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Academic literature on the topic 'Bird food storage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bird food storage"
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Fay, Francis H., and Robert O. Stephenson. "Annual, seasonal, and habitat-related variation in feeding habits of the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) on St. Lawrence Island, Bering Sea." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 1986–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-283.
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Small rodents, especially northern voles (Microtus oeconomus), were the most frequently occurring prey in the stomach contents and scats of arctic foxes collected on St. Lawrence Island between 1955 and 1970. Annual variations in the winter occurrence of voles in the stomach contents correlated well with variations in population density of the voles in the previous summer. However, when the foxes' summer dens were in or near large marine bird colonies, birds predominated in the diet. Even in winter, birds tended to occur more frequently in the diet of foxes trapped on bird cliffs than on the tundra. Since the birds are absent from the cliffs in winter, these evidently were from cached supplies. In terms of biomass, birds were of equal or greater importance than voles in the overall diet, and marine mammal carrion became most important in winter and early spring, when live prey were scarce. Although populations of live prey were abundant and readily accessible in summer, they were absent or inaccessible in winter; hence, even in this area of abundance, storage of food was essential for survival of foxes through the cold months.
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Hill, Joseph E., Daniel L. Burke, and George N. Rowland. "Hepatopathy and Lymphosarcoma in a Mynah Bird with Excessive Iron Storage." Avian Diseases 30, no. 3 (July 1986): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1590438.
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Zanetti, Leonardo Henrique, Alice Eiko Murakami, Mayra Diaz-Vargas, Ana Flávia Quiles Garcia Guerra, Ivan Camilo Ospina-Rojas, Paula Toshimi Matumoto Pintro, and Valquíria Cação Cruz-Polycarpo. "By-product of passion fruit seed (Passiflora edulis) in the diet of commercial laying hens." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 96, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2016-0027.
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This study evaluated the effects of the inclusion of the by-product passion fruit seed (BPFS) in the diet of laying hens on performance, blood variables, quality, and lipid oxidation in eggs. A total of 384 Hy-line W36 layers (32 wk old) were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six treatments (control, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, and 12.5% inclusion of BPFS), eight replicates and eight birds each. The productive performance was evaluated for three cycles of 28 d each. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in egg production and feed conversion. However, feed intake showed increased linearly (P < 0.05). The egg weight, egg mass, percentage of eggshell, eggshell thickness, and Haugh unit did not differ (P > 0.05); however, the specific gravity of eggs increased (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol and blood triglycerides decreased linearly (P < 0.05). To evaluate the lipid yolk oxidation, a 6 × 5 × 2 factorial design (six levels of BPFS × five storage periods × two temperatures) was used. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) among the levels of BPFS, time, and storage temperature with the lowest oxidation level of 12.5% when eggs were refrigerated. The BPFS can be included at a level up to 5.0% without compromising bird performance and 12.5% for egg quality, and this level reduced yolk lipid oxidation.
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Prokopy, Ronald J., Sylvia S. Cooley, Luis Galarza, Christopher Bergweiler, and Carol R. Lauzon. "BIRD DROPPINGS COMPETE WITH BAIT SPRAYS FOR RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (WALSH) FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 125, no. 3 (June 1993): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent125413-3.
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AbstractPublished studies have shown inconsistent effects of proteinaceous bait sprays against apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh). Explanations of inconsistency could involve the presence of natural food such as bird droppings competing with bait sprays for attraction of flies. Under field, semi-field, or laboratory conditions, we found that: (1) aqueous solutions of 10% proteinaceous bait (Nulure) were significantly more attractive than water to protein-denied but not to protein-provided apple maggot flies; (2) addition of 2% toxicant (malathion 50 EC) did not affect attractiveness of Nulure droplets but did significantly deter feeding by arriving protein-provided flies (though not protein-denied flies); (3) droppings collected from barn swallows, chickens, and unidentified birds on apple trees were significantly more attractive than solutions or droplets of Nulure to protein-denied flies; (4) droppings that were freshly deposited or fresh from cold storage were significantly less attractive than droppings held under ambient conditions for 1 or 2 days; (5) droppings allowed to dry for 1 day at 25 °C, 60% RH were no less attractive than droppings that received water to simulate dew or rainfall; and (6) droppings treated with antibiotics were significantly less attractive than droppings not treated with antibiotics, indicating that bacteria may be involved in generating attractive volatiles. Together, these findings suggest that in situations where natural sources of protein such as bird droppings or insect honeydew are abundant, apple maggot flies may be relatively unaffected by addition of proteinaceous bait to insecticide sprays.
