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Academic literature on the topic 'Biphenyl compounds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Biphenyl compounds"

1

Layton, A. C., M. Muccini, M. M. Ghosh, and G. S. Sayler. "Construction of a Bioluminescent Reporter Strain To Detect Polychlorinated Biphenyls." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 5023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.12.5023-5026.1998.

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ABSTRACT A bioluminescent reporter strain, Ralstonia eutrophaENV307(pUTK60), was constructed for the detection of polychlorinated biphenyls by inserting the biphenyl promoter upstream of the bioluminescence genes. In the presence of a nonionic surfactant, which enhances the solubility of chlorinated biphenyls, bioluminescence was induced three- to fourfold over background by biphenyl, monochlorinated biphenyls, and Aroclor 1242. The minimum detection limits for these compounds ranged from 0.15 mg/liter for 4-chlorobiphenyl to 1.5 mg/liter for Aroclor 1242.

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2

Gorbachev, Stanislav A., and yacheslav V. Zuev. "Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of Biphenyl Derivatives with Central Unit Based on 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate Oligomers." Liquid Crystals and their Application 22, no. 4 (December 22, 2022): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18083/lcappl.2022.4.27.

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A number of compounds with biphenyl as a mesogenic fragment and a structure simulating LC dimers, polymers with mesogenic side chain groups and a star-shaped structure have been synthesized. An approach for the synthesis of such compounds under mild conditions and without a complex purification procedure with a quantitative yield, has been developed. The approach is the implementation of “click chemistry” methods for the synthesis of LC compounds. It has been shown that the LC state is observed only if there are three biphenyls in one molecule, i.e., the compounds appear to be similar to polyesters with biphenyl as a mesogenic moiety. The determining factor in the formation of the LC state and particularly smectic mesomorphism of compounds with such a potentially “weak” mesogen as biphenyl is the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

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3

Chizzali, Cornelia, and Ludger Beerhues. "Phytoalexins of the Pyrinae: Biphenyls and dibenzofurans." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (April 20, 2012): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.68.

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Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are the phytoalexins of the Pyrinae, a subtribe of the plant family Rosaceae. The Pyrinae correspond to the long-recognized Maloideae. Economically valuable species of the Pyrinae are apples and pears. Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are formed de novo in response to infection by bacterial and fungal pathogens. The inducible defense compounds were also produced in cell suspension cultures after treatment with biotic and abiotic elicitors. The antimicrobial activity of the phytoalexins was demonstrated. To date, 10 biphenyls and 17 dibenzofurans were isolated from 14 of the 30 Pyrinae genera. The most widely distributed compounds are the biphenyl aucuparin and the dibenzofuran γ-cotonefuran. The biosynthesis of the two classes of defense compounds is not well understood, despite the importance of the fruit crops. More recent studies have revealed simultaneous accumulation of biphenyls and dibenzofurans, suggesting sequential, rather than the previously proposed parallel, biosynthetic pathways. Elicitor-treated cell cultures of Sorbus aucuparia served as a model system for studying phytoalexin metabolism. The key enzyme that forms the carbon skeleton is biphenyl synthase. The starter substrate for this type-III polyketide synthase is benzoyl-CoA. In apples, biphenyl synthase is encoded by a gene family, members of which are differentially regulated. Metabolism of the phytoalexins may provide new tools for designing disease control strategies for fruit trees of the Pyrinae subtribe.

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4

Şişman, T., F. Geyikoğlu, and M. Atamanalp. "Early life-stage toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) following embryonal exposure to selected polychlorinated biphenyls." Toxicology and Industrial Health 23, no. 9 (October 2007): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233708089042.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls are a widespread aquatic contaminant. In this article, specific polychlorinated biphenyl congeners were examined for embryo and early life-stage toxicity in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). A set of three polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 126, mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 28 and di-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 153) were tested. The typical lesions observed were yolk sac edema, vertebra defect, craniofacial malformations (double head, triple retina), anaxial body and inhibition of swim bladder inflation. Moreover, embryo and larval mortality increased and hatching success decreased. The severity of abnormalities and mortalities were concentration- and congener-dependent. Of the compounds tested, polychlorinated biphenyl congener 126 was found to be highly toxic to the fish embryos following exposure. The Lethal Concentration 50 values for polychlorinated biphenyl 28, polychlorinated biphenyl 126, polychlorinated biphenyl 153 calculated by probit analysis were 3.270, 1.298 and 5.375 ppm, respectively. The inhibition of swim bladder inflation was the most sensitive endpoint measured, and it is suggested that the inhibition of swim bladder inflation may be mediated by mechanism with an aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation.

