectively manage biodiversity of the target area. This research may provide a broader insight for coastal wetland bird habitat management and bird diversity preservation.
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Akter, S., SC Das, AS Apu, T. Ahmed, A. Lahiry, A. Afrin, and NJ Nishat. "Early sex determination of Turkey by observation of differences in body weight between male and female." Progressive Agriculture 31, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v31i3.52126.
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The present study was conducted to determine the early sex in turkeys by observation of the differences in body weight between male and female birds. A total of 30-day old black color unsexed poults having almost similar body weight at hatching were considered for the experimentation and housed at the Poultry Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. All birds were reared up to 12 weeks of age under intensive management with supplementation of commercial broiler starter and grower feeds. Birds were reared under similar management conditions. Significantly higher (p<0.01) body weight was attained in male poults (104g/bird) than the female (90g/bird) at the end of 1st week of age. Similarly, at the end of 2nd week of age higher (p<0.01) body weight attained by male poults (198.31g/bird) than the female (162.13g/bird). At the end of 3rd weeks of age male poults attained higher (p<0.01) body weight (307.23g/bird) than the female (251.33g/bird). After 4 weeks of rearing, male turkeys attained significantly higher (p<0.01) live body weight (424.46g/bird) than the female turkeys (347.87g/bird). The weekly average body weight gains of male and female birds were 94.18g/bird and 76.5g/bird, respectively. Thus, the male and female birds were successfully identified on the basis of differences in their body weight. Weekly feed intake for both the male and female birds was also increased with their age. Up to 4 weeks of age, both the male and female poults consumed same amount of feed (753.46g/bird). The FCR of male and female poults differed non-significantly in 1st, 3rd and 4th week. On the contrary, in 2nd week of age the FCR of male poults (1.60) was significantly lower (p<0.01) than female (2.11). Survivability was 100% up to 4th week of age irrespective of sex of the poults. The birds were reared up to 12 weeks of age until to confirm their sex by observation of the phenotypic appearance. Results of the phenotypic observation of male and female birds correspondence hundred percent accuracy with the results obtained in body weight based differences between male and female birds. It is therefore concluded that farmers can identify male or female poults as early as first week of age on the basis of body weight differences.
Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 218-226, 2020
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Jago, Carol. "Bird by Bird." English Journal 85, no. 6 (October 1996): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/819840.
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Patil, S., and K. Choudaj. "The Importance of Artificial Wetlands in the Conservation of Wetland Birds and the Impact of Land Use Attributes Around the Wetlands: a Study from the Ajara Conservation Reserve, Western Ghats, India." zoodiversity 57, no. 1 (2023): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zoo2023.01.041.
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Artificial wetlands are built to meet the rising human population's water needs, with little attention paid to their ecological significance. The current study was carried out to assess the importance of artificial wetlands in biodiversity conservation. Habitat quality of wetlands was assessed using the birds as an ecological indicator. Bird surveys were carried out at the five artificial wetlands located in the Ajara conservation reserve, northern Western Ghats, India. Bird surveys were conducted for five years (2011–2015). During the study, 165 bird species were recorded, including 34 wetland birds and 131 wetland-associated birds. Wetlands in forested areas have a higher richness of wetland birds. Wetlands surrounded by exotic plantations, agriculture, and human settlements exhibit lower wetland bird richness than wetlands in forested areas. Land use attributes around the wetlands affect wetland bird diversity. The current study gives a glimpse that these artificial wetlands could serve as a possible habitat for wetland birds.
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A. Tierney, D., and A. K. Morris. "A test of monitoring methodology for the conservation management of birds." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 1 (2002): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020052.
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We report on a programme to integrate monitoring for birds into conservation management and planning by local government. Bird surveys were used to develop a monitoring protocol for birds in woodlands/forests of north Wyong. Regional vegetation units have distinct bird assemblages when surveyed with adequate temporal and spatial replication. Multivariate analyses revealed a different bird assemblage structure in some locations, suggesting that assemblage decline could be monitored through time. Attributes necessary to successfully monitor bird conservation are discussed. We conclude that the success of a conservation management plan in conserving birds within the north Wyong area can be determined with appropriate monitoring.
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Liu, Jia, Qunyu Xu, Min Su, and Weishi Chen. "Activity Modeling and Characterization for Airport Bird Situation Awareness Using Avian Radar Datasets." Aerospace 11, no. 6 (May 30, 2024): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11060442.
