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Journal articles on the topic 'Biphenyl compounds'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Layton, A. C., M. Muccini, M. M. Ghosh, and G. S. Sayler. "Construction of a Bioluminescent Reporter Strain To Detect Polychlorinated Biphenyls." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 5023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.12.5023-5026.1998.

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ABSTRACT A bioluminescent reporter strain, Ralstonia eutrophaENV307(pUTK60), was constructed for the detection of polychlorinated biphenyls by inserting the biphenyl promoter upstream of the bioluminescence genes. In the presence of a nonionic surfactant, which enhances the solubility of chlorinated biphenyls, bioluminescence was induced three- to fourfold over background by biphenyl, monochlorinated biphenyls, and Aroclor 1242. The minimum detection limits for these compounds ranged from 0.15 mg/liter for 4-chlorobiphenyl to 1.5 mg/liter for Aroclor 1242.
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2

Gorbachev, Stanislav A., and yacheslav V. Zuev. "Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of Biphenyl Derivatives with Central Unit Based on 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate Oligomers." Liquid Crystals and their Application 22, no. 4 (December 22, 2022): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18083/lcappl.2022.4.27.

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A number of compounds with biphenyl as a mesogenic fragment and a structure simulating LC dimers, polymers with mesogenic side chain groups and a star-shaped structure have been synthesized. An approach for the synthesis of such compounds under mild conditions and without a complex purification procedure with a quantitative yield, has been developed. The approach is the implementation of “click chemistry” methods for the synthesis of LC compounds. It has been shown that the LC state is observed only if there are three biphenyls in one molecule, i.e., the compounds appear to be similar to polyesters with biphenyl as a mesogenic moiety. The determining factor in the formation of the LC state and particularly smectic mesomorphism of compounds with such a potentially “weak” mesogen as biphenyl is the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
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3

Chizzali, Cornelia, and Ludger Beerhues. "Phytoalexins of the Pyrinae: Biphenyls and dibenzofurans." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (April 20, 2012): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.68.

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Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are the phytoalexins of the Pyrinae, a subtribe of the plant family Rosaceae. The Pyrinae correspond to the long-recognized Maloideae. Economically valuable species of the Pyrinae are apples and pears. Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are formed de novo in response to infection by bacterial and fungal pathogens. The inducible defense compounds were also produced in cell suspension cultures after treatment with biotic and abiotic elicitors. The antimicrobial activity of the phytoalexins was demonstrated. To date, 10 biphenyls and 17 dibenzofurans were isolated from 14 of the 30 Pyrinae genera. The most widely distributed compounds are the biphenyl aucuparin and the dibenzofuran γ-cotonefuran. The biosynthesis of the two classes of defense compounds is not well understood, despite the importance of the fruit crops. More recent studies have revealed simultaneous accumulation of biphenyls and dibenzofurans, suggesting sequential, rather than the previously proposed parallel, biosynthetic pathways. Elicitor-treated cell cultures of Sorbus aucuparia served as a model system for studying phytoalexin metabolism. The key enzyme that forms the carbon skeleton is biphenyl synthase. The starter substrate for this type-III polyketide synthase is benzoyl-CoA. In apples, biphenyl synthase is encoded by a gene family, members of which are differentially regulated. Metabolism of the phytoalexins may provide new tools for designing disease control strategies for fruit trees of the Pyrinae subtribe.
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4

Şişman, T., F. Geyikoğlu, and M. Atamanalp. "Early life-stage toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) following embryonal exposure to selected polychlorinated biphenyls." Toxicology and Industrial Health 23, no. 9 (October 2007): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233708089042.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls are a widespread aquatic contaminant. In this article, specific polychlorinated biphenyl congeners were examined for embryo and early life-stage toxicity in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). A set of three polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 126, mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 28 and di-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 153) were tested. The typical lesions observed were yolk sac edema, vertebra defect, craniofacial malformations (double head, triple retina), anaxial body and inhibition of swim bladder inflation. Moreover, embryo and larval mortality increased and hatching success decreased. The severity of abnormalities and mortalities were concentration- and congener-dependent. Of the compounds tested, polychlorinated biphenyl congener 126 was found to be highly toxic to the fish embryos following exposure. The Lethal Concentration 50 values for polychlorinated biphenyl 28, polychlorinated biphenyl 126, polychlorinated biphenyl 153 calculated by probit analysis were 3.270, 1.298 and 5.375 ppm, respectively. The inhibition of swim bladder inflation was the most sensitive endpoint measured, and it is suggested that the inhibition of swim bladder inflation may be mediated by mechanism with an aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation.
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5

Seeger, Michael, Beatriz Cámara, and Bernd Hofer. "Dehalogenation, Denitration, Dehydroxylation, and Angular Attack on Substituted Biphenyls and Related Compounds by a Biphenyl Dioxygenase." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 12 (June 15, 2001): 3548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.12.3548-3555.2001.

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ABSTRACT The attack by the bph-encoded biphenyl dioxygenase ofBurkholderia sp. strain LB400 on a number of symmetricalortho-substituted biphenyls or quasiortho-substituted biphenyl analogues has been investigated. 2,2′-Difluoro-, 2,2′-dibromo-, 2,2′-dinitro-, and 2,2′-dihydroxybiphenyl were accepted as substrates. Dioxygenation of all of these compounds showed a strong preference for the semisubstituted pair of vicinal ortho and metacarbons, leading to the formation of 2′-substituted 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyls by subsequent elimination of HX (X = F, Br, NO2, or OH). All of these products were further metabolized by 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenases of Burkholderiasp. strain LB400 or of Rhodococcus globerulus P6. Dibenzofuran and dibenzodioxin, which may be regarded as analogues of doubly ortho-substituted biphenyls or diphenylethers, respectively, were attacked at the “quasi ortho” carbon (the angular position 4a) and its neighbor. This shows that an aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase of class IIB is able to attack angular carbons. The catechols formed, 2,3,2′-trihydroxybiphenyl and 2,3,2′-trihydroxydiphenylether, were further metabolized by 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase. While angular attack by the biphenyl dioxygenase was the main route of dibenzodioxin oxidation, lateral dioxygenation leading to dihydrodiols was the major reaction with dibenzofuran. These results indicate that this enzyme is capable of hydroxylating ortho or angular carbons carrying a variety of substituents which exert electron-withdrawing inductive effects. They also support the view that the conversions of phenols into catechols by ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases, such as the transformation of 2,2′-dihydroxybiphenyl into 2,3,2′-trihydroxybiphenyl, are the results of di- rather than of monooxygenations. Lateral dioxygenation of dibenzofuran and subsequent dehydrogenation and extradiol dioxygenation by a number of biphenyl-degrading strains yielded intensely colored dead-end products. Thus, dibenzofuran can be a useful chromogenic indicator for the activity of the first three enzymes of biphenyl catabolic pathways.
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6

Wang, Xing, Hao-Yu Fu, Wei He, Yu-Ting Xiang, Ze-Cheng Yang, Yi Kuang, and Sheng-Xiang Yang. "Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of Biphenyl and Dibenzofuran Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 44, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 4087–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb44090280.

