Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bird manure

Academic literature on the topic 'Bird manure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bird manure"

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Klius, V. P., and N. A. Maslova. "THERMAL UTILIZATION OF BIRD MANURE FOR FERTILIZERS." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 4-6 (January 1, 2017): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2017.04-06.099-102.

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Frolov, Dmitrii, Anatoliy Kurochkin, and Maksim Potapov. "MANURE EXTRUSION FROM HIGH-MOISTURE POULTRY WASTE." Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 6, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/44166.

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The purpose of the research is the reduction of high-moisture poultry waste to a condition effective for high-quality manure extrusion. The idea of extrusion technology use for poultry waste is considered. Bird dropping is effective raw material to be used as organic fertilizer, containing elements necessary for plant nutrition. Before entering the soil, the waste requires processing. The working ability of a single-screw extruder is limited by moisture of the pro-cessed raw materials (15...30%). High-moisture poultry waste is poorly homogenized and does not provide an ef-fective porous structure of processed components at the exit from the extruder die. An effective design and techno-logical scheme of an extruder for wet poultry waste processing is proposed, involving mixing it with various fillers and drying it for extrusion to obtain a manure of the required quality. The main goal of the study is the limitation of liquid content in high-moisture poultry waste with fillers to a condition that ensures the production of effective organ-ic manure. The litter components or plant waste are selected as bulkier material. To ensure an effective work of the extruder in terms of its energy saving ability, the moisture content of the vegetative bulkier material should amount to 5...15%. Pre-grinding of bulkier material is to be provided for achieving the required particle size of the filler re-sulting in better moisture absorption. The development of the manure composition for energy saving technology was based on the selection of a effective ratio of the components to be mixed. As a result of the evaluation of the moisture content in mixture components, it was concluded that the bird dropping with litter is the least wet and can be processed using the proposed extruder without adding filler; bird dropping of young and adult birds are subject to extrusion, provided that they are mixed with vegetative bulkier material in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:2, respectively.
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El-Dakar, Marco A., Remondah R. Ramzy, Martin Plath, and Hong Ji. "Evaluating the impact of bird manure vs. mammal manure on Hermetia illucens larvae." Journal of Cleaner Production 278 (January 2021): 123570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123570.

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Wiedemann, S. G., F. A. Phillips, T. A. Naylor, E. J. McGahan, O. B. Keane, B. R. Warren, and C. M. Murphy. "Nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane from Australian meat chicken houses measured under commercial operating conditions and with mitigation strategies applied." Animal Production Science 56, no. 9 (2016): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15561.

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Greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia emissions are important environmental impacts from meat chicken houses. This study measured ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) in two trials from paired, commercial meat chicken houses using standard (control) and mitigation strategies. In Trial 1, emissions from houses with standard litter depth of 47 mm (LD47) or increased litter depth of 67 mm (LD67) were compared. When standardised to a 42-day-old bird, emissions were 11.9 g NH3/bird, 0.30 g N2O/bird and 0.16 g CH4/bird from the LD47 and 11.7 g NH3/bird, 0.69 g N2O/bird and 0.12 g CH4/bird from the LD67. Emissions per kilogram of manure N were 0.14 and 0.11 for NH3-N, 0.003 and 0.005 N2O-N and CH4 conversion factors were 0.08% and 0.05%. Total direct and indirect GHG emissions reported in carbon dioxide equivalents were found to be higher in LD67 in response to the elevated direct N2O emissions. Trial 2 compared the impact of reduced crude protein (CP19.8) and a standard diet (CP21.3) developed using least-cost ration formulation, on emissions. Emissions per bird for the CP19.8 diet were 7.7 g NH3/bird, 0.39 g N2O/bird and 0.14 g CH4/bird, while emissions from birds fed the CP21.3 diet were 10.6 g NH3/bird, 0.42 g N2O/bird and 0.19 g CH4/bird. Significant differences were observed only in the NH3 results, where emissions were reduced by 27% for the low-CP diet. Because of the low emission levels, total mitigation potential from indirect GHG emissions was relatively small in Trial 2, corresponding to 11 t carbon dioxide equivalents/year per million birds.
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Sergeeva, Alexandra, and Gulshat Gasimova. "Prospects for application of organic fertilizer from bird litter." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700107.

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Currently, the most effective way to dispose of bird droppings is to process it into organic fertilizer. The processed litter contains the basic micro and macro elements and amino acids in an easily accessible form for plants. Fertilizer from recycled litter is environmentally friendly and effective in neutralizing pathogenic microflora, larvae and helminth eggs, as well as weed seeds. In this work, we studied the modes of processing chicken manure at the Ark plant, the chemical composition of bird manure and organic fertilizer from it obtained in different ways. The effect of various doses of powder on seed germination, plant growth and development was assessed. It is shown that processing of bird droppings into powder increases the content of available macrocells for plants by two times, and also contributes to their longer preservation in organic fertilizer. The study indicates that pre-sowing soil treatment with powder in the optimal dose increases the germination rate of plants by 75 % compared with the control group.
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Sannikova, N., O. Shulepova, A. Bocharova, N. Kostomakhin, O. Ilyasov, and O. Kovaleva. "Natural reserves of diatomite are as a component of organomineral fertilizers based on chicken manure." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/3/032093.

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Abstract In Russia 45156.3 tons of waste were generated from agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming according to statistics for 2020. 1200 tons of manure are formed per day in Tyumen region. The volume of accumulation of such manure is 432,000 tons per year. But at the same time, manure is a source of greenhouse gases, their amount can be: CO2 – 21.5 million м3, methane – 12.9 million м3 per year. Due to its unique chemical and biological properties, diatomite is widely used in many areas of agriculture. It can be used as an excellent adsorbent, fertilizer, food additive for animals and birds, an environmentally friendly contact insecticide for pest control of grain, fruit and ornamental plants. To restore the lost fertility (0.6% per year (2032.2 hectares), it is necessary to carry out soil protection measures, as well as to add mineral and organic fertilizers to the soil (11.7 million tons of organic fertilizers annually for 15 years). The availability of a large amount of mineral resources and bird manure makes it possible for researchers to develop the composition and technologies to create organomineral fertilizers.
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Spiridonov, A. B., K. V. Anisimova, N. G. Glavatskikh, and O. B. Porobova. "Using the electrohydraulic impact method to obtain manure fertilizers." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 949, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/949/1/012138.

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Abstract Currently, animal husbandry and poultry farming waste, cattle and pig manure, bird droppings are prohibited to be exported to the fields and used as fertilizer without pretreatment. The standard disinfection process is reduced to composting, which takes 3-12 months. A promising direction of intensification of animal waste processing is the creation of a specially formed pulsed high-voltage electric discharge inside the liquid volume. Under the influence of which the microbial flora – bacteria and fungi - intensively dies. Specialists of the SPA “Spiral” have developed a pilot plant for manure treatment. The test results showed that coliform and Enterobacteria, including dysentery bacillus, were completely destroyed after processing a sample of cattle manure by the EGI method.
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Chu, Lei, Yongcui Wang, Bin Huang, Jian Ma, and Xin Chen. "Dissipation Dynamics of Doxycycline and Gatifloxacin and Accumulation of Heavy Metals during Broiler Manure Aerobic Composting." Molecules 26, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 5225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175225.

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In this study, broilers were fed with heavy-metal-containing diets (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, As, Hg) at three rates (T1: 5 kg premix/ton feed, T2: 10 kg premix/ton feed and T3: 15 kg premix/ton feed) and Doxycycline (DOX) and Gatifloxacin (GAT) at low or high doses (T4: 31.2 mg DOX/bird/day and 78 mg GAT/bird/day, T5: 15.6 mg DOX/bird/day and 48 mg GAT/bird/day) to assess the accumulation of various heavy metals and the fate of two antibiotics in broiler manure after 35 days of aerobic composting. The results indicated that the two antibiotics changed quite differently during aerobic composting. About 14.96–15.84% of Doxycycline still remained at the end of composting, while Gatifloxacin was almost completely removed within 10 days of composting. The half-lives of Doxycycline were 13.75 and 15.86 days, while the half-lives of Gatifloxacin were only 1.32 and 1.38 days. Based on the Redundancy analysis (RDA), the concentration of antibiotics was significantly influenced by physico-chemical properties (mainly temperature and pH) throughout the composting process. Throughout the composting process, all heavy metal elements remained concentrated in organic fertilizer. In this study the Cr content reached 160.16 mg/kg, 223.98 mg/kg and 248.02 mg/kg with increasing premix feed rates, similar to Zn, which reached 258.2 mg/kg, 312.21 mg/kg and 333.68 mg/kg. Zn and Cr concentrations well exceeded the United States and the European soil requirements. This experiment showed that antibiotic residues and the accumulation of heavy metals may lead to soil contamination and pose a risk to the soil ecosystem.
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Knight, Reyna M., Xinjie Tong, Lingying Zhao, Roderick B. Manuzon, Matthew J. Darr, Albert J. Heber, and Ji-Qin Ni. "Particulate Matter Concentrations and Emission Rates at Two Retrofitted Manure-Belt Layer Houses." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 3 (2021): 829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14337.

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HighlightsAnnual average PM10 (daily) and PM2.5 (hourly) concentrations of 509 ±203 and 43.3 ±36.1 µg m-3, respectively.Significant seasonal and diurnal variations in PM concentrations; higher in colder seasons and during daytime.Annual average PM10 (daily) and PM2.5 (hourly) emission rates of 17.9 ±9.6 and 1.41 ±1.53 mg d-1 hen-1, respectively.Significant diurnal variations in PM emission rates but inconsistent seasonal variations; higher during daytime.Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) concentration and emission rate information is needed to assess air quality concerns and environmental impacts related to egg production. Many egg layer buildings were retrofitted from high-rise to manure-belt houses over the past few decades. However, no studies have reported these PM data for the retrofitted layer houses. In this study, concentrations and emission rates of PM10 and PM2.5 were continuously monitored for 12 months at two commercial retrofitted manure-belt layer houses in the Midwestern U.S. The average daily mean PM10 and average hourly mean PM2.5 concentrations in the houses were 509 ±203 µg m-3 and 43.3 ±36.1 µg m-3, respectively. Significant seasonal and diurnal variations in PM concentrations were observed, with higher concentrations in colder seasons and during daytime. The average daily mean PM10 and average hourly mean PM2.5 emission rates from the two houses were 17.9 ±9.6 mg d-1 hen-1 and 1.41 ±1.53 mg d-1 hen-1, respectively. There were no consistent patterns in seasonal variations. Significant diurnal variations were also observed for PM emission rates, with higher PM emission rates observed during daytime. The PM concentrations were significantly correlated with ambient temperature, ventilation rate, bird age, egg production, daily mortality, and feed conversion ratio, while PM emission rates were significantly correlated with ambient temperature, bird age, bird mass, egg mass, and ventilation rate. Keywords: Diurnal variation, Dust, Egg production, PM, Poultry, Seasonal variation.
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Marques Tavares da Silva, Cláudio, and Rita de Cássia Lima Mazzuchelli. "CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO DE NEMATOIDES UTILIZANDO MINHOCAS." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 14, Especial (October 10, 2018): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2018.v14.nesp.000259.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using Lumbricus rubellus to control Meloidogyne incognita in Lactuca sativa roots. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Soil Microbiology from the university Universidade do Oeste Paulista. We evaluated the worm species Lumbricus rubellus together with nematodes of the species Meloidogyne incognita and used fertilization with organic manure (cow and bird). For testing, we used Lactuca sativa, and the study was done using soil for growing vegetables in three-litter pots inside a greenhouse where relative humidity and temperature were monitored. After 45 days, the pots were removed and analysed. Analysis showed that, in comparison to the other situations analysed, the combination of bird manure with the worms resulted in a lower count of nematodes in the roots and better development of the plants. Therefore, there is a possibility these worms are effective in the biological control of nematodes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bird manure"

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Захарчук, Аліна Павлівна. "Технологія виробництва біогазу з післяспиртової барди." Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2021. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/42938.

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Пояснювальна записка: 77 с., 2 рис., 8 табл., 66 посилань. У роботі розроблено проєкт метанового зброджування післяспиртової барди та пташиного посліду. Надано характеристику післяспиртовій барді як сировині для виробництва біогазу. Обгрунтовано необхідність використаня косубстрату. У якості косубстрату було обрано пташиний послід у співвідношенні до ПСБ 0,18:1 за сухою речовиною. Охарактеризовано біологічні агенти процесу зброджування та описано кінцевий продукт. Обрано та обгрунтовано двостадійну технологію зброджування післяспиртової барди, що відбувається в окремих реакторах. Зброджена сировина розділяється на тверду та рідку фракції. Тверда фракція використовується як добриво. Рідка фракція спочатку упарюється, потім використовується як добриво. Виконано основні технологічні розрахунки процесу отримання біогазу та складено матеріальний баланс. Розроблено та описано технологічну та апаратурну схеми виробництва, вказано точки та параметри контролю. На основі рорахунків обрано та запроектовано метантенк для другої стадії зброджування післяспиртової барди об’ємом 1000 м3, який працює в безперервнму режимі та задовольняє вимоги технології, у кількості 4 шт. Наведено основні вимоги охорони праці та навколишнього середовища при отриманні біогазу.
The explanatory note: 77 pages, 2 figures, 8 tables, 66 references. The project of methane fermentation of distillery spant wash and poultry manure is developed in the work. The characterization of distillery spant wash as a raw material for biogas production is given. The necessity of a cosubstrate is substantiated. As a cosubstrate was selected poultry manure in the ratio to distillery spant wash 0.18: 1 by dry matter. The biological agents of the fermentation process are described and the final product is described. The two-stage technology of distillery spant wash fermentation, which takes place in separate reactors, is selected and substantiated. Fermented raw materials are divided into solid and liquid fractions. The solid fraction is used as fertilizer. The liquid fraction is first evaporated, then used as fertilizer. The main technological calculations of the biogas production process are performed and the material balance is made. Technological and hardware schemes of production are developed and described, points and parameters of control are specified. A methane tank for second stage of fermentation of distillery spant wash has been designed, which satisfies the requirements of the technology. The methane tank was selected as a continuous flow type, with a volume of 1000 m3 in the amount of 4 reactors. Calculations of technological parameters of the process were made and drawings of the technological scheme, equipment scheme and methane tank were developed. The main requirements of labor and environmental protection in obtaining biogas are given.
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Birr, Thomas [Verfasser], Manfred H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner, Roger [Akademischer Betreuer] Weinlein, Walter [Gutachter] Reimers, Manfred H. [Gutachter] Wagner, and Roger [Gutachter] Weinlein. "Verarbeitung von langglasfaserverstärkten Thermoplasten für Spritzgussanwendungen auf dem Planetwalzenextruder / Thomas Birr ; Gutachter: Walter Reimers, Manfred H. Wagner, Roger Weinlein ; Manfred H. Wagner, Roger Weinlein." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156186633/34.

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Biro, Turk Khalid Guma Verfasser], Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Buchroithner, Franz [Akademischer Betreuer] [Makeschin, and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Hochschild. "Geovisualisation of Multi-Temporal Satellite Data for Landuse/Landcover Change Analysis and its Impacts on Soil Properties in Gadarif Region, Sudan / Khalid Guma Biro Turk. Gutachter: Manfred Buchroithner ; Volker Hochschild ; Franz Makeschin. Betreuer: Manfred Buchroithner ; Franz Makeschin." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1068442387/34.

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Krabichler, Quirin Verfasser], Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Luksch, Mario [Gutachter] Wullimann, Manfred [Gutachter] [Gahr, and Harald [Gutachter] Luksch. "The Visual System of Palaeognathous Birds: The Case of the Chilean Tinamou (Nothoprocta perdicaria) / Quirin Krabichler ; Gutachter: Mario Wullimann, Manfred Gahr, Harald Luksch ; Betreuer: Harald Luksch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1153122316/34.

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Lerchen, Veronika [Verfasser], Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] Hueber, Axel [Gutachter] Hueber, and Bernhard [Gutachter] Manger. "Auswirkungen des Anti-Interleukin-17A-Antikörpers Secukinumab auf das klinische Bild und die Lebensqualität von Patienten mit Psoriasis und Psoriasis-Arthritis / Veronika Lerchen ; Gutachter: Axel Hueber, Bernhard Manger ; Betreuer: Axel Hueber." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239419155/34.

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Books on the topic "Bird manure"

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Glahn, James F. A science-based initiative to manage double-crested cormorant damage to southern aquaculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 2000.

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Glahn, James F. A science-based initiative to manage double-crested cormorant damage to southern aquaculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 2000.

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Glahn, James F. A science-based initiative to manage double-crested cormorant damage to southern aquaculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 2000.

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Glahn, James F. A science-based initiative to manage double-crested cormorant damage to southern aquaculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 2000.

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Biological anomalies--birds: A catalog of biological anomalies. Glen Arm, MD: Sourcebook Project, 1998.

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John, Farrand, Udvardy, Miklos D. F., 1919-, and National Audubon Society, eds. National Audubon Society field guide to North American birds. New York: Knopf, 1994.

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Ehrlich, Paul R. The birder's handbook: A field guide to the natural history of North American birds : including all species that regularly breed north of Mexico. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988.

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Bezzel, Einhard. Guía de Aves: Paseriformes. 3rd ed. Madrid, España: Pirámide, 1989.

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E, Orosz Susan, ed. Manual of avian medicine. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby, 2000.

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The great shoots: Britain's premier sporting estates. Newton Abbot [England]: David & Charles, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bird manure"

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Becker, Michael A., and Steven M. Donn. "VIP Bird Gold Ventilator." In Manual of Neonatal Respiratory Care, 341–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2155-9_39.

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Donn, Steven M. "VIP BIRD Gold Ventilator." In Manual of Neonatal Respiratory Care, 353–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39839-6_45.

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Enns, Richard H., and George McGuire. "Relaxation Oscillations: Drinking Bird." In Laboratory Manual for Nonlinear Physics with Maple for Scientists and Engineers, 71–73. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2438-9_14.

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Berridge, Clara. "Selling Passive Monitoring to Manage Risk in Independent Living: Frontline Workers in a Bind." In Law, Governance and Technology Series, 73–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48342-9_5.

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Crosby, Sara. "The Black and White." In When Birds Are Near, 68–80. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750915.003.0009.

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This chapter recounts how the author found a dead black-and-white warbler many years ago. It details the author's first visit to a taxidermy studio. Even though the idea of having the warbler mounted and displayed on the author's mantle was irresistible, they knew it was also illegal. In 1918, Congress passed the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act, or the MBTA. The MBTA saved hundreds of species from the destruction, and sometimes extinction, brought on by the effects of commercial bird trade. It essentially bans any human contact with migratory birds. One may not kill, capture, or pursue them; one may not collect their eggs or nests or even their feathers; and one may not pick them up if they are dead. Taxidermists know all this, and so — with the exception of the permitted, but regulated game birds from hunting — they will not get near a migratory bird. The author then joined a team of local Audubon Society volunteers in order to get a salvage permit, which lets people temporarily possess a migratory bird.
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Jones, Richard. "The sick bird." In BSAVA Manual of Avian Practice, 334–38. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22233/9781910443323.23.

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Wüst, Elisa, and Michael Lierz. "The thin bird." In BSAVA Manual of Avian Practice, 377–88. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22233/9781910443323.28.

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Becker, Michael A., and Steven M. Donn. "Bird VIP Gold Ventilator." In Manual of Neonatal Respiratory Care, 249–55. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-032303176-9.50041-6.

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Tully,, Thomas N. "Vomiting and regurgitating bird." In BSAVA Manual of Avian Practice, 366–76. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22233/9781910443323.27.

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Monks, Deborah. "The sick baby bird." In BSAVA Manual of Avian Practice, 409–17. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22233/9781910443323.31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bird manure"

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Issac, K. Kurien, and Sunil K. Agrawal. "An Investigation Into the Use of Springs and Wing Motions to Minimize the Power Expended by a Mechanical Pigeon for Steady Flight." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85288.

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In this paper, we investigate the effect of using springs and wing motions to minimize the power required by a mechanical bird to fly. Inertia forces as well as aerodynamic forces on the wing are included. The design takes into account different flight speeds in the range from 0 to 20 m/s. Two ways in which springs can be attached, are considered. The frequency of wing beat is kept fixed and both flapping and feathering are assumed to be simple harmonic. Constraints are imposed on the maximum power expended by the two actuators of a wing. The results show that introduction of springs increases the power required at lower speeds, marginally reducing the power at higher speeds. In the manner in which they are used here, springs do not appear to be useful to reduce power. However, the optimal solutions obtained without springs indicate that it is possible to develop pigeon like mechanical birds which can hover and fly steadily up to 20 m/s.
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Sathe, Neha P., and A. S. Hiwale. "Fitness mantra: Theme for health analysis in rehabilitation process." In 2017 International Conference on Big Data, IoT and Data Science (BID). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bid.2017.8336585.

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Howard, Samuel A., Jeremiah T. Hammer, Kelly S. Carney, and J. Michael Pereira. "Jet Engine Bird Ingestion Simulations: Comparison of Rotating to Non-Rotating Fan Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95998.

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Bird strike events in commercial airliners are a fairly common occurrence. According to data collected by the US Department of Agriculture, over 80,000 bird strikes were reported in the period 1990–2007 in the US alone [1]. As a result, bird ingestion is an important factor in aero engine design and FAA certification. When it comes to bird impacts on engine fan blades, the FAA requires full-scale bird ingestion tests on an engine running at full speed to pass certification requirements. These rotating tests are complex and very expensive. To reduce development costs associated with new materials for fan blades, it is desirable to develop more cost effective testing procedures than full-scale rotating engine tests for material evaluation. An impact test on a non-rotating single blade that captures most of the salient physics of the rotating test would go a long way towards enabling large numbers of evaluative material screening tests. NASA Glenn Research Center has been working to identify a static blade test procedure that would be effective at reproducing similar results as seen in rotating tests. The current effort compares analytical simulations of a bird strike on various non-rotating blades to a bird strike simulation on a rotating blade as a baseline case. Several different concepts for simulating the rotating loads on a non-rotating blade were analyzed with little success in duplicating the deformation results seen in the rotating case. The rotating blade behaves as if it were stiffer than the non-rotating blade resulting in less plastic deformation from a given bird impact. The key factor limiting the success of the non-rotating blade simulations is thought to be the effect of gyroscopics. Prior to this effort, it was anticipated the difficulty would be in matching the pre-stress in the blade due to centrifugal forces Additional work is needed to verify this assertion, and to determine if a static test procedure can simulate the gyroscopic effects in a suitable manner. This paper describes the various non-rotating concepts analyzed, and demonstrates the effect believed to be gyroscopic in nature on the results.
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Nart, Cagri, Oktay Yilmaz, and Kadir Kirkkopru. "The Effects of Operating Conditions on the Design of Radial Spiral Mandrel Dies." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65241.

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Coextrusion heads are widely used to produce multi-layered products such as pipes and vessels in plastics industry. Spiral mandrel dies which are used in coextrusion heads provide good thickness uniformity with a broad range of processing parameters (raw material, throughput, temperature), short residence times (material or colour changes), low pressure drop and good thermal control. In the present study, the effects of operating conditions such as production rate and temperature on the pressure drop through the spiral mandrel die and the occurence of melt fracture are investigated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The temperature dependent viscosity versus shear rate data for grade QB79P (CarmelTech) polypropylene (PP) melt under study are measured by use of an Anton-Paar Physica MCR 301 model rotational rheometer with a 25 mm diameter parallel plate geometry and a capillary rheometer using capillary dies of various lengths with 1 mm diameter hole [11]. The numerical simulations are performed by use of Ansys Fluent, a commercial software [12]. Stress terms in the momentum equations are modeled by Generalized Newtonian Fluid (GNF) Model. For this, Bird-Carreau Model employed as the viscosity model for the polymer melt. In order to avoid exceeding the critical shear stress which causes melt fracture and the value of which is dependent on the processing material, the operating temperature may need to be increased to reduce the viscosity or the flow rate to be decreased. In this case, operating cost increases as a result of energy consumption for heating and the production rate decreases, respectively. Hence, designing of flow channels of the spiral mandrel die by taking into consideration of material property (melt fracture) and extruder limitation (maximum pressure to be supplied) is of critical importance for extrusion with desired production rate at a specific processing temperature.
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Uçak, Olcay. "KÜLTÜRLERARASI İLETİŞİMDE TEK KÜLTÜRE DOĞRU: DİJİTAL KÜLTÜR." In COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/ctc.2021/ctc21.024.

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Bilgi, sanat, ahlâk, gelenekler, beceri ve alışkanlıkları kapsayan kültür çok yönlü, karmaşık bir süreçtir. Tylor’un bu bakış açısından yola çıkarak, kültürün toplumdaki insan, onun öğrenme biçimleri ve bu öğrenme biçimleriyle meydana getirdiği teknik ya da sanat ürünleri, bir başka ifadeyle içerik olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Antropolojide kültür kavramı sosyal sistemin bir öğesi olarak düşünüldüğünde sosyal ve kültürel alanların birleşerek sosyo-kültürel sistemi oluşturduğu savunulmaktadır. Kültürü sosyo-kültürel sistem içinde ele alan yaklaşımlar olan işlevselcilik (Malinowski), yapısal-işlevselcilik (Radliffe-Brown), tarihsel -yayılmacı (Kluckhohn, Krober, çevresel uyumcu (White) yaklaşımlar ile kültürü bir düşünce sistemi olarak ele alan yaklaşımlar ise bilişsel (Goodenough), yapısal (Levi Strauss) ve sembolik (Geertz) yaklaşımlardır. Toplumlara özel kültürleri değerlendiren bu yaklaşımların yanında bir başka tanımlama da öğrenme zamanına göre yapılmıştır: Margeret Mead, Cofigurative (Birlikte Oluşan Kültür). Günümüz toplumlarını kültürel açıdan değerlendirmek için yakınsak (convergent) teknolojilerin (mobil, bulut teknolojisi, robotlar, sanal gerçeklik) etkisiyle Cofigurative özellikler gösteren yeni bir kültürü gözlemliyoruz: Dijital Kültür. Bu çalışma, kültürlerarası iletişimde farklı kültürleri açıklayan kuramsal yaklaşımlardan (Hofstede’in Değer Boyutları ve Cofigurative -Birlikte Oluşan Kültür) sonra gözlemlenen ve Covid19 pandemi sürecinde hızlanan Manuel Castells’in ağ toplumu olarak ifade ettiği, başka bir ifadeyle ortak iletişim kültürünün- dijital kültürün, özelliklerini tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ortak kültür özellikleri kültürlerarası iletişimi etkisi altına almaya başlayan dijital içerikler üzerinde yapılacak göstergebilim ve metin analizi yöntemleriyle araştırılacak, kültürlerarası iletişim kuramları iletişim ekolojisi karşılaştırması yapılacak, elde edilecek görsel ve yazılı bulgular ile toplumun kültürel özelliklerindeki değişim sorgulanacaktır.
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Thomas, Wendy E., Evgeni V. Sokurenko, and Viola Vogel. "How Bacteria Bind More Strongly Under Mechanical Force: The Catch-Bond FimH." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43680.

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We study a protein that responds to mechanical force in most striking manner. We demonstrate that Escherichia coli bacteria need shear stress to bind to certain tissues and model surfaces; they bind strongest precisely when the body tries to wash them off. We have determined that the protein responsible for this behavior is FimH, a ubiquitous adhesion protein in intestinal bacteria that mediates adhesion to host cells via the carbohydrate mannose. Although mechanical force noramlly decreases bond lifetimes, we have shown that the bond betweeen FimH and simple mono-mannose receptors is s “catch-bond” that lasts longer under shear stress. In contrast, structural variations in either FimH or the receptor cause a stronger mode of adhesion in static conditions with little or no activation under force. We derive a structural for how mechanical force switches FimH to a strong binding mode by using steered molecular dynamics simulations, and validate the predictions with subsequent site-directed mutagenesis. The physiological consequences as well as the engineering principles suggested by the structural model will be discussed.
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Afaganis, Alexander J., and Larry Christmas. "Building an Effective Pipe Procurement and Manufacturing Process." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90733.

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Over the last 5 years there have been a large number of transmission pipelines installed with much of the pipe procured and manufactured outside of North America — many from non-integrated pipe manufacturers. Over this same period there have been a significant number of pre-operation field hydrostatic testing pipe failures as a consequence of low and variable pipe strength, and chemical composition variations. A strong, structured and effective pipe procurement and manufacturing process following the proven “plan–do–check–act” quality assurance model can minimize such issues. Further, such a process can properly manage the inevitable process and product deviations ultimately minimizing project timeline disruptions and reducing project costs. A practical outline of the key features of such a system are discussed from the specification and bid package development through vendor qualification, bid contract review, slab, plate and pipe manufacturing (and the process control documentation and verification), manufacturing surveillance, and follow-up activities.
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Larsson, L. J., E. P. Frisch, and I. Bjoörk. "PROPERTIES OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN ou-MACROGLOBULIN AND THE PROTEINASE BRINASE FROM ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643039.

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Brinase, a proteinase from Aspergillus oryzae, has previously been shown to have a significant thrombolytic effect in patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease. Brinase is rapidly bound to α1-proteinase inhibitor and α2-macroglobulin (α2M) in plasma. Since binding of a proteinase to α2 M only results in ste-rical blockingof the active siteand not complete inactivation of the enzyme, it has been suggested that brinase in complex with α2M may retain ability to digest fibrin.To test this hypothesis, we have characterized the binding of brinase to α2M and the properties of the complex formed. Analyses by several techniques showed that one molecule of α2M can maximally bind twomolecules of brinase. The bait region and the thioester bonds of α2M were cleaved in this reaction in a similar manner as in the reactionwith trypsin. Moreover, a conformational change highly similar to that-caused by trypsin was induced in oα2M by brinase, as shown by changes of fluorescence emission, far-u.v. circular dichroism and u.v. absorption difference spectra. Thus, brinase appears to bind to α2M in the same manner as other proteinases. The activities of free brinase and two forms of brinase-α2M complex, produced by reaction of thetwo components in an equimolar ratio or by saturation of inhibitor with enzyme, were compared by two different assays with high-molecular-weight substrates, i.e. hide powder azure or fibrin. The complex formed with equimolar amounts of brinase and α2M showed ∼15% of the activity of free brinase in both assays, whereas the complex formed at saturation of inhibitor with enzyme showed ∼35% of the free brinase activity. Although the brinase-α2M complex, like other α2M proteinase complexes, is eliminated rapidly from plasma, the anility of the complex to cleave high-molecular-weight substrates may be an explanation of the thrombolytic effect of brinase seen in patients.
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Dietl, John M., and Ephrahim Garcia. "Kinematic Variation and Modeling for Design in Ornithoptic Flight." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82035.

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During soaring forward flight, larger birds such as raptors generate most of their lift in a manner consistent with the lift generated by fixed-wing aircraft. However, in flapping flight there is an additional flow field that must be superimposed to account for thrust generated. The aerodynamic forces can be analyzed using conventional strip theory techniques and integrated across the wingspan and over the entire flapping cycle. Oscillating wing pitch causes the lift vector to contribute to forward thrust and effects useful angles of attack. This paper seeks to predict which kinematic parameters of flapping flight will allow for sustained forward flight. Using a mathematical model for flapping flight and a genetic algorithm, kinematic parameters are selected that provide sufficient lift and thrust while attenuating aerodynamic power consumption. The results show that separate degrees of freedom are necessary for twisting and heaving motions to yield acceptable flight conditions.
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DePoli, Patricia, Theresa Bacon-Baquley, and Daniel A. Walz. "THROMBOSPONDIN INTERACTION WITH PLASMINOGEN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643824.

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Platelet thrombospondin (TSP) interacts with plasminogen in a specific and saturable manner. TSP can form a trimolecular complex with histidine-rich glycoprotein and plasminogen and the plasminogen within such complexes can reportedly be activated by tissue plasminogen activator. We have studied the interaction of TSP with plasminogen using Western blotting of plasminogen, reduced plasmin and the elastase-generated fragments of plasminogen and their binding of iodinated TSP. TSP was found to specifically bind to plasminogen and the heavy (non-enzyme) chain of plasmin in a calcium-independent manner. Binding could be blocked by preincubation of the immobilized plasminogen or plasmin with an excess of unlabeled TSP. Plasminogen domains (kringles) were generated by limited eTastase proteolysis. TSP bound specifically to a single 51 kDa plasminogen fragment. The elastase-generated fragments were separated by lysine-Sepharose chromatography and their identities established by amino acid composition and amino-terminal sequence analysis. The 51 kDa plasminogen fragment bound to lysine-Sepharose and had an amino-terminal sequence corresponding to kringle 4 (K4) and a composition consistent with that of K4-K5-plasmin. TSP binding to this fragment was not blocked by the presence of an excess of the fragment K1-K2-K3, K4, nor miniplasminogen (K5-plasmin). Binding does not appear to be directly dependent upon the specific high-affinity lysine binding site of the 51 kDa fragment. Our data suggests that thrombospondin interacts with plasminogen at a single distinct site, and that this recognition site is at or near the K4-K5 contiguous region of plasminogen.
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Reports on the topic "Bird manure"

1

Lott, Casey A., Peter A. Durkee, Wendy A. Gierhart, and Patty P. Kelly. Florida Coastal Engineering and Bird Conservation Geographic Information System (GIS) Manual. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada537470.

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2

Kneifel, Joshua D., Priya D. Lavappa, Eric G. O'Rear, Anne L. Greig, and Sangwon Suh. BIRDS v3.1 low-energy residential database technical manual. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1956.

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Kneifel, Joshua, Eric O'Rear, Priya Lavappa, Shannon Grubb, Anne Landfield Greig, and Sangwon Suh. Building Industry Reporting and Design for Sustainability (BIRDS) commercial database technical manual:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1975r2.

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Lippiatt, Barbara C., Joshua Kneifel, Priya Lavappa, Sangwon Suh, and Anne Landfield Greig. Building Industry Reporting and Design for Sustainability (BIRDS) Technical Manual and User Guide. National Institute of Standards and Technology, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1814.

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Kneifel, Joshua D., Priya D. Lavappa, Anne L. Greig, and Sangwon Suh. Building Industry Reporting and Design for Sustainability (BIRDS) New Residential Database Technical Manual. National Institute of Standards and Technology, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1878.

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Kneifel, Joshua, Eric O'Rear, Shannon Grubb, Anne Landfield Greig, and Sangwon Suh. Building industry reporting and design for sustainability (BIRDS) commercial database technical manual: update. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1975.

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Kneifel, Joshua, Eric O'Rear, Shannon Grubb, Anne Landfield Greig, and Sangwon Suh. Building industry reporting and design for sustainability (BIRDS) commercial database technical manual: update. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1975r1.

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Kneifel, Joshua, Priya Lavappa, Eric O'Rear, Anne Greig, and Sangwon Suh. Building Industry Reporting and Design for Sustainability (BIRDS) Low-Energy Residential Database Technical Manual. National Institute of Standards and Technology, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1918.

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Kneifel, Joshua, Eric O'Rear, Shannon Grubb, Priya Lavappa, and Anne Landfield Greig. Building industry reporting and design for sustainability (BIRDS) neutral environment software tool (NEST) technical manual. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1976.

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10

Kneifel, Joshua, Eric O'Rear, David Webb, Anne Landfield Greig, and Sangwon Suh. Building industry reporting and design for sustainability (BIRDS) building code-based residential database technical manual: update. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1999.

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