Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'BioY'

En un anterior trabajo sobre lo fantástico en Borges constatamos que en la discusión internacional existe un consenso básico con respecto al subtipo textual "fantástico" que se define, al contrario de la novela o cuento realista, a través de la oposición "realidad vs. maravilloso", donde se presupone que en el primer caso la ficción está siempre empecinada en imitar la realidad exactamente, en modelarla y problematizarla o en competir con ella. Según esta presuposición, la literatura fantástica, por el contrario, se basa en estructuras narrativas en las cuales se transgrede un límite topográfico y/o normativo (Lotman 1973) concebido según un modelo histórico-cultural determinado del mundo, que como tal está sometido a transformaciones y cambios y es de naturaleza mimética. Todorov define lo "fantástico puro" partiendo de las publicaciones citadas en base a la "indecisión" de lo acontecido por parte del lector y de los personajes, es decir, en base a "un événement étrange, qui provoque une hésitation chez le lecteur et le héros", lo cual implica una identificación entre lector y personaje. La indecidibilidad por parte del lector radica en la ambigüedad estructural de la obra misma. Precisamente en este punto de la discusión con la crítica sobre el género de lo fantástico nos parece que no solamente la obra de Borges difiere de esta tradicional definición de lo fantástico – como entonces tratamos de demostrarlo –, sino al menos las dos obras de Bioy que vamos a tratar con detenimiento a continuación.

Le traitement de l'espace dans la littérature fantastique argentine des années quarante à soixante, et notamment son caractère abstrait, peuvent être reliés à un rapport problématique à l'espace, traditionnel en Argentine. La première partie retrace brièvement l'évolution de ce rapport, et en retrouve la formulation dans les essais identitaires des années trente. La seconde est consacrée à Borges, qui crée une nouvelle littérature d'imagination. Borges, après avoir entrepris, dans les années vingt, la fondation poétique d'une ville métaphysique, accentue le processus d'abstraction de l'espace dans son projet littéraire à partir des années trente, aboutissant aux espaces imaginaires, aussi construits qu'abstraits, de ses nouvelles des années quarante. Dans la dernière partie, l'examen du traitement de l'espace, dans les premières oeuvres de Bioy Casares et surtout de Cortazar, permet de distinguer deux étapes majeures : l'invention d'espaces clos utopiques dans les années quarante, puis la représentation d'un espace cerne, ou les angoisses qui suscite en particulier le contexte péroniste viennent réactiver un malaise plus ancien de la ville face à l'espace argentin
The treatment of space in argentine fantastic literature, from the forties to the sixties, and particularly its abstract quality, are to be related to a problematic relationship with space, traditional in Argentina. The first part provides a synthetically approach of this relationship, and of its evolution up to the nineteen-thirties, when it is expressed in a series of critical essays. The second part is dedicated to Borges, his critical approach of the representation of space, and his promotion of abstract spaces in his short stories of the forties. The last part deals with the figures of space in the early works of his followers, Bioy Casares and Cortazar, from utopia closed spaces to a surrounded, insecure space, reflecting both traditional fears and modern anxieties, connected, for instance, with the context of peronism

En un anterior trabajo sobre lo fantástico en Borges constatamos que en la discusión internacional existe un consenso básico con respecto al subtipo textual "fantástico" que se define, al contrario de la novela o cuento realista, a través de la oposición "realidad vs. maravilloso", donde se presupone que en el primer caso la ficción está siempre empecinada en imitar la realidad exactamente, en modelarla y problematizarla o en competir con ella. Según esta presuposición, la literatura fantástica, por el contrario, se basa en estructuras narrativas en las cuales se transgrede un límite topográfico y/o normativo (Lotman 1973) concebido según un modelo histórico-cultural determinado del mundo, que como tal está sometido a transformaciones y cambios y es de naturaleza mimética. Todorov define lo "fantástico puro" partiendo de las publicaciones citadas en base a la "indecisión" de lo acontecido por parte del lector y de los personajes, es decir, en base a "un événement étrange, qui provoque une hésitation chez le lecteur et le héros", lo cual implica una identificación entre lector y personaje. La indecidibilidad por parte del lector radica en la ambigüedad estructural de la obra misma. Precisamente en este punto de la discusión con la crítica sobre el género de lo fantástico nos parece que no solamente la obra de Borges difiere de esta tradicional definición de lo fantástico – como entonces tratamos de demostrarlo –, sino al menos las dos obras de Bioy que vamos a tratar con detenimiento a continuación.:Planteamiento del problema. - El concepto de fantástico como literatura medial-virtual en La invención de Morel y Plan de evasión