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Birds in airport airspaces are critical threats to aviation safety. Avian radar systems are effective for long-range bird monitoring and hazard warning, but their functionalities are confined to a short-term temporal scale. Spatial–temporal activity modeling and characterization for birds are not studied comprehensively from historical radar datasets. This paper proposes a radar data analysis framework to characterize bird activities as a long-term functionality complement. Spatial domain modeling initializes data mining by extracting reference spots for data filtering. Bird activities are quantified in the temporal domain. Activity degrees are utilized for periodicity extraction with the daily segment random permutation strategy. Categorical probabilities are calculated to interpret bird activity periodicity characters. Historical radar datasets collected from an avian radar system are adopted for validation. The extracted activity periodicity trends for diurnal birds present prominent consistency with artificial observation records. Migratory bird periodicity trends present a good match with ornithology understandings. A preliminary experiment is presented to indicate the possibility of predicting bird activity levels, especially for migratory birds.
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Anugrah, Kiki Dwi, Agus Setiawan, and Jani Master. "Keanekaragaman Spesies Burung Di Hutan Lindung Register 25 Pematang Tanggang Kabupaten Tanggamus Lampung." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 5, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1515-116.
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Protection forest is one of the habitats of various birds, however the increasing of forest exposureinto plantation and agriculture area distribution of bird populations surpressed. Protection ForestRegister 25 Pematang Tanggang located in Tanggamus regency has 3.380 ha areas. The purposeof this research is to identify the difference of birds species in the different of habitat. The methodthat used is IPA(Indices Point d,Abondance), with 6 points of observation. The observation wasdone for 5 effective days. Overall, the number of birds that found in Protection Forest Register 25Pematang Tanggang are 37 bird species that come from 16 family with total 985 individu. In eachdense, sparse and residential areas has 26, 29, and 12 birds species. Diversity and evenness ofbirds species in the Protection Forest Register 25 Pematang Tanggang are moderate(H'= 0,89)and stable (J = 0,80). The index value of the largest bird species similarity between bird species indense forests and sparse forests as big as(IS = 0.69). Overall of all bird species found, 12 birdsspecies that enrolled in protected status PP No. , 7 In 1999, 9 birds species listed are registered inAppendix II of CITES, and 1 bird species is enrolled in protected status of IUCN.Keywords : protection forest, diversity of birds species, protected status.
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Koyong, Stewart S., H. R. Wungouw, L. Lambey, and S. Laatung. "MORFOMETRI BURUNG WERIS Gallirallus philippensis dan BURUNG WERIS Gallirallus torquatus DI KOTA KOTAMOBAGU SULAWESI UTARA." ZOOTEC 34 (June 4, 2014): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.34.0.2014.4793.
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ABSTRACT Mandar bird ( Gallirallus ) or in Minahasa called with less weris bird has long been known by the people of North Sulawesi , Minahasa and especially the City of Kotamobagu. Is a bird in the family Rallidae family of birds that have a small to medium body size. General habitat of this bird is close river swamp or lake . Weris birds usually breed in thrive densely vegetated areas by Rusila (1994 ) . Identify the problem at least some information about morphometric characteristics some species of weris bird. In North Sulawesi city of Kotamobagu the purpose of this study was to obtain data morphometric characteristics of weris birds in the city of Kotamobagu. The expected benefits of the research , provide information about morphometric charaeteristics of weris birds , which is useful in the breeding process . Based on the results of research conducted in the City of Kotamobagu Bolaang Mongondo North Sulawesi , found 2 different types of weris birds that Gallirallus philippensis and Gallirallus torquatus . Of the two types of birds have different characters that can be seen from the outside or exterior appearance , and also can be seen from the size where Gallirallus philippensis have a smaller size compared to Gallirallus torquatus. . Keywords : bird weris , Morfomertri .
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Bhusal, Santosh, Kapil Khanal, Shivam Goel, Manoj Karkee, and Matthew Edmund Taylor. "Bird Deterrence in a Vineyard Using an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 2 (2019): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12923.
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Abstract. Washington State growers lose more than $80 million annually to bird damage in fruit crops such as cherries, grapes, Honeycrisp apples, and blueberries. Conventional bird deterrence techniques, such as netting, auditory devices, visual devices, chemical application, falconry, and shooting, are either costly, ineffective, or harmful to birds. At the same time, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have become popular in military, civilian, and agricultural applications due to decreasing cost, good maneuverability, and their ability to perform multiple types of missions. This article presents an approach using UAS to deter birds and minimize their damage to wine grapes. A quadcopter UAS was flown for three days in September 2016 over a section (30 m × 30 m) of a vineyard to deter birds. The test section of the vineyard was next to a canyon with many trees that provided shelter for a large number of birds. The experimental design included different deterrence methods against birds, including auditory deterrence, visual deterrence, and varying UAS flight patterns. The test section of the vineyard was under continuous video surveillance from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. using four GoPro cameras for five continuous days, including three days when the UAS was flown. A Gaussian mixture model-based motion detection algorithm was used to detect birds in the videos, a Kalman filter was then used for tracking the detected birds, and bird activities (incoming and outgoing birds) were counted based on the movement of birds across the plot boundary. Two accuracy measures (precision and recall) were calculated to analyze the performance of the automated bird detection and counting system. The results showed that the proposed system achieved a precision of 84% and recall of 87% in counting incoming and outgoing birds. The automated bird counting system was then used to evaluate the performance of the UAS-based bird deterrence system. The results showed that bird activity was more than 300% higher on days with no UAS flights compared to days when the UAS was flown with on-board bird deterrence measures. UAS flights covering the entire experimental plot with auditory deterrence had a better effect than flights with visual deterrence. The results showed the potential for developing an automated bird deterrence system for vineyards and other crops. Extended studies with multi-year, multi-field, and multi-platform experiments are essential to further validate the results. Keywords: Bird deterrence, Fruit crops, Machine vision, Unmanned aerial systems, Vineyards.