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5

Seeger, Michael, Beatriz Cámara, and Bernd Hofer. "Dehalogenation, Denitration, Dehydroxylation, and Angular Attack on Substituted Biphenyls and Related Compounds by a Biphenyl Dioxygenase." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 12 (June 15, 2001): 3548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.12.3548-3555.2001.

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ABSTRACT The attack by the bph-encoded biphenyl dioxygenase ofBurkholderia sp. strain LB400 on a number of symmetricalortho-substituted biphenyls or quasiortho-substituted biphenyl analogues has been investigated. 2,2′-Difluoro-, 2,2′-dibromo-, 2,2′-dinitro-, and 2,2′-dihydroxybiphenyl were accepted as substrates. Dioxygenation of all of these compounds showed a strong preference for the semisubstituted pair of vicinal ortho and metacarbons, leading to the formation of 2′-substituted 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyls by subsequent elimination of HX (X = F, Br, NO2, or OH). All of these products were further metabolized by 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenases of Burkholderiasp. strain LB400 or of Rhodococcus globerulus P6. Dibenzofuran and dibenzodioxin, which may be regarded as analogues of doubly ortho-substituted biphenyls or diphenylethers, respectively, were attacked at the “quasi ortho” carbon (the angular position 4a) and its neighbor. This shows that an aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase of class IIB is able to attack angular carbons. The catechols formed, 2,3,2′-trihydroxybiphenyl and 2,3,2′-trihydroxydiphenylether, were further metabolized by 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase. While angular attack by the biphenyl dioxygenase was the main route of dibenzodioxin oxidation, lateral dioxygenation leading to dihydrodiols was the major reaction with dibenzofuran. These results indicate that this enzyme is capable of hydroxylating ortho or angular carbons carrying a variety of substituents which exert electron-withdrawing inductive effects. They also support the view that the conversions of phenols into catechols by ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases, such as the transformation of 2,2′-dihydroxybiphenyl into 2,3,2′-trihydroxybiphenyl, are the results of di- rather than of monooxygenations. Lateral dioxygenation of dibenzofuran and subsequent dehydrogenation and extradiol dioxygenation by a number of biphenyl-degrading strains yielded intensely colored dead-end products. Thus, dibenzofuran can be a useful chromogenic indicator for the activity of the first three enzymes of biphenyl catabolic pathways.

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6

Wang, Xing, Hao-Yu Fu, Wei He, Yu-Ting Xiang, Ze-Cheng Yang, Yi Kuang, and Sheng-Xiang Yang. "Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of Biphenyl and Dibenzofuran Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 44, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 4087–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb44090280.

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The escalating prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to a serious global public health problem; therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of structurally innovative antibacterial agents. In our study, a series of biphenyl and dibenzofuran derivatives were designed and synthesized by Suzuki-coupling and demethylation reactions in moderate to excellent yields (51–94% yield). Eleven compounds exhibited potent antibacterial activities against the prevalent antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, among which compounds 4′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4,5-triol (6i) and 5-(9H-carbazol-2-yl) benzene-1,2,3-triol (6m) showed the most potent inhibitory activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values as low as 3.13 and 6.25 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 3′,5′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4,4′,5-tetraol (6e), 4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4,5-triol (6g), and 4′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4,5-triol (6i) showed comparable inhibitory activities with ciprofloxacin to Gram-negative bacterium carbapenems-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Study of the structure–activity relationship indicated that a strong electron-withdrawing group on the A ring and hydroxyl groups on the B ring of biphenyls were beneficial to their antibacterial activities, and for benzo-heterocycles, N-heterocycle exhibited optimal antibacterial activity. These results can provide novel structures of antibacterial drugs chemically different from currently known antibiotics and broaden prospects for the development of effective antibiotics against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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7

Goldschmidt and P. Modderman. "Biphenyl derivatives II. Basic 4-Biphenyl compounds." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 69, no. 9 (September 2, 2010): 1109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19500690905.

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8

Maysoon T.Tawfiq. "Synthesis and characterization of some new heterocyclic compounds." Journal of the College of Basic Education 20, no. 86 (February 2, 2023): 1031–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v20i86.9745.

