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Journal articles on the topic 'Biphoton state'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Frolovtsev, Dmitry N., Sergey A. Magnitskiy, and Andrey V. Demin. "Quantum tomograph for measurement and characterization of quantum states of biphoton sources." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 4 (April 2020): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-4-20-26.

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The method and prototype of a device for characterizing of biphoton light sources based on spontaneous parametric downdonversion by quantum tomography are described. The prototype is an experimental implementation of a specialized quantum tomograph designed to measure the quantum polarization states of radiation generated by biphoton sources. Specially developed software will determine the statistical characteristics of the measured quantum state, calculate the tomographic and likelihood estimations of the density matrix, calculate the measurement errors of the density matrix elements and evaluate the quality of the quantum state of biphotons.

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2

Wong, Y.-E., N.-Y. Tsai, W. S. Hiew, and H. H. Jen. "Spectral compression and entanglement reduction in the cascaded biphoton state with cavities." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 54, no. 19 (October 6, 2021): 195501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ac31c7.

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Abstract The cascaded biphoton state generated from a cold atomic ensemble presents one of the strongly correlated resources that can preserve and relay quantum information. Under the four-wave mixing condition, the emitted signal and idler photons from the upper and lower excited states become highly correlated in their traveling directions and entangled in continuous frequency spaces. In this system, we theoretically study the spectral compression of the biphoton source using an external cavity and show the reduction in its frequency entanglement entropy. This indicates, respectively, an improved light absorption efficiency for the idler photon as well as an almost pure biphoton source which is useful in optical quantum networks. We further investigate the limit of the spectral compression that can be achieved by using multiple cavities. Our results show the capability and potential of the biphoton source with external cavities, where the performance of atom-based quantum memory can be enhanced and the entanglement property can be manipulated by tailoring the spectral compression.

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3

Fedorov, M. V. "State entanglement of biphoton qutrits and ququarts." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 76, no. 3 (March 2012): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1062873812030082.

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4

Burlakov, A. V., M. V. Chekhova, O. A. Karabutova, D. N. Klyshko, and S. P. Kulik. "Polarization state of a biphoton: Quantum ternary logic." Physical Review A 60, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): R4209—R4212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.60.r4209.

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5

Tian, Ying, Wu-Hao Cai, Zi-Xiang Yang, Feng Chen, Rui-Bo Jin, and Qiang Zhou. "Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of entangled photons generated under pump-tight-focusing condition." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 5 (2022): 054201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211783.

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Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is a non-classical effect of photons and plays an important role in quantum optics. The <i>β</i>-barium borate (BBO) has a high nonlinear efficiency, and is commonly used to generate biphoton states, thereby exhibiting HOM interference. However, in previous experiments, researchers often used band-pass filters, so the resulting spectrum was directly determined by the band-pass filter. As a result, the original spectrum of the BBO crystal, especially the spectrum under tight focusing, was lack of systematic research. In this paper, the biphoton spectral distribution and HOM interference generated by the BBO crystal under the condition of tight focusing are systematically studied for the first time. Theoretical calculations show that using a lens with 50-mm focusing length, the spectral width of the down-converted photons is increased by 7.9 times that of the non-focused case; the width of the HOM interference fringe is reduced to 1/8, and the visibility of the interference fringe increases from 53.0% to 98.7%. We experimentally prepare the energy-time entanglement state by using type-II BBO crystal and perform HOM interference, thereby obtaining the interference visibility of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$(86.6 \pm 1.0)$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="5-20211783_M2.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="5-20211783_M2.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>%. The increasing of the HOM visibility is due to the improvement of biphoton's spectral symmetry. In addition, the proposed technique by which different spectral distributions are obtained at different incident angles is expected to be applied to the preparation of high-dimensional qudits in the future.

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6

Lin, Qing. "Bidirectional Mapping between a Biphoton Polarization State and a Single-Photon Two-Qubit State." Chinese Physics Letters 27, no. 12 (December 2010): 120302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/27/12/120302.

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7

Chang, T. H., G.-D. Lin, and H. H. Jen. "Spectral shaping of the biphoton state from multiplexed thermal atomic ensembles." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 53, no. 8 (March 24, 2020): 085403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ab7556.

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8

Kojima, Jun, and Quang-Viet Nguyen. "Entangled biphoton virtual-state spectroscopy of the A2Σ+–X2Π system of OH." Chemical Physics Letters 396, no. 4-6 (October 2004): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.051.

