Journal articles on the topic 'Bird behaviour'
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Erfianto, Bayu, and Intan Muchtadi-Alamsyah. "Stability and Vulnerability of Bird Flocking Behaviour: A Mathematical Analysis." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 26, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.26.4.179.
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Given a large number of birds in the flock, we mathematically investigate the mechanism the birds move in a collective behavior. We assume that each bird is able to know its position and velocity of other birds within a radius of communication. Thus, to be able to fly in the flock, a bird has to adjust its position and velocity according to his neighbors. For this purpose, first of all, we analyze how the connectedness of the bird interaction network affects the cohesion of the stable bird flock. We further analyze a condition when the flock is vulnerable, which is mathematically indicated by means of the presence of an articulation point in bird communication network.
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Zentall, Thomas. "Bird minds: Cognition and behaviour of Australian native birds." Animal Behaviour 114 (April 2016): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.01.018.
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Hammers, Martijn, and Lyanne Brouwer. "Rescue behaviour in a social bird: removal of sticky ‘bird-catcher tree’ seeds by group members." Behaviour 154, no. 4 (2017): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003428.
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Rescue behaviour is a special form of cooperation in which a rescuer exhibits behaviours directed towards averting a threat to an endangered individual, thereby potentially putting itself at risk. Although rescue behaviour has been well-documented in experimental studies on rats and ants, published cases in other non-human animals are rare. Here, we report observations of rescue behaviour in the cooperatively breeding Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis). In this species, individuals sometimes become entangled in seed clusters of ‘bird-catcher trees’ (Pisonia grandis). Just one or a few of these sticky seeds can prevent Seychelles warblers to fly and may lead to mortality. In four cases, individuals were observed displaying behaviour aimed at removing sticky seeds from the feathers of an entangled individual belonging to their group. Intriguingly, the rescuing individuals engaged in this behaviour despite potentially risking entanglement. To our knowledge, this is the first recorded case of rescue behaviour in birds.
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MORRIS, SARA R. "BIRD NESTS AND CONSTRUCTION BEHAVIOUR." Wilson Bulletin 113, no. 4 (December 2001): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2001)113[0469:]2.0.co;2.
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Poulson, Holger. "BREEDING EXPERIMENTS AND BIRD BEHAVIOUR." International Zoo Yearbook 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1962.tb03417.x.
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Rapaport, Lisa G. "Parenting Behaviour: Babbling Bird Teachers?" Current Biology 16, no. 17 (September 2006): R675—R677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.012.
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Gross, Michael. "Tuning in to bird behaviour." Current Biology 31, no. 14 (July 2021): R879—R882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.008.
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Phibbs, D. V., P. J. Groves, and W. I. Muir. "Leg health of meat chickens: impact on welfare, consumer behaviour, and the role of environmental enrichment." Animal Production Science 61, no. 12 (2021): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19511.
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The Australian and global chicken meat industries have benefited from rapid improvements in the efficiency of chicken meat production that have been predominantly achieved through genetic selection, optimisation of bird nutrition and improved bird health. However, this has also resulted in morphological changes in the bird with an increase in the prevalence of leg health disorders. Compromised leg health can cause pain and lameness and bodes poorly for bird wellbeing, bird mortality, and economic returns. There are also implications for the consumer who is increasingly mindful of animal welfare and is demanding more welfare friendly products. Accurate on-farm assessment of bird leg health has challenges due to the diversity of leg disorders and the variety of techniques used to assess their severity and impact. Overall prevalence of leg disorders shows great variability between properties (farms) and flocks. Opportunities to improve bird leg health have been the focus of considerable research which has frequently included an evaluation of environmental enrichment as a means to reduce lameness and improve bird mobility. To this end, currently in Australia, 78% of chicken meat is produced under the conditions of the Australian RSPCA Approved Farming Scheme, which requires perches in the birds’ environment. However, the value of perches in providing enrichment and improving bird welfare is unclear. Therefore, this review explores animal welfare and consumer attitudes towards meat chicken welfare, describes leg disorders, outlines techniques for assessing leg health and discusses opportunities to enrich the birds’ environment to improve bird mobility and leg health.
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Sherwin, C. M., C. M. Heyes, and C. J. Nicol. "Social learning and facilitation of operant key-pecking by domestic hens." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200007249.
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It has been suggested that feather pecking becomes widespread in groups of birds because it is socially learnt. However, a bird pecking the feathers of another seldom gains obvious extrinsic reinforcement for this behaviour (the feather is not always eaten, or material pecked from the plumage). Two aspects of social learning that have received little attention are whether reinforcement of the bird performing the behaviour (the demonstrator) is required for the watching bird (the observer) to learn, and in addition, whether single or multiple exposures to the behaviour are required. In two experiments we used a model behaviour - operant key pecking - to examine the effects of reinforcement of demonstrators (experiment 1) and the effectiveness of repeated demonstrations (experiment 2) on social learning by domestic hens.
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Rolland, Jonathan, Frédéric Jiguet, Knud Andreas Jønsson, Fabien L. Condamine, and Hélène Morlon. "Settling down of seasonal migrants promotes bird diversification." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1784 (June 7, 2014): 20140473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0473.
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How seasonal migration originated and impacted diversification in birds remains largely unknown. Although migratory behaviour is likely to affect bird diversification, previous studies have not detected any effect. Here, we infer ancestral migratory behaviour and the effect of seasonal migration on speciation and extinction dynamics using a complete bird tree of life. Our analyses infer that sedentary behaviour is ancestral, and that migratory behaviour evolved independently multiple times during the evolutionary history of birds. Speciation of a sedentary species into two sedentary daughter species is more frequent than speciation of a migratory species into two migratory daughter species. However, migratory species often diversify by generating a sedentary daughter species in addition to the ancestral migratory one. This leads to an overall higher migratory speciation rate. Migratory species also experience lower extinction rates. Hence, although migratory species represent a minority (18.5%) of all extant birds, they have a higher net diversification rate than sedentary species. These results suggest that the evolution of seasonal migration in birds has facilitated diversification through the divergence of migratory subpopulations that become sedentary, and illustrate asymmetrical diversification as a mechanism by which diversification rates are decoupled from species richness.