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
La yuxtaposición del mundo postulado como real y del postulado como irreal es un presupuesto reflexivo importante para el estudio de la Literatura Fantástica. El estudio de las relaciones que unen estos dos mundos es uno de los objetivos de este trabajo, que presenta un análisis de los caminos literarios trazados por Bioy Casares para la construcción de la novela La invención de Morel (1940). Las imágenes del insólito, así como los elementos narrativos de la novela que corroboraran para los efectos de lo fantástico, constituyen los parámetros interpretativos propuestos aquí. En el texto de Bioy Casares, el lector también es figura esencial, pues, es partícipe de los acontecimientos insólitos, en la medida que se desarrollan las estrategias narrativas de aproximación entre los lectores y el narrador. Tales estrategias provocan los efectos del suspense, que son cruciales para la elaboración de la atmosfera de lo fantástico, en ese sentido, el relato se constituye por la duda constante del narrador y por la presencia insólita de una máquina capaz de recriar una realidad de simulacro. Los estudios de T. Todorov (Todorov, 2012), Davi Arrigucci (Arrigucci Jr, 1995), David Roas (Roas, 2001), Jaime Alazraki (Alazraki, 2001) y Rosalba Campra (Campra, 2001) son fundamentales para entender las formas de composición de la narrativa fantástica.
A justaposição do mundo postulado como real e do postulado como irreal é um pressuposto reflexivo importante para o estudo da Literatura Fantástica. O estudo das relações que unem esses dois mundos é um dos objetivos deste trabalho, que apresenta uma análise dos caminhos literários traçados por Bioy Casares para a construção da novela La invención de Morel (1940). As imagens do insólito, bem como os elementos narrativos da novela que corroboraram para os efeitos do fantástico, constituem os parâmetros interpretativos propostos aqui. No texto de Bioy Casares, o leitor também é figura essencial, pois, é participe dos acontecimentos insólitos, na medida em que se desenvolvem as estratégias narrativas de aproximação entre os leitores e o narrador. Tais estratégias provocam os efeitos do suspense, que são cruciais para a elaboração da atmosfera do fantástico, nesse sentido, o relato se constitui pela dúvida constante do narrador e pela presença insólita de uma máquina capaz de recriar uma realidade de simulacro. Os estudos de T. Todorov (Todorov, 2012), Davi Arrigucci (Arrigucci Jr, 1995), David Roas (Roas, 2001), Jaime Alazraki (Alazraki, 2001) e Rosalba Campra (Campra, 2001) são fundamentais para entender as formas de composição da narrativa fantástica.

La présente étude part du constat que la critique littéraire s'intéresse peu aux oeuvres écrites en collaboration. Il s'agit ici d'aborder la question à partir d'une collaboration littéraire tout à fait exceptionnelle : celle entreprise pendant plus de quarante ans (1936-1977) par Jorge Luis Borges et Adolfo Bioy Casares. D'une manière générale, l'écriture en collaboration est considérée comme une oeuvre plutôt mineure et le fait de ne pas écrire seul comme un signe de faiblesse, même si un tel trait ne peut s'appliquer qu'aux seuls auteurs ayant toujours, ou presque, écrit conjointement. Or, l'étude de l'écriture en collaboration de Borges et Bioy Casares ne peut faire abstraction de l'abondante et importante oeuvre individuelle produite parallèlement. Cette oeuvre conjointe a pourtant été dévalorisée au regard de l'oeuvre individuelle. Réduite la plupart du temps par les critiques à un jeu entre les deux écrivains. . .