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Farine, Damien R., and Stephen D. J. Lang. "The early bird gets the worm: foraging strategies of wild songbirds lead to the early discovery of food sources." Biology Letters 9, no. 6 (December 23, 2013): 20130578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0578.
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Animals need to manage the combined risks of predation and starvation in order to survive. Theoretical and empirical studies have shown that individuals can reduce predation risk by delaying feeding (and hence fat storage) until late afternoon. However, little is known about how individuals manage the opposing pressures of resource uncertainty and predation risks. We suggest that individuals should follow a two-part strategy: prioritizing the discovery of food early in the day and exploiting the best patch late in the day. Using automated data loggers, we tested whether a temporal component exists in the discovery of novel foraging locations by individuals in a mixed-species foraging guild. We found that food deployed in the morning was discovered significantly more often than food deployed in the afternoon. Based on the diurnal activity patterns in this population, overall rates of new arrivals were also significantly higher than expected in the morning and significantly lower than expected in the afternoon. These results align with our predictions of a shift from patch discovery to exploitation over the course of the day.
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Subbotina, Yu M. "MICROBIOLOGICAL AND BIOCENOTIC UTILIZATION OF BIRD DROPPINGS BY NATURAL BIOCENOSES." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 3 (2020): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202003009.
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The problem of waste disposal of poultry production is considered. The properties of bird droppings are analyzed, depending on the condition and feeding of the bird. The morphological composition of poultry manure is given, and the value of 1 ton of bird droppings to mineral fertilizer is compared. Bird droppings has a feature – a narrow ratio of carbon and nitrogen, that’s why the litter is mineralized much faster by the soil microflora. It is also emphasized that wrong storage of bird droppings leads to loss of nitrogen, which can reach 50%. Various technologies for disposing of droppings by microorganisms are considered, using the California worm and housefly larvae. Bioenergetic methods of litter utilization are analyzed in detail. The article comprehensively examines the processes of anaerobic fermentation of manure and the production of biogas-methane, notes the dependence of biogas formation on temperature, and emphasizes that mesophyll and psychophile bacteria participate in the formation of biogas. Then the biogas is used to generate electricity and heat the premises. In addition to thermo and mesophilic fermentation, the disposal of bird droppings using vermiculture and red housefly is considered. The positive aspects of these technologies are described, namely, the production of biohumus, which binds and neutralizes heavy metals, in the process of utilization, phytohormones are produced by microflora, being used in crop production, they accelerate the growth of plants by 4-6 times, help to resist diseases and pests of agricultural crops. The article notes the high effect of using the larvae of the house fly (Musca domestica L), which was thoroughly tested by the Federal Science Center of Animal Husbandry under the guidance of academician L.K. Ernst. The high efficiency of using fly larvae is emphasized, where scientists note that in addition to the membrane and intracellular mechanism of digestion, induced autolysis is added (joint digestion of food by the "host" and "victim" enzymes in the host's gastrointestinal tract). Specialists get chitin and chitosin of high quality from fly larvae. Derivatives of these compounds are used in the food, perfume, pharmaceutical, and medical industries, moreover, chitosin is the polymer of the future. It increases the resistance of animals to infectious diseases by 10-15 %.
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Waite, Thomas A., and Dan Strickland. "Climate change and the demographic demise of a hoarding bird living on the edge." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1603 (August 15, 2006): 2809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3667.