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Pauw, Anton. "A Bird's-Eye View of Pollination: Biotic Interactions as Drivers of Adaptation and Community Change." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 50, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 477–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024845.
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Nectarivorous birds and bird-pollinated plants are linked by a network of interactions. Here I ask how these interactions influence evolution and community composition. I find near complete evidence for the effect of birds on plant evolution. Experiments show the process in action—birds select among floral phenotypes in a population—and comparative studies find the resulting pattern—bird-pollinated species have long-tubed, red flowers with large nectar volumes. Speciation is accomplished in one “magical” step when adaptation for bird pollination brings about divergent morphology and reproductive isolation. In contrast, evidence that plants drive bird evolution is fragmentary. Studies of selection on population-level variation are lacking, but the resulting pattern is clear—nectarivorous birds have evolved a remarkable number of times and often have long bills and brush-tipped or tubular tongues. At the level of the ecological guild, birds select among plant species via an effect on seed set and thus determine plant community composition. Plants simultaneously influence the relative fitness of bird species and thus determine the composition of the bird guild. Interaction partners may give one guild member a constant fitness advantage, resulting in competitive exclusion and community change, or may act as limiting resources that depress the fitness of frequent species, thus stabilizing community composition and allowing the coexistence of diversity within bird and plant guilds.
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Nsor, Collins Ayine, and Edward Adzesiwor Obodai. "Environmental Determinants Influencing Seasonal Variations of Bird Diversity and Abundance in Wetlands, Northern Region (Ghana)." International Journal of Zoology 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/548401.
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The study assessed major environmental determinants influencing bird community in six wetlands over a 2-year period. A combination of visual and bird sounding techniques was used to determine the seasonal variations in bird abundance, while ordination techniques were performed to determine the influence of environmental factors on bird assemblage. A total of 1,169 birds from 25 species and 885 individuals from 23 species were identified in the wet and dry season, respectively. The shallow close marshes supported the greatest number of birds (P<0.05) compared to the riparian wetlands. Bird diversity was significantly higher in the wet season than in the dry season (F=4.101,P<0.05). Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) and marsh warbler (Acrocephalus palustris) were the most abundant. Using the IUCN “Red List” database guide, we noted that 96.2% of birds identified were least concern (LC). The yellow weaver bird (Ploceous megarhrynchus) was the only vulnerable species (VU) and represented 3.8%. From the three variables tested, bushfire and farming practices were the major threats and cumulatively explained 15.93% (wet season) and 14.06% (dry season) variations in bird diversity and abundance. These findings will help wetland managers design conservation measures to check current threats on birds from becoming vulnerable in the future.
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Kumar Sharma, Dushyant, and Jitendra Singh Kirar. "STUDIES ON THE RESIDENTIAL STATUS OF BIRDS IN AND AROUND KOTWAL RESERVOIR, MORENA DISTRICT, INDIA." International Journal of Biological Innovations 05, no. 02 (2023): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2023.5202.
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Birds are the biological indicators in an environment since the birds belong to the top level of the food chain in an ecosystem. Ecological changes cause changes in a number of breeding and wintering of bird populations. Bird habitat and many bird species are inseparable and helpful to mankind in various ways and their presence is very essential to restore local biodiversity. The present study on avifauna was carried out around Kotwal reservoir, Morena district of Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 104 species were found belonging to 17 Orders and 40 families. Out of these, 57 (55%) bird species were winter migrants (WM), 5 (5%) summer migrants, and 42 (40%) species were residents. This study will help to evaluate bird density and diversity, species composition, abundance and distribution of birds of Kotwal reservoir.
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Manalu, Damai Y., Elisabeth M. T. Rido, and Wahyu Irawati. "Keunikan Struktur Anatomi dan Morfologi Burung Maleo (Macrochepalon maleo) sebagai Fauna Endemik Indonesia dan Upaya Konservasinya." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 15, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.2980.
