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Journal articles on the topic 'Biphasic metal/polymer sublayer'

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Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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1

Shugurov, A. R., A. I. Kozel’skaya, and A. V. Panin. "Viscoelastic wrinkling in compression-stressed metal film-polymer sublayer system." Technical Physics Letters 37, no. 10 (October 2011): 896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063785011100130.

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2

Won, Eun-Seo, and Jong-Won Lee. "Biphasic Solid Electrolytes with Homogeneous Li-Ion Transport Pathway Enabled By Metal-Organic Frameworks." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 55 (July 7, 2022): 2248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01552248mtgabs.

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Solid-state batteries based on nonflammable inorganic solid electrolytes provide a promising technical solution that can resolve the safety issues of current lithium-ion batteries. Biphasic solid electrolytes comprising Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnet and polymer have been attracting significant interest for solid-state Li batteries because of their mechanical robustness and enhanced Li+ conductivity, compared to conventional polymer electrolytes. Furthermore, the hybridization allows for the fabrication of thin and large-area electrolyte membranes without the need for high-temperature sintering of LLZO. However, the non-uniform distribution of LLZO particles and polymer species in biphasic electrolytes may cause uneven Li+ conduction, which results in poor interfacial stability with electrodes during repeated charge–discharge cycling. In this study, we report a biphasic solid electrolyte with homogeneous Li+ transport pathway achieved by a metal–organic framework (MOF) layer. To regulate and homogenize the Li+ flux across the interface between the electrolyte and electrode, a free-standing, biphasic solid electrolyte membrane is integrated with the MOF nanoparticle layer. A mixture of plastic crystal (PC) and polymeric phase is infused into porous networks of the MOF-integrated electrolyte membrane, producing the percolating Li+ conduction pathways. The MOF-integrated electrolyte membrane is found to form the smooth and uniform interface with nanoporous channels in contact with the electrodes, effectively facilitating homogeneous Li+ transport. A solid-state battery with the MOF-integrated electrolyte membrane shows the enhanced rate-capability and cycling stability in comparison to the battery with the unmodified biphasic electrolyte. This study demonstrates that the proposed electrolyte design provides an effective approach to improving the interfacial stability of biphasic electrolytes with electrodes for long-cycling solid-state batteries. [1] H.-S. Shin, W. Jeong, M.-H. Ryu, S.W. Lee, K.-N. Jung, J.-W. Lee, Electrode-to-electrode monolithic integration for high-voltage bipolar solid-state batteries based on plastic-crystal polymer electrolyte, Chem. Eng. J, published online. [2] T. Jiang, P. He, G. Wang, Y. Shen, C.-W. Nan, L.-Z. Fan, Solvent-free synthesis of thin, flexible, nonflammable garnet-based composite solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries, Adv. Energy Mater. 10 (2020) 1903376.
3

Mohammed, Wadood Taher, and Ahmed Salih Mahdi. "Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Metal Ions Using Aqueous Biphasic Systems." Journal of Engineering 18, no. 09 (July 21, 2023): 989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2012.09.01.

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An investigation was conducted for the study of extraction of metal ions using aqueous biphasic systems. The extraction of iron, zinc and copper from aqueous sulphate media at different kinds of extractants SCN− , Cl- and I- , different values of pH of the feed solution, phase ratio, concentration of metals, concentration of extractant, concentration of polymer, and concentration of salt was investigated. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to measure the concentration of iron, zinc and copper in the aqueous phase throughout the experiments. The results of the extraction experiments showed the use of SCN− as extractant, pH=2.5, phase ratio=1.5, concentration of metals 1g/l, concentration of extractant 0.06 %, concentration of polymer =50 %, and concentration of salt=20% gave the highest value of percent removed. Also increase of extractant concentration increases the percent removed. The results clarified that increasing the metal ions concentration in the aqueous phase causes to decease the percent removed. The addition of an inorganic salt (sodium sulphate) up to (20%) increased the dehydration of polymer chains and then increases the percent removed.
4

Sergeevichev, David S., Svetlana I. Dorovskikh, Evgeniia S. Vikulova, Elena V. Chepeleva, Maria B. Vasiliyeva, Tatiana P. Koretskaya, Anastasiya D. Fedorenko, et al. "Vapor-Phase-Deposited Ag/Ir and Ag/Au Film Heterostructures for Implant Materials: Cytotoxic, Antibacterial and Histological Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 2 (January 16, 2024): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021100.

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Using gas-phase deposition (Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD)) methods, modern implant samples (Ti alloy and CFR-PEEK polymer, 30% carbon fiber) were functionalized with film heterostructures consisting of an iridium or gold sublayer, on the surface of which an antibacterial component (silver) was deposited: Ag/Ir(Au)/Ti(CFR-PEEK). The biocidal effect of the heterostructures was investigated, the effect of the surface relief of the carrier and the metal sublayer on antibacterial activity was established, and the dynamics of silver dissolution was evaluated. It has been shown that the activity of Ag/Ir heterostructures was due to high Ag+ release rates, which led to rapid (2–4 h) inhibition of P. aeruginosa growth. In the case of Ag/Au type heterostructures, the inhibition of the growth of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus occurred more slowly (from 6 h), and the antibacterial activity appeared to be due to the contribution of two agents (Ag+ and Au+ ions). It was found, according to the in vitro cytotoxicity study, that heterostructures did not exhibit toxic effects (cell viability > 95–98%). An in vivo biocompatibility assessment based on the results of a morphohistological study showed that after implantation for a period of 30 days, the samples were characterized by the presence of a thin fibrous capsule without volume thickening and signs of inflammation.
5

GК, Mamytbekov. "Hybrid Composite Materials for Immobilization of Radionuclides in Liquid Radioactive Waste." Journal of Mineral and Material Science (JMMS) 4, no. 1 (February 13, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/jmms/1053.

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The biphasic hybrid composite materials for immobilization and fixation of radionuclides of the Liquid Radioactive Waste (LRW) of the research water-water reactor KIR WWR-K have been studied. It was found that the hybrid compositions have a high synergistic effect regard to the sorption of radionuclides, especially 137Cs+ and 134Cs+ . The distribution coefficient of cesium radionuclides in the composite materials are 2 times higher in comparison with the those sorption activity in the mineral matrix. It has been established that the sorption of radionuclides by two-phase hybrid compositions is carried out by a combination of three mechanisms. Firstly, due to the electrostatic binding reaction between the functional groups of sorbents and metal ions stabilized by the system of coordination bonds with electron-donating nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the amino and carbonyl groups of the polymer matrix. Secondly, as a result of ion exchange between counterions of the mineral matrix and radionuclides ions in the environmental solution. Finally, due to the superequimolar absorption of radionuclides as a result of deformation of the crystal lattice of mineral fillers of the polymer matrix of bentonite and copper ferrocyanide, which increases their pore size. It has been shown that biphasic hybrid composite materials have an increased mechanical and radiation resistance while retaining elasticity even at high doses of electron irradiation, at which in despite on a noticeable decrease the value of deformation there is no significant decline in their compressive strength. The obtained information on the mechanism of binding of biphasic hybrid composite materials with various metal ions makes it possible to synthesize new classes of materials for selective sorption of certain types of radionuclides in the body of mineral and polymer matrices. This will allow us to use these materials as a highly effective sorption materials with a synergetic effect for the detection, identification, immobilization and fixation of LRW radionuclides.
6

Liang, Yannan, Christopher Watson, Thomas Malinski, Justin Tepera, and David E. Bergbreiter. "Soluble polymer supports for homogeneous catalysis in flow reactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 88, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2016): 953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-0801.

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AbstractThe use of polyisobutylene and poly(4-dodecylstyrene) bound catalysts that contain transition metal or organocatalysts for cyclopropanation, ring-closing metathesis, and nucleophilic catalysis in flow chemistry schemes is described and compared with similar catalysts used in batch reactions. These Rh(II) carboxylate catalysts, N-heterocyclic carbene-ligated Ru(II) benzylidene catalysts, and analogs of 4-dimethylaminopyridine catalysts were used in reactions in heptane in flow and then separated in a gravity based liquid/liquid separation using a biphasic heptane/acetonitrile mixture. The less dense catalyst-containing phase in that separation was continuously used in flow with fresh substrate solution. Leaching of catalysts, yields, and turnover frequencies in these flow reactions were comparable with prior results obtained with the same phase isolable catalysts in batch reactions.
7

Poudel, Ishwor, Manjusha Annaji, Robert D. Arnold, Amal Kaddoumi, Nima Shamsaei, Seungjong Lee, Jonathan Pegues, et al. "Dexamethasone eluting 3D printed metal devices for bone injuries." Therapeutic Delivery 11, no. 6 (June 2020): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/tde-2020-0014.

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Aim: Additively manufactured (3D printed), stainless steel implants were coated with dexamethasone using gelatin, chondroitin sulfate for use in bone graft surgeries. Materials & methods: The drug and polymers were deposited on the implants with a rough surface using a high precision air brush. The gelatin-chondroitin sulfate layers were cross-linked using glutaraldehyde. Results: The drug content uniformity was within 100 ± 5%, and the thickness of the polymer layer was 410 ± 5.2 μm. The in vitro release studies showed a biphasic pattern with an initial burst release followed by slow release up to 3 days. Conclusion: These results are very promising as the slow release implants can be further tested in vivo in large animals, such as cattle and horses to prevent the inflammatory cascade following surgeries.
8

Liu, Huaizhi, Yumeng Xin, Hari Krishna Bisoyi, Yan Peng, Jiuyang Zhang, and Quan Li. "Stimuli‐Driven Insulator–Conductor Transition in a Flexible Polymer Composite Enabled by Biphasic Liquid Metal (Adv. Mater. 43/2021)." Advanced Materials 33, no. 43 (October 2021): 2170336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202170336.

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9

Mamytbekov, Galymzhan Kulamkadyrovich, Dmitry Anatol’evich Zheltov, and Yernat Rashidovich Nurtazin. "Synthesis and Investigation of the Properties of Biphasic Hybrid Composites Based on Bentonite, Copper Hexacyanoferrate, Acrylamide and Acrylic Acid Hydrogel." Polymers 15, no. 12 (June 6, 2023): 2586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15122586.

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This article presents a study of the synthesis and characterization of new biphasic hybrid composite materials consisting of intercalated complexes (ICC) of natural mineral bentonite with copper hexaferrocyanide (phase I), which are incorporated into the bulk of the polymer matrix (phase II). It has been established that the sequential modification of bentonite with copper hexaferrocyanide and introduction of acrylamide and acrylic acid cross-linked copolymers into its volume by means of in situ polymerization promote the formation of a heterogeneous porous structure in the resulting hybrid material. The sorption abilities of prepared hybrid composite toward radionuclides of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) have been studied, and the mechanism for binding radionuclide metal ions with the components of the hybrid composition have been described.
10

Jeong, Wooyoung, Hyeonseo Joo, Ju Hyuck Lee, and Jong-Won Lee. "Suppressing Interfacial Degradation of Li7La3Zr2O12 Solid Electrolytes in H2O/CO2 via Polymer Encapsulation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024389mtgabs.

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Solid-state batteries with nonflammable inorganic solid electrolytes provide a fundamental solution for resolving safety concerns. Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) has been considered as a promising candidate for solid electrolytes, due to its high Li+ conductivity and chemical/electrochemical compatibility with Li metal. However, LLZO electrolytes are known to react with H2O and CO2 to form lithium carbonates (Li2CO3) on the surface when exposed to the ambient air, resulting in the significant degradation in Li+-conduction properties. Herein, we propose an effective approach for improving the air-stability of LLZO via hydrophobic polymer encapsulation. For encapsulation of LLZO powders, polyurethane-based polymers are designed and synthesized to have high hydrophobicity and ionic conductivity by engineering soft segment and hydrophobic chain extender. Bare LLZO and polymer-encapsulated LLZO (P-LLZO) powders are subjected to accelerated durability tests (ADTs) in which the concentrations of O2, H2O, and CO2 are precisely controlled to promote the interfacial reactions. Surface characterization studies reveal that the polymer encapsulation of LLZO effectively mitigates the interfacial degradation (Li2CO3 formation) by preventing the direct contact between LLZO and H2O/CO2. Furthermore, a biphasic solid electrolyte (BSE) fabricated using ADT-tested P-LLZO powders exhibits higher ionic conductivity as compared with that of BSE with ADT-tested LLZO, proving the efficacy of the polymer encapsulation. The findings of this study would be essential in understanding the role of interfacial engineering in mitigating the degradation of Li+-conduction properties and developing highly conductive and stable LLZO solid electrolytes.
11

Nagai, Daisuke, Tsutomu Imazeki, Hisatoyo Morinaga, and Hirotoshi Nakabayashi. "Synthesis of a rare-metal adsorbing polymer by three-component polyaddition of diamines, carbon disulfide, and diacrylates in an aqueous/organic biphasic medium." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 48, no. 24 (November 8, 2010): 5968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.24414.

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12

Menotti, Francesca, Sara Scutera, Bartolomeo Coppola, Fabio Longo, Narcisa Mandras, Lorenza Cavallo, Sara Comini, et al. "Tuning of Silver Content on the Antibacterial and Biological Properties of Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/Biphasic Calcium Phosphate 3D-Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering." Polymers 15, no. 17 (August 31, 2023): 3618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173618.

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There is a growing interest in tissue engineering, in which biomaterials play a pivotal role in promoting bone regeneration. Furthermore, smart functionalization can provide biomaterials with the additional role of preventing orthopedic infections. Due to the growing microbial resistance to antimicrobials used to treat those infections, metal ions, such as silver, thanks to their known wide range of bactericidal properties, are believed to be promising additives in developing antibacterial biomaterials. In this work, novel poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based 3D scaffolds have been designed and developed, where the polymer matrix was modified with both silver (Ag), to supply antibacterial behavior, and calcium phosphates (biphasic calcium phosphate, BCP) particles to impart bioactive/bioresorbable properties. The microstructural analysis showed that constructs were characterized by square-shaped macropores, in line with the morphology and size of the templating salts used as pore formers. Degradation tests demonstrated the important role of calcium phosphates in improving PCL hydrophilicity, leading to a higher degradation degree for BCP/PCL composites compared to the neat polymer after 18 days of soaking. The appearance of an inhibition halo around the silver-functionalized PCL scaffolds for assayed microorganisms and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in both adherent and planktonic bacteria demonstrate the Ag+ release from the 3D constructs. Furthermore, the PCL scaffolds enriched with the lowest silver percentages did not hamper the viability and proliferation of Saos-2 cells. A synergic combination of antimicrobial, osteoproliferative and biodegradable features provided to 3D scaffolds the required potential for bone tissue engineering, beside anti-microbial properties for reduction in prosthetic joints infections.
13

Coppola, Bartolomeo, Francesca Menotti, Fabio Longo, Giuliana Banche, Narcisa Mandras, Paola Palmero, and Valeria Allizond. "New Generation of Osteoinductive and Antimicrobial Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review." Polymers 16, no. 12 (June 12, 2024): 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16121668.

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With respect to other fields, bone tissue engineering has significantly expanded in recent years, leading not only to relevant advances in biomedical applications but also to innovative perspectives. Polycaprolactone (PCL), produced in the beginning of the 1930s, is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer. Due to its mechanical and physicochemical features, as well as being easily shapeable, PCL-based constructs can be produced with different shapes and degradation kinetics. Moreover, due to various development processes, PCL can be made as 3D scaffolds or fibres for bone tissue regeneration applications. This outstanding biopolymer is versatile because it can be modified by adding agents with antimicrobial properties, not only antibiotics/antifungals, but also metal ions or natural compounds. In addition, to ameliorate its osteoproliferative features, it can be blended with calcium phosphates. This review is an overview of the current state of our recent investigation into PCL modifications designed to impair microbial adhesive capability and, in parallel, to allow eukaryotic cell viability and integration, in comparison with previous reviews and excellent research papers. Our recent results demonstrated that the developed 3D constructs had a high interconnected porosity, and the addition of biphasic calcium phosphate improved human cell attachment and proliferation. The incorporation of alternative antimicrobials—for instance, silver and essential oils—at tuneable concentrations counteracted microbial growth and biofilm formation, without affecting eukaryotic cells’ viability. Notably, this challenging research area needs the multidisciplinary work of material scientists, biologists, and orthopaedic surgeons to determine the most suitable modifications on biomaterials to design favourable 3D scaffolds based on PCL for the targeted healing of damaged bone tissue.
14

Dalrymple, Ashley N., Jordyn E. Ting, Rohit Bose, James K. Trevathan, Stephan Nieuwoudt, Scott F. Lempka, Manfred Franke, et al. "Stimulation of the dorsal root ganglion using an Injectrode®." Journal of Neural Engineering 18, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 056068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ac2ffb.

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Abstract Objective. The goal of this work was to compare afferent fiber recruitment by dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation using an injectable polymer electrode (Injectrode®) and a more traditional cylindrical metal electrode. Approach. We exposed the L6 and L7 DRG in four cats via a partial laminectomy or burr hole. We stimulated the DRG using an Injectrode or a stainless steel (SS) electrode using biphasic pulses at three different pulse widths (80, 150, 300 μs) and pulse amplitudes spanning the range used for clinical DRG stimulation. We recorded antidromic evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) in the sciatic, tibial, and common peroneal nerves using nerve cuffs. We calculated the conduction velocity of the ECAPs and determined the charge-thresholds and recruitment rates for ECAPs from Aα, Aβ, and Aδ fibers. We also performed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements for both electrode types. Main results. The ECAP thresholds for the Injectrode did not differ from the SS electrode across all primary afferents (Aα, Aβ, Aδ) and pulse widths; charge-thresholds increased with wider pulse widths. Thresholds for generating ECAPs from Aβ fibers were 100.0 ± 32.3 nC using the SS electrode, and 90.9 ± 42.9 nC using the Injectrode. The ECAP thresholds from the Injectrode were consistent over several hours of stimulation. The rate of recruitment was similar between the Injectrodes and SS electrode and decreased with wider pulse widths. Significance. The Injectrode can effectively excite primary afferents when used for DRG stimulation within the range of parameters used for clinical DRG stimulation. The Injectrode can be implanted through minimally invasive techniques while achieving similar neural activation to conventional electrodes, making it an excellent candidate for future DRG stimulation and neuroprosthetic applications.
15

Zhang, Teng, Essolé Padayodi, Jean-Claude Sagot, and Rija Nirina Raoelison. "Metallization of carbon-fibre reinforced composites via a metal-epoxy biphasic sublayer and low-pressure cold spraying." Powder Technology, April 2023, 118575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118575.

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16

Peng, Yan, Hao Peng, Zixun Chen, and Jiuyang Zhang. "Ultrasensitive Soft Sensor from Anisotropic Conductive Biphasic Liquid Metal–Polymer Gels." Advanced Materials, December 5, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202305707.

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AbstractSubtle vibrations, such as sound and ambient noises, are common mechanical waves that can transmit energy and signals for modern technologies such as robotics and health management devices. However, soft electronics cannot accurately distinguish ultrasmall vibrations owing to their extremely small pressure, complex vibration waveforms, and high noise susceptibility. This study successfully recognized signals from subtle vibrations using a highly flexible anisotropic conductive gel (ACG) based on biphasic liquid metals. The relationships between the anisotropic structure, subtle vibrations, and electrical performance were investigated using rheological–electrical experiments. The refined anisotropic design successfully realized low‐cost flexible electronics with ultrahigh sensitivity (Gauge Factor: 12787), extremely low detection limit (strain: 0.01%), and excellent frequency recognition accuracy (> 99%), significantly surpassing those of current flexible sensors. The ultrasensitive flexible electronics in this study are beneficial for diverse advanced technologies such as acoustic engineering, wearable electronics, and intelligent robotics.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
17

Liu, Huaizhi, Yumeng Xin, Hari Krishna Bisoyi, Yan Peng, Jiuyang Zhang, and Quan Li. "Stimuli‐Driven Insulator–Conductor Transition in a Flexible Polymer Composite Enabled by Biphasic Liquid Metal." Advanced Materials, September 19, 2021, 2104634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202104634.

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18

Wei, Jiangli, Hao Peng, Yuqing Zhu, and Jiuyang Zhang. "Mechanical and Electrical Dual-Repairing Agents for Flexible Conductors Based on Biphasic Liquid Metal–Polymer Composites." ACS Applied Polymer Materials, December 4, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.3c01363.

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19

Amjad, Razieh Sobhi, Mehdi Asadollahzadeh, Rezvan Torkaman, and Meisam Torab-Mostaedi. "An efficiency strategy for cobalt recovery from simulated wastewater by biphasic system with polyethylene glycol and ammonium sulfate." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (October 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21418-7.

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AbstractToday, biphasic aqueous systems have received more attention than conventional separation methods due to their advantages, such as biocompatibility, low cost, and easy operation. The extraction of cobalt ions from the aqueous phase with the absence and the presence of other ions was investigated using polyethylene glycol, and ammonium sulfate salt without using an extractant. The efficiency was evaluated using operating parameters such as aqueous pH, salt and polymer concentrations, phase volume ratio, and initial metal concentration. The higher temperature, and the lower aqueous pH showed a maximum transfer rate for cobalt ions into the PEG1000 phase. Extraction efficiency under optimal conditions equal to 50% (w/w) polyethylene glycol 1000, 4 M ammonium sulfate, aqueous pH = 2, and 15 min extraction time was over 98%. Results from infrared spectroscopy, and thermo-gravimetric analysis illustrated the presence of the PEG-cobalt ion complex. The observation demonstrated that the biphasic system is the proper technology for wastewater purification.
20

Sinoimeri, Eris, Anne-Claire Pescheux, Ismaël Guillotte, Jérôme Cognard, Lenka Svecova, and Isabelle Billard. "Fate of metal ions in PEG-400/Na2SO4/H2O aqueous biphasic system: from eviction to extraction towards the upper polymer-rich phase." Separation and Purification Technology, December 2022, 122854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122854.