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Population declines along the lower-latitude edge of a species' range may be diagnostic of climate change. We report evidence that climate change has contributed to deteriorating reproductive success in a rapidly declining population of the grey jay ( Perisoreus canadensis ) at the southern edge of its range. This non-migratory bird of boreal and subalpine forest lives on permanent territories, where it hoards enormous amounts of food for winter and then breeds very early, under still-wintry conditions. We hypothesized that warmer autumns have increased the perishability of hoards and compromised subsequent breeding attempts. Our analysis confirmed that warm autumns, especially when followed by cold late winters, have led to delayed breeding and reduced reproductive success. Our findings uniquely show that weather months before the breeding season impact the timing and success of breeding. Warm autumns apparently represent hostile conditions for this species, because it relies on cold storage. Our study population may be especially vulnerable, because it is situated at the southern edge of the range, where the potential for hoard rot is most pronounced. This population's demise may signal a climate-driven range contraction through local extinctions along the trailing edge.
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Shahmohammadi, Amir, James B. P. Lim, and George Charles Clifton. "Portal Frames with a Novel Cold-Formed Tapered Box-Section." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.301.
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This paper introduces a novel steel portal frame system, in which cold-formed nested tapered box members are used in the design. The bird and dust proofing features of the system make it useful for applications where clean work areas are required, such as food, storage, and manufacturing industries. The new section used in the portal frames comprises two cold-formed channels welded to each other, forming a box-shaped steel member, either tapered or prismatic along its length. Such sections possess high torsional stiffness compared with the conventional I-sections; therefore, lateral bracing employed for the flexural-torsional buckling suppression of I section portal frames is mostly unnecessary. A comparative study, taking into account the cost of steel, painting, bird proofing and lateral bracing, is conducted between a number of portal frames with the proposed box-sections and the conventional I-sections. An analysis and design code, incorporating the Genetic Algorithm (GA), is developed to optimise the weight of the designed frames. The results indicate that the novel portal frame system is economically viable with additional benefits of bird and dust proofing. To investigate the failure modes and verify design procedure of the new portal frame, an experimental testing program is undertaken in University of Auckland. The test results show excellent behaviour and good agreement with the numerical models but have been completed too recently to be included in this paper.
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CARRAMIÑANA, JUAN J., JAVIER YANGÜELA, DOMINGO BLANCO, CARMINA ROTA, ANA I. AGUSTIN, AGUSTIN ARIÑO, and ANTONIO HERRERA. "Salmonella Incidence and Distribution of Serotypes throughout Processing in a Spanish Poultry Slaughterhouse." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.11.1312.
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A survey of contamination with Salmonella spp. was done at 11 sampling sites in a poultry slaughter establishment in Spain for a total of 192 samples. Samples included fecal material, utensils, water, and poultry carcasses and livers at several stages of processing. Salmonella incidence rates increased from 30% in fecal material collected from incoming birds to 60% in air-chilled carcasses and 80% in cold-stored livers, indicating that cross-contamination occurred. The rate of incidence of Salmonella organisms on carcasses averaged 56.7% through post-picking to post-air chilling and reached a maximum of 70% on carcasses at the post-spray wash site. Poultry livers were more heavily contaminated with salmonellae, as 55% and 80% samples after evisceration and cold storage, respectively, were positive for those pathogenic bacteria. From a total of 112 strains isolated, 87 (77.6%) were S. enteritidis, 7 (6.2%) Salmonella serotype 4,5,12:b:-(II), and 6 (5.4%) Salmonella serotype 4,12:b:-(II), and the remaining 12 strains were equally distributed among S. typhimurium. S. virchow, and S. blockley (3.6% each). Serotypes isolated from feces were later detected in matched carcasses and livers indicating a cross-contamination of carcasses by endogenous microflora in bird feces. The incidence of Salmonella serotype 4,5, 12:b:-(II) and that of S. typhimurium were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in samples obtained prior to evisceration than in those collected after that particular step. The situation with S. enteritidis was quite the reverse, since this serotype was more frequently detected in samples taken after the evisceration step (P < 0.01).
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Naguman, P. N., A. A. Zhorabek, A. S. Amanzholova, I. V. Kulakov, and A. N. Rakhimbaeva. "PHYTONCIDES IN THE COMPOSITION OF COMMON BIRD CHERRY." SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 447, no. 3 (June 12, 2021): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.53.