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Maleo bird is one of the unique animals of the aves class which is included in endemic animals in Indonesia. The Maleo bird is almost endangered due to predators and irresponsible behavior of local people. One of the conservation efforts carried out by the government is contained in Law No. 5 of 1990 and Government Regulation No. 7 of 1999 concerning the protection or conservation of Maleo birds. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the morphological and physiological characteristics of the Maleo bird (Macrochepalon maleo), the anatomy of the Maleo bird (Macrochepalon maleo), the relationship of the uniqueness of the behavior of the Maleo bird (Macrochepalon maleo) with the morphology, anatomy, and physiology of the Maleo bird, as well as conservation efforts of the Maleo bird (Macrochepalon maleo). The method used is a literature review by reading various books, journals and papers and other publications in accordance with the research topic. The results of research that have been conducted show that the morphology, anatomy, and physiology of the Maleo bird are closely related to the behavior of the Maleo bird. The Maleo bird uses a crest located on its head to detect heat when digging an egg nest. Maleo bird legs equipped with sharp hooves can make Maleo birds able to survive in coastal forests. Maleo birds are monogamous animals, namely animals that are loyal to their partners. The advice that can be given through this literature review is that the community must have awareness to take care of the Maleo bird as a form of accountability for the mandate given by God to humans. Key words: Aves; endemic; conservation; maleo; morphology
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Akçay, Hüseyin Gökhan, Bekir Kabasakal, Duygugül Aksu, Nusret Demir, Melih Öz, and Ali Erdoğan. "Automated Bird Counting with Deep Learning for Regional Bird Distribution Mapping." Animals 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071207.
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A challenging problem in the field of avian ecology is deriving information on bird population movement trends. This necessitates the regular counting of birds which is usually not an easily-achievable task. A promising attempt towards solving the bird counting problem in a more consistent and fast way is to predict the number of birds in different regions from their photos. For this purpose, we exploit the ability of computers to learn from past data through deep learning which has been a leading sub-field of AI for image understanding. Our data source is a collection of on-ground photos taken during our long run of birding activity. We employ several state-of-the-art generic object-detection algorithms to learn to detect birds, each being a member of one of the 38 identified species, in natural scenes. The experiments revealed that computer-aided counting outperformed the manual counting with respect to both accuracy and time. As a real-world application of image-based bird counting, we prepared the spatial bird order distribution and species diversity maps of Turkey by utilizing the geographic information system (GIS) technology. Our results suggested that deep learning can assist humans in bird monitoring activities and increase citizen scientists’ participation in large-scale bird surveys.
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BORUAH, Ichangdaw, Sasitorn HASIN, Ananya POPRADIT, Vanatpornratt SAWASDEE, and SOONTAREE CHEENTAM. "Biodiversity of Birds in Urban Green Space for Support Ecotourism activities in Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University Thailand." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 4 (June 30, 2021): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.4(52).25.
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Bird watching is one of the attractive ecotourism activities for travelers and nature enthusiasts, which rapidly growing in Thailand. This study aims to: (1) explore bird diversity in various green spaces in ValayaAlongkorn Rajabhat University (VRU); and (2) examine which bird species dominates the study areas. Bird data were collected using point count techniques in two sessions; early morning, and late afternoon, at VRU from May 2020 to April 2021. Frequency of occurrence value (FQ) was analyzed for classifying status groups of birds in the VRU. Order Passeriformes was numerically the dominant order in our study area, with 22 species (47.7% of total represented species), while the other bird orders were the least dominant, represented by 1 to 5 species in range. A total of 47 species of birds belonging to 29 Families and 12 Orders were recorded. During this study, significantly, the highest bird richness was recorded in agriculture areas (35 ± 2.3 SD), followed by the species from recreation areas (27 ± 1.8 SD) and natural wetland (17 ± 1.7 SD) (P>0.05). Five migrant bird species and 35 resident species were observed, and 10 bird species were recorded in both the seasonal status as migrant and resident species. Most of the bird species are listed as of least concern, while only one species, Mycteria leucocephala, are listed as near-threatened. Nine bird species are classified as common species in the VRU with > 80 % of frequency of occurrence. The pattern of bird diversity in the VRU in general follows the natural condition of green area space in the VRU. Typical characteristics of birds, their habitat and appearing period can develop bird-watching objects, which become interesting attractions for travelers and nature enthusiasts, promoting ecotourism development and efforts to conserve bird diversity.
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Schieck, Jim, and Samantha J. Song. "Changes in bird communities throughout succession following fire and harvest in boreal forests of western North America: literature review and meta-analyses." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-017.