Submitted by Amanda Silva (amanda.osilva2@ufpe.br) on 2015-04-17T13:54:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO José Ronaldo Luna.pdf: 1941269 bytes, checksum: 3be2c04032b3ca947e6b9ae873e1eeb5 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)
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A formação de uma análise crítica acerca da narrativa fantástica não coincide com a etapa de seu surgimento: seu estudo apenas se consolidaria, na França, a partir da segunda metade do século XX. Os principais teóricos – desde o francês Pierre-George Castex ao espanhol David Roas – reconhecem seu aparecimento na literatura ainda no Século das Luzes: desde suas origens, os autores que cultivaram tal modo literário, de alguma maneira desestabilizam a regularidade do mundo representado; abre-se, portanto, a pergunta por seus limites, por sua ontologia e sua possibilidade – e mesmo a do leitor, que, a partir da recepção, ao ativar a anomalia, funda suas próprias perquirições. Com inúmeras mudanças ocorridas nos dois últimos séculos, o fantástico, pode-se dizer, expandiu suas possibilidades, posto que, cada vez mais, pode suscitar fissuras: entre outros possíveis, opera precisamente provocando rupturas no modelo paradigmático que adotamos, frente a um universo cada vez mais vasto e desconhecido. Nesse sentido, a obra do escritor argentino Adolfo Bioy Casares se insere no âmbito da produção fantástica renovando-a e reconfigurando-a, a partir de textos inaugurais, a saber, La invención de Morel (1940) e La trama celeste (1948). Distanciando-se da ornamentação gótica com seus vampiros e fantasmas, bem como de eventos sobrenaturais, as tramas rigorosas desse autor fundam a literatura fantástica na ficcionalização de hipóteses científicas ou filosóficas, conduzidas por uma imaginação que não prescinde da razão.

La reconnaissance internationale de la littérature latino-américaine au XXe siècle a souvent été interprétée par la critique comme le résultat de l’influence du Modernisme, notamment du fait de la lecture, par les auteurs latino-américains, de James Joyce et William Faulkner. Certains auteurs du continent, pourtant, suivent des stratégies différentes : Borges, Bioy Casares et Cortázar utilisent les fondements de la littérature de genre (fantastique, policier, horreur, roman d’aventures) pour opérer une reconfiguration des équilibres entre le champ littéraire et les injonctions politiques, nationales et culturelles. Dans cette optique, le travail de Robert Louis Stevenson sur les publics populaires et le croisement des genres peut être vu comme une référence idéale, du fait de sa complexité et de son souci constant d’expérimentation. Cette étude a donc pour objectif de proposer une comparaison de ces stratégies, en utilisant les outils conceptuels et théoriques de la littérature mondiale. Stevenson, de cette manière, pourra apparaître comme un modèle herméneutique pour penser et résoudre certains dilemmes géographiques et littéraires
The international recognition of Latin American literature during the twentieth century has been interpreted by critics as a result of a Modernist influence, mainly through the reading of James Joyce and William Faulkner. Some Latin American writers, though, pursued other strategies : Bioy Casares, Borges and Cortázar used the foundations of popular literature (fantastic, detective or horror literature, adventure novel) to reconfigure the relations between the literary field and the political, national and cultural injonctions. For that purpose, Robert Louis Stevenson’s work on popular audience and generic hybridity at the end of the Victorian era can be seen as an ideal point of reference, thanks to its complexity and constant experimentation. The aim of the present study is to analyse this process using world literature’s conceptual and theorical tools. Stevenson can thus be seen as a model to think and resolve some geographical and literary dilemmas