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9

Jeong, Heejeong, Shengwang Du, and Na Young Kim. "Proposed narrowband biphoton generation from an ensemble of solid-state quantum emitters." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 36, no. 3 (February 14, 2019): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.36.000646.

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10

Chang, T. H., G.-D. Lin, and H. H. Jen. "Spectrally entangled biphoton state of cascade emissions from a Doppler-broadened atomic ensemble." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 52, no. 13 (June 13, 2019): 135501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ab1303.

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11

Jeong, Heejeong, Shengwang Du, and Na Young Kim. "Proposed narrowband biphoton generation from an ensemble of solid-state quantum emitters: publisher’s note." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 36, no. 4 (March 6, 2019): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.36.000846.

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12

Chen, Y. T., and G. Bjork. "Generation and detection of photonic qutrit states by linear optics." Quantum Information and Computation 8, no. 5 (May 2008): 386–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic8.5-2.

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We address the problem of generation and detection of the four mutually unbiased biphoton polarization-qutrit bases by linear optics. First, the generation of the bases is studied. Our numeric results show that the linear optics method can be used to generate the 4 mutually unbiased basis qutrit states probabilistically with high fidelity. Second, we investigate whether or not linear polarization-optics components are sufficient to realize the simultaneous detection of the qutrit states forming a complete basis. Analytical results show that every state in two of the bases, namely only half of the 4 mutually unbiased bases qutrit states can be identified.

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13

Han, Yashuai, Daohua Wu, Katsuyuki Kasai, Lirong Wang, Masayoshi Watanabe, and Yun Zhang. "Measurement of the wavefunction for a biphoton state with homodyne detection using least squares estimation." Journal of Optics 22, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 025202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ab6422.

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14

Wang Meng-Meng, Quan Run-Ai, Tai Zhao-Yang, Hou Fei-Yan, Liu Tao, Zhang Shou-Gang, and Dong Rui-Fang. "Measurement of the spectral properties of the coincident-frequency entangled biphoton state at optical communication wavelength." Acta Physica Sinica 63, no. 19 (2014): 194206. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.63.194206.

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15

Aichele, T., A. I. Lvovsky, and S. Schiller. "Optical mode characterization of single photons prepared by means of conditional measurements on a biphoton state." European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 18, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e20020028.

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16

Mazzanti, Andrea, Matthew Parry, Alexander N. Poddubny, Giuseppe Della Valle, Dragomir N. Neshev, and Andrey A. Sukhorukov. "Enhanced generation of angle correlated photon-pairs in nonlinear metasurfaces." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac599e.

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Abstract We reveal that strongly enhanced generation of photon pairs with narrow frequency spectra and sharp angular correlations can be realised through spontaneous parametric down-conversion in metasurfaces. This is facilitated by creating meta-gratings through nano-structuring of nonlinear films of sub-wavelength thickness to support the extended bound state in the continuum resonances, associated with ultra-high Q-factors, at the biphoton wavelengths across a wide range of emission angles. Such spectral features of photons can be beneficial for various applications, including quantum imaging. Our modelling demonstrates a pronounced enhancement, compared to unpatterned films, of the total photon-pair generation rate normalized to the pump power reaching 1.75 kHz mW−1, which is robust with respect to the angular bandwidth of the pump, supporting the feasibility of future experimental realisations.

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17

Jen, H. H. "Entropy of entanglement in the continuous frequency space of the biphoton state from multiplexed cold atomic ensembles." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 49, no. 3 (January 21, 2016): 035503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/49/3/035503.

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18

Liu, Jun, Isaac Nape, Qainke Wang, Adam Vallés, Jian Wang, and Andrew Forbes. "Multidimensional entanglement transport through single-mode fiber." Science Advances 6, no. 4 (January 2020): eaay0837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay0837.

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The global quantum network requires the distribution of entangled states over long distances, with substantial advances already demonstrated using polarization. While Hilbert spaces with higher dimensionality, e.g., spatial modes of light, allow higher information capacity per photon, such spatial mode entanglement transport requires custom multimode fiber and is limited by decoherence-induced mode coupling. Here, we circumvent this by transporting multidimensional entangled states down conventional single-mode fiber (SMF). By entangling the spin-orbit degrees of freedom of a biphoton pair, passing the polarization (spin) photon down the SMF while accessing multiple orbital angular momentum (orbital) subspaces with the other, we realize multidimensional entanglement transport. We show high-fidelity hybrid entanglement preservation down 250 m SMF across multiple 2 × 2 dimensions, confirmed by quantum state tomography, Bell violation measures, and a quantum eraser scheme. This work offers an alternative approach to spatial mode entanglement transport that facilitates deployment in legacy networks across conventional fiber.

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19

Mazeres, Serge, Farzad Fereidouni, and Etienne Joly. "Using spectral decomposition of the signals from laurdan-derived probes to evaluate the physical state of membranes in live cells." F1000Research 6 (June 1, 2017): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11577.1.

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Background: We wanted to investigate the physical state of biological membranes in live cells under the most physiological conditions possible. Methods: For this we have been using laurdan, C-laurdan or M-laurdan to label a variety of cells, and a biphoton microscope equipped with both a thermostatic chamber and a spectral analyser. We also used a flow cytometer to quantify the 450/530 nm ratio of fluorescence emissions by whole cells. Results: We find that using all the information provided by spectral analysis to perform spectral decomposition dramatically improves the imaging resolution compared to using just two channels, as commonly used to calculate generalized polarisation (GP). Coupled to a new plugin called Fraction Mapper, developed to represent the fraction of light intensity in the first component in a stack of two images, we obtain very clear pictures of both the intra-cellular distribution of the probes, and the polarity of the cellular environments where the lipid probes are localised. Our results lead us to conclude that, in live cells kept at 37°C, laurdan, and M-laurdan to a lesser extent, have a strong tendency to accumulate in the very apolar environment of intra-cytoplasmic lipid droplets, but label the plasma membrane (PM) of mammalian cells ineffectively. On the other hand, C-laurdan labels the PM very quickly and effectively, and does not detectably accumulate in lipid droplets. Conclusions: From using these probes on a variety of mammalian cell lines, as well as on cells from Drosophila and Dictyostelium discoideum, we conclude that, apart from the lipid droplets, which are very apolar, probes in intracellular membranes reveal a relatively polar and hydrated environment, suggesting a very marked dominance of liquid disordered states. PMs, on the other hand, are much more apolar, suggesting a strong dominance of liquid ordered state, which fits with their high sterol contents.

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20

Mazeres, Serge, Farzad Fereidouni, and Etienne Joly. "Using spectral decomposition of the signals from laurdan-derived probes to evaluate the physical state of membranes in live cells." F1000Research 6 (August 1, 2017): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11577.2.

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Background: We wanted to investigate the physical state of biological membranes in live cells under the most physiological conditions possible. Methods: For this we have been using laurdan, C-laurdan or M-laurdan to label a variety of cells, and a biphoton microscope equipped with both a thermostatic chamber and a spectral analyser. We also used a flow cytometer to quantify the 450/530 nm ratio of fluorescence emissions by whole cells. Results: We find that using all the information provided by spectral analysis to perform spectral decomposition dramatically improves the imaging resolution compared to using just two channels, as commonly used to calculate generalized polarisation (GP). Coupled to a new plugin called Fraction Mapper, developed to represent the fraction of light intensity in the first component in a stack of two images, we obtain very clear pictures of both the intra-cellular distribution of the probes, and the polarity of the cellular environments where the lipid probes are localised. Our results lead us to conclude that, in live cells kept at 37°C, laurdan, and M-laurdan to a lesser extent, have a strong tendency to accumulate in the very apolar environment of intra-cytoplasmic lipid droplets, but label the plasma membrane (PM) of mammalian cells ineffectively. On the other hand, C-laurdan labels the PM very quickly and effectively, and does not detectably accumulate in lipid droplets. Conclusions: From using these probes on a variety of mammalian cell lines, as well as on cells from Drosophila and Dictyostelium discoideum, we conclude that, apart from the lipid droplets, which are very apolar, probes in intracellular membranes reveal a relatively polar and hydrated environment, suggesting a very marked dominance of liquid disordered states. PMs, on the other hand, are much more apolar, suggesting a strong dominance of liquid ordered state, which fits with their high sterol contents.

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21

Morimae, Tomoyuki, Vedran Dunjko, and Elham Kashefi. "Ground state blind quantum computation on AKLT state." Quantum Information and Computation 15, no. 3&4 (March 2015): 200–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic15.3-4-2.

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The blind quantum computing protocols (BQC) enable a classical client with limited quantum technology to delegate a computation to the quantum server(s) in such a way that the privacy of the computation is preserved. Here we present a new scheme for BQC that uses the concept of the measurement based quantum computing with the novel resource state of Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) chains leading to more robust computation. AKLT states are physically motivated resource as they are gapped ground states of a physically natural Hamiltonian in condensed matter physics. Our BQC protocol can enjoy the advantages of AKLT resource states (in a multiserver setup), such as the cooling preparation of the resource state, the energy-gap protection of the quantum computation. It also provides a simple and efficient preparation of the resource state in linear optics with biphotons.

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22

Ipuy, Martin, Yuan-Yuan Liao, Erwann Jeanneau, Patrice L. Baldeck, Yann Bretonnière, and Chantal Andraud. "Solid state red biphotonic excited emission from small dipolar fluorophores." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 4 (2016): 766–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc03465e.

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Dyes emitting in the solid state in the red or near-infrared range are much sought after for application in bioimaging especially if the long emission wavelength can be combined with two-photon excitation to provide unique contrast and penetration depth.

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23

Wang, Qin, Yong-Sheng Zhang, Yun-Feng Huang, and Guang-Can Guo. "Experimental demonstration of a simple method to engineer a single qutrit state with biphotons." Physics Letters A 344, no. 1 (August 2005): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2005.06.040.

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24

Durbin, Stephen M. "Proposal for entangled x-ray beams." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 22 (June 14, 2022): 224401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091947.

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A promising approach for direct detection of quantum entanglement in solid state materials is probing with entangled particles. X-rays are ideal for characterization of many materials but have not been generated as entangled pairs in useful numbers, even at the most powerful synchrotron sources. This proposal describes how x-rays in fully entangled N00N states (with N = 2) can be produced by applying Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry at an x-ray synchrotron source. The technical requirements for indistinguishable photons, x-ray beamsplitters, and interferometer design are met with existing resources. The entangled x-ray biphotons can be filtered from the unavoidable single photon background by simple diffraction from an analyzer crystal, resulting in intense beams suitable for characterizing quantum materials.

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25

Gatti, Alessandra, Lucia Caspani, Tommaso Corti, Enrico Brambilla, and Ottavia Jedrkiewicz. "Spatio–temporal entanglement of twin photons: An intuitive picture." International Journal of Quantum Information 12, no. 02 (March 2014): 1461016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749914610164.

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We draw an intuitive picture of the spatio–temporal properties of the entangled state of twin photons, where they are described as classical wave-packets. This picture predicts a precise relation between their temporal and transverse spatial separations at the crystal output. The space-time coupling described by classical arguments turns out to determine in a precise way the spatio–temporal structure of the quantum entanglement, analyzed by means of the biphotonic correlation and of the Schmidt dimensionality of the entanglement.

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26

Bellier, Quentin, Nikolay S. Makarov, Pierre-Antoine Bouit, Stéphane Rigaut, Kenji Kamada, Patrick Feneyrou, Gérard Berginc, Olivier Maury, Joseph W. Perry, and Chantal Andraud. "Excited state absorption: a key phenomenon for the improvement of biphotonic based optical limiting at telecommunication wavelengths." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 14, no. 44 (2012): 15299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cp40779e.

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27

Mazumder, Shivnath, Ryan A. Thomas, Richard L. Lord, H. Bernhard Schlegel, and John F. Endicott. "A density functional theory and spectroscopic study of intramolecular quenching of metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states in some mono-bipyridine ruthenium(II) complexes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, no. 10 (October 2014): 996–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0155.

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The complexes [Ru(NCCH3)4bpy]2+ and [Ru([14]aneS4)bpy]2+ ([14]aneS4 = 1,4,8,11-tetrathiacyclotetradecane, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) have similar absorption and emission spectra but the 77 K metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited state emission lifetime of the latter is less than 0.3% that of the former. Density functional theory modeling of the lowest energy triplet excited states indicates that triplet metal centered (3MC) excited states are about 3500 cm−1 lower in energy than their 3MLCT excited states in both complexes. The differences in excited state lifetimes arise from a much larger coordination sphere distortion for [Ru(NCCH3)4bpy]2+ and the associated larger reorganizational barrier for intramolecular electron transfer. The smaller ruthenium ligand distortions of the [Ru([14]aneS4)bpy]2+ complex are apparently a consequence of stereochemical constraints imposed by the macrocyclic [14]aneS4 ligand, and the 3MC excited state calculated for the unconstrained [Ru(S(CH3)2)4bpy]2+ complex (S(CH3)2 = dimethyl sulfide) is distorted in a manner similar to that of [Ru(NCCH3)4bpy]2+. Despite the lower energy calculated for its 3MC than 3MLCT excited state, [Ru(NCCH3)4bpy]2+ emits strongly in 77 K glasses with an emission quantum yield of 0.47. The emission is biphasic with about a 1 μs lifetime for its dominant (86%) emission component. The 405 nm excitation used in these studies results in a significant amount of photodecomposition in the 77 K glasses. This is a temperature-dependent biphotonic process that most likely involves the bipyridine-radical anionic moiety of the 3MLCT excited state. A smaller than expected value found for the radiative rate constant is consistent with a lower energy 3MC than 3MLCT state.

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28

Ye, Tingting, Peng Cheng, Hong Zeng, Deyuan Yao, Xiaomei Pan, Erqiao Xue, and Junfeng Ding. "Pressure-induced core defects and photoluminescent quenching in carbon quantum dots." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 5 (January 30, 2023): 051601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0132006.

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Carbon quantum dots (CDs) with favorable luminescent features for biphotonic applications have attracted much interest in modulating their photoluminescence (PL) efficiency. A surface state with various defects is believed to play a key role in the emissive intensity. Here, pressure-induced quenching of PL is observed in red emissive CDs (R-CDs) and is ascribed to defects in carbon cores upon compression. In the power-law fitting to the excitation power-dependent PL of R-CDs at high pressure, the coefficient k parameter related to the emissive mechanism decreases from 1 under ambient pressure to much less than 1 under the application of pressure, suggesting a transition from single exciton recombination to defect-related emission. With the k parameter decreasing to 0.69 at 1.6 GPa, the pressure-induced defects reduce the PL intensity by approximately one order of magnitude. Furthermore, the attenuation and broadening of the G band characterizing the sp2 hybrid structure of carbon cores in the Raman spectra for R-CDs at high pressure support that the pressure-induced lattice relaxation impairs the crystalline symmetry of the carbon core and results in the dramatic quenching of PL. Our results highlight the importance of the well-crystallized carbon core in designing CDs with high quantum yields.

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29

Abid, Seifallah, Sarra Ben Hassine, Nicolas Richy, Franck Camerel, Bassem Jamoussi, Mireille Blanchard-Desce, Olivier Mongin, Frédéric Paul, and Christine O. Paul-Roth. "Phthalocyanine-Cored Fluorophores with Fluorene-Containing Peripheral Two-Photon Antennae as Photosensitizers for Singlet Oxygen Generation." Molecules 25, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020239.

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A series of free base and Zn(II) phthalocyanines featuring fluorenyl antennae linked by methoxy or oxo bridges to the phthalocyanine core (Pc) were synthesized and characterized. Selected linear and nonlinear (two-photon absorption) optical properties of these new compounds were subsequently studied. As previously observed for related porphyrin dendrimers bearing 2-fluorenyl peripheral dendrons, an efficient energy transfer occurs from the peripheral antennae to the central phthalocyanine core following excitation in the fluorenyl-based π–π* absorption band of these chromophores. Once excited, these compounds relax to the ground state, mostly by emitting intense red light or by undergoing intersystem crossing. As a result, the tetrafunctionalized Zn(II) phthalocyanines are fluorescent, but can also efficiently photosensitize molecular oxygen in tetrahydrofurane (THF), forming singlet oxygen with nearly comparable yields to bare Zn(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc). In comparison with the latter complex, the positive role of the fluorenyl-containing antennae on one- and two-photon brightness (2PA) is presently demonstrated when appended in peripheral (β) position to the phthalocyanine core. Furthermore, when compared to known porphyrin analogues, the interest in replacing the porphyrin by a phthalocyanine as the central core to obtain more fluorescent two-photon oxygen photosensitizers is clearly established. As such, this contribution paves the way for the future development of innovative biphotonic photosensitizers usable in theranostics.

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30

Park, Jiho, Taek Jeong, and Han Seb Moon. "Spectral–temporal biphoton waveform of photon pairs from cascade-type warm atoms." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (October 2, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73610-2.

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Abstract We investigate the spectral–temporal biphoton waveforms of the photon pairs emitted from cascade-type two-photon-coherent warm 87Rb atoms via the spontaneous four-wave mixing process in the 5S1/2–5P3/2–5D5/2 transition, under the condition of the different detuning frequencies (symmetric detuning conditions of ± 1 GHz) of the pump and coupling lasers relative to the 5P3/2 state. In both detuning cases corresponding to ± 1 GHz, the biphoton temporal waveforms and biphoton spectral waveforms of the photon pairs are measured by means of time-resolved coincidence photon counting and stimulated measurements, respectively. Although photon-pairs were generated using opposite detunings, we confirm that the spectral–temporal biphoton waveforms of the photon pairs are very similar. Furthermore, we observe Hong–Ou–Mandel interference with 82% visibility with the two independent heralded single photons.

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31

Khodadad Kashi, Anahita, Lynn Sader, Raktim Haldar, Benjamin Wetzel, and Michael Kues. "Frequency-to-Time Mapping Technique for Direct Spectral Characterization of Biphoton States From Pulsed Spontaneous Parametric Processes." Frontiers in Photonics 3 (March 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphot.2022.834065.

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The well-established frequency-to-time mapping technique is employed as a convenient and time-efficient method to directly characterize the spectral correlations of biphoton states from a pulsed-excited spontaneous parametric down-conversion process. We were enabled by this technique to implement for the first time, the spectral Hanbury-Brown and Twiss measurement, revealing directly the single frequency-mode bandwidth of the biphoton state.

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32

Debnath, Arunangshu, and Angel Rubio. "Entangled Biphoton Enhanced Double Quantum Coherence Signal as a Probe for Cavity Polariton Correlations in Presence of Phonon Induced Dephasing." Frontiers in Physics 10 (July 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2022.879113.

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We theoretically propose a biphoton entanglement-enhanced multidimensional spectroscopic technique as a probe for the dissipative polariton dynamics in the ultrafast regime. It is applied to the cavity-confined monomeric photosynthetic complex that represents a prototypical multi-site excitonic quantum aggregate. The proposed technique is shown to be particularly sensitive to inter-manifold polariton coherence between the two and one-excitation subspaces. It is demonstrated to be able to monitor the dynamical role of cavity-mediated excitonic correlations, and dephasing in the presence of phonon-induced dissipation. The non-classicality of the entangled biphoton sources is shown to enhance the ultra-fast and broadband correlation features of the signal, giving an indication about the underlying state correlations responsible for long-range cavity-assisted exciton migration.

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33

Halevy, A., E. Megidish, T. Shacham, L. Dovrat, and H. S. Eisenberg. "Projection of Two Biphoton Qutrits onto a Maximally Entangled State." Physical Review Letters 106, no. 13 (March 29, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.106.130502.

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34

Yamazaki, Tomohiro, Rikizo Ikuta, Toshiki Kobayashi, Shigehito Miki, Fumihiro China, Hirotaka Terai, Nobuyuki Imoto, and Takashi Yamamoto. "Massive-mode polarization entangled biphoton frequency comb." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (May 27, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12691-7.

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AbstractA frequency-multiplexed entangled photon pair and a high-dimensional hyperentangled photon pair are useful to realize a high-capacity quantum communication. A biphoton frequency comb (BFC) with entanglement can be used to prepare both states. We demonstrate polarization entangled BFCs with over 1400 frequency modes, which is approximately two orders of magnitude larger than those of earlier entangled BFCs, by placing a singly resonant periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide resonator within a Sagnac loop. The BFCs are demonstrated by measuring the joint spectral intensity, cross-correlation, and autocorrelation. Moreover, the polarization entanglement at representative groups of frequency modes is verified by quantum state tomography, where each fidelity is over 0.7. The efficient generation of a massive-mode entangled BFC is expected to accelerate the increase of capacity in quantum communication.

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35

Lu, Hsuan-Hao, Karthik V. Myilswamy, Ryan S. Bennink, Suparna Seshadri, Mohammed S. Alshaykh, Junqiu Liu, Tobias J. Kippenberg, Daniel E. Leaird, Andrew M. Weiner, and Joseph M. Lukens. "Bayesian tomography of high-dimensional on-chip biphoton frequency combs with randomized measurements." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (July 27, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31639-z.

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AbstractOwing in large part to the advent of integrated biphoton frequency combs, recent years have witnessed increased attention to quantum information processing in the frequency domain for its inherent high dimensionality and entanglement compatible with fiber-optic networks. Quantum state tomography of such states, however, has required complex and precise engineering of active frequency mixing operations, which are difficult to scale. To address these limitations, we propose a solution that employs a pulse shaper and electro-optic phase modulator to perform random operations instead of mixing in a prescribed manner. We successfully verify the entanglement and reconstruct the full density matrix of biphoton frequency combs generated from an on-chip Si3N4 microring resonator in up to an 8 × 8-dimensional two-qudit Hilbert space, the highest dimension to date for frequency bins. More generally, our employed Bayesian statistical model can be tailored to a variety of quantum systems with restricted measurement capabilities, forming an opportunistic tomographic framework that utilizes all available data in an optimal way.

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36

Riazi, Arash, Changjia Chen, Eric Y. Zhu, Alexey V. Gladyshev, Peter G. Kazansky, J. E. Sipe, and Li Qian. "Biphoton shaping with cascaded entangled-photon sources." npj Quantum Information 5, no. 1 (September 10, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0188-1.

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Abstract Quantum entanglement is an integral part of quantum optics and has been exploited in areas such as computation, cryptography and metrology. The entanglement between photons can be present in various degrees of freedom (DOFs), and even the simplest bi-partite systems can occupy a large Hilbert space. Therefore, it is desirable to exploit this multi-dimensional space for various quantum applications by fully controlling the properties of the entangled photons in multiple DOFs. While current entangled-photon sources are capable of generating entanglement in one or more DOFs, there is currently a lack of practical techniques that can shape and control the entanglement properties in multiple DOFs. Here we show that cascading two or more entangled-photon sources with tunable linear media in between allows us to generate photon-pairs whose entanglement properties can be tailored and shaped in the frequency and polarisation domains. We first develop a quantum mechanical model to study the quantum state generated from the cascade structure with special considerations paid to the effects of pump temporal coherence, linear dispersion, and in-structure polarisation transformation applied between the entangled-photon sources. We then experimentally generate photon-pairs with tunable entanglement properties by manipulating the dispersion and birefringence properties of the linear medium placed in between two entangled-photon sources. This is done in an all-fibre, phase stable, and alignment-free configuration. Our results show that the cascade structure offers a great deal of flexibility in tuning the properties of entangled photons in multiple DOFs, opening up a new avenue in engineering quantum light sources.

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Fabre, N., G. Maltese, F. Appas, S. Felicetti, A. Ketterer, A. Keller, T. Coudreau, et al. "Generation of a time-frequency grid state with integrated biphoton frequency combs." Physical Review A 102, no. 1 (July 6, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.102.012607.

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Baghdasaryan, Baghdasar, Fabian Steinlechner, and Stephan Fritzsche. "Characterization of opening angle correlations of a biphoton state decomposed in Bessel modes." Physical Review A 101, no. 4 (April 29, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.101.043844.

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39

Kumano, H., H. Nakajima, T. Kuroda, T. Mano, K. Sakoda, and I. Suemune. "Nonlocal biphoton generation in a Werner state from a single semiconductor quantum dot." Physical Review B 91, no. 20 (May 26, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.91.205437.

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40

Baghdasaryan, Baghdasar, Carlos Sevilla-Gutiérrez, Fabian Steinlechner, and Stephan Fritzsche. "Generalized description of the spatio-temporal biphoton state in spontaneous parametric down-conversion." Physical Review A 106, no. 6 (December 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.106.063711.

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41

Baghdasaryan, Baghdasar, Fabian Steinlechner, and Stephan Fritzsche. "Maximizing the validity of the Gaussian approximation for the biphoton state from parametric down-conversion." Physical Review A 106, no. 6 (December 20, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.106.063714.

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42

Roux, Filippus S. "Infinitesimal-propagation equation for decoherence of an orbital-angular-momentum-entangled biphoton state in atmospheric turbulence." Physical Review A 83, no. 5 (May 17, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.83.053822.

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43

Chang, Kai-Chi, Xiang Cheng, Murat Can Sarihan, Abhinav Kumar Vinod, Yoo Seung Lee, Tian Zhong, Yan-Xiao Gong, et al. "648 Hilbert-space dimensionality in a biphoton frequency comb: entanglement of formation and Schmidt mode decomposition." npj Quantum Information 7, no. 1 (March 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00388-0.