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Kanagasabai, Lenin. "Passerine swarm optimization algorithm for solving optimal reactive power dispatch problem." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v9.i2.pp101-109.
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<span>This paper presents Passerine Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSOA) for solving optimal reactive power dispatch problem. This algorithm is based on behaviour of social communications of Passerine bird. Basically, Passerine bird has three common behaviours: search behaviour, adherence behaviour and expedition behaviour. Through the shared communications Passerine bird will search for the food and also run away from hunters. By using the Passerine bird communications and behaviour, five basic rules have been created in the PSOA approach to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch problem. Key aspect is to reduce the real power loss and also to keep the variables within the limits. Proposed Passerine Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSOA) has been tested in standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulations results reveal about the better performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss and enhancing the static voltage stability margin</span>
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Bruderer, B., D. Peter, and T. Steuri. "Behaviour of migrating birds exposed to X-band radar and a bright light beam." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 9 (May 1, 1999): 1015–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.9.1015.
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Radar studies on bird migration assume that the transmitted electromagnetic pulses do not alter the behaviour of the birds, in spite of some worrying reports of observed disturbance. This paper shows that, in the case of the X-band radar ‘Superfledermaus’, no relevant changes in flight behaviour occurred, while a strong light beam provoked important changes. Large sets of routine recordings of nocturnal bird migrants obtained using an X-band tracking radar provided no indication of differing flight behaviour between birds flying at low levels towards the radar, away from it or passing it sideways. Switching the radar transmission on and off, while continuing to track selected bird targets using a passive infrared camera during the switch-off phases of the radar, showed no difference in the birds' behaviour with and without incident radar waves. Tracking single nocturnal migrants while switching on and off a strong searchlight mounted parallel to the radar antenna, however, induced pronounced reactions by the birds: (1) a wide variation of directional shifts averaging 8 degrees in the first and 15 degrees in the third 10 s interval after switch-on; (2) a mean reduction in flight speed of 2–3 m s-1 (15–30 % of normal air speed); and (3) a slight increase in climbing rate. A calculated index of change declined with distance from the source, suggesting zero reaction beyond approximately 1 km. These results revive existing ideas of using light beams on aircraft to prevent bird strikes and provide arguments against the increasing use of light beams for advertising purposes.
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Naish, D. "The fossil record of bird behaviour." Journal of Zoology 292, no. 4 (January 16, 2014): 268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12113.
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Mueller, J. C., P. Edelaar, M. Carrete, D. Serrano, J. Potti, J. Blas, N. J. Dingemanse, B. Kempenaers, and J. L. Tella. "Behaviour-relatedDRD4polymorphisms in invasive bird populations." Molecular Ecology 23, no. 11 (May 17, 2014): 2876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.12763.
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Hasib, Abdullah, Risaldi Muhamad, Talita Yuanda Reksa, Alvina Ulimaz Artha, and Erma Safitri. "Utilization of Sumbawa Tropical Forest Honey Apis Dorsata to Improve Fertility of Indonesia Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis) as Effort Animal Population Increasement." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 6 (December 3, 2017): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i6.1190.
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The objective of this experiment is to observe the effect of forest honey produced by giant bees Apis dorsata on improving fertility and egg number of the bird. The bird which observed in this experiment is captive bird Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis). Twelve paired captive bird in official captivity were transferred into new pairing cage and adapted along two weeks. Every bird was fed with crickets and normal ration mixed with low protein diet (LP) with 16% of crude protein gradually. After an adaptation period, twelve paired captive bird were divided into three groups T1, T2 and T3. Birds were treatened with honey solution 5%, 10% and 15% concentration series in 1 ml aquadest intraabdominal of 10 crickets and fed with 15 crickets and 20 gram low protein ration (16%) per day for two laying periods. Egg production each group were calculated and observed its fertility among all egg production in one parental. In accordance with that, the results were analyzed descriptively. This pre-treatment, the bird’s mating behaviour becomes a week faster than the normal period. Bird’s fertility is also increasing with the provision of honey in the bird nutrition. In the bird’s pairs in cage’s number 9 and 10 have shown development by producing 3 fertile eggs after being treated with honey. In the previous period showed from 3 eggs only 1 being fertile. Honey has not been able to increase the number of eggs produced by birds. However, there is an enhancement in the animal population up to 25% of the 12 pairs of birds that are used as experimental samples in the captivity. The conclusion of this study shows that honey can accelerate the mating behaviour of birds and can increase the fertility of birds' eggs. However, honey has not yet affected the increase the quantity of the birds' egg. Longer observation’s duration with extra bird’s sample is needed for future research, in order to see the reproduction cycle of birds over several periods. Field research related to nutrition in chemistry nutrition’s fields related the active ingredient in honey that can affect the reproduction system is also important to conducted for further research. Keywords: Oriental Magpie Robin; Eggs Production; Fertility; Mating Behaviour; Honey
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Heins, Brad J., and Hannah Phillips. "PSVIII-32 Late-Breaking Abstract: The effect of outdoor stocking density and weather on the behavior of broiler chickens raised in mobile shelters on pasture." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.615.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the behavior, and the relationship between weather and behavior, of broilers raised in mobile shelters with two stocking densities of pasture access. Fifty straight-run Freedom Rangers were used in three replicates (n = 150) at the University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center (Morris, MN). From 4 to 11 weeks of age, birds were housed in a mobile shelter divided into two equal-sized pens with daily access to pasture. Birds were allocated to one of the two pens corresponding to the treatment groups: 1) high (0.46 m2 per bird) and 2) low (2.5 m2 per bird) density outdoor pasture allowance. Ten focal birds per pen were randomly designated for behavior observations performed eight times weekly from 5 to 10 weeks of age. Counts of the number of birds outside were recorded during each observation. Behaviors were recorded continuously for 1-minute durations (Animal Behaviour Pro© app) on each focal bird. The means averaged for each observation were analyzed in linear mixed models with fixed (treatment), random (pen and replicate), and repeated (observation) effects. Models included age, heat index, solar radiation, and their interactions with treatment based on a backward stepwise selection. The temperature range recorded during the study was 7 to 32 ⁰C. No behavioral differences between treatments were observed. Standing decreased (P < 0.05) as heat index increased. Pasture use declined (P < 0.05) when heat index was greater than 26 ⁰C. Foraging decreased (P < 0.05) and pasture use increased (P < 0.05) as age increased. The results of this study indicate similar behaviors of broilers raised with two levels of pasture allowance and suggests that hot weather negatively affects the use of pasture space. Thus, providing shade in pasture might be a method to increasing ranging in broilers.
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Linley, G. D., K. Kostoglou, R. Jit, and M. A. Weston. "Australian magpies exhibit increased tolerance of aircraft noise on an airport, and are more responsive to take-off than to landing noises." Wildlife Research 45, no. 3 (2018): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18039.
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Context On airports, birds often exhibit escape behaviour in response to aircraft. Avian escape behaviours can enable birds to effectively avoid collisions with aircraft, although some are maladaptive and may increase the risk of collision (e.g. erratic flying). Habituation and habituation-like processes among birds potentially mediate the likelihood of aircraft-bird collisions. Moreover, because managers exploit avian escape behaviour to reduce bird–aircraft collision risks, habituation may decrease the efficiency of bird-hazard management. Aims Our aim was to better understand avian behavioural responses to approaching aircraft, which may inform bird-hazard management. Methods We examined the response of Australian magpie, Cracticus tibicen, a species commonly involved in collisions with aircraft, to the noise associated with take-off and landing in three areas: airside, on airport but not airside, and off airport. Key results Magpies responded to aircraft noise in a nuanced way. Take-off produced more responses, and more intense responses, than did landing; both resulted in more frequent, and more intense, responses than did a ‘silent’ control. Responses were least likely, and response latencies were longer, airside, followed by on airport but not airside, and off airport. Intensity of responses was similar across these areas. Conclusions Magpies on the airside were least responsive, and this might influence their strike risk. Implications Given that most wildlife collisions occur during take-off and landing and at low altitudes, and that take-off has greatest overall strike risk, the lack of responsiveness of airside-inhabiting magpies may contribute to collision risk.
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Syari'ati, Esti, Paskal Sukandar, and Hanum Isfaeni. "PERBANDINGAN PERILAKU HARIAN JANTAN DAN BETINA BURUNG ELANG BONDOL (Haliastur indus Boddaert, 1783) DI TAMAN MARGASATWA RAGUNAN JAKARTA." BIOMA 11, no. 2 (May 9, 2017): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bioma11(2).4.
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ABSTRACT
Brahminy Kite (Haliastur indus) is included in protected wild species list. Concervation is an alternative way to save this species from being extinct. The objective of this research was to find out the comparison of daily behaviour between male and female Brahminy Kite at Ragunan Zoo- Jakarta such as three activities. These behaviours were motionless, movement and ingestive. The descriptive method was used in this study, by direct observation to the behaviour of individual bird. The focal animal sampling was used as a method for recording behaviour, which means observing one individual for a specified amount of frequence and recording all instance of its behaviour. The observation was carried out on 2 birds with sex male and female. Each individual’s bird was observed each day from 06.00 to 18.00. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and nonparametric statistics analysis with U Mann-Whitney Test. The result of this analysis indicated if there were comparison of motionless behaviour and movement behaviour between male and female Brahminy Kite, where testing criteria Eject H , density is 0.00 < α, level was significance but there was not comparison of ingestive behaviour between male and female Brahminy Kite. Density is 0.38 > α,level was insignificant
Keyword : the comparison, daily behaviour, Brahminy Kite, Ragunan zoo
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Tustin, D. H., and N. Conradie. "Benchmarking avi-tourism literacy rates among Gauteng school learners." South African Journal of Business Management 47, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v47i3.68.
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Literacy on birds and the natural environment among young citizens is critical in addressing current and emerging environmental challenges. To improve the future awareness, involvement, knowledge, values and pro-environmental behaviour of young South Africans towards birds, the natural habitat of birds and avi-tourism, this article benchmarks avi-tourism literacy rates among secondary school learners. The study arrived at an avi-tourism literacy rate of 43.66% which presupposes passive behaviour of learners towards birds, bird habitat and avi-tourism activities. Besides lacking basic bird and environmental knowledge, learners have also not yet reached the desired levels of emotional affection towards birds and the natural environment. However, increased awareness and affinity, involvement, values and behavioural intention will most likely entice pro-avi and environmental behaviour. The research poses clear challenges to professionals and educators within the tourism industry of South Africa to increase learners’ willingness and motivation to act pro-environmentally through dedicated education. This supports the need to introduce an intervention programme in order to promote awareness, knowledge, values and pro-avi and environmental behaviour among learners.
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Sapir, Nir, Nir Horvitz, Martin Wikelski, Roni Avissar, Yitzhak Mahrer, and Ran Nathan. "Migration by soaring or flapping: numerical atmospheric simulations reveal that turbulence kinetic energy dictates bee-eater flight mode." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1723 (April 6, 2011): 3380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0358.
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Aerial migrants commonly face atmospheric dynamics that may affect their movement and behaviour. Specifically, bird flight mode has been suggested to depend on convective updraught availability and tailwind assistance. However, this has not been tested thus far since both bird tracks and meteorological conditions are difficult to measure in detail throughout extended migratory flyways. Here, we applied, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive numerical atmospheric simulations by mean of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) to study how meteorological processes affect the flight behaviour of migrating birds. We followed European bee-eaters ( Merops apiaster ) over southern Israel using radio telemetry and contrasted bird flight mode (flapping, soaring–gliding or mixed flight) against explanatory meteorological variables estimated by RAMS simulations at a spatial grid resolution of 250 × 250 m 2 . We found that temperature and especially turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) determine bee-eater flight mode, whereas, unexpectedly, no effect of tailwind assistance was found. TKE during soaring–gliding was significantly higher and distinct from TKE during flapping. We propose that applying detailed atmospheric simulations over extended migratory flyways can elucidate the highly dynamic behaviour of air-borne organisms, help predict the abundance and distribution of migrating birds, and aid in mitigating hazardous implications of bird migration.
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Daniyan, O. C., O. Matanmi, O. P. Oladipo, and O. Y. A. Olukosi. "Comfort behaviour in harco strain of cockerels with different drinkers and at different periods ofthe day (short communication)." Archives Animal Breeding 44, no. 5 (October 10, 2001): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-44-569-2001.
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Abstract. The effects of different drinkers and time of the day on comfort behaviour was studied in two hundred and fifty two cockerels from week 4–8. The types of drinkers used were bamboo drinker (BD), clay pot drinkers (CD) and plastic fountain drinkers (FD). Comfort behaviour was observed in the morning and afternoon and evening. The largest number of total comfort behaviour observed during the four-week period was 3089 in CD, followed by 2326 and 2216 in FD and BD respectively. Preening was the most frequently observed comfort behaviour the average being 57 % of the total comfort behaviour in all the groups, dust-bathing was the least observed, being on the average 6.0 % in all the groups. There was no significant effect of type of drinkers on comfort behaviour (acts/bird/hour). There was, however, a significant effect of time of day on comfort behaviour. The most comfort behaviour was performed in the afternoon being 35.5, 39.5 and 34.0 for BD, CD and FD groups respectively. There was no difference in comfort behaviour (acts/bird/hour) in the morning and evenings being 26.6 vs 28.32 in the morning and evening, and 28.96 vs. 25.36 in the morning and evening for CD and FD groups respectively. However the mean acts/bird/hour was significantly different in the morning and evening in BD group, being 23.5 vs. 27.96 for morning and evening respectively (p ≤ 0.05). There was a tendency of comfort acts/bird/20 min. to increase with age, correlation coefficient being 0.23, 0.85 and 0.22 in BD, CD and FD groups respectively. There was, however, no significant effect of age of birds on comfort acts/bird/20 mins over the four-week period (p > 0.05).
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Benoy, Glenn A. "Variation in tiger salamander density within prairie potholes affects aquatic bird foraging behaviour." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 926–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-081.
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Through competitive asymmetry, coexisting fish populations can alter aquatic bird distributions and reduce the reproductive success of their offspring. Gray tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium diaboli Dunn, 1940) may function similarly in fishless prairie potholes. To test the hypothesis that tiger salamanders compete with aquatic birds (including ducks, grebes, and American Coot (Fulica americana J.F. Gmelin, 1789)) for prey resources during the breeding season, 16 potholes were divided into halves by an impermeable plastic barrier and tiger salamander densities were increased or decreased on opposite sides of the barrier. From late May until early July, aquatic invertebrates were sampled from both sides of the divider and the foraging activities of birds were observed. Invertebrate samples revealed that densities of most macroinvertebrate taxa were lower in the halves of potholes with relatively higher densities of tiger salamanders. On average, bird occupancy was evenly distributed on either side of the divider. In contrast, birds spent 65% more time foraging where tiger salamander densities were low (71.2% of total time observed) than where they were high (46.2% of total time observed). The birds most responsive to differences in tiger salamander density and food availability were dabbling ducks, followed by American Coot and diving ducks. This ranking corresponds to the degree of dietary overlap documented between tiger salamanders and aquatic bird assemblages in the study area.
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Takandjandji, Mariana, and Matilde Mite. "Perilaku Burung Beo Alor di Penangkaran Oilsonbai, Nusa Tenggara Timur." Buletin Plasma Nutfah 14, no. 1 (October 7, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v14n1.2008.p43-48.
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<p>Myna bird (Gracula religiosa mertensi Rensch 1928) is one of the natural resources richness of the Alor Island in East Nusa Tenggara. The bird has an important source of economic values of the local people. However, the bird population rapidly decreases each year. Today, the bird is hardly found in the native habitat. Therefore, the conservations of the bird and its habitat are highly needed. The objective of this study was to determine the behaviour of Alor’s Myna in captivity breeding of Oilsonbai, East Nusa Tenggara, and to establish the breeding system in line with the ex situ conservation program. The study was using four birds. The daily behaviour of bird is the main parameter concerned in this study. The results showed that there were identified 13 daily activities of the Myna, and can be classified into three main behaviours. The main bird behaviours were motionless, movements, and ingested. The motionless behaviours include rest, stationary, and action of drying in the sun. The activities of movements were going through certain activities, walking, climbing, visiting, flying, cleanliness of the body/mopping up activities, hanging on to the wire, and whistling. The ingested actions cover food consuming, drinking, defecation, and urinate. The analysis showed that frequency averages the movement’s behaviour about 472 times with activities average 67 times/ head/day, whereas average relative frequency about 8.2%. Frequency averages behaviour of bird ingested are 344 times with activities average 49.2 times/head/day, and average relative frequency about 6.1%. Frequency averages motionless behaviour were around 340 times with activities average 49 times/head/day and average relative frequency about 6%.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Burung beo Alor (Gracula religiosa mertensi Rensch 1928), merupakan salah satu sumber Daya alam Nusa Tenggara Timur. Burung ini mempunyai nilai ekonomi yang penting bagi masyarakat lokal. Namun populasinya telah menurun, sehingga saat ini sulit ditemukan di habitat alamnya. Oleh karena itu, pelestariannya perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku burung beo Alor di penangkaran guna menentukan sistem penangkaran yang sesuai dengan program konservasi ex situ. Pengamatan menggunakan empat ekor burung beo Alor. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan burung beo Alor di penangkaran Oilsonbai memiliki 13 macam aktivitas harian yang digolongkan ke dalam tiga perilaku utama, yaitu perilaku diam, bergerak, dan ingestif. Perilaku diam adalah istirahat, stasioner, berjemur. Perilaku bergerak adalah jalan, memanjat, mendatangi, terbang, membersihkan diri, menggelantung, dan bersuara. Perilaku ingestif adalah makan, minum, defekasi, dan urinasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan rata-rata frekuensi pada perilaku bergerak adalah 472 kali dengan rata-rata aktivitas 67 kali/ekor/hari, dan rata-rata frekuensi relatif 8,2%. Rata-rata frekuensi pada perilaku ingestif adalah 344 kali dengan rata-rata aktivitas 49 kali/ekor/hari, dan frekuensi relatif 6,1%. Rata-rata frekuensi perilaku diam adalah 340 kali dengan rata-rata aktivitas 49 kali/ekor/hari, dan frekuensi relatif 6%.</p>
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Møller, A. P., L. Atkin, and T. R. Birkhead. "Copulation Behaviour of Birds." Behaviour 101, no. 1-3 (1987): 101–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853987x00396.
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AbstractInter-specific variation in copulation behaviour among birds is described. The following factors explaining variation in copulation rate are examined: (i) the number of eggs which have to be fertilized (the fertilization hypothesis), (ii) the importance of the pair-bond (the social bond hypothesis), (iii) predation risk during copulation (the predation hypothesis), and (iv) cuckoldry risk (the sperm competition hypothesis). These hypotheses were investigated in preliminary analyses at the generic level using data on copulation behaviour in 131 bird species. The sperm competition hypothesis was supported by several lines of evidence: (i) frequent copulations among genera where males are not able to guard their mates (colonial birds, diurnal birds of prey, and owls), (ii) frequent copulations in polyandrous genera, (iii) copulations inside hole-nests of colonial birds but outside the hole-nests of solitarily nesting genera, and (iv) by the occurrence of forced pair copulations following extra-pair copulation in some species. The predation and social bond hypotheses were not totally dismissed, but there was no evidence that fertilization ability was limited by copulation frequency (i.e. the fertilization hypothesis).
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Young, Lauren, and Christine Schlesinger. "Habitat use and behaviour of birds in areas invaded by buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) and in restored habitat." Wildlife Research 41, no. 5 (2014): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14022.
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Context Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) is an introduced pasture grass that has spread over large areas of semiarid Australia with potentially significant negative consequences for biodiversity. Previous studies suggest that the response of bird communities to the changes in habitat associated with buffel grass invasion is complex. Aims This study compares the behaviour of birds between sub-sites with predominantly native vegetation where buffel grass had been removed and control sub-sites with buffel grass, which were left unmanaged, at two locations in central Australia. Our objective was to evaluate whether removing buffel grass at small scales had measurable benefits for local bird species and to better understand how the presence of buffel grass affects bird behaviour. Methods We assessed differences in microhabitat use and behaviour of all species combined and when separated into above ground, flexible and ground foraging guilds. We also tested for direct correlations between different cover types and the microhabitat use and behaviour of birds within guilds, with some further analyses of three common species individually. Key results Management of buffel grass was associated with changes in the microhabitat use and behaviour of birds when all species were combined and for all foraging guilds. Buffel grass cover was negatively correlated with the proportional time birds spent on the ground and with proportional time spent foraging. However, of the three species examined individually only the behaviour of white-winged trillers (Lalage tricolor) was consistently correlated with ground vegetation cover. Our observations also suggest birds spent less time overall at sites with high buffel grass. Conclusions Managing buffel grass in small areas creates islands of habitat that provide important opportunities for foraging at a localised scale. Buffel grass and other ground cover affects the behaviour of birds collectively, but individual species responses vary. Implications Management of buffel grass in small areas with high conservation value should be considered. Our study will help to inform land managers of the benefits of controlling buffel grass on a localised scale.
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Fava, Gustavo A., and Juan C. Acosta. "Escape distance and escape latency following simulated rapid bird attacks in an Andean lizard, Phymaturus williamsi." Behaviour 155, no. 10-12 (2018): 861–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003506.
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Abstract Predatory birds represent the greatest risk for many lizard species. However, little is known about the functional relationship between the escape distance and escape latency of lizards during a rapid bird attack. We hypothesised that escape latency and distance in the Andean lizard species Phymaturus williamsi would increase proportionally, but vary according to the means of escape. Over a three-year period we observed seven types of antipredatory behaviour in 98% P. williamsi lizards on simulated predatory bird attacks. Escape distance and latency were positively correlated. 65% of lizards emerged from their refuge within 2 min of an attack. All of these behaviours were positively correlated with escape latency and distance, although we found the former to be more precise. This study contributes to a better understanding of the general antipredatory behaviour in this species of Andean lizard, and will assist in future decisions concerning its conservation.
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Dorado-Correa, Adriana M., Manuel Rodríguez-Rocha, and Henrik Brumm. "Anthropogenic noise, but not artificial light levels predicts song behaviour in an equatorial bird." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 7 (July 2016): 160231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160231.