"Exceptionnelle par son ampleur, sa durée, et la qualité de ses fruits, l'œuvre en collaboration d'Adolfo Bioy Casares et de Jorge Luis Borges est également exemplaire du triste sort réservé à un type de création toujours relégué au second plan par la critique. Privilégiant una approche analytique et critique de cette œuvre commune, notre étude constitue une réflexion sur la place de la littérature plurielle dans les études littéraires. Après une présentation et un inventaire détaillés de l'extraordinaire entreprise de collaboration menée pendant près de quarante années par ces deux célèbres écrivains, nous nous sommes attachées à reconstituer et à analyser l'implacable processus de marginalisation dont elle est l'objet depuis toujours. Alors que les nombreux et fascinants textes pluriels de Bioy Casares et de Borges demeurent, aujourd'hui encore, largement inconnus du commun des lecteurs et ne semblent devoir mériter que mépris et condescendance de la part de tous, nous avons alors tenté de donner sens à l'ostracisme frappant cette écriture atypique : à travers une lecture seconde des principaux commentaires consacrés à l'œuvre de Honorio Bustos Domecq - cet écrivain fictif régulièrement vilipendé par ses pères pour sa "vulgarité baroque" - nous avons ainsi pu lire, en retour, les premiers critères distinctifs d'une écriture plurielle dont la puissance créatrice et subversive semble bien être à la mesure de son refoulement et de sa relégation aux confins de ce que Michel Foucault appelait aussi "l'ordre du discours littéraire". "

Esta dissertação discute os temas da velhice e do insulamento no romance Diario de la guerra del cerdo (1969), de Adolfo Bioy Casares. Para tanto, analisam-se textos críticos relacionados à escrita criativa daquele escritor argentino de modo a subsidiar uma proposta de investigação que, para além do desenvolvimento de um estudo restrito a um conflito geracional, evidencie a importância do problema da insularidade no romance. A fim de promover reflexões sobre o tema do insulamento, dialoga-se com as teorizações de Vilém Flusser a propósito da Bodenlosigkeit - atestado da falta de fundamento, ausência de chão - e de Osman Lins acerca do 'ilhamento'. A análise da senescência é promovida por meio de aproximações entre a interpretação do texto literário e perspectivas teóricas como as de Simone de Beauvoir, a respeito da velhice, e de Michel Foucault, no que toca à microfísica do poder.

En este trabajo de investigación, se pretende explicar la naturaleza del personaje de Faustine, de la novela La invención de Morel de Adolfo Bioy Casares. Se plantea que Faustine es una representación y un simulacro de su original. Para ello, se hace uso de las teorías filosóficas de Platón, Aristóteles, Jean Baudrillard y Corinne Enaudeau. Esta última, a diferencia de los primeros, plantea el concepto de representación como una paradoja: la imagen de Faustine revela la apariencia del su original, pero, al presentarse a ella misma, oculta a su referente. Faustine-imagen subsiste a su modelo por su cualidad de artificialidad, pero lo que trasciende es lo que muestra: a Faustine. De esta forma, otra de las interrogantes que se presentan es si la representación es una manera de lograr la trascendencia. Otras obras literarias han explorado la preferencia de la representación sobre el original. Por ello, se realiza una comparación entre “Muñeca reina” de Carlos Fuentes, “Las Hortensias” de Felisberto Hernández, “El hombre de arena” de E. T. A. Hoffmann, “El retrato oval” de Edgar Allan Poe y “El vampiro” de Horacio Quiroga con La invención de Morel, para rastrear las motivaciones que llevan a la creación de representaciones y simulacros, aunque eso implique la eliminación del referente.

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Esta tese trata de duas pesquisas no campo da modelagem molecular, com diferentes naturezas conceituais, por?m, baseadas em semelhantes princ?pios te?ricos da f?sica qu?ntica e da qu?mica computacional. No primeiro estudo, com o intuito de esclarecer os aspectos estruturais e energ?ticos da estabilidade da tripla-h?lice do col?geno humano, foram quantificadas as energias de intera??o entre os res?duos de amino?cidos que comp?em o pept?deo homotrim?rico T3-785, por interm?dio de c?lculos de Mec?nica Qu?ntica na luz da Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT) e do m?todo de Fracionamento Molecular com Capuzes Conjugados (MFCC). Assim, as for?as de atra??o e repuls?o de cada um dos 90 res?duos que comp?em o sistema foram assinadas e as regi?es com alta/baixa estabilidade identificadas e comparativamente analisadas. Os dados obtidos aprofundaram as discuss?es sobre a estabilidade conformacional do col?geno. Na segunda pesquisa, propriedades de transporte eletr?nico de dois modelos biol?gicos foram exploradas. Nesse sentido, 27 miRNAs associados ao autismo e pept?deos formados pelas sequ?ncias (Thr-Ala)n e (Ala-Lys)n tiveram suas curvas de corrente-voltagem (I x V) calculadas. Os c?lculos computacionais foram parcialmente executados pelo m?todo qu?ntico DFT e, fundamentalmente, dentro de um modelo tight-binding, em conjunto com a t?cnica de matriz de transfer?ncia. No caso dos miRNAs, os resultados sugerem que um tipo de biosensor pode ser desenvolvido para distinguir diferentes tipos de autismo. J? os pept?deos analisados, demonstraram-se como bons candidatos para a constru??o de um diodo molecular. Ambos os resultados podem fundamentar e estimular pesquisas experimentais com essas biomol?culas no campo da nanoeletr?nica.