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Within boreal forests of western North America, the dominant large-scale natural disturbance is wildfire. Thus, harvesting that is as similar as possible to fire is expected to best maintain natural bird communities. We reviewed studies of birds (mainly grouse, woodpeckers, and songbirds) from boreal forests of western North America and conducted meta-analyses to compare the similarity of bird communities occurring postfire versus postharvest. We compared the bird communities at five seral stages and also summarized the effects of retaining large live trees at harvest. Bird communities immediately postharvest differed greatly from those postfire. Differences between disturbance types disappeared as the forest regenerated, and both disturbance types became dominated by relatively few bird species in 31- to 75-year-old forests. During the period 76125 years postdisturbance, old-forest birds became present and bird species richness increased. However, the trajectory of forest succession during this period influenced bird communities; old aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), old mixedwood, and old white spruce (Picea glauca Moench (Voss)) forests all had different bird communities. Retention of large live trees in cutblocks resulted in their use by many old-forest birds, but results were not consistent among studies. Although most bird species had clear peaks in abundance in a specific forest type, no species with more than five detections was limited to a single forest type.
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Hiola, Abdul Samad, and Bachtiar. "KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES BURUNG DI LANSKAP AGROFORESTRI ILENGI." Gorontalo Journal of Forestry Research 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32662/gjfr.v1i1.77.
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Bird Species dependsonlandscape,whichisusedastheir breeding, restingand feeding area. Landscape of Agroforestry Ilengiis mix tree garden like primer forest.Thisstudy is aim togather informationaboutdiversity bird species,including richness, evennessandspeciessimilarity oneachlocationinthestudy.Thisstudy used concentrationmethod. Eightspeciesofbirdsand194 countwerefoundduring3monthsstudy.Thehighestdiversity valuewasfoundin landscape agroforestry ilengi 1,29. Generally bird diversity in all location research include medium level. The richness of species is highest at natural forests with a value 1.70. Evenness of bird species in agroforestry ilengi in the category unstable. The role of local communities for conservation is good enough to understand the habits of birds in agroforestry ilengi, such Local naming each of the birds found 61% of respondents know about the birds in the research sites.
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Leveau, Lucas M., and Juan Kopp. "Bird color and taxonomic diversity are negatively related to human disturbance in urban parks." Web Ecology 24, no. 1 (February 5, 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-24-1-2024.
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Abstract. Recently, studies have shown that highly urbanized areas are numerically dominated by birds with grey plumage, probably favoring camouflage with impervious grey surfaces. However, patterns of bird color diversity in urban green areas remain unexplored. In urban parks, sites surrounded by highly urbanized areas may be dominated by grey bird species, whereas urban parks with pedestrians that feed birds may favor commensal birds which also have grey plumage. Thus, we explore the relationship between environmental variables and bird taxonomic and color diversity in urban parks. Bird surveys were conducted twice by fixed points in urban parks of six cities in central Argentina. Bird color diversity was assessed by characterizing bird plumage coloration in different parts of the bird body and the presence of plumage sexual dimorphism, polymorphism, and iridescence. Then, color richness and color diversity (abundance-based) were calculated with species mean pairwise distance. Null models were used to quantify richness-corrected color diversity. Bird species richness and diversity increased with green-area size, and bird diversity decreased with increasing pedestrian traffic. Color richness decreased with increasing car traffic, whereas color diversity was positively related to green-area size and negatively related to car and pedestrian traffic. Richness-corrected color diversity related negatively to car and pedestrian traffic. The abundance of grey birds increased in parks near the urban centers and related positively to pedestrian and car traffic. The abundance of yellow birds increased in parks near rural areas or small cities. Color diversity increased with green-area size, but richness-corrected color diversity ceased to be related to area size. Therefore, the increase in color diversity with area size was mediated by increases in species richness. Color diversity was clustered in parks with the highest human disturbance, favoring the abundance of grey species which probably took advantage of food discarded by humans.
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Stepanenko, Elena, Yuliya Bezgina, Lubov Maznitsyna, Valeriya Khalikova, and Olga Sharipova. "Biodiversity of ornifauna on the territory of the Chograisky Reserve." BIO Web of Conferences 105 (2024): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410502013.
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The article is devoted to the biodiversity of the ornifauna on the territory of the Chograisky Reserve. It is noted that the reserve is a center of attraction for a large number of waterfowl and, first of all, rare and endangered birds. It is shown that the reserve is geographically isolated and birds tend to water bodies located on the paths of seasonal bird migrations. Information on the biodiversity of bird species is presented. Of the vertebrates found in the Reserve, birds are the most representative in terms of species composition. The total number of bird species registered here is about 90 species. Taking into account biotic links of birds with water bodies, such groups as waterfowl, near-water birds and occasional birds were identified. Depending on the nature of nesting, method of feeding and degree of attachment to a water body in the development cycle, the largest number of species are surface waterfowl and diving species. birds are indicators of environmental conditions. High indicators of species diversity indicate stability and favorability of bird habitat factors on the territory of the Reserve. At present, a fairly stable system of bird communities has been formed in the area.