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Birds in cities start singing earlier in the morning than in rural areas; commonly this shift is attributed to light pollution. Some studies have suggested that traffic noise has a stronger influence on singing activity than artificial light does. Changes in the timing of singing behaviour in relation to noise and light pollution have only been investigated in the temperate zones. Tropical birds, however, experience little seasonal variation in day length and may be less dependent on light intensity as a modifier for reproductive behaviours such as song. To test whether noise or light pollution has a stronger impact on the dawn chorus of a tropical bird, we investigated the singing behaviour of rufous-collared sparrows ( Zonotrichia capensis ) in Bogota, Colombia at two times during the year. We found that birds in places with high noise levels started to sing earlier. Light pollution did not have a significant effect. Birds may begin to sing earlier in noisy areas to avoid acoustic masking by traffic later in the morning. Our results also suggest that some tropical birds may be less sensitive to variations in day length and thus less sensitive to light pollution.
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FERRIERE, R., B. CAZELLES, F. CEZILLY, and J. P. DESPORTES. "Predictability and chaos in bird vigilant behaviour." Animal Behaviour 52, no. 3 (September 1996): 457–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0190.
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Winkler, David W. "Bird Nests and Construction Behaviour. Mike Hansell." Quarterly Review of Biology 76, no. 4 (December 2001): 526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/420641.
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Read, Andrew F. "Bird-parasite interactions: ecology, evolution and behaviour." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 6, no. 12 (December 1991): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(91)90170-3.
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Bibby, Colin J. "Bird-parasite interactions: Ecology, evolution, and behaviour." Biological Conservation 61, no. 2 (1992): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(92)91108-5.
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Dye, Christopher. "Bird-parasite interactions: Ecology, evolution and behaviour." Parasitology Today 7, no. 12 (January 1991): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(91)90224-c.
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Price, Megan, and Alan Lill. "Does pedestrian traffic affect the composition of ?bush bird? assemblages?" Pacific Conservation Biology 14, no. 1 (2008): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc080054.
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Outdoor recreational activities (e.g., bushwalking and bird-watching) can increase participants? environmental awareness, but can also cause environmental damage and impact negatively on wildlife if conducted irresponsibly and/or in large numbers. A field experiment with a before-after-control-impact design conducted in Wyperfeld National Park, Victoria determined whether simulated bushwalking by researchers over a 4-week period had an immediate impact on the composition of breeding bird assemblages on ten 1-ha mallee plots. Birds were surveyed with point counts preand post-intrusion. Species richness, diversity and composition of bird assemblages were unaffected by the pedestrian traffic regime imposed. Results suggest that normal pedestrian traffic in spring and summer may not influence ?bush bird? assemblage composition very markedly in the short-term in Victorian parks. However, the birds could have responded to intrusion, but less dramatically than by leaving the plots. That bushwalking and allied activities may have other adverse effects on the behaviour and physiology of Australian ?bush birds? still needs to be investigated.
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Nikolov, S., and D. Kanakov. "Influencing factors leading to damaging behavior - feather pecking and cannibalism in game birds." Trakia Journal of Sciences 18, no. 4 (2020): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.04.012.
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Behavioural disorders, including feather pecking and cannibalism, are a common problem in both domestic and wild birds. Damaging behaviour is polyethiological and is divided into two major groups of factors: extrinsic and intrinsic. Extrinsic factors are those that are not dependent on the species of bird-factors from outside the organism which causes injurious pecking (IP). There are three abiotic groups assigned: nutritional factors (the composition of the ration and nutritional strategies), factors of the environment (light, temperature, sound, and air), and conditions of breeding (density, size, type of system, and enrichment of the conditions of breeding). Intrinsic are the factors that depend on the species of bird – factors coming from the organism and influencing injurious pecking. Seven biotic factors are assigned: social (imitating, sexual, stereotypical and maternal behaviour), sex (male and female sex hormones), age (young and adult), stress (fear, stress and corticosterone), central-nervous (serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline), hereditary (genotypic and phenotypic manifestation) and immunological. It is important to have an understanding of the influencing factors leading to an onset of injurious pecking in order to successfully control the behavior in game birds bred in captivity.
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Wichman, Anette, Rosan De Groot, Olle Håstad, Helena Wall, and Diana Rubene. "Influence of Different Light Spectrums on Behaviour and Welfare in Laying Hens." Animals 11, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040924.
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Artificial commercial lighting used in animal production facilities can have negative influences on visual abilities, behaviour and welfare of domestic fowl. This study examined the effects of natural-derived light spectrums on behaviour, production and welfare of laying hens reared from hatching into adulthood. Comparisons were made of frequency of a range of behaviours associated with activity, aggression and comfort in birds kept in control light (commercial standard), daylight (full spectrum, including ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths and forest light (forest understorey, including UV). In addition, bird preferences for different lights, feather damage and egg production were monitored. The results showed that the behavioural repertoire of birds changed with age, while the effects of light treatment were subtle. Some evidence was found that birds preferred either daylight or forest light to control light, suggesting that inclusion of UV contributed to the preference. Daylight and forest light were associated with more active behaviours, and daylight with better plumage and later start of lay. Thus natural-like light may have beneficial effects on domestic fowl, but the differences between broad-spectrum light sources are rather small.
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Sazima, Ivan. "Anting behaviour with millipedes by the dendrocolaptid bird Xiphocolaptes albicollis in southeastern Brazil." Biota Neotropica 9, no. 1 (March 2009): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032009000100027.
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Several bird species practice anting. While anting a bird holds an ant or other arthropod that produces toxic or irritating secretions and rubs it on the plumage. Here I describe the White-collared Woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes albicollis) rubbing its body with millipedes of the orders Spirostreptida and Polydesmida while foraging among banana stumps or at bromeliad clumps in southeastern Brazil. On three occasions I recorded the bird holding a millipede in the bill and rubbing it against its chest, belly, and wings. From time to time the millipede was "chewed", and hammered against the substratum and then rubbed on the plumage again. After a while the millipede was ingested or dropped. Bromeliads harbour a rich fauna that includes mosquitoes, ticks, spiders, and snakes, and some of them may be potential hazards to birds that forage among the accumulated plant debris. The toxic secretions of millipedes may act as a deterrent against some of these hazardous animals, and the woodcreeper's behaviour also reduces the noxiousness of a toxic prey before ingestion.
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Morganti, Michelangelo. "Birds facing climate change: a qualitative model for the adaptive potential of migratory behaviour." Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia 85, no. 1 (December 23, 2015): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/rio.2015.197.
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Recent climate change is altering the migratory behaviour of many bird species. An advancement in the timing of spring events and a shift in the geographical distribution have been detected for birds around the world. In particular, intra-Palearctic migratory birds have advanced arrivals in spring and shortened migratory distances by shifting northward their wintering grounds. These changes in migratory patterns are considered adaptive responses facilitating the adjustment of the life cycle to the phenological changes found in their breeding areas. However, in some cases, populations exposed to the same selective pressures do not show any appreciable adaptive change in their behaviour. Basing on the comparison of realized and non-realized adaptive changes, I propose here the formulation of a qualitative model that predicts the potential of migratory birds populations to change adaptively their migratory behaviour. The model assumes that the adaptive potential of migratory behaviour is fuelled by both genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity. Populations of long-distance migrants are exposed to strong environmental canalization that largely eroded their phenotypic plasticity and reduced genetic variability, so that they show a very low amount of adaptive potential regarding migratory behaviour. On the contrary, partial-migrant populations have a highly varied genetic profile and are more plastic at the phenotypic level, and consequently show the highest amount of adaptive potential. Species with mainly social and mainly genetic determination of the migratory behaviour are separately treated in the model. Specific empirical models to foresee the adaptive strategies of wild bird populations that face to climate change can be derived from the general theoretical model. As example, a specific model about the shortening of migratory distances in Western European migratory bird is presented. Finally, a number of future research lines on the topic of adaptive potential of migratory behaviour are discussed, including some examples of concrete study cases. In conclusion, partial-migration emerge as the less known system and future research efforts on this topic are expected to be especially fruitful.
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Ruaux, Geoffrey, Sophie Lumineau, and Emmanuel de Margerie. "The development of flight behaviours in birds." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1929 (June 24, 2020): 20200668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0668.
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Flight is a unique adaptation at the core of many behaviours in most bird species, whether it be foraging, migration or breeding. Birds have developed a wide diversity of flight modes (e.g. flapping, gliding, soaring, hovering) which involves very specialized behaviours. A key issue when studying flight behaviours is to understand how they develop through all the ontogenetic stages of birds, from the embryo to the flying adult. This question typically involves classical debates on animal behaviour about the importance of maturation and experience. Here, we review the literature available on the development of flight behaviours in birds. First, we focus on the early period when young birds are not yet capable of flight. We discuss examples and show how endogenous processes (e.g. wing flapping in the nest, flight development timing) and environmental factors (e.g. maternal stress, nutritional stress) can influence the development of flight behaviours. Then, we review several examples showing the different processes involved in the development of flight in flight-capable juveniles (e.g. practice, trial and error learning, social learning). Despite the lack of experimental studies investigating this specific question at different developmental stages, we show that several patterns can be identified, and we anticipate that the development of new tracking techniques will allow us to study this question more thoroughly in more bird species.
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Abd Aziz, Hazlinda, and Mohd Hisyam Rasidi. "Park Structures as Determinant of Bird Species Diversity in Putrajaya." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, no. 9 (July 1, 2018): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v5i17.47.
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The presence of birds is important to verify ecological condition in cities since they respond well to the availability of habitat structure. This study aims at investigating park structures which influence bird species diversity in Putrajaya. The studied areas consist of six metropolitan parks. Vegetation structure and bird species data were collected through distance sampling method. Evaluations of overall 12 points were carried out to be mapped in the Standard Computer-aided Design (CAD) software. The results reveal that park with higher density vegetation supports higher habitat variables including food, foraging substrate and nesting site for birds to survive in Putrajaya.
Keywords: Vegetation structure, Bird diversity, Ecological guilds, Putrajaya
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v5i17.47
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Davies, S. J. J. F., and T. A. Knight. "Variability in the drinking behaviour of individual emus Dromaius novaehollandiae." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 5 (2016): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj16059.
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The drinking behaviour of four captive emus Dromaius novaehollandiae Latham 1790 was examined at the CSIRO Laboratory, Helena Valley, Western Australia. Considerable individual variation was found in the amount of water each emu drank daily, but for each bird the amount drunk was positively correlated with daily ambient maximum temperature. There was also considerable variation between individual birds in the number of sips of water taken daily, in the mean size of each sip and in the distribution of the size of sips taken in each drinking bout. Variability in drinking behaviour has been reported in other species of bird when their water influx has been calculated using double-labelled water. The availability of water to emus varies greatly in both time and space. More thirsty emus may do well when water is plentiful, whereas more abstemious ones may be favoured when water is scarce. Hence, variability in drinking behaviour would be maintained in populations.
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Dall'Antonia, L., P. Dall'Antonia, S. Benvenuti, P. Ioalè, B. Massa, and F. Bonadonna. "The homing behaviour of Cory's shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea) studied by means of a direction recorder." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.2.359.
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A direction recorder, which can be carried by a flying bird on its back, has been used for the first time on a wild species. The device can detect and record the direction in which a bird is heading during flight. Cory's shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea) were moved from their nesting colony to five different sites and fitted with direction recorders, and four homing flight paths were obtained. Our data show that the displaced birds were able to assume and maintain a homeward course soon after release over large areas of open sea, completely devoid of guiding features; topographical elements are, therefore, not necessary for correct orientation.
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Suárez-Rodríguez, Monserrat, Isabel López-Rull, and Constantino Macías Garcia. "Incorporation of cigarette butts into nests reduces nest ectoparasite load in urban birds: new ingredients for an old recipe?" Biology Letters 9, no. 1 (February 23, 2013): 20120931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0931.
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Birds are known to respond to nest-dwelling parasites by altering behaviours. Some bird species, for example, bring fresh plants to the nest, which contain volatile compounds that repel parasites. There is evidence that some birds living in cities incorporate cigarette butts into their nests, but the effect (if any) of this behaviour remains unclear. Butts from smoked cigarettes retain substantial amounts of nicotine and other compounds that may also act as arthropod repellents. We provide the first evidence that smoked cigarette butts may function as a parasite repellent in urban bird nests. The amount of cellulose acetate from butts in nests of two widely distributed urban birds was negatively associated with the number of nest-dwelling parasites. Moreover, when parasites were attracted to heat traps containing smoked or non-smoked cigarette butts, fewer parasites reached the former, presumably due to the presence of nicotine. Because urbanization changes the abundance and type of resources upon which birds depend, including nesting materials and plants involved in self-medication, our results are consistent with the view that urbanization imposes new challenges on birds that are dealt with using adaptations evolved elsewhere.
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Olukosi, O. A., O. C. Daniyan, and O. Matanmi. "Effects of feeder space allowance on agonistic behaviour and growth performance of broilers (short communication)." Archives Animal Breeding 45, no. 2 (October 10, 2002): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-45-205-2002.
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Abstract. One hundred and thirty-two 4-weeks old unsexed Anak-2000 broiler strain were used to study the effect of feeder space allowance on agonistic behaviour and growth performance of broilers from weeks 4–8. The feeder space allowance were 2.4 cm/bird, 3.0 cm/bird and 3.6 cm/bird in groups I, II and III. The agonistic behaviour observed included head pecks, steps, pushes, threats and chase during feeding and "non-feeding" periods. There was a decrease in total agonistic behaviour as feeder space per bird increased from 2.4cm/bird to 3.6 cm/bird, both during feeding and non-feeding periods. There was a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) of feeder space allowance on mean agonistic acts/bird/hour during feeding period being highest in G1 (7.8 acts/bird/hour), and lowest in G3 (4.5 acts/bird/hour). There was no significant effect (p > 0.05) of feeder space allowance on mean agonistic acts/bird/hour during non-feeding period. In G1 and G2, there was a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) of period of observation on mean agonistic acts/bird/hour being highest in the feeding period and lowest in the non-feeding periods. In G3, there was no significant effect (p > 0.05) of period of day on mean agonistic acts/bird/hour and no significant effect of feeder space allowance on the growth performance parameters measured at p>0.05.
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Recher, Harry F., and William E. Davis Jr. "Foraging behaviour of mulga birds in Western Australia. I. Use of resources and temporal effects." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 1 (2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17031.
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The foraging behaviour of mulga birds in the Murchison and Gascoyne Bioregions was studied in 1999 following a period of heavy rain and again in 2002 when it was dry. Mulga birds allocated foraging resources in a similar fashion to other bird communities, with species differing in the way that prey were taken, the substrates and plant species on which prey were found, and the heights at which prey were sought. The numbers of birds and bird species in the study areas declined with drier conditions and there was less breeding activity. Nomadic species, including honeyeaters, seed-eaters, and insect-eaters, largely left the area as it became drier and food resources changed. The birds that remained foraged differently when it was drier than when conditions were wetter and food more abundant. These observations illustrate the fragility of the mulga avifauna and its likely sensitivity to long-term climate change with predicted increasing temperatures, more extreme heat events, and reduced winter rainfall. Conservation of mulga birds and associated flora and fauna requires a whole-of-landscape approach and the adoption of land management practices by Australian governments and land managers that will allow species to adapt to climate change and guarantee their right to evolve.
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Husby, Magne. "Traffic Influence on Roadside Bird Abundance and Behaviour." Acta Ornithologica 52, no. 1 (June 2017): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/00016454ao2017.52.1.009.
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FERRIÈRE, REGIS, BERNARD CAZELLES, FRANK CÉZILLY, and JEAN-PIERRE DESPORTES. "Predictability, chaos and coordination in bird vigilant behaviour." Animal Behaviour 57, no. 2 (February 1999): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0966.
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Fiedler, Wolfgang. "New technologies for monitoring bird migration and behaviour." Ringing & Migration 24, no. 3 (January 2009): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03078698.2009.9674389.
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Goymer, Patrick. "Q&A: Bird behaviour, Darwin and dance." Nature 462, no. 7271 (November 2009): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/462288a.
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Bolhuis, Johan. "Bird brains and behaviour: perception, cognition and production." Animal Biology 53, no. 2 (2003): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075603769700296.
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Recher, Harry F. "Foraging behaviour of mulga birds in Western Australia. II. Community structure and conservation." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 1 (2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17032.
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Mulga (Acacia aneura) woodlands dominate much of arid and semiarid Australia. Although mulga woodlands are floristically and structurally diverse, the composition of the mulga avifauna is consistent across the continent, with 50–70% of bird species shared between sites and a high proportion of migratory and nomadic species. A comparison of avian foraging guilds in mulga woodlands in the Murchison and Gascoyne Bioregions of Western Australia with those in the Northern Territory identified nine guilds. All guilds occurred at the three locations studied during wet years. The number of bird species, species’ abundances, and the number of guilds declined on the Western Australian sites when there was less rain. Despite the commonality of guilds and species between sites, there were differences between sites and years in the grouping of species, with many species best associated with two or more guilds. These differences reflected differences between locations and wet and dry years in the food resources available to birds, which affected how species foraged. Particularly noticeable were the differences between sites and years in migratory and nomadic birds, which in Western Australia and the Northern Territory were the most abundant birds during wet conditions, but largely absent when conditions were drier.