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21

Freitas, Marta Calisto, Afsaneh L. Sanati, Pedro Alhais Lopes, André F. Silva, and Mahmoud Tavakoli. "3D Printed Gallium Battery with Outstanding Energy Storage: Toward Fully Printed Battery‐on‐the‐Board Soft Electronics." Small, February 9, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202304716.

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AbstractThe last decade observed rapid progress in soft electronics. Yet, the ultimate desired goal for many research fields is to fabricate fully integrated soft‐matter electronics with sensors, interconnects, and batteries, at the ease of pushing a print button. In this work, an important step is taken toward this by demonstrating an ultra‐stretchable thin‐film Silver‐Gallium (Ag‐Ga) battery with an unprecedented combination of areal capacity and mechanical strain tolerance. The Biphasic Gallium‐Carbon anode electrode demonstrates a record‐breaking areal capacity of 78.7 mAh cm−2, and an exceptional stretchability of 170%, showing clear progress over state‐of‐the‐art. The exceptional theoretical capacity of gallium, along with its natural liquid phase self‐healing, and its dendrite‐free operation permits excellent electromechanical cycling. All composites of the battery including liquid‐metal‐based current collectors, and electrodes are sinter‐free and digitally printable at room temperature, enabling the use of a wide range of substrates, including heat‐sensitive polymer films. Consequently, it is demonstrated for the first time multi‐layer, and multi‐material digital printing of complex battery‐on‐the‐board stretchable devices that integrate printed sensor, multiple cells of printed battery, highly conductive interconnects, and silicone chips, and demonstrate a tailor‐made patch for body‐worn electrophysiological monitoring.
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Lomascolo, Anne, Elise Odinot, Pierre Villeneuve, and Jérôme Lecomte. "Challenges and advances in biotechnological approaches for the synthesis of canolol and other vinylphenols from biobased p-hydroxycinnamic acids: a review." Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts 16, no. 1 (November 14, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13068-023-02425-w.

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Abstractp-Hydroxycinnamic acids, such as sinapic, ferulic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids, are among the most abundant phenolic compounds found in plant biomass and agro-industrial by-products (e.g. cereal brans, sugar-beet and coffee pulps, oilseed meals). These p-hydroxycinnamic acids, and their resulting decarboxylation products named vinylphenols (canolol, 4-vinylguaiacol, 4-vinylphenol, 4-vinylcatechol), are bioactive molecules with many properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, and potential applications in food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries. They were also shown to be suitable precursors of new sustainable polymers and biobased substitutes for fine chemicals such as bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers. Non-oxidative microbial decarboxylation of p-hydroxycinnamic acids into vinylphenols involves cofactor-free and metal-independent phenolic acid decarboxylases (EC 4.1.1 carboxyl lyase family). Historically purified from bacteria (Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter genera) and some yeasts (e.g. Brettanomyces or Candida), these enzymes were described for the decarboxylation of ferulic and p-coumaric acids into 4-vinylguaiacol and 4-vinylphenol, respectively. The catalytic mechanism comprised a first step involving p-hydroxycinnamic acid conversion into a semi-quinone that then decarboxylated spontaneously into the corresponding vinyl compound, in a second step. Bioconversion processes for synthesizing 4-vinylguaiacol and 4-vinylphenol by microbial decarboxylation of ferulic and p-coumaric acids historically attracted the most research using bacterial recombinant phenolic acid decarboxylases (especially Bacillus enzymes) and the processes developed to date included mono- or biphasic systems, and the use of free- or immobilized cells. More recently, filamentous fungi of the Neolentinus lepideus species were shown to natively produce a more versatile phenolic acid decarboxylase with high activity on sinapic acid in addition to the others p-hydroxycinnamic acids, opening the way to the production of canolol by biotechnological processes applied to rapeseed meal. Few studies have described the further microbial/enzymatic bioconversion of these vinylphenols into valuable compounds: (i) synthesis of flavours such as vanillin, 4-ethylguaiacol and 4-ethylphenol from 4-vinylguaiacol and 4-vinylphenol, (ii) laccase-mediated polymer synthesis from canolol, 4-vinylguaiacol and 4-vinylphenol.

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