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The objective of this study was to produce biofuels (bio-oil and gas) from the thermal treatment of sewage sludge in rotating cylinder, aiming industrial applications. The biomass was characterized by immediate and instrumental analysis (elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy - SEM, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and ICP-OES). A kinetic study on non-stationary regime was done to calculate the activation energy by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis evaluating thermochemical and thermocatalytic process of sludge, the latter being in the presence of USY zeolite. As expected, the activation energy evaluated by the mathematical model "Model-free kinetics" applying techniques isoconversionais was lowest for the catalytic tests (57.9 to 108.9 kJ/mol in the range of biomass conversion of 40 to 80%). The pyrolytic plant at a laboratory scale reactor consists of a rotating cylinder whose length is 100 cm with capable of processing up to 1 kg biomass/h. In the process of pyrolysis thermochemical were studied following parameters: temperature of reaction (500 to 600 ? C), flow rate of carrier gas (50 to 200 mL/min), frequency of rotation of centrifugation for condensation of bio-oil (20 to 30 Hz) and flow of biomass (4 and 22 g/min). Products obtained during the process (pyrolytic liquid, coal and gas) were characterized by classical and instrumental analytical techniques. The maximum yield of liquid pyrolytic was approximately 10.5% obtained in the conditions of temperature of 500 ?C, centrifugation speed of 20 Hz, an inert gas flow of 200 mL/min and feeding of biomass 22 g/min. The highest yield obtained for the gas phase was 23.3% for the temperature of 600 ?C, flow rate of 200 mL/min inert, frequency of rotation of the column of vapor condensation 30 Hz and flow of biomass of 22 g/min. The non-oxygenated aliphatic hydrocarbons were found in greater proportion in the bio-oil (55%) followed by aliphatic oxygenated (27%). The bio-oil had the following characteristics: pH 6.81, density between 1.05 and 1.09 g/mL, viscosity between 2.5 and 3.1 cSt and highest heating value between 16.91 and 17.85 MJ/ kg. The main components in the gas phase were: H2, CO, CO2 and CH4. Hydrogen was the main constituent of the gas mixture, with a yield of about 46.2% for a temperature of 600 ? C. Among the hydrocarbons formed, methane was found in higher yield (16.6%) for the temperature 520 oC. The solid phase obtained showed a high ash content (70%) due to the abundant presence of metals in coal, in particular iron, which was also present in bio-oil with a rate of 0.068% in the test performed at a temperature of 500 oC.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir biocombust?veis (bio-?leo e g?s), a partir do tratamento t?rmico do lodo de esgoto dom?stico em cilindro rotativo, visando aplica??o industrial. A biomassa foi caracterizada por an?lise imediata e instrumental (An?lise Elementar, Microsc?pica Eletr?nica de Varredura - MEV, Difra??o de Raios-X, Espectroscopia no Infravermelho, ICP-OES). Um estudo cin?tico, em regime n?o estacion?rio foi realizado para o c?lculo da energia de ativa??o por An?lise T?rmica Gravim?trica avaliando os processos termoqu?micos e termocatal?ticos do lodo, sendo este ?ltimo na presen?a da ze?lita USY. Como esperado, a energia de ativa??o avaliada pelo modelo matem?tico "Model-free kinetics" aplicando t?cnicas isoconversionais foi menor para os ensaios catal?ticos (57,9 108,9 kJ/mol, no intervalo de convers?es da biomassa de 40 ? 80%). A planta pirol?tica, em escala de laborat?rio ? constitu?da de um reator de cilindro rotativo cujo comprimento ? 100 cm, com capacidade de processar at? 1 Kg biomassa/h. No processo da pir?lise termoqu?mica foram estudados os seguintes par?metros: temperatura da rea??o (500 ? 600 ?C), vaz?o do g?s de arraste (50 ? 200 mL/min), freq??ncia de rota??o de centrifuga??o (20 ? 30 Hz) para condensa??o do bio-?leo e vaz?o m?ssica de biomassa (4 e 22 g/min). Os produtos obtidos durante o processo (l?quido pirol?tico, carv?o e g?s) foram caracterizados atrav?s de t?cnicas anal?ticas cl?ssicas e instrumentais. O rendimento m?ximo de l?quido pirol?tico foi da ordem de 10,5% obtido nas condi??es de temperatura de 500 ?C, rota??o da centrifuga??o de 20 Hz, vaz?o de g?s inerte de 200 mL/min e vaz?o m?ssica de biomassa 22 g/min. O maior rendimento obtido para a fase gasosa foi de 23,3 %, para a temperatura da rea??o de 600 oC, vaz?o de inerte 200 mL/min, freq??ncia de rota??o da coluna de condensa??o de vapores 30 Hz e vaz?o m?ssica de biomassa de 22 g/min. Os hidrocarbonetos alif?ticos n?o oxigenados foram encontrados em maior propor??o no bio-?leo (55%) seguido pelos compostos alif?ticos oxigenados (27%). O bio-?leo apresentou as seguintes caracter?sticas: pH 6,81, densidade entre 1,05 e 1,09 g/mL, viscosidade entre 2,5 e 3,1 cSt e poder calor?fico superior entre 16,91 e 17,85 MJ/kg. Os principais componentes obtidos na fase gasosa foram: H2, CO, CO2, CH4. O hidrog?nio foi o principal constituinte da mistura gasosa, com rendimento da ordem de 46,2 %, para a temperatura de 600 oC e, dentre os hidrocarbonetos formados, o metano foi encontrado em maior rendimento (16,6 %) para a temperatura 520 oC. A fase s?lida obtida apresentou elevado teor de cinzas (70%), devido ? presen?a abundante de metais no carv?o, em particular, o ferro, o qual esteve tamb?m presente no bio-?leo com um percentual de 0,068 % no ensaio realizado na temperatura de 500 oC