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Utami, Inggita, and Danni Setyawan. "IDENTIFICATION OF BIRD SOUND AS THE TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING IN GREEN OPEN SPACE." Media Konservasi 28, no. 1 (April 16, 2023): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/medkon.28.1.84-94.
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The presence of a bird community can be used as a bioindicator of environmental quality in suburban areas. Bird identification from sound recording has developed in the last decade. This research aims to analyze the quality of green open space in the suburban area of Sleman Regency based on bird acoustic analysis. Data collection was carried out from November 2020 to March 2021 on river borders and city parks. Bird sound data was carried out using a mobile phone, facilitated by the Arbimon Touch application, in the morning, afternoon, and evening at intervals of five minutes on and ten minutes off for five days. The sound recordings and spectrograms were identified and validated through the database on the xeno-canto website. The identified birds are then used to calculate the Bird Community Index (BCI). The analysis of sound recordings found 29 bird species from 18 families in the sampling location. In addition, four birds were recorded as vulnerable or protected. The Progo River Border is the green open space with the highest species number of birds, but the Kayen river border and the Taman Keanekaragaman Hayati dan Arboretum Bambu have the best environmental quality to the presence of the higher specialist bird. Based on the bird community index, the environmental quality of the GOS in the suburban area of Sleman Regency has a moderate to very low level of environmental quality due to the low presence of specialist birds.
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Wulansari, Atikah, Mochamad Arief Soendjoto, and Suyanto Suyanto. "KERAGAMAN SPESIES BURUNG PADA VEGETASI ALAMI DI KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG LIANG ANGGANG – BLOK I, BANJARBARU, INDONESIA." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 3, no. 5 (November 29, 2020): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v3i5.2530.
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There was no data yet on bird diversity in natural vegetation of Blok I Liang Anggang Protection Forest Area (KHLLA-1) located in Banjarbaru City, Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of diurnal birds in natural vegetation of KHLLA-1. Bird data (species, number of individuals, groupings) were collected through transect method between 06.30-09:00 and 16:00-18:30. for three repetitions or three different days. The status of bird protection was determined based on the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 106 of 2018. The diversity index was counted according to the Shannon Wienner index. Thirty-seven species of birds found. Most (81.08%) are birds categorized as non waterbirds and the rest are waterbirds. Most (91.89%) are unprotected birds and the rest are protected birds. The index of diversity of bird species in natural vegetation in KHLLA-1 was 3.09. However, from this index not many things can be concluded, except the value is smaller than 3.61, when the number of individuals of each species is the same.Keywords: bird, diversity; natural vegetation; protected forest
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GODOI, MAURICIO N., FRANCO L. SOUZA, RUDI R. LAPS, and DANILO B. RIBEIRO. "Composition and structure of bird communities in vegetational gradients of Bodoquena Mountains, western Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 88, no. 1 (March 4, 2016): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620140723.
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ABSTRACT The informations of bird species distribution in different habitats and the structure of their communities are crucial for bird conservation. We tested the differences in composition, richness and abundance of birds in different phytophysiognomies at Bodoquena Mountains, western Brazil, and we demonstrated the variations in richness and abundance of birds between different trophic groups. Sampling was conducted between July 2011 and June 2012 in 200 point counts arranged in the study area. A total of 3350 contacts were obtained belonging to 156 bird species. Woodland savannas, seasonal forests and arboreal savannas had higher bird abundance and richness, while riparian forests, clean pastures and dirty pastures had smaller values of these parameters. The bird community was organized according to local vegetational gradient, with communities of forests, open areas and savannas, although many species occurred in more than one vegetation type. The insectivorous, omnivorous, frugivorous and gramnivorous birds composed most of the community. These data showed how important environmental heterogeneity is to bird communities. Furthermore, the presence of extensive patches of natural habitats, the small distance between these patches and the permeability of pastures, with high arboreal and shrubby cover, are indicated as important factors to maintain the bird diversity.
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Metz, Isabel, Thorsten Mühlhausen, Joost Ellerbroek, Dirk Kügler, Hans van Gasteren, Jan Kraemer, and Jacco Hoekstra. "Simulation Model to Calculate Bird-Aircraft Collisions and Near Misses in the Airport Vicinity." Aerospace 5, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace5040112.