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Everyone knows that forest air is very good for health, and one of the most important reasons for this is the presence of phytoncides in it, which kill or suppress pathogens and have a healing effect. Also, phytoncides are one of the factors of the natural immunity of plants (plants sterilize themselves with the products of their vital activity). Their large number is allocated by plants. One of them is the common bird cherry. Cherry-a representative of the genus of plums of the Rosaceae family. The view includes low trees and shrubs. Cheremukha-forest orderly. Its flowers and leaves are rich in phytoncides, thanks to which they exude an alluring aroma. However, when they break down, they release prussic acid, which is dangerous for all living things. This gave them the opportunity to attract and destroy pests. Phytoncides are volatile biologically active substances formed by plants that kill or inhibit the growth and development of bacteria, microscopic fungi, and protozoa. In addition to all of the above, bird cherry has exceptional properties. The strong, somewhat intoxicating scent of flowers and leaves cleanses the air of germs. Antimicrobial properties of phytoncides have led to a large number of studies on their use in medicine, veterinary medicine, plant protection, storage of fruit and vegetable products, in the food industry and other areas of practice. Almost all parts of the plant have bactericidal, fungicidal and insecticidal properties. In folk medicine, bird cherry has long been used as an astringent, fixing, anti-inflammatory and anti-scurvy agent. Bird cherry produces the most powerful phytoncides containing prussic acid. Protozoa die under the influence of bird cherry phytoncides in 5 minutes. On the basis of numerous studies, the time of death of protozoa after noncontact exposure to phytoncidal plants has been established. Especially a lot of phytoncides are released by young leaves in spring and summer, in autumn phytoncides are released much less. The presence of tannins and essential oil in the fruit has an anti-inflammatory effect, which is used to treat inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract and dysentery. The infusion of cherry fruits has a destructive effect on microorganisms. Preparations of the fruits of the common cherry have an antiseptic effect. They are used in dental practice in the treatment of inflammatory processes of the oral mucosa, paradontosis, toothache and hypovitaminosis.
Book chapters on the topic "Bird food storage"
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Scott, Graham. "Movement: migration and navigation." In Essential Ornithology, 48–72. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804741.003.0003.
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Using migration and navigation as a focus, this chapter looks at the movements of birds. The genetic, hormonal, and physiological control of migration is analysed as are the evolution of migratory strategies and routes. Particular emphasis is given to fuelling migration and the significance of stop-over behaviours during migratory movements. The conservation implications of migration and of movement in general are considered, and the impact upon migratory fuelling of neonicotinoids pesticides are discussed. Sections examining innate and learned route finding and the migratory cues (sun, stars, magnetic field, etc) used by birds to determine their location, and the direction in which they need to travel to arrive at a goal, are given. The role of memory in place finding and food storage is considered, as is the neurology of spatial memory. Techniques used by ornithologists to study bird movement are explained throughout the chapter.
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Sherry, David F. "Food Storage by Birds and Mammals." In Advances in the Study of Behavior, 153–88. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60489-1.
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Koenig, W. D., and P. B. Stacey. "Acorn Woodpeckers: group-living and food storage under contrasting ecological conditions." In Cooperative Breeding in Birds, 413–54. Cambridge University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511752452.015.
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Davis, David A. "Faulkner’s Stores: Microfinance and Economic Power in the Postbellum South." In Faulkner and Money, 156–68. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496822529.003.0011.
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After the Civil War, stores played a crucial role in the redevelopment of the South's economy. Landowner-merchants used crop liens, loans against the value of a crop, as contracts to bind laborers to the land through debt and dependency. The landowner-merchants provided food, seeds, fertilizer, and all of the other items necessary to live and raise a crop for a season, but they charged exorbitant interest on the items, and the cost of the charges was deducted from the value of their share of the crop. Faulkner depicts the stores as a system of coercive microfinance in several of his novels. In Absalom, Absalom, Thomas Sutpen opens a store when he returns from the war to rebuild his plantation. In The Hamlet, Flem Snopes uses Jody Varner's store as the vehicle for his social mobility, and in The Sound and the Fury, Jason Compson works in a store while investing in the cotton commodities market.