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AbstractQudit entanglement is an indispensable resource for quantum information processing since increasing dimensionality provides a pathway to higher capacity and increased noise resilience in quantum communications, and cluster-state quantum computations. In continuous-variable time–frequency entanglement, encoding multiple qubits per photon is only limited by the frequency correlation bandwidth and detection timing jitter. Here, we focus on the discrete-variable time–frequency entanglement in a biphoton frequency comb (BFC), generating by filtering the signal and idler outputs with a fiber Fabry–Pérot cavity with 45.32 GHz free-spectral range (FSR) and 1.56 GHz full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) from a continuous-wave (cw)-pumped type-II spontaneous parametric downconverter (SPDC). We generate a BFC whose time-binned/frequency-binned Hilbert space dimensionality is at least 324, based on the assumption of a pure state. Such BFC’s dimensionality doubles up to 648, after combining with its post-selected polarization entanglement, indicating a potential 6.28 bits/photon classical-information capacity. The BFC exhibits recurring Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) dips over 61 time bins with a maximum visibility of 98.4% without correction for accidental coincidences. In a post-selected measurement, it violates the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality for polarization entanglement by up to 18.5 standard deviations with an S-parameter of up to 2.771. It has Franson interference recurrences in 16 time bins with a maximum visibility of 96.1% without correction for accidental coincidences. From the zeroth- to the third-order Franson interference, we infer an entanglement of formation (Eof) up to 1.89 ± 0.03 ebits—where 2 ebits is the maximal entanglement for a 4 × 4 dimensional biphoton—as a lower bound on the 61 time-bin BFC’s high-dimensional entanglement. To further characterize time-binned/frequency-binned BFCs we obtain Schmidt mode decompositions of BFCs generated using cavities with 45.32, 15.15, and 5.03 GHz FSRs. These decompositions confirm the time–frequency scaling from Fourier-transform duality. Moreover, we present the theory of conjugate Franson interferometry—because it is characterized by the state’s joint-temporal intensity (JTI)—which can further help to distinguish between pure-state BFC and mixed state entangled frequency pairs, although the experimental implementation is challenging and not yet available. In summary, our BFC serves as a platform for high-dimensional quantum information processing and high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD).

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44

Hu, Zhengda, Yun Zhu, and Jicheng Wang. "Quantum coherence of thermal biphoton orbital angular momentum state and its distribution in non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence." Optics Express, May 16, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.456604.

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Zhang, Dasen, and Zhiming Zhang. "The X-like shaped spatiotemporal structure of the biphoton entangled state in a cold two-level atomic ensemble." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 (February 20, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep42373.

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46

Phehlukwayo, Samukelisiwe Purity, Marie Louise Umuhire, Yaseera Ismail, Stuti Joshi, and Francesco Petruccione. "Influence of coincidence detection of a biphoton state through free-space atmospheric turbulence using a partially spatially coherent pump." Physical Review A 102, no. 3 (September 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.102.033732.

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47

Roux, Filippus S. "Erratum: Infinitesimal-propagation equation for decoherence of an orbital-angular-momentum-entangled biphoton state in atmospheric turbulence [Phys. Rev. A83, 053822 (2011)]." Physical Review A 88, no. 4 (October 31, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.88.049906.

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48

Yang, Yu, Federico Belliardo, Vittorio Giovannetti, and Fuli Li. "Untwining multiple parameters at the exclusive zero-coincidence points with quantum control." New Journal of Physics, December 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/acae00.

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Abstract In this paper we address a special case of “sloppy” quantum estimation procedures which happens in the presence of intertwined parameters. A collection of parameters are said to be intertwined when their imprinting on the quantum probe that mediates the estimation procedure, is performed by a set of linearly dependent generators. Under this circumstance the individual values of the parameters can not be recovered unless one tampers with the encoding process itself. An example is presented by studying the estimation of the relative time-delays that accumulate along two parallel optical transmission lines. In this case we show that the parameters can be effectively untwined by inserting a sequence of balanced beam splitters (and eventually adding an extra phase shift on one of the lines) that couples the two lines at regular intervals in a setup that remind us a generalized Hong-Ou-Mandel (GHOM) interferometer. For the case of two time delays we prove that, when the employed probe is the frequency-correlated biphoton state, the untwining occurs in correspondence of exclusive zero-coincidence (EZC) point. Furthermore we show the statistical independence of two time delays and the optimality of the quantum Fisher information at the EZC point. Finally we prove the compatibility of this scheme by checking the weak commutativity condition associated with the symmetric logarithmic derivative operators.

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Bogdanov, Yu I., M. V. Chekhova, S. P. Kulik, G. A. Maslennikov, A. A. Zhukov., C. H. Oh, and M. K. Tey. "Qutrit State Engineering with Biphotons." Physical Review Letters 93, no. 23 (December 1, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.93.230503.

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50

Du, Shengwang. "Quantum-state purity of heralded single photons produced from frequency-anticorrelated biphotons." Physical Review A 92, no. 4 (October 28, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.92.043836.

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