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Annually, thousands of birds collide with aircraft. The impact usually has lethal consequences for the bird, the involved aircraft can experience severe damage. The highest bird strike risk occurs at low altitudes. Therefore, aircraft within the airport area as well as the adjacent approach and departure corridors are especially vulnerable to collisions with birds. To analyse risk-reducing measures in these areas, a fast-time bird strike simulation environment was developed. An open-source Air Traffic Management simulator was enhanced with a model to represent bird movements and to recognize bird strikes. To confirm the reproducibility of the outcome, Monte Carlo simulations were performed. They included bird movement data from one year and air traffic flight plans for various air traffic volumes. The number of strikes and near misses showed an expected variance within the individual replications. The results indicate that the predictability of the number of strikes and near misses increases with rising number of birds, and rising air traffic intensity. Thus, by considering simulation scenarios including bird movement information from all seasons and a sufficient air traffic volume, the described set-up leads to stable results.
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Sheldon, Kimberly S., and Nalini M. Nadkarni. "The use of pasture trees by birds in a tropical montane landscape in Monteverde, Costa Rica." Journal of Tropical Ecology 29, no. 5 (September 2013): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467413000503.
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Abstract:Conversion of forests to agricultural land may require many bird species to use resources in fragmented landscapes in order to persist. Pasture trees can make agricultural landscapes more hospitable for birds, but we do not know what factors promote bird visitation to pasture trees. Bird use of 26 focal trees of a common pasture species, Sapium glandulosum (Euphorbiaceae), was examined in three pastures in a montane landscape in Costa Rica to understand factors influencing bird visitation. Bird visits were analysed in relation to pasture tree size, distance from forest edge, degree of isolation and epiphyte load. Foraging resources (epiphyte or tree substrate) were also measured. From May–July 2012, 52 bird species from 20 families were recorded from 926 unique visits. Bird visitation was best explained by tree size, degree of isolation and epiphyte load such that larger, more isolated trees with higher epiphyte loads attracted more birds. Birds preferred food resources from focal trees (51% of visits) rather than their epiphytes (5% of visits). The results corroborate previous findings that mature pasture trees, even when isolated, may contribute more to species persistence than smaller trees.
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Prihatini, Juliati, Sidik Permana, Johan Iskandar, and Salma Rizkya Kinasih. "Local knowledge on bird species and socio-economic cultural and ecology functions of birds and their various disturbances in the rural ecosystem of the Cisokan watershed, West Java." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 13, no. 3 (September 4, 2023): 372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.13.3.372-385.
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Actually in the past, rural people of West Java had in-depth local knowledge on various species of birds. Nowadays, the local people's knowledge on the bird species is being eroded due to the erosion of the local language and the bird population decreasing in the village ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the knowledge of bird species, and the socio-economic, cultural, and ecological functions, and various disturbances to bird populations. The research was conducted in Bojongsalam and Sukaresmi Village, Rongga Sib-District, West Bandung, Cisokan Watershed, West Java. The method used in this study was a qualitative method, some techniques, including observation, participatory observation, and deep interview with informants were employed in this study to collect the primary data. The results showed that based on the local knowledge of the rural people, 74 species of birds were documented. The birds are classified by rural people based on body size, body feather color, type of habitat, and bird behavior. Bird species have an important role for socio-economic, cultural and ecological functions. Disturbance to bird populations, among others, due to the construction of the Cisokan hydropower project.
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Sanitjan, Sawat, and Jin Chen. "Habitat and fig characteristics influence the bird assemblage and network properties of fig trees from Xishuangbanna, South-West China." Journal of Tropical Ecology 25, no. 2 (March 2009): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409005847.
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Abstract:To understand how fruit tree characteristics and microhabitats shape the assemblage of birds on fig trees and the pattern of fig–bird interactions, we observed and recorded, over 96 d and 816 h, the frugivorous birds visiting 32 individual trees belonging to 14 species of Ficus that were distributed across four different sites. A total of 30 bird species were recorded as eating figs, comprising 66.7% of the total number of frugivorous bird species recorded at the four sites. Small passerine birds such as bulbuls were the dominant frugivores for fig species. The number of bird species visiting different fig trees was significantly influenced by the crop size and canopy volume. Fruit colour and fruit size did not significantly influence the number of bird species, whereas habitats appeared to influence the composition of visiting birds. The fig–frugivorous bird interaction was asymmetrically structured, and the degree of nestedness appeared to be influenced by the forest type and degree of disturbance: the degree of nestedness in non-limestone forest tended to be higher than limestone forest; forest with less disturbance tend to be more nested compared with the open forest with high disturbance.
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N, Satheesh, K. Baranidharan, S. Krishnamoorthi, M. Vijayabhama, and S. Mugilan. "Diversity and Abundance of Wetland Birds in Udayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary, Tiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu, India." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology 23, no. 6 (May 4, 2024): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i6557.