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The escalating prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to a serious global public health problem; therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of structurally innovative antibacterial agents. In our study, a series of biphenyl and dibenzofuran derivatives were designed and synthesized by Suzuki-coupling and demethylation reactions in moderate to excellent yields (51–94% yield). Eleven compounds exhibited potent antibacterial activities against the prevalent antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, among which compounds 4′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4,5-triol (6i) and 5-(9H-carbazol-2-yl) benzene-1,2,3-triol (6m) showed the most potent inhibitory activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values as low as 3.13 and 6.25 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 3′,5′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4,4′,5-tetraol (6e), 4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4,5-triol (6g), and 4′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4,5-triol (6i) showed comparable inhibitory activities with ciprofloxacin to Gram-negative bacterium carbapenems-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Study of the structure–activity relationship indicated that a strong electron-withdrawing group on the A ring and hydroxyl groups on the B ring of biphenyls were beneficial to their antibacterial activities, and for benzo-heterocycles, N-heterocycle exhibited optimal antibacterial activity. These results can provide novel structures of antibacterial drugs chemically different from currently known antibiotics and broaden prospects for the development of effective antibiotics against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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7

Goldschmidt and P. Modderman. "Biphenyl derivatives II. Basic 4-Biphenyl compounds." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 69, no. 9 (September 2, 2010): 1109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19500690905.

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8

Maysoon T.Tawfiq. "Synthesis and characterization of some new heterocyclic compounds." Journal of the College of Basic Education 20, no. 86 (February 2, 2023): 1031–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v20i86.9745.

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This work includes preparing of some new derivatives of pyrimidine ,pyrazolidine, and isoxazolidine from the reaction between tetraethyl 2,2' -(1E,1E' )- biphenyl ll-4, 4' -diylbis(diazene-1,2-diyl)dimalonate(1) and ammonia derivatives in dry ethanol to obtain the six membered hetero rings: 5,5'-(1E,1E') biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis (diazo-1,2-diyl)bis(2-mercaptopyrimidine-4,6-diol)(2) ; 5,5'-(1E,1E' ) biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(diazo-1,2-diyl)dipyrimidine-2,4,6-triol(3);5,5'-(1E,1E')-biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis (diazo-1,2-diyl)bis(2-aminopyridine-4,6-diol)(4); and five membered hetero ring: 4,4' -(1E,1E')-biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(diazene-1,2-diyl)dipyrazolidine-3,5-dione(5);4,4'-(1E , 1E')-biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(diazene-1,2-diyl)bis(1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione)(6); 4,4'-(1E,1E')-biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis (diazene-1,2-diyl)diisoxazolidine-3,5-dione)(7). The prepared compounds were characterized by spectral methods FT-IR ,1H-NMR and measurement of some of its physical properties ; and the reaction was followed by TLC.
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9

Gesell, Manuela, Elke Hammer, Michael Specht, Wittko Francke, and Frieder Schauer. "Biotransformation of Biphenyl by Paecilomyces lilacinus and Characterization of Ring Cleavage Products." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 1551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.4.1551-1557.2001.

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ABSTRACT We examined the pathway by which the fungicide biphenyl is metabolized in the imperfect fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus. The initial oxidation yielded the three monohydroxylated biphenyls. Further hydroxylation occurred on the first and the second aromatic ring systems, resulting in the formation of five di- and trihydroxylated metabolites. The fungus could cleave the aromatic structures, resulting in the transformation of biphenyl viaortho-substituted dihydroxybiphenyl to six-ring fission products. All compounds were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These compounds include 2-hydroxy-4-phenylmuconic acid and 2-hydroxy-4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-muconic acid, which were produced from 3,4-dihydroxybiphenyl and further transformed to the corresponding lactones 4-phenyl-2-pyrone-6-carboxylic acid and 4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-2-pyrone-6-carboxylic acid, which accumulated in large amounts. Two additional ring cleavage products were identified as (5-oxo-3-phenyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)-acetic acid and [5-oxo-3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-acetic acid. We found that P. lilacinus has a high transformation capacity for biphenyl, which could explain this organism's tolerance to this fungicide.
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10

Parnell, J. Jacob, Joonhong Park, Vincent Denef, Tamara Tsoi, Syed Hashsham, John Quensen, and James M. Tiedje. "Coping with Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Toxicity: Physiological and Genome-Wide Responses of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 to PCB-Mediated Stress." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 10 (August 21, 2006): 6607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01129-06.

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ABSTRACT The biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) relies on the ability of aerobic microorganisms such as Burkholderia xenovorans sp. LB400 to tolerate two potential modes of toxicity presented by PCB degradation: passive toxicity, as hydrophobic PCBs potentially disrupt membrane and protein function, and degradation-dependent toxicity from intermediates of incomplete degradation. We monitored the physiological characteristics and genome-wide expression patterns of LB400 in response to the presence of Aroclor 1242 (500 ppm) under low expression of the structural biphenyl pathway (succinate and benzoate growth) and under induction by biphenyl. We found no inhibition of growth or change in fatty acid profile due to PCBs under nondegrading conditions. Moreover, we observed no differential gene expression due to PCBs themselves. However, PCBs did have a slight effect on the biosurface area of LB400 cells and caused slight membrane separation. Upon activation of the biphenyl pathway, we found growth inhibition from PCBs beginning after exponential-phase growth suggestive of the accumulation of toxic compounds. Genome-wide expression profiling revealed 47 differentially expressed genes (0.56% of all genes) under these conditions. The biphenyl and catechol pathways were induced as expected, but the quinoprotein methanol metabolic pathway and a putative chloroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase were also highly expressed. As the latter protein is essential to conversion of toxic metabolites in dichloroethane degradation, it may play a similar role in the degradation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds resulting from PCB degradation.
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11

Rahmani Samani, Marzieh, Gilda D’Urso, Filomena Nazzaro, Florinda Fratianni, Milena Masullo, and Sonia Piacente. "Phytochemical Investigation and Biofilm-Inhibitory Activity of Bachtiari Savory (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge) Aerial Parts." Plants 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13010067.

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Satureja bachtiarica is an endemic plant from the Lamiaceae family, growing in the Zagros mountain range in Iran. Even if S. bachtiarica is reported to possess many biological activities, little is known about its chemical composition. For this reason, in the present research, a phytochemical investigation of this species was carried out. To have a preliminary metabolite profile of S. bachtiarica, the n-BuOH extract was analyzed using LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS in negative ion mode, allowing the identification of specialized metabolites belonging to flavonoid, monoterpene, indol, phenylpropanoid, phenolic, lignan, coumarin, biphenyl, and triterpene classes. The LC-MS/MS analysis guided the isolation of compounds, and their structures were characterized using spectroscopic methods including 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments and HRMSn analysis. In this way, a compound never reported before belonging to the biphenyl class was identified. Total flavonoid content of the extract along with the antioxidant activity were assessed. Based on the traditional uses of S. bachtiarica suggesting potential antibacterial properties, an evaluation of the biofilm inhibitory activity of the extract and isolated compounds against mature biofilms of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as their influence on the metabolism of sessile bacterial cells, was conducted. The results evidenced that some compounds including parmentin B, biphenyls, and 1-(1H-indole-3-carboxylate)-β-D-glucopyranoside might inhibit some changes occurring in the bacterial cells, which increases their virulence. In particular, biphenyl derivatives at a concentration of 80 μg/mL were capable of limiting remarkably the mature biofilms of A. baumannii and L. monocytogenes remarkably at a percentage ranging between 52.76% and 75.02%, and they reached an inhibition percentage of 69.28 % against E. coli. Biphenyl derivatives were also effective in exerting an inhibitory action against the mature biofilm of P. aeruginosa (inhibition ranging from 59.38% to 81.08%) and Staphylococcus aureus (inhibition percentage reached 82.94%). Of note, the biphenyl derivatives resulted in being capable of acting on the metabolism of the cells within the biofilm of all five pathogens.
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12

Lehmler, Hans-Joachim, Larry W. Robertson, Sean Parkin, and Carolyn Pratt Brock. "Z′ = 4 structure without obvious pseudosymmetry: implications for the formation of solid-state compounds." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 58, no. 1 (January 24, 2001): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768101018043.

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Crystals of 4-chloro-2′-biphenylol grown at 263 K and studied at both 293 and 142 K are loosely packed and contain OH...O bonded tetramers composed of four crystallographically independent molecules (Z′ = 4). Approximate symmetry relationships between independent molecules are apparent in many, perhaps even most, structures with Z′ > 1, but are not obvious in this structure. The inefficient crystal packing, the surprisingly large value of Z′ and the absence of pseudosymmetry reflect the difficulty of finding a dense molecular arrangement that also allows for hydrogen-bond formation. Impediments to good packing are the steric congestion around the ortho hydroxyl groups and the difficulty in filling space with significantly twisted biphenyl fragments. The packing arrangement adopted is strongly reminiscent of the structure type found for eight simple 4,4′-biphenyl derivatives, but one of the four independent 4-chloro-2′-biphenylol molecules has an orientation that is significantly different from the orientations of the other three and that does not fit the 4,4′-XPhPhY pattern. It is suggested that molecules that crystallize with Z′ > 1 are good candidates for solid-state compound formation.
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13

Khullar, Anju. "Studies and Synthesis of Substituted 4-Biphenyl Acetamide Derivatives." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 3 (2019): 510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21579.

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A new series of substituted 4-biphenylamides have been synthesized by condensation of 4-biphenyl acetic acid with different primary amines (aromatic and aliphatic). 4-Biphenyl acetic acid was first treated with thionyl chloride in dry benzene to prepare substituted 4-biphenyl acetyl chloride, which is then treated with different aliphatic or aromatic amines to synthesize various substituted 4-biphenyl acid-amide derivatives. The structure of newly synthesized compounds has been established by analytical and spectral methods. These synthesized compounds have shown antifungal properties against Fusarium udum and Curvularia lunata.
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14

Suenaga, Hikaru, Takahito Watanabe, Mika Sato, Ngadiman, and Kensuke Furukawa. "Alteration of Regiospecificity in Biphenyl Dioxygenase by Active-Site Engineering." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 13 (July 1, 2002): 3682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.13.3682-3688.2002.

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ABSTRACT Biphenyl dioxygenase (Bph Dox) is responsible for the initial dioxygenation step during the metabolism of biphenyl. The large subunit (BphA1) of Bph Dox plays a crucial role in the determination of the substrate specificity of biphenyl-related compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Based on crystallographic analyses of naphthalene dioxygenase (B. Kauppi, K. Lee, E. Carredano, R. E. Parales, D. T. Gibson, H. Eklund, and S. Ramaswamy, Structure 6:571-586, 1998), we developed a three-dimensional model of KF707 BphA1 of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707. Based on structural information about the amino acids which coordinate the catalytic nonheme iron center, we constructed 12 site-directed BphA1 mutants with changes at positions 227, 332, 335, 376, 377, and 383 and expressed these enzymes in Escherichia coli. The Ile335Phe, Thr376Asn, and Phe377Leu Bph Dox mutants exhibited altered regiospecificities for various PCBs compared with wild-type Bph Dox. In particular, the Ile335Phe mutant acquired the ability to degrade 2,5,2′,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl by 3,4-dioxygenation and showed bifunctional 2,3-dioxygenase and 3,4-dioxygenase activities for 2,5,2′-trichlorobiphenyl and 2,5,4′-trichlorobiphenyl. Furthermore, two mutants, the Phe227Val and Phe377Ala mutants, introduced molecular oxygen at the 2,3 position, forming 3-chloro-2′,3′-dihydroxy biphenyl with concomitant dechlorination.
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15

Patel, Pineshkumar N., and Denish C. Karia. "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Series of Diversely Substituted Acetyl Pyrazoline Bearing Biphenyl Carbonitrile Motif." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 69 (August 2016): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.69.42.

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Novel series of diversely substituted acetyl pyrazoline having biphenyl carbonitrile motif have been synthesized. The reaction of 2-cyno-4’-bromomethyl biphenyl with1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone resulted in acetophenone derivative of biphenyl-2-carbonitrile. This acetophenone derivative was condensed with substituted aromatic aldehyde in mixed solvent resulted in various substituted chalcones. These chalcones were further cyclized using hydrazine hydrate in presence of glacial acetic acid to produce titled compound derivatives. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were elucidated by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR FT-IR and mass spectra. Synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity by broth dilution method. Out of twelve newly synthesized compounds, eight compounds are found to be equipotent to Ampicillin.
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16

Patel, Pineshkumar N., and Denish C. Karia. "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Series of Diversely Substituted Acetyl Pyrazoline Bearing Biphenyl Carbonitrile Motif." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 69 (August 12, 2016): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-al2z39.

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Novel series of diversely substituted acetyl pyrazoline having biphenyl carbonitrile motif have been synthesized. The reaction of 2-cyno-4’-bromomethyl biphenyl with1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone resulted in acetophenone derivative of biphenyl-2-carbonitrile. This acetophenone derivative was condensed with substituted aromatic aldehyde in mixed solvent resulted in various substituted chalcones. These chalcones were further cyclized using hydrazine hydrate in presence of glacial acetic acid to produce titled compound derivatives. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were elucidated by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR FT-IR and mass spectra. Synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity by broth dilution method. Out of twelve newly synthesized compounds, eight compounds are found to be equipotent to Ampicillin.
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17

Egorova, Darya O. "Polychlorinated biphenyls as a cause of ecological problems and development of remediation technologies based on biological agents." Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature 9, no. 2 (2023): 68–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2023-2-68-88.

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The review presents an analysis of currently pressing problems associated with environmental pollution by polychlorinated biphenyls – compounds included in the list of Persistent Organic Pollutants under the international con-vention. The structural features of the polychlorinated biphenyl molecule and their interaction with the environment and living organisms are shown. The main attention is paid to aerobic bacteria, one of the main components of soil microbi-ocenosis. It was shown that long-term exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls led to the preferential selection in contaminated microbiocenosis of bacteria capable of using polychlorinated biphenyls as a source of carbon and energy. The most active strains served as the basis for biotechnological preparations aimed at removing PCBs from the environment.
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18

Ruffin, Brigitte, Stéphane Grelier, Aziz Nourmamode, and Alain Castellan. "Attempt to approach the role of phenolic phenylpropenol structures in the photoyellowing of softwood mechanical pulps." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 1223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-123.

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Three biphenyl (I, II, III) compounds and a benzylarylether (IV) compound were synthesized to detect and quantify the presence of phenolic phenylpropenols in unbleached, peroxide-bleached, or sodium borohydride-reduced mechanical softwood pulps. The methodology used is based on a gas chromatography – mass spectrometry search of the prepared compounds in the residue obtained after ethylation, thioacidolysis, and desulfurization of the pulps. Detection of biphenyl I ([Formula: see text]4 × 10–6 mol g–1) in unbleached and NaBH4-reduced pulps is indicative of the presence of phenolic coniferaldehyde units in these pulps. Traces of biphenyl II, found in the peroxide-bleached pulp, probably came from ferulic acid units formed by oxidation of coniferaldehyde by H2O2. No biphenyl ether III or benzylaryl ether IV were detected in the three pulps. This result indicates that phenolic phenylpropenol units are not present in softwood mechanical pulps and do not contribute to the fast part of their photoyellowing.Key words: mechanical pulp, photoyellowing, phenol, coniferyl alcohol, biphenyl.
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19

Penon, Oriol, Filippo Marsico, Davide Santucci, Laura Rodríguez, David B. Amabilino, and Lluïsa Pérez-García. "Multiply biphenyl substituted zinc(II) porphyrin and phthalocyanine as components for molecular materials." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 16, no. 12 (December 2012): 1293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424612501453.

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The preparation and physico-chemical characteristics of zinc(II) porphyrin and phthalocyanine derivatives with biphenyl units are reported. These compounds have been prepared as components for molecular electronics systems and rotor-based molecular machines, where the biphenyl units can act as paddles because they are oriented quasi-perpendicularly to the plane of the aromatic macrocycles which would be coordianted through the transition metal ion by an axial ligand. The minimalist design along with the absence of solubilizing groups leads to a low solubility of the compounds in organic solvents; the phthalocyanines is only sparingly soluble while the porphyrin is more easily manipulated, but in any case the concentration of both compounds is sufficient for surface deposition. The luminescence of the compounds is characteristic of the central unit, although it is clear in the absorption spectra that the phthalocyanine derivative has a particularly strong tendency to aggregate non-specifically. The porphyrin forms microcrystals while the phthalocyanines which bears eight biphenyl units forms amorphous aggregates from 1,2-dichlorobenzene reminiscent of glasses of other biphenyl derivatives, which is interesting for the preparation of amorphous materials for optics applications.
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20

BOUQUETSOMRANI, C., A. FINIELS, P. GRAFFIN, and J. OLIVE. "Photocatalytic degradation of hydroxylated biphenyl compounds." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 8, no. 1 (February 29, 1996): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-3373(95)00059-3.

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21

Subbiah Pandi, A., D. Velmurugan, V. Raghu Kumar, V. T. Ramakrishnan, S. Shanmuga Sundararaj, and H. K. Fun. "Crystal Structures of Two Biphenyl Compounds." Crystal Research and Technology 35, no. 11-12 (November 2000): 1373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4079(200011)35:11/12<1373::aid-crat1373>3.0.co;2-r.

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22

Spasov, Alexander A., Anastasia A. Brigadirova, Olga N. Zhukovskaya, Anatoly S. Morkovnik, and Yuliya V. Lifanova. "Search for compounds with antioxidant and antiradical activity among N9-substituted 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles." Research Results in Pharmacology 8, no. 3 (August 18, 2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.85498.

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Introduction: Biphenyl and imidazobenzimidazole derivatives attract ongoing attention as a combination of these two privileged substructures with promising pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to synthesize and investigate in vitro antioxidant activity of promising novel compounds: 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles. Materials and methods: The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and CHBr(Cl)NO analyses. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activity: inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO), 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) radical cation decolorization and inhibition of hemoglobin (Hb)-H2O2-induced luminol chemiluminescence. Results and discussion: 2-Amino-3-[(2-biphenyl-4-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl)]-1-R-1Н-benzimidazolium bromides were synthesized, and their cyclization into functionalized imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives was studied. The resulting compounds showed LPO inhibitory activity comparable to that of dibunol. Compounds 1a and 1d (see graphical abstract), containing a methyl or dimethylaminoethyl substituent in the N9 position also proved to be equally highly active in the Hb-H2O2-induced luminol chemiluminescence model, while compound 1a was somewhat more active than 1d in the ABTS• radical scavenging assay. Conclusion: The study showed that compounds 1a and 1d have the highest antioxidant activity. Thus, this new class of 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives represents a valuable leading series with great potential for use as antioxidants and as promising candidates for further efficacy evaluation. Graphical abstract:
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23

Somani, R., P. Dubey, and S. Zine. "MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF BIPHENYL BASED SCHIFF’S BASES AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION." INDIAN DRUGS 55, no. 03 (March 28, 2018): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.55.03.11218.

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Schiff’s base constitutes a significant class of compounds for new drug development. They are widely used for industrial purposes and also exhibit a broad range of biological activities. The search for Schiff’s base containing compounds with more selective activity and lower side effects continues to be an active area of argument examination in medicinal chemistry. The biphenyl molecule consists of two connected phenyl rings. Biphenyl ring scaffolds are fairly non-reactive in nature. They enhance the log-P values; increase the tropical polar surface area (TPSA) of the molecule, act as hydrophobic carrier across biological membrane, thus, increasing the bioavailability of compounds. In the present work, a series of Schiff’s bases of biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid have been synthesized. These derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and 1H NMR spectral data and have been explored for anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-tubercular activities. The synthesized compounds have shown excellent anti-fungal potential, making them good candidates for future studies in antifungal research.
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24

Pawar, P. Y., P. M. Gaikwad, and P. H. Balani. "Microwave Assisted Synthesis of N-Substituted-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoquinolines as Anticonvulsant Agents." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 2 (2011): 945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/121476.

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The reaction of resorcinol with ethylacetoacetate yielded the 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin (1), which on treatment with benzidine gives 1-(4ʹ-amino-biphenyl-4-yl)-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (2). 1-{4ʹ-[(Substituted benzylidene)-amino]-biphenyl-4-yl}-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (3a-j) were obtained by reacting 1-(4ʹ-amino-biphenyl-4-yl)-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (2) with different substituted aromatic aldehydes in presence of glacial acetic acid by microwave irradiation. The compound 1-{4ɴ-[(substituted benzylidene)-amino]-biphenyl-4-yl}-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (3a-j) on cyclization with chloro acetyl chloride in presence of triethylamine as catalyst under microwave irradiation furnished 1-{4ʹ-[3-chloro-2-(substituted phenyl)-4-oxo-azetidin-1-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (4a-j). Purity of synthesized compounds was checked by TLC and the structures were elucidated by their IR,1H NMR, Mass and elemental analysis data. The synthesized compounds were screened for anticonvulsant activity.
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25

Orzeszko, Andrzej, Dorota Melon-Ksyta, Ewa Kowalczyk, and Krzysztof Czupryński. "Synthesis and Liquid Crystalline Properties of Novel Imides and Thioimides with Chiral Aliphatic Tails." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 58, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 1015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-1013.

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Three chiral compounds (R)-octan-2-ol, (S)-citronellol and (S)-citronellyl bromide were used for the synthesis of novel ester imides with biphenyl moieties as mesogenic units. Observations by means of polarising microscopy as well as DSC measurements revealed the presence of SmC* and/or SmA phases for all the compounds examined. It was found that the biphenyl units with long chiral alkoxy substituents induce smectic C phases.
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26

Mokhtar, Gofran Safi, and Nuha Hussain Al-Saadawy. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Theoretical Study of a New Organotellurium Ligands Containing Amino Group." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 23, no. 1 (October 6, 2022): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.75583.

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The aim of the current study is to prepare organomercury and organotellurium compounds containing amino groups such as [1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine and their derivatives by a mercuriation reaction. The research includes the preparation of a new organotellurium compound based on [1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine. C12H10NHgCl (A) was obtained by mercuriation reaction to [1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine by mercuric acetate and lithium chloride. C12H10Br3NTe (B), C24H20N2Br2Te (C), C24H20N2Te (D), and C24H20N2Te2 (E) were prepared by different reactions to get the corresponding compounds. All the prepared ligands were characterized by using infrared spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. DFT has been obtained by the basis set 3-21G to investigate the molecular structure of the new prepared organotellurium compounds. HOMO and LUMO surfaces, geometrical structure, and energy gap have been obtained throughout the geometry optimization. Finally, the electron affinity, electronegativity, electrophilicity, ionization potential, and lower case of organotellurium compounds have been calculated and discussed. The result of the chemical analysis showed that it agreed with the proposed chemical structures, and a theoretical study using DFT has concluded that more stability of the prepared organotellurium compounds.
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27

Gałuszka, Agnieszka, Zdzisław M. Migaszewski, and Neil L. Rose. "A consideration of polychlorinated biphenyls as a chemostratigraphic marker of the Anthropocene." Anthropocene Review 7, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019620916488.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls, organic pollutants of anthropogenic origin, were widely used in many industrial applications worldwide roughly from the 1930s to the 1970s. Both the use and disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls contributed to their ubiquity in different environmental compartments, and they show extremely high persistence because of their high physical and chemical stability. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental archives located in different parts of the world usually show an initial increase in the 1940s–1950s and maxima in the 1960s–1970s followed by a sharp decline following the ban in their use. Thus, the increase in polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations would appear to be suitable as a chronostratigraphic marker in Anthropocene strata. This manuscript discusses the polychlorinated biphenyls record in different environmental archives in the context of temporal and spatial trends in production and application of these compounds as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the use of polychlorinated biphenyls in the chemostratigraphy of the Anthropocene series.
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28

Tan, Monica Bernard, Alexandre N. Sobolev, Colin L. Raston, Scott J. Dalgarno, and Irene Ling. "Interplay of Ionic Species in Salts of Homoleptic Quaternary Phosphonium Cations Bearing Linear Biphenyl Moieties." Crystals 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13010059.

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Quaternary phosphonium salts are popular candidates used in many chemical transformations and synthetic chemistry, notably in catalysis. We have examined the single crystals of two bulky phosphonium compounds, tetra([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl) phosphonium dicyanamide (C48H36P+·N(CN)2−, compound 1), and tetra([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl) phosphonium bromide hydrate (C48H36P+·Br−, CH3CN, H2O, compound 2), and herein report the structural properties for the compounds with an emphasis on the influence of the ion-ion interaction towards self-assembly; the overall self-assembly for both structures is very similar, with subtle differences in the cell parameters. The symmetrical tetra ([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl) phosphonium cations in both compounds self-assembled to form robust stacked columns in the solid-state, with voids occupied by anions or solvent molecules. Quantitative examination of intermolecular interactions using Hirshfeld surface analysis found that classical and non-classical hydrogen bonding appears to be the dominant contributor in stabilizing the self-assembly in both cases. The present work can not only benefit in understanding the mutual interaction between the sterically encumbered tetra ([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl) phosphonium cations and between counterions, but also provide insights for the self-assembled arrays in the solid-state.
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29

Bagnich, Sergey A., Alexander Rudnick, Pamela Schroegel, Peter Strohriegl, and Anna Köhler. "Triplet energies and excimer formation in meta - and para -linked carbazolebiphenyl matrix materials." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2044 (June 28, 2015): 20140446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0446.

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We present a spectroscopic investigation on the effect of changing the position where carbazole is attached to biphenyl in carbazolebiphenyl (CBP) on the triplet state energies and the propensity to excimer formation. For this, two CBP derivatives have been prepared with the carbazole moieties attached at the ( para ) 4- and 4 ′ -positions ( p CBP) and at the ( meta ) 3- and 3 ′ -positions ( m CBP) of the biphenyls. These compounds are compared to analogous m CDBP and p CDBP, i.e. two highly twisted carbazoledimethylbiphenyls, which have a high triplet energy at about 3.0 eV and tend to form triplet excimers in a neat film. This torsion in the structure is associated with localization of the excited state onto the carbazole moieties. We find that in m CBP and p CBP, excimer formation is prevented by localization of the triplet excited state onto the central moiety. As conjugation can continue from the central biphenyls into the nitrogen of the carbazole in the para -connected p CBP, emission involves mainly the benzidine. By contrast, the meta -linkage in m CBP limits conjugation to the central biphenyl. The associated shorter conjugation length is the reason for the higher triplet energy of 2.8 eV in m CBP compared with the 2.65 eV in p CBP.
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30

Sihag, Sheetal, Parvesh Devi, Rajvir Singh, and Sushila Singh. "Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity of Propranolol and it's Derivatives." Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2022): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2022.ajomc-p368.

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Herein, the conventional method used for β-blocker synthesis is initiated by refluxing biphenyl-2-ol (1) with an epoxy ring (2) in the presence of K2CO3 to obtain 2-[(biphenyl-2-yloxy)methyl]oxirane (3). Compound (3) was then reacted with 99% isopropylamine (4) and various substituted phenols (6a-i) to form 1-(biphenyl-2-yloxy)-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol (5) and 1-(2,6-dimethyl-/4-methoxy- /4-chloro-3-hydroxy-/2,6-dimethoxy-/3,4-dimethyl-/4-amine-/4-bromo/3,4-dinitro-/2,4- dihydroxyphenoxy)-3-(biphenyl-2-yloxy)-propan-2-ols (7a-i), respectively. The synthesized compounds were analyzed by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy to determine their structure and also evaluated for their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Aspergillus niger using the food poison technique. From the activity data, it was found that compound 1-(biphenyl-2-yloxy)-3-(propan- 2-ylamino)-propan-2-ol (5) was most active against both the fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Aspergillus niger. The antibacterial activity was also determined against Bacillus species by zone of inhibition method. The compounds (5, 7a-i) were also evaluated for its herbicidal activity.
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31

Ginestra, Giovanna, Teresa Gervasi, Francesca Mancuso, Federica Bucolo, Laura De Luca, Rosaria Gitto, Davide Barreca, and Giuseppina Mandalari. "Evaluation of the In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Novel Arylsulfonamides against Candida spp." Microorganisms 11, no. 6 (June 8, 2023): 1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061522.

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The antifungal activity of molecules belonging to the arylsulfonamide chemotype has previously been demonstrated. Here, we screened arylsulfonamide-type compounds against a range of Candida spp. and further established the structure–activity relationship based on a “hit compound”. A series of four sulfonamide-based compounds, N-(4-sulfamoylbenzyl) biphenyl-4-carboxamide (3), 2,2-diphenyl-N-(4-sulfamoylbenzyl) acetamide (4), N-(4-sulfamoylphenethyl) biphenyl-4-carboxamide (5) and 2,2-diphenyl-N-(4-sulfamoylphenethyl) acetamide (6), were tested against the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and clinical strains of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata. Based on the fungistatic potential of prototype 3, a further subset of compounds, structurally related to hit compound 3, was synthesized and tested: two benzamides (10–11), the related amine 4-[[(4-4-((biphenyl-4-ylmethylamino)methyl) benzenesulfonamide (13) and the corresponding hydrochloride, 13.HCl. Both amine 13 and its hydrochloride salt had fungicidal effects against Candida glabrata strain 33 (MFC of 1.000 mg/mL). An indifferent effect was detected in the association of the compounds with amphotericin B and fluconazole. The cytotoxicity of the active compounds was also evaluated. This data could be useful to develop novel therapeutics for topical use against fungal infections.
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32

Wan, Anqi, Narsimha Reddy Penthala, E. Kim Fifer, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks. "Comparison crystal structure conformations of two structurally related biphenyl analogues: 4,4′-bis[3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-1-yn-1-yl]-1,1′-biphenyl and 4,4′-bis{3-[(S)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl]prop-1-yn-1-yl}-1,1′-biphenyl." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 10 (September 12, 2015): 1147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015016163.

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The title compounds, C26H28N2, (I), and C28H32N2, (II), were designed based on the structure of the potent α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist ZZ161C {1,1′-[[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diylbis(prop-2-yne-3,1-diyl)]bis(3,4-dimethylpyridin-1-ium) bromide}. In order to improve the druglikeness properties of ZZ161C for potential oral administration, the title compounds (I) and (II) were prepared by coupling 4,4′-bis(3-bromoprop-1-yn-1-yl)-1,1′-biphenyl with pyrrolidine, (I), and (S)-2-methylpyrrolidine, (II), respectively, in acetonitrile at room temperature. The asymmetric unit of (I) contains two half molecules that each sit on sites of crystallographic inversion. As a result, the biphenyl ring systems in compound (I) are coplanar. The biphenyl ring system in compound (II), however, has a dihedral angle of 28.76 (11)°. In (I), the two independent molecules differ in the orientation of the pyrrolidine ring (the nitrogen lone pair points towards the biphenyl rings in one molecule, but away from the rings in the other). The torsion angles about the ethynyl groups between the planes of the phenyl rings and the pyrrolidine ringNatoms are 84.15 (10) and −152.89 (10)°. In compound (II), the corresponding torsion angles are 122.0 (3) and 167.0 (3)°, with the nitrogen lone pairs at both ends of the molecule directed away from the central biphenyl rings.
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33

Pedersen, Hans Albert, Stine Krogh Steffensen, Kirsten Heinrichson, and Inge S. Fomsgaard. "Biphenyl Columns Provide Good Separation of the Glucosides of DIMBOA and DIM2BOA." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 7 (July 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200708.

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Hydroxamic acids are important defense compounds in cereals and have been subject to extensive research. Two important hydroxamic acids in maize are 2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2 H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4 H)-one (DIMBOA-glc) and its 8-methoxylated derivative (DIM2BOA-glc). The compounds are typically reported as resolved by mass spectrometry rather than chromatography, with DIM2BOA-glc quantified relative to DIMBOA-glc. Biphenyl HPLC columns, however, allow good separation of the two compounds at both the analytical and semi-preparative scale, enabling both isolation and absolute quantitation of both compounds. In combination with established sample treatment and chromatographic methods, biphenyl chromatography thus promises new possibilities for resolving benzoxazinoid glucosides.
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34

Yadav, Neelam, and Ajar Nath Yadav. "Biodegradation of biphenyl compounds by soil microbiomes." Biodiversity International Journal 3, no. 2 (2019): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/bij.2019.03.00125.

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35

Llevot, A., E. Grau, S. Carlotti, S. Grelier, and H. Cramail. "ADMET polymerization of bio-based biphenyl compounds." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 44 (2015): 7693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py01232e.

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36

TAKASE, Ichiro, Toshio OMORI, and Yasuji MINODA. "Microbial degradation products from biphenyl-related compounds." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 50, no. 3 (1986): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.50.681.

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37

Watanabe, Keisuke, Siti Muslimah Widyastuti, and Fukuji Nonaka. "Two Biphenyl Compounds fromRhaphiolepsis umbellataas Its Phytoalexin." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 54, no. 7 (July 1990): 1861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1990.10870194.

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38

Hohnholz, D., K. H. Schweikart, L. R. Subramanian, A. Wedel, W. Wischert, and M. Hanack. "Synthesis and studies on luminescent biphenyl compounds." Synthetic Metals 110, no. 2 (April 2000): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(99)00291-x.

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39

Takase, Ichiro, Toshio Omori, and Yasuji Minoda. "Microbial Degradation Products from Biphenyl-related Compounds." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 50, no. 3 (March 1986): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1986.10867453.

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40

Shahin, Nabil, Nawaf Abu-Khalaf, Mazen Salman, and Harun Parlar. "Testing the Possibility of Photochemical Synthesis of Chlorinated Phenols, Benzenes and Biphenyl: Pre-study Guide for Standards Synthesis." مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية للأبحاث 4, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.53671/pturj.v4i2.47.

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Since deuterium 2H (D) is an isotope of hydrogen 1H, the testing of the possibility of photochemical synthesis of marked chlorinated phenol, biphenyl and benzene using normal solvents was studied. The irradiation of full chlorinated compounds dissolved in normal solvents such as MeOH or n-hexane has led to a reaction substitution in which a chlorine atom was substituted by hydrogen atom forming less grade chlorinated chlorophenols, biphenyls and benzenes. The quantum yields of pentachlorophenol, decachlorobiphenyl and hexachlorobenzene under irradiation using polychromatic light were calculated and found to be 5.7 x 10-3, 1.6 x 10-2 and 1.2 x 10-2 Mol·Einstein-1, respectively. Depending on this study the production of marked chlorinated or non-chlorinated compounds using deuterated appropriate solvents such as MeOH d4 or n-hexane d14 is possible. However, more efforts should be made towards chromatographically separation of synthesized standards and byproducts in order to make the use of these marked compounds as standards in residue analysis feasible.
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41

Shahin, Nabil, Nawaf Abu-Khalaf, Mazen Salman, and Harun Parlar. "Testing the Possibility of Photochemical Synthesis of Chlorinated Phenols, Benzenes and Biphenyl: Pre-study Guide for Standards Synthesis." مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية خضوري للأبحاث 4, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.53671/ptukrj.v4i2.47.

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Since deuterium 2H (D) is an isotope of hydrogen 1H, the testing of the possibility of photochemical synthesis of marked chlorinated phenol, biphenyl and benzene using normal solvents was studied. The irradiation of full chlorinated compounds dissolved in normal solvents such as MeOH or n-hexane has led to a reaction substitution in which a chlorine atom was substituted by hydrogen atom forming less grade chlorinated chlorophenols, biphenyls and benzenes. The quantum yields of pentachlorophenol, decachlorobiphenyl and hexachlorobenzene under irradiation using polychromatic light were calculated and found to be 5.7 x 10-3, 1.6 x 10-2 and 1.2 x 10-2 Mol·Einstein-1, respectively. Depending on this study the production of marked chlorinated or non-chlorinated compounds using deuterated appropriate solvents such as MeOH d4 or n-hexane d14 is possible. However, more efforts should be made towards chromatographically separation of synthesized standards and byproducts in order to make the use of these marked compounds as standards in residue analysis feasible.
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42

Ikpa, Chinyere B. C., Samuel O. Onoja, and Anastasia O. Okwaraji. "Synthesis And Antibacterial Activities Of Benzothiazole Derivatives Of Sulphonamides." Acta Chemica Malaysia 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acmy-2020-0009.

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AbstractThis study aims to synthesize hybrid compounds “via” the coupling of sulphonamide and benzothiazole into one structure that may have improved antibacterial property. The N-(biphenyl-4-yl) thiourea (1) used for the synthesis of the targeted sulphonamides was obtained by reacting diphenylamine and ammonium thiocyanate at room temperature. Cyclization of N-(biphenyl-4-yl)thiourea gave 2-amino-6-phenylbenzothiazole (2) which reacted with benzenesulphonyl chloride and para-toulene sulphonyl chloride to give the targeted sulphonamides (3a & 3b). The synthesized compounds were characterised using melting point, infra-red spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. Anti-bacterial screening of the synthesised compounds indicated that all the compounds showed anti-bacterial properties, except 2-amino-6-phenylbenzothiazole that did not show any activity on Escherichia coli.
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43

Kumar, Jat Rakesh, Jat Jawahar L., and D. P. Pathak. "Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives: As Anti-hypertensive Agents." E-Journal of Chemistry 3, no. 4 (2006): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/765712.

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A new series of non peptide angiotensin(A-II) receptor antagonist has been prepared. ThisN-(biphenyl methyl) imidazolese.g. 5-substituted (amino) -2- phenyl-1-(2ʼcarboxy biphenyl-4-yl) benzimidazoles differ from the previously reported and related compounds in that they produce a potent hypertensive effect upon oral administration. The earlier series were generally active only when administered intravenously. It has been found that 2’-position of biphenyl is essential. Only ortho substituted acid possess both high affinity for the AII receptor and oral anti-hypertensive potency.
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44

Wang, Chao-Nan, Yong-Heng Lu, Yue Liu, Jun Liu, Yao-Yue Yang, and Zhi-Gang Zhao. "Electrochemical coupling halobenzene into biphenyl on a reusable Pd nanoparticle-coated carbon-paper electrode at ambient conditions." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 8 (2021): 3997–4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj06027e.

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45

Venkatesan, Naveen R., Ali Mahdi, Brian Barraza, Guang Wu, Michael L. Chabinyc, and Ram Seshadri. "Enhanced yield-mobility products in hybrid halide Ruddlesden–Popper compounds with aromatic ammonium spacers." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 37 (2019): 14019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt03074c.

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Two hybrid halide Ruddlesden–Popper compounds using the cation 2-(4-biphenyl)ethylammonium show higher yield-carrier mobility products by time-resolved microwave conductivity than compounds with n-butylammonium cations.
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46

Bickert, Peter, and Klaus Hafner. "Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl rhodium complexes of dihydro-s-indacenophanes: Transannular interactions." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no. 10 (1988): 2418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19882418.

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Transannular interactions in pentamethylcyclopentadienyl rhodium complexes (Me5C5Rh) of 18,22(18,20)-dihydro[2](4,4')biphenylo[2](2,6)-s-indacenophane (IV) and 12,16(12,18)-dihydro[2]pacacyclo[2](4,8)-s-indacenophane (IX) were investigated. The capability of a Me5C5Rh group to reduce electron density in both decks of these phanes was established. The deprotonation product VII of 18a,19,19a,22a,23,23a-η6-(18,22(18,20)-dihydro[2](4,4')biphenylo[2](2,6)-s-indacenophane-η5-(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium(III) bis(hexafluoroantimonate) (V) was isolated as the first representative of a class of compounds whose existence had been previously postulated. Evidence for conformational flexibility of the biphenyl deck of IV and its derivatives was obtained. Comparative 1H NMR studies led to a separation of transannular electronic interactions from magnetic anisotropy effects in 15a,16,17,18,18a-η5-(12-monohydro[2]paracyclo[2](4,8)-s-indacenophane)-η5-(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium(III) hexafluoroantimonate (X).
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47

Vadra, Nahir, Sebastian A. Suarez, Leonardo D. Slep, Veronica E. Manzano, Emilia B. Halac, Ricardo F. Baggio, and Fabio D. Cukiernik. "Synthesis and crystallographic, spectroscopic and computational characterization of 3,3′,4,4′-substituted biphenyls: effects of OR substituents on the intra-ring torsion angle." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 76, no. 3 (May 15, 2020): 366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520620004102.

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Presented here are the synthesis, characterization and study (using single crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, quantum mechanics calculations) of the structures of a series of biphenyls substituted in positions 3, 3′, 4 and 4′ with a variety of R (R = methyl, acetyl, hexyl) groups connected to the biphenyl core through oxygen atoms. The molecular conformation, particularly the torsion angle between aromatic rings has been extensively studied both in the solid as well as in the liquid state. The results show that the compounds appearing as rigorously planar in the solid present instead a twisted conformation in the melt. The solid versus melt issue strongly suggests that the reasons for planarity are to be found in the packing restraints. A `rule of thumb' is suggested for the design of biphenyls with different molecular conformations, based on the selection of the OR substituent.
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48

You, Dong Kyun, Seon Hee Lee, Ji Hye Lee, Sang Woo Kwak, Hyonseok Hwang, Junseong Lee, Yongseog Chung, Myung Hwan Park, and Kang Mun Lee. "Synthesis and photophysical properties of phenanthroimidazole–triarylborane dyads: intriguing ‘turn-on’ sensing mediated by fluoride anions." RSC Advances 7, no. 17 (2017): 10345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra28559g.

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Phenanthroimidazole-based triarylborane compounds with an N-phenyl or N-biphenyl bridge were prepared and these compounds show ratiometrical ‘turn-on’ response in PL spectra upon fluoride binding to the borane moiety.
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49

Hossain, Mohammad Mamun, Sukanta Kumar Shaha, and Foysal Aziz. "Antioxidant potential study of some synthesized N-heterocycles." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 35, no. 2 (August 12, 2009): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v35i2.2564.

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Nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds such as oxindoles especially isatins and their derivatives have excellent biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer activity. In addition, this is first time ever we would like to report the antioxidant properties of the said class of compounds. To determine such an important bioactivity a number of halogenated oxindoles 1-3, their diaza-biphenyl derivatives (4-6), ring extended biphenyl (7) and bis-amide (8) were synthesized by classical heating method. The antioxidant activity of all the synthesized compounds was screened by DPPH method with respect to ascorbic acid. In our present investigation some of the synthesized compounds (1, 2, 3, 5 and 6) were found to be active.Keywords: Antioxidant; Isatin; OxindoleOnline 12 August 2009DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v35i2.2564Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2009; 35: 49-52
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50

Patrauchan, Marianna A., Christine Florizone, Shawn Eapen, Leticia Gómez-Gil, Bhanu Sethuraman, Masao Fukuda, Julian Davies, William W. Mohn, and Lindsay D. Eltis. "Roles of Ring-Hydroxylating Dioxygenases in Styrene and Benzene Catabolism in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 1 (October 26, 2007): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01122-07.

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ABSTRACT Proteomics and targeted gene disruption were used to investigate the catabolism of benzene, styrene, biphenyl, and ethylbenzene in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, a well-studied soil bacterium whose potent polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-transforming properties are partly due to the presence of the related Bph and Etb pathways. Of 151 identified proteins, 22 Bph/Etb proteins were among the most abundant in biphenyl-, ethylbenzene-, benzene-, and styrene-grown cells. Cells grown on biphenyl, ethylbenzene, or benzene contained both Bph and Etb enzymes and at least two sets of lower Bph pathway enzymes. By contrast, styrene-grown cells contained no Etb enzymes and only one set of lower Bph pathway enzymes. Gene disruption established that biphenyl dioxygenase (BPDO) was essential for growth of RHA1 on benzene or styrene but that ethylbenzene dioxygenase (EBDO) was not required for growth on any of the tested substrates. Moreover, whole-cell assays of the ΔbphAa and etbAa1::cmrA etbAa2::aphII mutants demonstrated that while both dioxygenases preferentially transformed biphenyl, only BPDO transformed styrene. Deletion of pcaL of the β-ketoadipate pathway disrupted growth on benzene but not other substrates. Thus, styrene and benzene are degraded via meta- and ortho-cleavage, respectively. Finally, catalases were more abundant during growth on nonpolar aromatic compounds than on aromatic acids. This suggests that the relaxed specificities of BPDO and EBDO that enable RHA1 to grow on a range of compounds come at the cost of increased uncoupling during the latter's initial transformation. The stress response may augment RHA1's ability to degrade PCBs and other pollutants that induce similar uncoupling.
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