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This work includes preparing of some new derivatives of pyrimidine ,pyrazolidine, and isoxazolidine from the reaction between tetraethyl 2,2' -(1E,1E' )- biphenyl ll-4, 4' -diylbis(diazene-1,2-diyl)dimalonate(1) and ammonia derivatives in dry ethanol to obtain the six membered hetero rings: 5,5'-(1E,1E') biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis (diazo-1,2-diyl)bis(2-mercaptopyrimidine-4,6-diol)(2) ; 5,5'-(1E,1E' ) biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(diazo-1,2-diyl)dipyrimidine-2,4,6-triol(3);5,5'-(1E,1E')-biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis (diazo-1,2-diyl)bis(2-aminopyridine-4,6-diol)(4); and five membered hetero ring: 4,4' -(1E,1E')-biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(diazene-1,2-diyl)dipyrazolidine-3,5-dione(5);4,4'-(1E , 1E')-biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(diazene-1,2-diyl)bis(1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione)(6); 4,4'-(1E,1E')-biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis (diazene-1,2-diyl)diisoxazolidine-3,5-dione)(7). The prepared compounds were characterized by spectral methods FT-IR ,1H-NMR and measurement of some of its physical properties ; and the reaction was followed by TLC.

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9

Gesell, Manuela, Elke Hammer, Michael Specht, Wittko Francke, and Frieder Schauer. "Biotransformation of Biphenyl by Paecilomyces lilacinus and Characterization of Ring Cleavage Products." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 1551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.4.1551-1557.2001.

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ABSTRACT We examined the pathway by which the fungicide biphenyl is metabolized in the imperfect fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus. The initial oxidation yielded the three monohydroxylated biphenyls. Further hydroxylation occurred on the first and the second aromatic ring systems, resulting in the formation of five di- and trihydroxylated metabolites. The fungus could cleave the aromatic structures, resulting in the transformation of biphenyl viaortho-substituted dihydroxybiphenyl to six-ring fission products. All compounds were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These compounds include 2-hydroxy-4-phenylmuconic acid and 2-hydroxy-4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-muconic acid, which were produced from 3,4-dihydroxybiphenyl and further transformed to the corresponding lactones 4-phenyl-2-pyrone-6-carboxylic acid and 4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-2-pyrone-6-carboxylic acid, which accumulated in large amounts. Two additional ring cleavage products were identified as (5-oxo-3-phenyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)-acetic acid and [5-oxo-3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-acetic acid. We found that P. lilacinus has a high transformation capacity for biphenyl, which could explain this organism's tolerance to this fungicide.

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10

Parnell, J. Jacob, Joonhong Park, Vincent Denef, Tamara Tsoi, Syed Hashsham, John Quensen, and James M. Tiedje. "Coping with Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Toxicity: Physiological and Genome-Wide Responses of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 to PCB-Mediated Stress." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 10 (August 21, 2006): 6607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01129-06.

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ABSTRACT The biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) relies on the ability of aerobic microorganisms such as Burkholderia xenovorans sp. LB400 to tolerate two potential modes of toxicity presented by PCB degradation: passive toxicity, as hydrophobic PCBs potentially disrupt membrane and protein function, and degradation-dependent toxicity from intermediates of incomplete degradation. We monitored the physiological characteristics and genome-wide expression patterns of LB400 in response to the presence of Aroclor 1242 (500 ppm) under low expression of the structural biphenyl pathway (succinate and benzoate growth) and under induction by biphenyl. We found no inhibition of growth or change in fatty acid profile due to PCBs under nondegrading conditions. Moreover, we observed no differential gene expression due to PCBs themselves. However, PCBs did have a slight effect on the biosurface area of LB400 cells and caused slight membrane separation. Upon activation of the biphenyl pathway, we found growth inhibition from PCBs beginning after exponential-phase growth suggestive of the accumulation of toxic compounds. Genome-wide expression profiling revealed 47 differentially expressed genes (0.56% of all genes) under these conditions. The biphenyl and catechol pathways were induced as expected, but the quinoprotein methanol metabolic pathway and a putative chloroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase were also highly expressed. As the latter protein is essential to conversion of toxic metabolites in dichloroethane degradation, it may play a similar role in the degradation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds resulting from PCB degradation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biphenyl compounds"

1

Tuncel, van Pomeren Binnur. "Molecular complexes of 4,4'-dinitrobiphenyl." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03132006-155913.

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2

Goswami, Debarghya. "Studies on some biphenyl benzoate based chiral liquid crystal compounds." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2020. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4038.

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3

MacKinnon, Angus. "Diffraction and database analyses of photoactive biphenyl compounds and novel carbaborane structures." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4594/.

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The research involved in this thesis is mainly concerned with crystallography and the analysis using crystallographic techniques and methods. The work in this thesis is centered mainly on two types of chemical compounds, photoactive compounds and carbaboranes. The first is the photoactive compounds of biphenyl, its derivatives and similar compounds; these compounds have been studied by diffraction and database analysis. The photochemistry and subsequent structural analysis of biphenyls has been studied in collaboration with Professor Peter Wan at the University of Victoria, Canada. In this study Professor Wan and his group conducted all synthesis and spectroscopic analysis, including the photochemical analysis. In a similar study although not with biphenyls, the a-azidocinnamates were investigated in collaboration with Professor Meth-Cohn of the University of Sunderland. Professor Meth-Cohn and his group conducted all synthesis and spectroscopic analysis. The biphenyl type compounds have also been studied using database analysis to examine the bond lengths, torsion angles, inter-/intra-molecular interactions and general packing conformations and interactions within these structures and this analysis was used to study several conformational anomalies that exist in biphenyl derivative compounds. The second chemical type is carbaboranes; these compounds have been examined in collaboration with Professor Wade's group at the University of Durham. The analysis of carbaboranes centers mainly on hydrogen bonding however also expands into several novel carbaborane structures. Professor Wade and his group carried out the synthesis and spectroscopic analysis.

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4

Iannarelli, Paul M. "Routes to novel azo compounds." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3492.

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Routes to novel heterocyclic azo compounds and components of use as potential inkjet dyes were investigated. A new route to fluorenones from biphenyl acid chlorides using FVP (Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis) has been discovered. Fluorenone and 4-methylfluoren-9-one were prepared by FVP of 2-phenylbenzoyl chloride and 2-methylbiphenyl-2-carbonyl chloride respectively. Xanthen-9-one and thioxanthen-9-one were also prepared by FVP from the corresponding acid chlorides. 9-Phenanthrol could also be prepared via the FVP of biphenylacetyl choride and the application of this method to a heterocylic thiophene system afforded naphtho[1,2-b]thiophen-4-ol. Naphtho[2,1-b]thiophen-4-ol and naphtho[1,2-b]furan- 4-ol could be obtained in low yields by the FVP of (2-thiophen-3-ylphenyl)acetic acid methyl ester and (2-furan-2-ylphenyl) acetic acid methyl ester over a tungsten trioxide catalyst. Coupling of these systems with the diazonium salt of Acid Yellow 9 afforded the corresponding azo compounds. New heterocyclic dyes were also prepared from the condensation of heterocyclic hydrazines with 4,9-disulfophenanthrenequinone. Pyridine, pyridazine, phthalazine, isoquinoline and 2-quinoline disulfophenanthrene quinone metallised 2:1 nickel complexed magenta dyes were prepared. Industrial tests by standard methods revealed the pyridazine dye has a particularly impressive balance of light and ozone fastness over similar magenta dyes. The reaction of an arylnitro compound with 2-aminopyridine appeared to be an attractive and high yielding route to 2-(phenylazo)pyridine. However, application of this reaction to substituted and naphthalene systems failed. This afforded byproducts due to nucleophilic substitution of groups such as methoxy and the relatively uncommon nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen with none of the required azo products obtained. Therefore it appeared that the reaction of a nitro and amine was not a robust and versatile route to heterocyclic azo compounds. An alternate route to heterocyclic azo compounds involved the use of the Mills reaction by the condensation o-anisidine, p-chloroaniline, 2-aminophenol, 3- aminophenol, naphthylamine, 8-amnioquinoline and 2-acetylamino-5-aminobenzenesulfonic acid with 2-nitrosopyridine afforded the heterocyclic azo products in moderate to high yields. The Mills reaction does appear to be the favored route to heterocyclic azo compounds. Several factors were identified which affect the process of bisazo coupling of chromotropic acid and products obtained. Reaction at the ipso position of monoPACAs (2-phenylazochromotropic acid) leading to increased yields of the ipso substitution monoPACA by-product as opposed to the expected bisazo coupling position was a major problem. Studies indicated reactivity at the ipso position was greatly reduced by the presence of electron withdrawing groups around the phenyl ring of the monoPACA. Further study indicated reaction at the bisazo coupling position increased with the strength of the diazonium salt used in bisazo coupling. Therefore the electronic nature of the monoPACA starting material and the diazonium salt used in bisazo coupling greatly affected the products obtained. Reaction pH studies also revealed attack at the bisazo coupling position increases with pH and at lower pH (5.0 – 8.0) attack at the ipso position dominated. Reactivity of the monoPACA starting material also increased with pH. The influence of steric effects upon bisazo coupling revealed, in the cases where ortho sulfonic acid groups were present in the monoPACA, a reduction in attack at the ipso position. Hence the reaction appeared to be directed towards the required bisazo coupling position.

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5

Abuelyaman, Ahmed Salih. "Synthesis and evaluation of fluorescent and biotinylated derivatives of diphenyl peptidylphosphonate esters and biotinylated isocoumarins as inhibitors of serine proteases." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27556.

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6

Hahn, Soonkap. "Double hydrogen bonding of 1, 8-biphenylenediol with various bases /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260531954656.

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7

Ahn, Kyunghye. "Double hydrogen bonding of 1,8-biphenylenediol and its derivatives /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266691094261.

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8

Haske, Wojciech. "Photophysics of bis(diarylamino)biphenyl dyes adsorbed on silver nanoparticles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34787.

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This dissertation investigates the photophysics of bis(diarylamino)biphenyl (TPD) and silver nanoparticles (AgNP). A main goal of this work was to develop an understanding of the relaxation pathways involved in the deactivation of photoexcited TPD chromophores in close proximity to silver nanoparticles. The TPD chromophores were attached to the silver nanoparticle core via an alkylthiol group. The TPD-AgNP systems were synthesized and characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV-visible absorption, infrared spectroscopy, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Plasma - Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-ES) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Time-resolved photophysical processes in these systems were studied using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Initial studies of the interaction of the TPD and AgNP addressed the linker length dependence of the dye excited state decay kinetics, wherein alkyl linker chains of 3, 4, 8 and 12 carbon atoms were used. These results showed that an ultrafast deactivation of the excited state of the TPD chromophore, which is three orders of magnitude faster than that of the free chromophore in solution, occurred in all of the systems. However, an unexpected new transient species was observed for the systems with three and four carbon linker chains. Further studies showed this species to be spectroscopically very similar to the TPD radical cation, suggesting a charge separation pathway in the excited state relaxation. Possible pathways for formation of the cation-like state were examined through comparisons to the photophysics of alkyl substituted TPD in solution and in solid films, investigation of the pulse energy and TPD surface coverage dependence of the yield of the cation-like TPD species, transient absorption anisotropy decay dynamics, and kinetic modeling studies. Taken together, these investigations provide support for exciton-exciton annihilation being responsible for the formation of cation-like species. The packing of the TPD chromophores is concluded to be of critical importance in the generation of the cation like species but it is also possible that proximity to the silver nanoparticle plays a role in facilitating charge separation as well.

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9

Yang, Lei. "Combined Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy of Complexes and Supramolecules containing Bipyridyl and Other Azabiphenyl Building Blocks." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279396/.

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A group of azabiphenyl complexes and supramolecules, and their reduced and oxidized forms when possible, were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electronic absorption spectroscopy. The oxidized and reduced species, if sufficiently stable, were further generated electrochemically inside a specially designed quartz cell with optically transparent electrode, so that the spectra of the electrochemically generated species could be taken in situ. Assignments were proposed for both parent and product electronic spectra. Species investigated included a range of Ru(II) and Pt(II) complexes, as well as catenanes and their comparents. Using the localized electronic model, the electrochemical reduction can be in most cases assigned as azabiphenyl-based, and the oxidation as transition metal-based. This is consistent with the fact that the azabiphenyl compounds have a low lying π* orbital. The electronic absorption spectra of the compounds under study are mainly composed of π —> π* bands with, in some cases, charge transfer bands also.

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10

Ehsan, Sadia. "Simultaneous mobilization of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds and heavy metals from a field contaminated soil." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100355.

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A major factor complicating the cleanup at many sites is co-contamination by both organic compounds and heavy metals. Whereas much research has focused on the removal of either organic compounds or metals, relatively few studies have investigated simultaneous removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from soil.
The studies reported in this thesis have evaluated a novel technique for the simultaneous mobilization of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds and heavy metals (HMs) from a field contaminated soil. Soil extraction with washing aids {surfactants/cyclodextrin in combination with chelating reagent(s)} was optimized for mobilization efficiency, recovery/recycle of washing additives, and in parallel detoxification of mobilized contaminants. PCB extraction efficiencies were determined with a method that converted all the PCB congeners to dicyclohexyl by hydrogenation over palladium. Studies demonstrated that 10 minutes of ultrasonic mixing of field contaminated soil with a combination of surfactant (30 mL L-1) or cyclodextrin (100 g L-1) and a sparing quantity (2 mmoles) of EDTA, simultaneously mobilized appreciable quantities of PCBs and most analyte metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr).
Relative to individual reagents, combinations of surfactant (Brij 98, Triton X-301, or Triton XQS-20) or cyclodextrin (RAMEB or HPCD) with EDTA did not influence PCB extraction efficiencies perceptibly. The presence of surfactant or cyclodextrin in admixture with EDTA did not appreciably change the efficiency of mobilization of most heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) but did increase the recovery of Cu and Pb with nonionic surfactant and cyclodextrin. When coupled with PCB removal by hexane back-extraction and precipitation of the HMs (mediated by hydrolysis of zero-valent magnesium (Mg0)}, aqueous washing suspension was regenerated and recycled twice to mobilize more contaminants from the soil. Three sonication-washes with the same charge of reagent mobilized appreciable quantities of PCBs (68 - 83%) and virtually all of the available Cd, Cu, Mn, and Pb and lesser amounts of the Zn (56%), Ni (59%), and Cr (50%) but only small quantities of Al (28%) and Fe (30%).
The release of EDTA from heavy metals complexes was efficient for most metals (99%) but was influenced by the nature of surfactant. EDTA recovery (62-65%) post three cycles of soil washing, hexane back-extraction, and Mg 0 treatment was similar for all reagent combinations. Among surfactants and cyclodextrin, only anionic surfactants suffered losses to Mg0 treatment.

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Books on the topic "Biphenyl compounds"

1

A, Boehncke, United Nations Environment Programme, International Labour Organisation, World Health Organization, Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals., and International Program on Chemical Safety., eds. Biphenyl. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999.

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2

International Program on Chemical Safety., World Health Organization, United Nations Environment Programme, and International Labour Organisation, eds. Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) health and safety guide. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1993.

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3

Lin, Shen. A field screening method for polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in water. Las Vegas, NV: Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, 1994.

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4

International Council for the Exploration of the Sea., ed. Report on the results of the ICES/IOC/OSPARCOM intercomparison exercise on the analysis of chlorobiphenyl congeners in marine media--step 1, and the intercomparison study of the determination of CBs in Baltic herring oil. Copenhagen, Denmark: International Council for the Exploratio of the Sea, 1992.

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5

Lin, Shen. A field screening method for polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in water: Project summary. Las Vegas, NV: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, 1994.

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6

Rashidi-Ranjbar, Parviz. Conformational analysis and absolute configurations of eight-membered ring compounds containing the biphenyl chromophore. Lund: Chemical Center, Univ., 1989.

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7

Colman, John A. Geochemical data on concentrations of inorganic constituents and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in streambed sediments in tributaries to Lake Champlain in New York, Vermont, and Quebec, 1992. Bow, N.H: U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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8

A, Jensen Allan, and Kimbrough Renate D, eds. Halogenated biphenyls, terphenyls, napthalenes, dibenzodioxins and related products. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989.

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1920-, Kuratsune Masanori, ed. Yusho: A human disaster caused by PCBs and related compounds. Fukuoka, Japan: Kyushu University Press, 1996.

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10

Shepherd, Michael K. Cyclobutarenes: The chemistry of benzocyclobutene, biphenylene, and related compounds. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biphenyl compounds"

1

Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of polychelate of oxovanadium(II) with Schiff-base 4,4′-bis[(N-phenylsalicylaldimine-5)azo]biphenyl." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 5, 57–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65098-1_19.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of 4,4′-biphenyl-bridged dinuclear nickel(II) thiocyanato complex with 16-membered pentaaza macrocyclic ligand." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 5, 881–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65098-1_336.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of polychelate of chromium(III) with Schiff-base 4,4′-bis[(N-phenylsalicylaldimine-5)azo]biphenyl." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 5, 87–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65098-1_32.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of polychelate of iron(III) with Schiff-base 4,4′-bis[(N-phenylsalicylaldimine-5)azo]biphenyl." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 5, 430–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65098-1_152.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of polychelate of titanium(III) with Schiff-base 4,4′-bis[(N-phenylsalicylaldimine-5)azo]biphenyl." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 5, 19–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65098-1_3.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of polychelate of manganese(III) with Schiff-base 4,4′-bis[(N-phenylsalicylaldimine-5)azo]biphenyl." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 5, 256–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65098-1_93.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of 4.4′-biphenyl-bridged dinuclear nickel(II) chloro complex with 16-membered pentaaza macrocyclic ligand." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 5, 871–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65098-1_331.

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Carro-Díaz, Antonia María, and Rosa Antonia Lorenzo-Ferreira. "Polybrominated Biphenyls." In Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Food, 325–48. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118346747.ch14.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Effective magnetic moment of Mn2II, III (biphen)2(biphenH)(BiPy)2." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, 1434. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23675-4_1286.

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de Boer, Jacob, Karin de Boer, and Jan P. Boon. "Polybrominated Biphenyls and Diphenylethers." In Volume 3 Anthropogenic Compounds Part K, 61–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48915-0_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biphenyl compounds"

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Tsao, P. H., L. C. Chang, T. C. Chen, Chender Haung, and C. Z. Chen. "Investigation of the Lead-On-Chip Package’s Reliability." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1109.

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Abstract An assembly test chip (ATC), consisting of varieties of test structures, had been utilized to monitor the package integrity of SOJ lead-on-chip (LOC) packages after various reliability tests. Two different types of epoxy molding compounds, namely biphenyl and EOCN epoxies, were chosen to investigate their effects on package’s reliability. After the reliability tests, silicon chip crack was observed in three test samples due to the existence of a large chip backside chipping (−120 μm). Qualitative study about this failure mechanism was carried out by a finite element analysis, and it was found that, due to the higher flexural modulus and CTE of the biphenyl epoxy, the thermally induced stresses developed in the chip encapsulated by this epoxy during reliability tests were more likely to cause the crack propagation in the silicon chip than those induced by using EOCN type epoxy.

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Boeglin, Alex, Alain F. Fort, Loic Mager, Catherine Combellas, Andre Thiebault, and Vincent Rodriguez. "Tunability of optical nonlinear response through twisting of conjugation paths in push-pull biphenyl compounds." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Manfred Eich and Mark G. Kuzyk. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.449850.

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Deeg, F. W., and M. D. Fayer. "Orientational Dynamics in Liquids and Nematogenic Substances: Transient Grating Optical Kerr Effect Investigations." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1990.thb3.

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With the advent of reliable ultrafast laser apparatus the observation of the rotational dynamics of small molecules in the time domain has become feasible. A polarization selective transient grating (TG) setup with subpicosecond resolution allows to discriminate the nuclear optical Kerr effect (OKE) with respect to other physical processes in the sample due to the different symmetry of the associated nonlinear susceptibility tensors χ(3) [1,2]. With this experimental approach we have studied the reorientational dynamics of neat biphenyl (BP) and pentylcyanobiphenyl (5CB) as well as solutions of these compounds in n-heptane over an extended temperature range.

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Chelaru, Ciprian, Mădălina Ignat, Rodica Roxana Constantinescu, Ana-Maria Ciobanu, Denis Drușan, and Virginia Burghelea. "Decorative Plates from Epoxydic Composites." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.iv.2.

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Leather waste obtained in the leather industry represents a potential source of pollution for the environment, for plants and animals. The ecological treatment of this waste involves quite high costs and only companies with large production capacities can afford them. This paper proposes a method of transforming this waste into ash rich in chromium III and using it as a pigment (green), together with other substances, to obtain new materials. In this sense, it is proposed to use compounds that can incorporate and block the diffusion of the substances back into the environment. To achieve this, a mixture of epoxy polymers, biphenol A and biphenol F, will be used, in a 1:1 ratio, which after the polymerization reaction, with Ancamine 2686, will result in an inert mass. The polymer tiles can then be used as decorative elements for the facades of some buildings.

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Skorić, Stefan, and Dušan Nikolić. "CONCENTRATIONS OF PESTICIDES AND PCBs IN THREE CYPRINID FISH SPECIES FROM THE MEDJUVRSJE RESERVOIR." In 53rd Annual Conference of the Serbian Water Pollution Control Society. SERBIAN WATER POLLUTION CONTROL SOCIETY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/voda24.155s.

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In 2016, during ichthyological research on the Medjuvršje reservoir, the content of 4 types of pesticides (aldrin, 4,4'-DDT, 4,4'-DDD, 4,4'-DDE) and 6 types of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB - 28, 52) were analyzed. , 101, 138, 153, 180, as well as total PCBs) in the muscle tissue of three cyprinid fish species (chub, nase and roach) that have fishing importance and are used in human nutrition. The values of all analyzed compounds were below the values allowed by the national legislation, and therefore it can be considered safe consumption of thesefish species

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Lumley, P., E. W. Collington, P. Hallett, E. J. Hornby, p. PA Humphrey, C. J. Wallis, D. Jack, and R. T. Brittain. "THE EFFECTS OF GR32191, A NEW THROMBOXANE RECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUG,ON PLATELETS AND VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE IN VITRO." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643754.