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Wetland birds are integral components of wetland ecosystems, providing ecological, economic, cultural, and regulatory benefits. The study conducted from 2021 to 2024 in the Udayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary of Tiruvarur district aimed to assess year-wise species diversity, richness, relative diversity, evenness, density, and relative abundance of wetland birds employing the total count method to estimate the population of wetland birds. A total of 104 bird species belonging 18 orders and 49 families were recorded. During this study, 17 species were migrant, while the remaining 87 birds were resident. Three bird species were classified as Near Threatened, including the Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanosephalus), and Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster). Additionally, two bird species were classified as Vulnerable, namely the Greater Spotted Eagle (Clanga clanga) and River Tern (Sterna hirundo), while 99 bird species were classified as Least Concern. Regarding species diversity in the Udayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary during different years, the highest species diversity was recorded in 2021 (2.75), while the lowest species diversity was observed in 2024 (1.64). In terms of species richness, the maximum richness was observed in 2023 (68), whereas the minimum species richness was recorded in 2022 (29).
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Utami, Retno Nur, Siti Nurul Rofiqo Irwan, Ahmad Sawardi, and Alia Bihrajihant Raya. "Daya Tarik Keanekaragaman Burung di Jalur Hijau Jalan Kota Yogyakarta." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 26, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.2.267.
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Urban greenery plays an important role in providing a biodiversity habitat of vegetation and birds as biotics in the urban ecosystem. The biodiversity can show attractions in Yogyakarta city as a tourism destination in Indonesia. This research was conducted on three types of roads of the secondary artery (SA), secondary collector (SC), and local (L). The bird diversity depended on tree greenery as its habitat and food source. This research aimed (1) to analyze bird diversity on the roadside greenery in Yogyakarta City, and (1) to reveal the attraction of birds on the urban greenery as a tourism attraction. The sample units were selected by the method of stratified random sampling. The bird observation was used by the method of transect line conducted on the three categories of roads in Yogyakarta City. The bird diversity was analyzed by Shannon-Wiener's (H') index diversity, and bird activity was descriptively analyzed. The number of birds found in the greenery was 685 belong to 12 species. The diversity indexes (H') of the birds on the roads of the secondary artery (SA), secondary collector (SC), and local (L) categories were 0.697 (low), 1.001 (medium), and 1.246 (medium). The index shows the equal quality of the bird attractions in the city. The low-medium of index value should be improved to reach a high H'. The improvement should be carried out by landscape planning for urban tourism through planting food source trees or habitat trees for birds on the urban greenery of Yogyakarta. The strength of the urban attraction of birds was also supported by species diversity, conservation status, bird activity, habitat trees, and the ecological function of urban trees on the roadside greenery of Yogyakarta city.
Keywords: bird diversity, roadside greenery, urban attraction, urban greenery, Yogyakarta
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Inskipp, Carol, Hem Sagar Baral, Tim Inskipp, Ambika Prasad Khatiwada, Monsoon Pokharel Khatiwada, Laxman Prasad Poudyal, and Rajan Amin. "Nepal’s National Red List of Birds." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 9700. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2855.9.1.9700-9722.
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The main objectives of the Nepal National Bird Red Data Book were to provide comprehensive and up-to-date accounts of all the bird species found in Nepal, assess their status applying the IUCN Guidelines at Regional Levels, identify threats to all bird species and recommend the most practical measures for their conservation. It is hoped that the Bird RDB will help Nepal achieve the Convention on Biological Diversity target of preventing the extinction of known threatened species and improving their conservation status. As population changes of Nepal’s birds have been studied for only a few species, assessments of species’ national status were mainly made by assessing changes in distribution. Species distribution maps were produced for all of Nepal’s bird species except vagrants and compared to maps that were produced in 1991 using the same mapping system. Of the 878 bird species recorded, 168 species (19%) were assessed as nationally threatened. These comprise 68 (40%) Critically Endangered species, 38 (23%) Endangered species and 62 (37%) Vulnerable species. A total of 62 species was considered Near Threatened and 22 species Data Deficient. Over 55% of the threatened birds are lowland grassland specialists, 25% are wetland birds and 24% tropical and sub-tropical broadleaved forest birds. Larger birds appear to be more threatened than smaller birds with 98 (25%) non-passerine species threatened and 67 (14%) passerine species. Habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation are the most important threats. Other threats include chemical poisoning, over-exploitation, climate change, hydropower, invasive species, intensification of agriculture, disturbance, and limited conservation measures and research. Measures to address these threats are described. It was also concluded that re-assessments of the status of certain bird groups carried out every five years and the setting up of a national online system for storing and reporting bird sightings would be useful.
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Coppola, Alessandra. "Aristophanes, Birds 65: the Libyan Bird." Classical Quarterly 49, no. 2 (December 1999): 622–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/49.2.622.
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Euelpides and Peisthetaerus have just left Athens, looking for a better place to settle. Frightened by the arrival of Tereus' servant, they introduce themselves as birds. Peisthetaerus says that he is ‘Fearfowl, a Libyan bird’: