Journal articles on the topic 'Bird Island'
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1
Wright, Natalie A., David W. Steadman, and Christopher C. Witt. "Predictable evolution toward flightlessness in volant island birds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 17 (April 11, 2016): 4765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1522931113.
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Birds are prolific colonists of islands, where they readily evolve distinct forms. Identifying predictable, directional patterns of evolutionary change in island birds, however, has proved challenging. The “island rule” predicts that island species evolve toward intermediate sizes, but its general applicability to birds is questionable. However, convergent evolution has clearly occurred in the island bird lineages that have undergone transitions to secondary flightlessness, a process involving drastic reduction of the flight muscles and enlargement of the hindlimbs. Here, we investigated whether volant island bird populations tend to change shape in a way that converges subtly on the flightless form. We found that island bird species have evolved smaller flight muscles than their continental relatives. Furthermore, in 366 populations of Caribbean and Pacific birds, smaller flight muscles and longer legs evolved in response to increasing insularity and, strikingly, the scarcity of avian and mammalian predators. On smaller islands with fewer predators, birds exhibited shifts in investment from forelimbs to hindlimbs that were qualitatively similar to anatomical rearrangements observed in flightless birds. These findings suggest that island bird populations tend to evolve on a trajectory toward flightlessness, even if most remain volant. This pattern was consistent across nine families and four orders that vary in lifestyle, foraging behavior, flight style, and body size. These predictable shifts in avian morphology may reduce the physical capacity for escape via flight and diminish the potential for small-island taxa to diversify via dispersal.
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Matsyura, О. V., and М. V. Matsyura. "ФАКТОРИ, ЩО ОБУМОВЛЮЮТЬ РОЗПОДІЛ КОЛОНІАЛЬНИХ ПТАХІВ РОДИНИ LARIDAE НА ОСТРОВАХ." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 1, no. 01 (April 5, 2011): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20111_14.
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<p>The analysis of the main factors, which specify the spreading of colonial Laridae to the islands of Azov and Black Sea region, is presented. The influence of the anthropogenic pressure and the interspecific interrelations on the island bird communities is considered. The basic directions of anthropogenic influence on island birds were determined. The analysis of mutual breeding of island birds was performed.</p> <p><em>Key words: island, bird communities, anthropogenic pressure, interspecific interrelations, analysis. </em></p>
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Nibley, Hugh. "Bird Island." Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 34, no. 1-2 (April 1, 2001): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45226769.
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Matsyura, О. V. "КОМПЛЕКСНА ОЦІНКА ДИНАМІКИ ЧИСЕЛЬНОСТІ УГРУПОВАНЬ КОЛОНІАЛЬНИХ НАВКОЛОВОДНИХ ПТАХІВ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ДЕЯКИХ ОСТРОВІВ СИВАШУ)." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 1, no. 3 (December 25, 2011): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20111_38.
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<p>The problem of the mathematical analysis of the number dynamics of the nesting waterbirds for the islands of the south of Ukraine is examined. The algorithm of the evaluation of changes in the number of island birds is proposed. Data of the long-term monitoring of the number of birds were analyzed according to this algorithm. The necessity of the implementation of the statistical indices together with the graphic representation of island birds’ turnover is proved. The trends of population dynamics are determined for the key species. The discussed procedure of the complex evaluation is proposed for the management planning of the island bird species and their habitats.</p> <p>The performed analysis of the number dynamics of the key-stone breeding island birds showed that, with the exception of little tern, the population status and the prognosis of number are sufficiently favorable. From the data of long-term monitoring we came up with the conclusion about the existence of island habitats with carrying capacity to maintain the additional number of breeding birds. In the case of unfavorable conditions like strengthening of anthropogenic press, concurrent interrelations, deficiency of feed resources or drastic reduction of breeding biotopes, the birds due to turnover are capable to successfully react even without reducing their number and breeding success. The extinction rate of the breeding bird species from the island sites directly correlates with the number of breeding species. For the species with equal abundance, the extinction probability is higher for birds, whose numbers are unstable and characterized by significant fluctuations. This testifies the urgency of the constant monitoring and analysis of the number dynamics of breeding bird species in region.</p> <p>The suggested procedure of analysis is recommended for drawing up of management plans and performing of prognoses of number of breeding island bird species. More detail analysis with use of quantitative data on breeding birds will be the next step of the study of the island birds’ turnover. The results of the analysis of population dynamics assist to count the minimal population size for the colonization of new islands and stable existence of bird communities. Detailed analysis will allow to estimate the effect of competition on population and to determine the competitive variability inside and between the species breeding on islands.</p> <p><em>Key words: Ukraine, colonial waterbirds, islands, dynamics of number, analysis</em></p> <p> </p>
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Matsyura, A. V. "МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ДИНАМИКИ ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ НЕКОТОРЫХ ОКОЛОВОДНЫХ ВИДОВ ПТИЦ ОСТРОВОВ СИВАША." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 2, no. 2 (October 15, 2012): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20122_24.
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<p>The problem of the mathematical analysis of dynamics of number of key colonial breeding waterbirds regarding to the islands of region is considered. The algorithm of an estimation of changes in number of birds is offered in scope of specific features of colonies and habitats. The data of long-term monitoring of island birds’ number have been analyzed according to proposed algorithm. On the basis of analysis results the necessity of use of the statistical indexes expressing the tendencies of changes in bird number and bird turnover is proved. For the key species of island communities the tendencies of changes in number are determined within the limits of researched region. The discussed technique of a complex estimation of breeding island bird dynamics is offered for the use at drawing up the management plans and development of nature protection actions with the purpose of conservation of bird diversity and their habitats.</p> <p><em>Key words: colonial birds, islands, dynamics of number, complex estimation</em></p> <p> </p>
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AMIDON, FRED, RICHARD J. CAMP, ANN P. MARSHALL, THANE K. PRATT, LAURA WILLIAMS, PAUL RADLEY, and JUSTINE B. CRUZ. "Terrestrial bird population trends on Aguiguan (Goat Island), Mariana Islands." Bird Conservation International 24, no. 4 (April 2, 2014): 505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270914000021.
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SummaryThe island of Aguiguan is part of the Mariana archipelago and currently supports populations of four endemic species, including one endemic genus, Cleptornis. Bird population trends since 1982 were recently assessed on the neighbouring islands of Saipan, Tinian, and Rota indicating declines in some native species. Point-transect surveys were conducted in 2008 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to assess population densities and trends on Aguiguan. Densities for six of the nine native birds—White-throated Ground-dove Gallicolumba xanthonura, Collared Kingfisher Todiramphus chloris, Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons, Golden White-eye Cleptornis marchei, Bridled White-eye Zosterops conspicillatus and Micronesian Starling Aplonis opaca—and the non-native bird—Island Collared-dove Streptopelia bitorquata—were significantly greater in 2008 than in 1982. No differences in densities were detected among the surveys for Mariana Fruit-dove Ptilinopus roseicapilla, and Micronesian Myzomela Myzomela rubratra. Three federally and locally listed endangered birds—Nightingale Reed-warbler Acrocephalus luscinius, Mariana Swiftlet Collocalia bartschi, and Micronesian Megapode Megapodius laperous)—were either not detected during the point-transect counts, the surveys were not appropriate for the species, or the numbers of birds detected were too small to estimate densities. The factors behind the increasing trends for some species are unknown but may be related to increased forest cover on the island since 1982. With declining trends for some native species on neighbouring islands, the increasing and stable trends on Aguiguan is good news for forest bird populations in the region, as Aguiguan populations can help support conservation efforts on other islands in the archipelago.
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GINANTRA, I. Ketut, I. Ketut MUKSIN, Martin JONI, and Luh Putu Eswaryanti Kusuma YUNI. "Bird Diversity as a Support of Ecotourism Activities in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Lembongan Island Bali." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 13, no. 7 (December 2, 2022): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.7(63).04.
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Research has been carried out on bird diversity to support ecotourism attractions in the mangrove area of Lembongan Island. The research was conducted in April - August 2021. The focus of this research is the identification, description of bird species and the use of habitats for bird activities. To achieve this goal, the following steps were taken: Identification of bird species based on morphological characteristics, determining the abundance of bird species using the point count method, determining bird activity at each ecosystem site of mangroves with ad libitum sampling method. Bird species diversity was determined by the Shannon-Wiener index. The results of the study found 32 species of birds belonging to 26 families. Most of the birds found were terrestrial birds with 21 species, and water birds (shore birds) with 11 species. Overall, the diversity of bird species in the mangrove ecosystem is in the high category (diversity index 3.03) and the species evenness index is high (evenness index 0.87). The types of vegetation used by birds at the 7 research sites were mangrove vegetation, mangrove associations and dry land vegetation. The presence of birds, bird conservation status, bird activities, habitat use by birds in mangrove habitats are attractive attractions for ecotourism.
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Bella, Anna M., H. J. Kiroh, Meis J. Nangoy, Martha M. H. Kawatu, and James R. M. Keintjem. "TINGKAT KESUKAAN BEBERAPA BAHAN PAKAN BURUNG NURI TALAUD (Eos histrio) DAN PERFORMANS YANG DIPELIHARA SECARA EX-SITU." ZOOTEC 37, no. 2 (July 30, 2017): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.37.2.2017.16805.
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THE LEVEL OF THE FEED INGREDIENTS ARE FAVORITES OF BIRDS PARROTS TALAUD ISLANDS (EOS HISTRIO) AND PERFORMANS PRESERVED IN EX-SITU. Eos histrio is a parrot endemic to islands that are located in the northern part of the island of Sulawesi. This bird in its Habitat the bird known as the Sampiri, and internationally as Red and Blue Lory Lory, On trading of birds, birds have a high selling price, therefore catching the bird in its Habitat, the need for more intensive conservation efforts and need to be developed the techniques of ex situ conservation. This research aims to know and observe the level of fondness, feed consumption and added weight Birds Parrot Talaud Islands (Eos histrio) preserved in Ex-situ. This research was carried out in natural resources Conservation (BKSDA) North Sulawesi in 1 (one) month. The animals examined i.e. 2 birds talaud Lory (Eos histrio) in males and females. The observed variable the level of fondness, consumption, efficiency of feed materials and weight added. This research by using descriptive method and presented in the form of tables. From the results obtained that the level of the feed ingredients are favorites of birds parrots talaud Islands (Eos histrio) in males as well as females, namely corn, papaya, bananas and watermelon, the consumption of feed and added the most weight in female.Keywords: Bird Parrot Talaud Islands (Eos histrio), Ex-Situ, Level of Fondness, Added Weight, Consumption.
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Cenizo, Marcos M. "Review of the putative Phorusrhacidae from the Cretaceous and Paleogene of Antarctica: new records of ratites and pelagornithid birds." Polish Polar Research 33, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10183-012-0014-3.
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Abstract : Remains referred to Phorusrhacidae from the Cretaceous and Paleogene of the Antarctic Peninsula, and mainly known through informal and succinct descriptions, are re− assigned here to other bird lineages recorded in the Antarctic continent. New records of ratites, pelagornithid birds, and penguins are added to the Upper Eocene avifauna of Sey− mour Island. Moreover, the original allocation for an alleged cursorial seriema−like bird from the Maastrichtian of Vega Island is refuted, and its affinities with foot−propelled div− ing birds are indicated. The indeterminate Pelagornithidae specimen represents the largest pseudo−toothed bird known so far. It is concluded that there is no empirical evidence for the presence of terror birds in Antarctica.
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Burner, Ryan C., Subir B. Shakya, Tri Haryoko, Mohammad Irham, Dewi M. Prawiradilaga, and Frederick H. Sheldon. "Ornithological observations from Maratua and Bawean Islands, Indonesia." TREUBIA 45 (January 10, 2019): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v45i0.3445.
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Indonesia’s many islands, large and small, make it an important center of avian diversity and endemism. Current biogeographic understanding, however, is limited by the lack of modern genetic samples for comparative analyses from most of these islands, and conservation efforts are hampered by the paucity of recent information from small islands peripheral to major, more commonly visited islands. In November and December 2016, we visited Maratua, an oceanic coral atoll 50 km east of Borneo, and Bawean, a volcanic island on the Sunda continental shelf 150 km north of Java, to survey birds and collect specimens for morphological and genetic analysis. We detected many of the birds on Maratua’s historical lists and added several new resident and migratory species. Notably, we did not detect the Maratua White-rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus barbouri). On Bawean, we found the forests to be nearly silent and detected remarkably few resident land-bird species overall. The severe population reduction of C. m. barbouri on Maratua and the drastic reduction of forest birds on Bawean probably result from overexploitation by the cage-bird trade in the first case and a combination of the cage-bird trade and pellet-gun hunting in the second.
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Mills, Eric L., and Lance Laviolette. "BIRDS OF BRIER ISLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, REVISED AND UPDATED." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 52, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v52i1.11371.
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This monograph is a revision and updating of our publication on the birds of Brier Island, Nova Scotia, published in the Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science in 2011. Known for its concentrations of seabirds and large volume of migration in spring and autumn, the island has gained constantly increasing attention by birders since it was first investigated by members of the Nova Scotia Bird Society in 1955. The past decade, since 2011, has seen a remarkable increase in bird reports, mainly due to increased field work by birders, but also because of the use of the online bird logging system eBird. The heart of this monograph is the annotated list of birds, which has been enlarged and revised in the light of new reports by field observers and new information from the ornithological literature. We have incorporated eBird observations, along with our personal records of occurrences and bird banding data into this revision, along with the changes in the order and arrangement of North American bird families as set out by the Checklist Committee of the American Ornithological Society. Three species, Pacific Golden-Plover, Brown Booby and Zone-tailed Hawk, have been added to the island checklist, and one has been lost, Thayer’s Gull, which has been incorporated into Iceland Gull. The total list of species reported from the island is 357, including two hypothetical species. The number of known breeding bird species has increased from 74 to 83. We also update ecological knowledge of the island as a result of recent fieldwork and the restoration of the Big Meadow Bog in support of Eastern Mountain Avens conservation.
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Kroodsma, Donald E., Robin W. Woods, and Elijah A. Goodwin. "Falkland Island Sedge Wrens (Cistothorus Platensis) Imitate Rather Than Improvise Large Song Repertoires." Auk 119, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.2.523.
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Abstract Among songbirds, does reduced fidelity to a breeding site lead to vocal improvisation? Data for Cistothorus wrens suggest it does, because North American Sedge Wrens (C. platensis) have low breeding-site fidelity and improvise their large song repertoires, but sedentary or site-faithful populations of this and other Cistothorus species in the Neotropics and North America all imitate. We attempted to falsify this hypothesis by studying extreme south-temperate zone populations of Sedge Wrens in the Falkland Islands. We banded and recorded males on Kidney Island and Carcass Island, and then compared song matching among males both within and between islands. Birds on those islands were highly site-faithful from one breeding season to the next. Song repertoires were large, up to 400 in one bird, and songs of birds within an island were more similar to each other than to songs on the other island, showing that these birds do imitate. These results further support the idea that site fidelity promotes imitation of neighbors, and continue to highlight the unique correlation between reduced site-fidelity and song improvisation in the North American Sedge Wren.
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Hall, James R., Robin W. Woods, M. de L. Brooke, and Geoff M. Hilton. "Factors affecting the distribution of landbirds on the Falkland Islands." Bird Conservation International 12, no. 2 (June 2001): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270902002095.
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A high proportion of island birds are threatened with extinction as a result of their vulnerability to introduced predators, habitat destruction, and fragmentation/isolation effects. In order to conserve island species effectively, it is necessary to disentangle these effects on distribution and abundance. We attempt to do this for the nine native passerines in the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands, using a database of presence/absence on 59 offshore islands in the archipelago, linked to data for each island on mammal presence, habitat modification, and isolation. Falklands native passerines are of considerable conservation importance, comprising one endemic globally threatened species, several endemic subspecies, and several restricted range species. Presence of rats on islands was by far the most important predictor of passerine presence, overriding the effect of habitat modifications. The globally threatened endemic Cobb's Wren Troglodytes cobbi was absent from all islands containing rats. Some species were more likely, and others less likely to occur on islands where tussac Poa flabellata grassland had been destroyed by grazing. The former species were primarily those adapted to dwarf-heath vegetation, and/or that thrive around human settlements. Island size and isolation were important predictors of occurrence for several bird species. The analyses show that, if vegetation restoration in the Falklands is to meet conservation aims, then it should be accompanied by introduced mammal control. Secondly, they indicate that biogeographical effects on bird distribution among islands in the Falklands are important, and need to be considered when assessing the conservation status of species, and when considering conservation action.
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T. Atkinson, Carter, Ruth C. Utzurrum, Joshua O. Seamon, Amy F. Savage, and Dennis A. Lapointe. "Hematozoa of forest birds in American Samoa - evidence for a diverse, indigenous parasite fauna from the South Pacific." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 3 (2006): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060229.
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Introduced avian diseases pose a significant threat to forest birds on isolated island archipelagos, especially where most passerines are endemic and many groups of blood-sucking arthropods are either absent or only recently introduced. We conducted a blood parasite survey of forest birds from the main islands of American Samoa to obtain baseline information about the identity, distribution and prevalence of hematozoan parasites in this island group. We examined Giemsa-stained blood smears from 857 individual birds representing 20 species on Tutuila, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u islands. Four hematozoan parasites were identified ? Plasmodium circumflexum (1%, 12/857), Trypanosoma avium (4%,32/857), microfilaria (9%, 76/857), and an Atoxoplasma sp. {<1%, 21857). Infections were found in seven indigenous bird species from the archipelago. Overall prevalence of infection varied significantly among bird species, individual islands, and between Tutuila and the more isolated Manu'a group of islands. Infections with Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, and filarial worms occurred throughout the archipelago, including islands without introduced birds. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall prevalence of infection before and after Hurricane Olaf in February 2005, suggesting that catastrophic hurricanes may influence the dynamics of parasite infections. Given the central location of American Samoa in the South Pacific, it is likely that avian malaria and other hematozoan parasites are indigenous and widespread at least as far as the central South Pacific. Their natural occurrence may provide some immunological protection to indigenous birds in the event that other closely related parasites are accidentally introduced to the region.
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Cassey, Phillip, Tim M. Blackburn, Richard P. Duncan, and Kevin J. Gaston. "Causes of exotic bird establishment across oceanic islands." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, no. 1576 (August 17, 2005): 2059–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3193.
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The probability that exotic species will successfully establish viable populations varies between regions, for reasons that are currently unknown. Here, we use data for exotic bird introductions to 41 oceanic islands and archipelagos around the globe to test five hypotheses for this variation: the effects of introduction effort, competition, predation, human disturbance and habitat diversity (island biogeography). Our analyses demonstrate the primary importance of introduction effort for avian establishment success across regions, in concordance with previous analyses within regions. However, they also reveal a strong negative interaction across regions between establishment success and predation; exotic birds are more likely to fail on islands with species-rich mammalian predator assemblages.
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Villalobos, José A. Huertas, and Luis Sandoval. "Ten new bird species for Isla del Coco, Costa Rica." Check List 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.3.568.
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We report ten new bird species for Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. All observations were conducted during one-month period (October 2010) during autumn migration of birds to South America. These observations increase the number of bird species recorded on the island to 129.
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Matsyura, M. V., D. V. Zhdanova, and O. V. Matsyura. "СТІЙКІСТЬ СТРУКТУРИ ВИДОВОГО РІЗНОМАНІТТЯ ОСТРІВНИХ УГРУПОВАНЬ ПТАХІВ." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 3, no. 02 (August 31, 2013): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20133_35.
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<p>Suggested approach is based on estimation of biodiversity stability that includes quality changes of diversity and number dynamics of bird species in the communities. We took the data from some model islands of Central, Eastern, and Western Sivash; Obitochniy Bay and Molochniy Estuary (Azov Sea basin). We used parameters from island bird communities of colonial breeding waterfowl. The results of analysis suggested that biodiversity stability correlated with biodiversity indices and species evenness index.</p> <p><em>Key words: species diversity, stability, birds, communities.</em></p> <p><strong> </strong></p>
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Mills, Eric L., and Lance Laviolette. "Birds of Brier Island." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 46, no. 1 (November 14, 2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v46i1.6861.
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Brier Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, at the southwestern entrance to the Bay of Fundy, has been known for years as a prime birding destination. It combines access to unusually rich gatherings of pelagic birds, the chance of seeing rarities in greater frequency than almost anywhere else in the province, and the spectacle of large volume land bird migrations. The island lies at the intersection of migratory routes along the east coast of North America. Because of intense oceanic turbulence in the adjacent shallow water, which is in close proximity to deeper water, rich feeding is available for nearshore seabirds and pelagic species. Of the 470+ species recorded from the Province of Nova Scotia as a whole, 355 have been recorded from Brier Island. Many of these are vagrants, mainly of western or southern origin in North America; others are common passage migrants that visit the island briefly in very large numbers, especially in autumn. Apart from possible vagrants in spring and fall, the island is noted for the abundance of passerine migrants in autumn, a striking hawk migration in September and October, late-summer gatherings of phalaropes, shearwaters, and storm petrels, and an abundance of overwintering alcids, loons, grebes, and sea ducks in winter. The island has been the site of bird-banding activity and of Christmas counts for more than 50 years. We provide an introduction to the physiography, geology, physical geography, oceanography, and ecology of the island, along with a list of the breeding birds, a comparison with Grand Manan, New Brunswick, an extensively annotated list of the birds plausibly reported from the island to the middle of 2011, describing occurrence, seasonality, and abundance of all species, and a checklist of the birds of the island. Species occurrence data available via the OBIS Canada data repository http://ipt.iobis.org/obiscanada/resource?r=brierisland_birds
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ZoBell, Vanessa M., and Brett J. Furnas. "Impacts of land use and invasive species on native avifauna of Mo’orea, French Polynesia." PeerJ 5 (September 15, 2017): e3761. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3761.
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Oceanic islands are among the most endemically biodiverse ecosystems in the world. They have been adversely impacted by human expansion, which affects regional biodiversity by altering the natural habitats of vulnerable, indigenous species. Birds represent a valuable indicator species of environmental change due to their ability to adapt quickly. Investigating the relationship between environmental change, abundance, and behaviors of birds can help us better anticipate potential impacts to island ecosystems. In addition, we can understand the population trends and restricted ranges of native avifauna, identify the regions needing protection, and assess habitat vulnerability linked to anthropogenic activities. In Mo’orea, French Polynesia, we studied nine passerine bird species using automated acoustic recording devices placed in agricultural, forested, and mixed habitats. Based on call counts per unit time and occupancy modeling, we found evidence that three non-native species preferred agricultural areas and low-canopy cover over dense forested areas. Furthermore, native bird detectability and possibly abundance was significantly lower than non-native birds. Using hierarchical cluster analysis to support inferences regarding behavioral differences, we found that native bird calling activity was negatively associated with non-native bird calling activity. Altogether, these results suggest native bird populations are at risk in all of the habitats studied, but forests serve as a potential refuge.
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David Tindall, S., C. John Ralph, and M. N. Clout. "Changes in bird abundance following Common Myna control on aNew Zealand island." Pacific Conservation Biology 13, no. 3 (2007): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc070202.
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We censused land bird populations on a small island during a year of intense trapping of the Common Myna Acridotheres tristis. We successfully removed mynas on Moturoa Island, Bay of Islands, with populations on the island decreasing In most areas, while holding steady on other, nearby islands where no trapping was conducted. The populations of many other bird species increased coincidently with the removal of mynas. This was most notable in the Tui Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae, Grey Warbler Gerygone igata, and Blackbird Turdus merula. Of 60 species-route comparisons, we found that 23 (38%) increased, 33 (55%) had no change, and only four (7%) decreased. The relative role of rats Rattus spp. and succession is also discussed. Tile historical decline of many species in the North Island of New Zealand may have been related to the concomitant increase of tile myna, and control of this species may be warranted in some cases, especially where restoration of the native fauna is the objective.
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Sebastianelli, Matteo, Georgios Savva, Michaella Moysi, and Alexander N. G. Kirschel. "Tape lures swell bycatch on a Mediterranean island harbouring illegal bird trapping." Biology Letters 16, no. 9 (September 2020): 20200458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0458.
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Mediterranean islands provide shelter and sustenance for millions of migrating birds each year. Humans have historically exploited bird migration through hunting. In Cyprus, trapping birds during their migratory peak is considered a tradition, but has long been against the law. Illegal bird trapping is lucrative, however, with trappers using tape lures that broadcast birdsong to increase capture rates. It results in the slaughter of millions of birds each year. Yet, scientific studies quantifying capture rates of target and nontarget species using methods employed by trappers are lacking. Here, we show using playback experiments that tape lures lead to an order of magnitude greater capture rates of target species, but also significantly increase bycatch, which may include species of conservation concern. Conservation efforts focusing on minimizing illegal bird killing should also consider tape lures and their contribution to the overall impact of trapping on avian populations.
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Trainor, Colin R. "Status and habitat associations of birds on Lembata Island, Wallacea, Indonesia, with reference to a simple technique for avifaunal survey on small islands." Bird Conservation International 12, no. 4 (December 2002): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927090200223x.
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The islands of Wallacea were surveyed most intensely by field ornithologists in the nineteenth century, and again in the 1990s. However, the status and habitat use of bird species on many islands remains unknown. This study examined birds in several natural and disturbed habitats on Lembata (also known as Lomblen) Island, Indonesia. A total of 78 bird species were recorded including six endemic to the Lesser Sundas, an additional three Wallacean endemics and a total of 27 resident forest species. Including published records, 91 bird species have been recorded for Lembata. Extrapolation from the cumulative number of new species in the 45 samples gave an expected Total Bird Richness of 103.4 species. The frequency of occurrence of Lesser Sundas endemic bird species, all Wallacean endemics and Lesser Sundas endemic subspecies, forest-dependent species and frugivores was greatest in closed canopy forest (at higher elevations). Conversely, generalist “Australo-Papuan” species, granivores and nectarivores occurred more frequently in lowlands (including human-modified habitats). Protected area proposals were made in 1982, but there has been no management of natural areas for biological conservation on Lembata. Conservation activities aiming to stem forest loss and fragmentation in an Important Bird Area in southern Lembata, which includes significant populations of the Flores Green Pigeon Treron floris (Globally Vulnerable), may be an important step. Merits of the “Species list” survey method are discussed.
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Ruffino, Lise, Diane Zarzoso-Lacoste, and Eric Vidal. "Assessment of invasive rodent impacts on island avifauna: methods, limitations and the way forward." Wildlife Research 42, no. 2 (2015): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15047.
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Bird conservation is nowadays a strong driving force for prioritising rodent eradications, but robust quantitative estimates of impacts are needed to ensure cost-effectiveness of management operations. Here, we review the published literature to investigate on what methodological basis rodent effects on island bird communities have been evaluated for the past six decades. We then discuss the advantages and limitations of each category of methods for the detection and quantification of impacts, and end with some recommendations on how to strengthen current approaches and extend our knowledge on the mechanisms of impacts. Impact studies (152 studies considered) emphasised seabirds (67%), black rats (63%) and the Pacific Ocean (57%). Among the most commonly used methods to study rodent impacts on birds were the observation of dead eggs or empty nests while monitoring bird breeding success, and the analyses of rodent diets, which can both lead to misleading conclusions if the data are not supported by direct field evidence of rodent predation. Direct observations of rodent–bird interactions (19% of studies) are still poorly considered despite their potential to reveal cryptic behaviours and shed light on the mechanisms of impacts. Rodent effects on birds were most often measured as a change or difference in bird breeding parameters (74% of studies), while estimates of bird population growth rates (4%) are lacking. Based on the outcomes of this literature review, we highlight the need for collecting unbiased population-level estimates of rodent impacts, which are essential prerequisites for predicting bird population growth scenarios and prioritising their conservation needs. This could be achieved by a more systematic integration of long-term monitoring of bird populations into rodent management operations and modelling bird population dynamics. We also strongly recommend including various complementary methods in impact assessment strategies to unravel complex interactions between rodents and birds and avoid faulty evidence. Finally, more research should be devoted to a better understanding of the cases of non-impacts (i.e. long-term coexistence) and those impacts mediated by mechanisms other than predation and ecosystem-level processes.
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Leupen, Boyd T. C., Loretta Shepherd, Chris R. Shepherd, Evros Damianou, and Vincent Nijman. "Market surveys in Mataram, Lombok, illustrate the expanse of legal and illegal Indonesian bird trade networks." Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/injast.v3i1.5127.
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Bird keeping is deeply rooted in Indonesian culture and markets selling large numbers of birds are found across the country. We examined bird markets in Mataram on the island of Lombok. Across five market visits, 10,326 birds of 108 species were observed, with 18 of these species being nationally protected and 10 having been assessed as globally threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Observed protected species, as well as non-protected species with no or exceeded harvest quotas accounted for a total of 8,586 (83.1%) illegally traded birds. In terms of trade volume, 83% (n=8,347) of the recorded Indonesian birds were native to Lombok, suggesting that many of the birds for sale were sourced locally. However, 63% (n=65) of the encountered Indonesian species were not native to Lombok, confirming previously described intra-national bird trade flows between the Indonesian islands. We found a strong positive relation between a species’ body size and its asking price. Current legislation in Indonesia is sufficient to eradicate the open trade in illegally sourced and/or protected species. Improved enforcement of these laws, in combination with strategic demand reduction efforts, is needed to curb illegal and unsustainable bird trade in the country.
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MOKHTER, NORMAISHARAH, MUHAMMAD ARIFUDDIN AKHSAN, MUHAMMAD ASRAF AMRAN, JIEN LEE TZE, MD-ZAIRI ZAINAL, MUHAMMAD ABU BAKAR ABDUL-LATIFF, and NOR ATIQAH NORAZLIMI. "BIRD COMPOSITION IN FOREST AND COASTAL ZONE OF PULAU TINGGI, JOHOR, MALAYSIA." JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 17, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2022.11.003.
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Documentation of bird composition on the islands around Peninsular Malaysia is scarce and the attention is mainly focused on Malaysia’s Borneo Islands. Therefore, this study aims to fulfil this knowledge gap by documenting the bird composition in Pulau Tinggi. The study was conducted from March to August 2019 using mist-netting and direct observation methods. A total of 39 bird species belonging to 24 families were recorded. Among these, 28 species were residents, four species were residents migrants and seven were migrants. Migrant species include Wood sandpipers (Tringa glareola), Common Sandpipers (Actitis hypoleucos), Malay Hawk-cuckoo (Hierococcyx fugax), Arctic- Warbler (Phylloscopus borealis), Brown Shrike (Lanius cristatus), Siberian Blue Robin (Luscinia cyane) and Common Tern (Sterna hirundo). Regarding conservation status, only one species was listed as Near Threatened: The White-chested Babbler (Trichastoma rostratum). Our result shows that the coastal area is more diverse (H=2.252) than the forest area (H=1.933). However, birds in the forest area were more evenly distributed with an evenness index score (forest = 0.5759) over (coastal=0.3806). Thus, we conclude that despite its small size, Pulau Tinggi accommodates a variety of bird species, where the conservation action plan for the continued survival of birds on this island needs to be implemented.
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Lavery, Tyrone H., Masaafi Alabai, Piokera Holland, Cornelius Qaqara, and Nelson Vatohi. "Feral cat abundance, density and activity in tropical island rainforests." Wildlife Research 47, no. 8 (2020): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19205.
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Abstract ContextIntroduced predators, especially cats, are a major cause of extinction globally. Accordingly, an extensive body of literature has focussed on the ecology and management of feral cats in continental and island systems alike. However, geographic and climatic gaps remain, with few studies focusing on rainforests or tropical islands of the south-western Pacific. AimsWe aimed to estimate cat densities and elucidate activity patterns of cats and sympatric birds and mammals in tropical island rainforests. We hypothesised that cat activity would be most influenced by the activity of introduced rodents and ground-dwelling birds that are predominant prey on islands. MethodsWe used camera traps to detect feral cats, pigs, rodents and birds on four tropical islands in the south-western Pacific. We used spatial capture–recapture models to estimate the abundance and density of feral cats. Relative abundance indices, and temporal overlaps in activity were calculated for feral cats, pigs, rodents, and birds. We used a generalised linear model to test for the influence of pig, rodent, and bird abundance on feral cat abundance. Key resultsThe species most commonly detected by our camera traps was feral cat, with estimated densities between 0.31 and 2.65 individuals km−2. Pigs and introduced rodents were the second- and third-most commonly detected fauna respectively. Cat activity was bimodal, with peaks in the hours before dawn and after dusk. Cat abundance varied with site and the abundance of rodents. ConclusionsFeral cats are abundant in the tropical rainforests of our study islands, where one bird and two mammal species are now presumed extinct. Introduced rodents possibly amplify the abundance and impacts of feral cats at our sites. Peak cat activity following dusk did not clearly overlap with other species detected by our camera traps. We postulate cats may be partly focussed on hunting frogs during this period. ImplicationsCats are likely to be a major threat to the highly endemic fauna of our study region. Management of feral cats will benefit from further consideration of introduced prey such as rodents, and their role in hyperpredation. Island archipelagos offer suitable opportunities to experimentally test predator–prey dynamics involving feral cats.
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LIANG, WEI, YAN CAI, and CAN-CHAO YANG. "Extreme levels of hunting of birds in a remote village of Hainan Island, China." Bird Conservation International 23, no. 1 (December 16, 2011): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270911000499.
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SummaryIn China, many bird species are generally thought to be threatened mainly, or at least partly, by hunting. However, there have been few studies of bird hunting at a local scale. Bird hunting and trade in Nanmao, a remote mountainous village of Hainan Island, China, was investigated during March–July 2003 and September–October 2005. In total, 86 households were visited, of which 43% reported that they engaged in hunting of birds while 91% of households were seen to have hunted birds or hunting tools. This indicated that hunting by village people was widespread. Most hunters were male, and were between 12 and 68 years old. A total of 78 bird species were hunted, including 2 First Class and 19 Second Class national protected species. This extreme level of hunting has changed from a more moderate subsistence hunting tradition since about 1980, when local urban markets for wild meat started to develop. We outline a strategic plan designed to conserve birds, other wildlife and their forest habitats, whilst improving the livelihoods and preserving the minority tribal traditions of the people of Nanmao forest.
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Mancina, C. A., D. Rodriguez Batista, and E. Ruiz Rojas. "Spatial distribution patterns of terrestrial bird assemblages on islands of the Sabana–Camagüey Archipelago, Cuba: evaluating nestedness and co–occurrence patterns." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 36, no. 2 (December 2013): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2013.36.0195.
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Using distribution data of 131 terrestrial bird species on 17 islands of the Archipelago Sabana–Camagüey, Cuba, we tested for non–randomness in presence–absence matrices with respect to co–occurrence and nestedness. We conducted separate analyses for the whole assemblage and sub–matrices according to trophic levels and residence status (breeding and migratory). We also explored the influence of weighting factors such as island area and isolation. The C–occurrence analyses were susceptible to the species subsets and the weighting factors. Unweighted analyses revealed a significant negative co–occurrence pattern for the entire assemblage and for most sub–matrices. The area weighted analyses always indicated strong non–random structure. However, an analysis with intra–guild species pairs showed that most pairs were randomly assembled; very few pairs had a significant segregated pattern. Bird assemblages followed a nested subset structure across islands. Nestedness was strongly correlated with area and unrelated with island isolation. Overall, this study suggests that terrestrial bird assemblages were shaped by extinction processes mediated through area effects rather than interspecific trophic guild competition. Data suggest that conservation of largest islands will guarantee high terrestrial bird richness on the archipelago.
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Sultana, Irin, Shayer Mahmood Ibney Alam, and Delip K. Das. "An Annotated Avifaunal Checklist of the Saint Martin’s Island of Bangladesh." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 44, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v44i2.46557.
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Despite being an Ecologically Critical Area (ECA) and a key attraction place for its uniqueness and unique bird fauna to the bird watchers and researchers, a method-based, scientific checklist on the avifauna of the Saint Martin’s Island is still lacking. This study was attempted to fill in this gap and produced an annotated bird checklist for the St. Martin’s island. A total of 112 species of birds belonging to 36 families under 15 orders was listed. Of these, 37 (33%) species were passerine and 75 (67%) species were nonpasserine. Eleven (9.82%) species were found to be very common, 12 (10.72%) species common, nine (8.04%) species uncommon and 80 (71.43%) species rare.
Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(2): 149-158, December 2018
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Mandon-Dalger, Isabelle, Philippe Clergeau, Jacques Tassin, Jean-Noël Rivière, and Sylvain Gatti. "Relationships between alien plants and an alien bird species on Reunion Island." Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, no. 6 (October 14, 2004): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001774.
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Many studies have shown that plant or bird invasions can be facilitated by native species, but few have demonstrated the possibility of a positive interaction between introduced species. We analysed the relationships between four invasive alien fleshy-fruited plants, Clidemia hirta, Rubus alceifolius, Lantana camara, Schinus terebinthifolius, and an invasive alien bird, the red-whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus introduced to Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). We compared the distribution of food items in the bulbul diet according to seasons and to abundance classes of this bird. Pycnonotus jocosus is mostly frugivorous and frequently eats the main alien plants (more than 80% frequency of food items). Sites with alien species, such as Clidemia hirta, providing fruits throughout the year supported more birds than sites providing fruits, such as Schinus terebinthifolius, seasonally. The birds facilitated seed germination by removing the pulp of fruit: the final per cent germination (FG) of cleaned seeds was higher than those within the fruit for three of the four plant species and in some cases passage through birds significantly increased FG (Schinus terebinthifolius) or Coefficient of Velocity (CV) (Lantana camara).
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Iswandaru, Dian, Indra Gumay Febryano, Trio Santoso, Hari Kaskoyo, Gunardi Djoko Winarno, Rudi Hilmanto, Rahmat Safe’i, Arief Darmawan, and Dini Zulfiani. "Bird community structure of small islands: a case study on the Pahawang Island, Lampung Province, Indonesia." Silva Balcanica 21, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.21.e56108.
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Small islands are extremely vulnerable to ecosystem disturbances. One of the common factors im-pacting on island ecosystems is the rise of tourism activity and the associated conversion of man-grove forest’s function into tourism’s supporting facility. Those changes will ultimately affect the diversity of bird species inhabiting the island. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the structure of a bird community in the mangrove forests of the Pahawang Island. The study used the transect method with tracking implemented. The obtained data were analysed using the Shannon-Wienner diversity index. We recorded 28 species from 21 families. Out of 21 families, Columbidae had the highest number of species (three species). Seven feeding guilds were observed during the present study, the maximum number of species belonged to the insectivore group and the minimum – to the nectarivore and omnivore (1 species each) guilds. Based on the abundance rank, the most abundant species was the cave swiftlet (Collochalia linchi). Three of the recorded species are listed in the cat-egory “Protected” according to the Indonesia Law: the brahminy kite (Haliastur indus), sunda pied fantail (Rhipidura javanica), and the black-naped tern (Sterna sumatrana). All bird species that have been recorded during the present study is classified as “Least Concern” in the IUCN Red List. The values of the Shannon-Wienner index suggest neither high nor low diversity (H’ = 2.55). Mangrove forest ecosystems, including the mudflat on the Pahawang Island, are important supporting popula-tions of wild birds through providing foraging, roosting and nesting sites.
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Carvalho, Mariana, Jorge M. Palmeirim, Francisco C. Rego, Nelson Sole, Aristides Santana, and John E. Fa. "What motivates hunters to target exotic or endemic species on the island of São Tomé, Gulf of Guinea?" Oryx 49, no. 2 (February 24, 2014): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000550.
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AbstractHunting and invasive species are amongst the main causes of species extinctions on oceanic islands. On the island of São Tomé hunting of introduced mammals (monkeys, civets and pigs) and endemic bird species has contrasting effects in terms of conservation. Hunting of introduced mammals may benefit native fauna and flora but pressure on endemic birds poses a threat to some species. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 119 hunters to assess the relative importance of native and introduced prey species, gathering information on personal profiles, preference and practice, and hunters’ perceptions of trends in prey populations. Eleven species were hunted, including five invasive mammals and five endemic birds of high conservation importance. Based on species hunted, techniques used and final destination of the quarry we distinguished three groups of hunters, using cluster analyses: bird, monkey and feral-pig hunters. Bird hunters were all from urban areas but most pig hunters were rural. Monkey hunters were mostly rural workers but a small proportion were from urban areas. Bird and monkey hunters were primarily motivated by commercial gains but they also hunted for enjoyment and food. In general, hunting of mammals is an opportunistic activity that, if regulated, can be sustainable and contribute to mitigating the effects of invasive species on local fauna as well contributing to local livelihoods. Given the economic drivers involved in hunting of birds, intervention to reduce or eliminate this form of hunting will require enforcement of legislation and raising awareness of the issues involved.
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MCWHIRTER, Douglas W. "Bird Nesting Data from Okinawa Island." Japanese Journal of Ornithology 33, no. 4 (1985): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3838/jjo1915.33.123.
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Avery, Julian D., Phillip Cassey, and Julie L. Lockwood. "Contemporary divergence of island bird plumage." Journal of Avian Biology 45, no. 3 (March 18, 2014): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jav.00300.
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B. Heenan, Peter, and Peter J. De Lange. "Reproductive biology, ecology and conservation of Carmichaelia williamsii (Fabaceae), a vulnerable legume from New Zealand." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 3 (1999): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990179.
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Carmichaelia williamsii is a threatened leguminous shrub that is most common on the Poor Knights Islands and Aldermen Islands, northern New Zealand. Flower morphology and structure of C. williamsii is suited to a bird pollination syndrome as the floral parts are stout, the petals yellow, the nectar source is distant from the stigma, and the flowers lack scent. The stigma is covered by a protective cuticle that prevents pollination until it is ruptured, which would usually be by foraging birds. Experimental self- and cross-pollinations demonstrated that if the cuticle is not ruptured fertilization will not occur, and that the species is self-compatible. Field observations on Aorangi Island, Poor Knights Islands, confirmed that C. williamsii is probably bird pollinated as plants in full flower were being systematically worked by the native passerine honeyeater the Bellbird (Anthornis me/anura; Meliphagidae). C. williamsii mainly grows in seral habitats, and populations often comprise plants of a similar height class. Introduced rats and the loss of pollinating birds could pose conservation and management problems for the species.
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Davis, Naomi E., Dennis J. O'Dowd, Ralph Mac Nally, and Peter T. Green. "Invasive ants disrupt frugivory by endemic island birds." Biology Letters 6, no. 1 (September 15, 2009): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0655.
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Biological invasions can alter direct and indirect interactions between species, generating far-reaching changes in ecological networks that affect key ecological functions. We used model and real fruit assays to show that the invasion and formation of high-density supercolonies by the yellow crazy ant (YCA), Anoplolepis gracilipes , disrupt frugivory by endemic birds on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. The overall handling rates of model fruits by birds were 2.2–2.4-fold lower in ant-invaded than in uninvaded rainforest, and pecking rates by two bird species declined by 2.6- and 4.5-fold, respectively. YCAs directly interfered with frugivory; their experimental exclusion from fruiting displays increased fruit handling threefold to sixfold, compounding indirect effects of ant invasion on resources and habitat structure that influence bird abundances and behaviours. This invasive ant, whose high densities are sustained through mutualism with introduced scale insects, rapidly decreases fruit handling by endemic island birds and may erode a key ecological function, seed dispersal. Because most other invasive ant species form expansive, high-density supercolonies that depend in part on association with hemipteran mutualists, the effects that we report here on avian frugivore–plant associations may emerge across their introduced ranges.
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Muscalus, Alexandra, and Kevin Haas. "CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC PROCESSES DRIVING TIDAL RIVER ISLAND SHORELINE CHANGE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.currents.59.
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Bird/Long Island is a dredge-spoil island located between the north and south channels near the inlet of the Savannah River at the border of Georgia and South Carolina. The island is in a tidally dominant environment and contains cultural and natural resources, including remnants of a Civil War era artillery battery. As a wetland mitigation bank, it is particularly important to the state of Georgia. However, these resources are under threat from documented and ongoing sea level rise, shoreline change (i.e., erosion and accretion) from natural and anthropogenic causes, and land subsidence. In addition to substantial tidal and freshwater flows, the island is subject to locally-generated wind waves primarily from northeast winds, as well as wake from the large container ships transiting to and from the Port of Savannah. A previous study examined the effects of wind and vessel-generated waves on shoreline retreat for the Fort Pulaski National Monument on nearby Cockspur Island (Houser, 2010). The study concluded that while the vessel-generated waves account for nearly 25% of the energy, the wind waves during storm events with increased water levels accounted for the majority of the marsh retreat. Although the proximity of this previous study site to Bird/Long Island is relevant, the different orientations of the islands and the narrowing of the channel create a different hydrodynamic environment. The present work uses field data to characterize the hydrodynamic processes affecting Bird/Long Island, which will improve modeling of its shoreline change.
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Badaruddin, Ernywati, Manuel Kaya, and Ivonne R. G. Kaya. "Wildlife Bio-Geography on Mangrove Communities in Saparua Island, Maluku." Tropical Small Island Agriculture Management 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/tsiam.2021.1.1.38.
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On the island of Nusalaut, an orange crested white cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) was found. The interviews with several community leaders from the island of Nusalaut, including Raja Negeri Sila, reveal that there have been no Cacatua moluccensis birds in recent years worldwide Nusalaut. it is predicted that the Cacatua moluccensis bird has moved to Saparua island as the closest island. This bird is no longer found because of changes in the forest's structure and composition into agricultural land for cloves (Eugenia aromatica) because it does not need shade trees. The mangrove community along the coast of the island of Saparua for the last few years has experienced various pressures of development dynamics that have disrupted their lives. Therefore, at the same time, they impact the activities of wildlife that use them as habitat. This research was conducted by applying direct and indirect survey methods to determine the types and distribution of the mangrove community's wildlife inhabitants, both permanently and temporally. Seven species of mammals use the mangrove communities in Saparua Bay, Haria Bay and Tuhaha Bay, nine reptile species, and 18 species of birds.
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Brattstrom, Bayard H. "Bárcena Volcano, 1952: a 60-year report on the repopulation of San Benedicto Island, Mexico, with a review of the ecological impacts of disastrous events." Pacific Conservation Biology 21, no. 1 (2015): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc14903.
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Long-term ecological studies are desirable, but rare. I here present data from a 60-year study on the repopulation of San Benedicto Island following a volcano eruption in 1952. Bárcena Volcano appeared on 1 August 1952 on San Benedicto Island, Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico. Within 20 min, the entire island was engulfed in a cloud of ash and pumice, which covered all the plants, killed an estimated 20 000 sea birds within hours and caused the subsequent extinction of an endemic race of rock wren (Salpinctes obsoleta exsul). The results of studies on revegetation and repopulation of the island for the first 10 years after the volcanic eruption were summarised by Brattstrom in 1963. This report extends the studies to 2012. The distribution of the land crab (Aegecarcinus planatus) has increased on the island. By 1971 the crab occurred only over the northern one-eighth of the island, but by 1978 it could be found on one-third of the island. No studies on its distribution have been made since then. Total sea bird populations steadily increased up to 1971 and then rapidly declined, though these changes in numbers are largely due to a fluctuation in the populations of the masked booby (Sula dactylatra). The changes in the booby population may have been due to reproductive and feeding success or to immigration and emigration. The decline in the shearwater (Puffinus ssp.) populations are largely due to erosion and destruction of their burrows; their numbers did not increase until 2000. The formation of a large lava delta created a new habitat, which permitted the establishment of a species of sea bird new to the island, the red-footed booby (Sula sula). Numerous non-resident waifs or stray birds have been observed on the island but most have not become established. The exception is the Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis), breeding at present in low (3–712) numbers. The original flora consisted of 10 species. The volcano caused four species to become extinct, two re-established themselves, and two species new to the island arrived. There have been marked erosional changes, and the accidental introduction of exotic plants may dramatically alter the vegetation of the island.
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Nelson, Nicky. "SCB-A Newsletter September 2006." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 3 (2006): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060165.
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The new Editor of Pacific Conservation Biology, Ian McLean, brings a wealth of Pacific experience to his new job. Ian is originally from central North Island, New Zealand. His earliest research experiences as an undergraduate and MSc student were with endangered bird species on the conservation islands near Auckland. Ian then spent some years in Canada, where he worked on ground squirrels in the Yukon and in Alberta. After several years teaching at the University of British Columbia (plus more bird research) he returned to an academic position at the University of Canterbury, which he held for 10 years. During that period he ran a peripatetic research programme encompassing behavioural, ecological and conservatron issues in forest birds, penguins and marine mammals.
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BOND, ALEXANDER L., M. DE L. BROOKE, RICHARD J. CUTHBERT, JENNIFER L. LAVERS, GREGORY T. W. MCCLELLAND, THOMAS CHURCHYARD, ANGUS DONALDSON, et al. "Population status of four endemic land bird species after an unsuccessful rodent eradication on Henderson Island." Bird Conservation International 29, no. 1 (April 10, 2018): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270918000072.
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SummaryInvasive rodents detrimentally affect native bird species on many islands worldwide, and rodent eradication is a useful tool to safeguard endemic and threatened species. However, especially on tropical islands, rodent eradications can fail for various reasons, and it is unclear whether the temporary reduction of a rodent population during an unsuccessful eradication operation has beneficial effects on native birds. Here we examine the response of four endemic land bird species on subtropical Henderson Island in the Pitcairn Island Group, South Pacific Ocean, following an unsuccessful rodent eradication in 2011. We conducted point counts at 25 sampling locations in 14 survey periods between 2011 and 2015, and modelled the abundance trends of all species using binomial mixture models accounting for observer and environmental variation in detection probability. Henderson Reed Warbler Acrocephalus taiti more than doubled in abundance (2015 population estimate: 7,194-28,776), and Henderson Fruit Dove Ptilinopus insularis increased slightly between 2011 and 2015 (2015 population estimate: 4,476–10,072), while we detected no change in abundance of the Henderson Lorikeet Vini stepheni (2015 population estimate: 554–3014). Henderson Crake Zapornia atra increased to pre-eradication levels following anticipated mortality during the operation (2015 population estimate: 4,960–20,783). A temporary reduction of rat predation pressure and rat competition for fruit may have benefitted the reed warbler and the fruit dove, respectively. However, a long drought may have naturally suppressed bird populations prior to the rat eradication operation in 2011, potentially confounding the effects of temporary rat reduction and natural recovery. We therefore cannot unequivocally ascribe the population recovery to the temporary reduction of the rat population. We encourage robust monitoring of island biodiversity both before and after any management operation to better understand responses of endemic species to failed or successful operations.
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Rutt, Cameron L. "Avifaunal inventory of Laysan Island, Hawaii, USA." Check List 13, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 2066. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/13.2.2066.
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Here I present a 6-month bird inventory of Laysan (25.776° N, 171.733° W), a coral island in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Forty-four species belonging to 17 families were recorded, including six globally threatened species. Three species new to Laysan were found: Tringa brevipes, Tringa glareola, and Larus hyperboreus. This study expands upon previous ornithological coverage of the island, the majority of which has been partial, transitory, or historical.
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Saunders, DA, and Rebeira CP de. "Turnover in Breeding Bird Populations on Rottnest I. Western Australia." Wildlife Research 12, no. 3 (1985): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850467.
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The avifauna of Rottnest Island, W.A., has been surveyed four times between 1904 and 1983: by Lawson in 1904, Glauert (1928), Storr between 1953 and 1962, and ourselves between 1981 and 1983. There were three recorded extinctions and 10 immigrations in the 79-year period, but none of the extinctions and only three of the immigrations could be regarded as valid for calculating natural turnover rates. The remainder had been influenced by human activity; therefore the avifauna extinction rate for Rottnest Island was 0, the immigration rate was 0.04% per year for non-marine species of bird and the relative turnover rate for the 79 years was 0.12% per year. These results for Rottnest I. support the view of Abbott (1978, 1980) that for Australian islands, immigrations and extinctions are infrequent and turnover of breeding species is also infrequent. There have been 109 sightings of vagrants recorded for the island between 1905 and 1983; only one of these had individuals present in sufficient numbers during the breeding season to establish a breeding population. The data show that for one Australian island natural extinctions of both passerines and non-passerines are rare. Water does act as a barrier and although birds do cross water and often appear as vagrants, they very rarely do so in sufficient numbers or at the right time to establish breeding populations.
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LALA, FREDY. "Kemapanan Burung Bentet Kelabu (Lanius schach) Asal Yogyakarta di Pulau Salibabu / The Establishment of Gray Bentet Bird (Lanius schach) from Yogyakarta in Salibabu Island." Buletin Palma 17, no. 1 (September 26, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bp.v17n1.2016.25-34.
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<p>The Gray Bentet bird (Lanius schach) is one of the potential predators as biological agents against grasshopper pests. As many as 30 males and 10 females of the Gray Bentet birds had been introduced from Yogyakarta to Salibabu Island, Talaud Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province, for controlling coconut pest namely Sexava nubila grasshopper. The establishment, development, and biology of the Gray Bentet birds were studied at District of Moronge in Salibabu Island, from August 2011 to July 2012. Establishment of the Gray Bentet bird was indicated by its population, dispersal, and the resulted new generation. Results showed that the Gray Bentet bird was very successfully established and well developed in Salibabu Island. At 3 months after release as many as 20 birds were rediscovered and they had dispersed as far as 6 – 15 km away from the release site. The new generation of as many as 2 birds were discovered at 9 months after releasing of their parents. Biology of the Gray Bentet birds in Salibabu Island was similar with that in their origin in Yogyakarta. A single female produced 4 eggs per reproductive period for 3-4 days, with sex ratio of 3 males : 1 female. Producing eggs frequency was twice per year. The first mating occurred when the Gray Bentet birds was at 9 months old. The Gray Bentet bird belonged to insectivorous group, diurnal birds, and it attacks moving preys. The predatory bird developed well in Salibabu Island and it was a promising biological control agent against the pest of S. nubila.</p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Burung Bentet kelabu <em>Lanius schach </em>merupakan salah satu predator yang berpotensi sebagai agens hayati hama belalang. Sebanyak 30 ekor burung jantan dan 10 ekor betina telah diintroduksikan dari Yogyakarta ke Pulau Salibabu, Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, untuk pengendalian hama kelapa, belalang <em>Sexava</em> <em>nubila</em>. Kemapanan, perkembangan, dan biologi burung ini dikaji<em> </em>di Kecamatan Moronge, Pulau Salibabu, sejak bulan Agustus 2011 sampai Juli 2012. Kemapanan burung <em>L. schach</em> diukur berdasarkan populasi, pemencaran, dan generasi baru. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa burung <em>L. schach</em> berhasil mapan dan berkembang dengan baik di Pulau Salibabu. Pada tiga bulan sesudah pelepasan sebanyak 20 ekor ditemukan kembali dan telah memencar sejauh 6-15 km dari tempat pelepasan. Burung generasi baru sebanyak 2 ekor ditemukan pada saat 9 bulan setelah pelepasan induknya. Biologi <em>L.</em> s<em>chach</em> di Pulau Salibabu mirip dengan di daerah asalnya Yogyakarta. Seekor betina bertelur sebanyak 4 butir/periode bertelur. Masa bertelur selama 3-4 hari. Frekuensi bertelur dua kali per tahun. Sex ratio 3 jantan : 1 betina. Burung <em>L. schach</em> kawin pertama kali saat berumur sekitar 9 bulan. Burung<em> </em>ini termasuk golongan pemakan serangga, aktif pada siang hari, dan memburu mangsa yang bergerak. Burung predator ini berkembang dengan baik dan merupakan agens pengendalian hayati yang menjanjikan terhadap hama <em>S. nubila</em> di Pulau Salibabu.<span style="text-decoration: line-through;"><br /></span></p>
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Kawakami, Kazuto, and Hiroyoshi Higuchi. "Bird predation by domestic cats on Hahajima Island, Bonin Islands, Japan." ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 1, no. 2 (2002): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2326/osj.1.143.
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Hameed, Sultan, Henry H. Norwood, Michael Flanagan, Steven Feldstein, and Chien-hsiung Yang. "The Influence of El Niño on the Spring Fallout of Asian Bird Species at Attu Island." Earth Interactions 13, no. 7 (August 1, 2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009ei272.1.
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Abstract Several studies have documented the effect of the recent secular climate warming on the distributions and geographical ranges of birds. Here the authors report the strong impact of a recurring climatic pattern in the equatorial Pacific, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle of warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) events, on spring migrants along the Far Eastern flyway in northeast Asia. In El Niño years, an unusually large number of birds that use the flyway are observed at Attu Island, westernmost of the Aleutian Islands, nearly 960 km away from the Asian coast. This study is based on a 20-yr dataset documenting the year-to-year variation of Asian birds arriving on Attu in the spring season and uses a three-phased analytical methodology to examine climate impacts on bird movements and populations. The authors offer evidence that birds are displaced toward the Attu area in strong eastward-moving storms. They also present results from a reverse trajectory model that was used to simulate trajectories that a sample of Attu arrivals likely followed in reaching the island. In a statistical analysis, it is shown that 79% of the variation of the Asian birds is explained by a single climate variable: sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific in the previous fall. It is the rise in sea surface temperature in this region, more than 8000 km from Attu, that characterizes the onset of an El Niño episode. Examining those years for which there was a strong ENSO signal in the fall, it is found that the following May is characterized by anomalously strong westerly winds in the northwest Pacific, conditions that are appropriate for large Asian bird fallouts at Attu. Because of the time lag between the fall sea surface temperatures in the El Niño region and the spring Asian bird count at Attu, and the strong correlation between these two quantities, the number of Asian birds arriving at Attu in spring is predictable in the previous autumn. Such predictions are presented for several years.
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Purger, Jenő J. "The first detailed ornithological description of the island of Žirje (Croatia)." Ornis Hungarica 23, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2015-0015.
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Abstract Ornithofauna of the island of Žirje has not been explored yet. During an early and late survey in September of 2013 and 2014 altogether 50 bird species were recorded, 34 and 41 species was noted including both migratory and resident species in the two parts of the month, respectively. Nine species appeared only at the first half, while 16 species were registered only at the second half of the mouth. The results of this preliminary survey showed the obvious need for more intensive research of the island’s bird fauna, with special attention on nesting and wintering birds.
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Finley, James K. "Offshore Flight of Buffleheads, Bucephala albeola, After Twilight in Winter: An Anti-Predation Tactic?" Canadian Field-Naturalist 121, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v121i4.508.
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In winter, on Vancouver Island, Buffleheads depart from coastal marine feeding habitat shortly after the onset of civil twilight. This precisely-timed phenomenon may have evolved in response to predation pressure from Peregrine Falcons, Falco peregrinus. The dual habitat requirements of Buffleheads in Shoal Harbour Migratory Bird Sanctuary (1931) and Sidney Channel Important Bird Area are to be included within the proposed Gulf Islands National Marine Conservation Area.
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Sandvig, Erik M., Tim Coulson, and Sonya M. Clegg. "The effect of insularity on avian growth rates and implications for insular body size evolution." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1894 (January 9, 2019): 20181967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1967.
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Island populations often differ in consistent ways from their mainland counterparts with respect to their ecology, behaviour, morphology, demography and life-history characteristics; a set of changes referred to as the ‘island syndrome’. To understand the ecological and evolutionary drivers of the island syndrome requires characterization of suites of interacting traits. While patterns in some types of traits, e.g. body size, are well characterized across a range of taxa, key gaps remain. Growth rate is one such trait, being an important determinant of both increases and decreases in body size, and can vary with changes in predation pressure and food limitation; two factors that are known to differ between mainland and island environments. Using a phylogenetic meta-analytic approach, we characterize differences in growth rates among mainland and island altricial bird populations, controlling for environmental factors. We found a trend towards slower growth on islands in small-bodied (less than 1 kg) bird species. This is consistent with the idea that the pattern of body size increases in small-bodied island colonists is associated with the evolution of slower growth combined with shifts in age and size at maturity in relaxed predation regimes.
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Camp, Richard J., Kevin W. Brinck, P. Marcos Gorresen, Fred A. Amidon, Paul M. Radley, S. Paul Berkowitz, and Paul C. Banko. "Current Land Bird Distribution and Trends in Population Abundance Between 1982 and 2012 on Rota, Mariana Islands." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 511–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/112014-jfwm-085.
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Abstract The western Pacific island of Rota is the fourth largest human-inhabited island in the Mariana archipelago and designated an Endemic Bird Area. Between 1982 and 2012, 12 point-transect distance-sampling surveys were conducted to assess bird population status. Surveys did not consistently sample the entire island; thus, we used a ratio estimator to estimate bird abundances in strata not sampled during every survey. Trends in population size were reliably estimated for 11 of 13 bird species, and 7 species declined over the 30-y time series, including the island collared-dove Streptopelia bitorquata, white-throated ground-dove Gallicolumba xanthonura, Mariana fruit-dove Ptilinopus roseicapilla, collared kingfisher Todiramphus chloris orii, Micronesian myzomela Myzomela rubratra, black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus, and Mariana crow Corvus kubaryi. The endangered Mariana crow (x̄ = 81 birds, 95% CI 30–202) declined sharply to fewer than 200 individuals in 2012, down from 1,491 birds in 1982 (95% CI = 815–3,115). Trends increased for white tern Gygis alba, rufous fantail Rhipidura rufifrons mariae, and Micronesian starling Aplonis opaca. Numbers of the endangered Rota white-eye Zosterops rotensis declined from 1982 to the late 1990s but returned to 1980s levels by 2012, resulting in an overall stable trend. Trends for the yellow bittern Ixobrychus sinensis were inconclusive. Eurasian tree sparrow Passer montanus trends were not assessed; however, their numbers in 1982 and 2012 were similar. Occupancy models of the 2012 survey data revealed general patterns of land cover use and detectability among 12 species that could be reliably modeled. Occupancy was not assessed for the Eurasian tree sparrow because of insufficient detections. Based on the 2012 survey, bird distribution and abundance across Rota revealed three general patterns: 1) range restriction, including Mariana crow, Rota white-eye, and Eurasian tree sparrow; 2) widespread distribution, low abundance, including collared kingfisher, island collared-dove, white-throated ground-dove, Mariana fruit-dove, white tern, yellow bittern, black drongo, and Micronesian myzomela; and 3) widespread distribution, high abundance, including rufous fantail and Micronesian starling. The Mariana crow was dispersed around the periphery of the island in steep forested land-cover types. In contrast, the Rota white-eye was restricted to the high-elevation mesa. Only for the white-throated ground-dove was there a significant difference among cover types, with lower occupancy in open field than in forested areas. Vegetation was included in the best-fit occupancy models for yellow bittern, black drongo, Micronesian myzomela, and Micronesian starling, but vegetation type was not a significant variable nor included in the top models for the remaining five species: white tern, island collared-dove, Mariana fruit-dove, collared kingfisher, and rufous fantail. Given declining population trends, the Rota bird-monitoring program could benefit from establishing threshold and alert limits and identifying alternative research and management actions. Continued monitoring and demographic sampling, in conjunction with ecological studies, are needed to understand why most bird species on Rota are declining, identify the causative agents, and assess effectiveness of conservation actions, especially for the Mariana crow.