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The effect of a new thromboxane receptor blocking drug GR32191 ([1R-[1α(Z),2β,3β,5α]]-(+)-7-[5-[[(1,1"-biphenyl)-4-yl]methoxy] -3-hydroxy-2-(l-piperidinyl)cyclopentyl]-4-heptenoic acid,hydrochloride) has been examined upon platelets and vascular smooth muscle. In human platelet-rich plasma (PRP), aggregation to thromboxane(Tx) A2, PGH2, arachidonic acid, collagen andU-46619 was antagonised by GR32191 (IC50 range 2-36 nM).Primary aggregation (PRP treated with aspirin 10 pM) to ADP, 5-HT and adrenaline were unaffected by concentrations of GR32191 up to 10 pM. In human PRP, U-46619-induced aggregation and 5-HT release were antagonised by GR32191(10-100 nM). In contrast, in theabsence of aspirin, ADP-induced 5-HT release,but not aggregation, was antagonised by the compound implicating a role for TXA2 in the release process. In human PRP GR32191 (up to 30μM) did not itself induce aggregation or, in the presence of EGTA (4 mM), induce detectable shape change. Up to 10 μM GR32191 was without effect upon the inhibitory activity of PGI2 or PGD2 and at 1μMhad no significant inhibitory activity upon fatty acid cyclooxygenase, thromboxane synthase, prostacyclin synthase, 12-lipoxygenase orphosphodiesterase. The effect of GR32191was quantified further in human platelets suspended in whole blood or physiological salt solution. Aggregation to U-46619 was antagonised byGR32191 with a pA2 (slope of the Schild regression) of 8.2 (1.3) in whole blood and 8.8 (1.3) in resuspended platelets. The compound competitively and specifically antagonised the contractions of strips of human isolatedpulmonary blood vessels and rat and guinea-pig aortic strips produced by U-46619 with pA2 (slope) values of 8.2 (1.1), 7.9 (0.9) and 8.7(0.9) respectively. In contrast contractions induced by KC1 and 5-HT (rat) orKC1and histamine (guinea-pig) were unaffectedbyconcentrations of GR32191 up to 30 μM.Thus GR32191 is a potent and specific thromboxane receptor blocking drug on platelets and vascular smooth muscle in vitro. It is orally active and long lasting in man (Thomas, M et al.,this meeting).

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Reports on the topic "Biphenyl compounds"

1

Lotufo, Guilherme, Mandy Michalsen, Danny Reible, Philip Gschwend, Upal Ghosh, Alan Kennedy, Kristen Kerns, et al. Interlaboratory study of polyethylene and polydimethylsiloxane polymeric samplers for ex situ measurement of freely dissolved hydrophobic organic compounds in sediment porewater. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48512.

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We evaluated the precision and accuracy of multilaboratory measurements for determining freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment porewater using polydimethylsiloxane and low-density polyethylene polymeric samplers. Four laboratories exposed performance reference compound (PRC) preloaded polymers to actively mixed and static ex situ sediment for approximately one month or more. For Cfree results, intralaboratory precision was high for single compounds; most PAHs and PCBs variability was low. Variability was higher for most hydrophobic PAHs, PCBs, and naphthalene, which were present at low concentrations and required larger PRC-based corrections. Intra- and interlaboratory variability between methods was low. Cfree polymer equilibrium was achieved in approximately one month during active exposures, suggesting using PRCs may be avoided for ex situ analysis using comparable active exposure; however, such testing may not reflect field conditions. Polymer-derived Cfree concentrations for most PCBs and PAHs averaged within a factor of 2 compared with concentrations in isolated porewater; difference factors of up to 6 were observed for naphthalene and the most hydrophobic PAHs and PCBs. Cfree results were similar for academic and private sector laboratories. The accuracy and precision demonstrated for determinating Cfree using polymer sampling are anticipated to increase regulatory acceptance and confidence.

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2

Patton, G. W., A. T. Cooper, and M. L. Blanton. Measurement and estimated health risks of volatile organic compounds and polychlorinated biphenyls in air at the Hanford Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10192466.

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