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O presente estudo foi realizado na Reserva Biol?gica do Lami (30? 15 S; 51? 05 W), uma ?rea com aproximadamente 179 ha localizada no munic?pio de Porto Alegre, Brasil. As atividades de campo compreenderam visitas bimensais a tr?s banhados semi-permanentes, com dura??o aproximada de dois dias e duas noites cada, entre agosto de 2004 e julho de 2005. Observamos diferen?as nos s?tios utilizados por machos, f?meas e juvenis, com machos ocupando locais mais profundos e mais distantes da margem. A distribui??o temporal dos indiv?duos, vocaliza??es e amplexos indicaram que, no local de estudo, a reprodu??o de P. minutus ? estacional prolongada, e regulada por fatores abi?ticos. Os machos em atividade de vocaliza??o apresentaram diferen?a significativa em rela??o os machos n?o vocalizantes para todos os fatores abi?ticos di?rios analisados (temperatura do ar, temperatura da ?gua, umidade relativa do ar e pluviosidade), bem como na temperatura do ar e pluviosidade mensais. A quantidade de machos, f?meas e juvenis em atividade foi influenciada pelo menos por um dos fatores ambientais mensais ou di?rios analisados. Os machos apresentaram duas vocaliza??es distintas: o canto de an?ncio e o canto territorial, este ?ltimo podendo apresentar uma ou duas notas. A freq??ncia dominante do canto de an?ncio n?o apresentou correla??o com a massa e o CRC dos machos gravados. Foram observados dois encontros agon?sticos entre machos; em um houve apenas intera??o ac?stica entre os indiv?duos, e no outro intera??o ac?stica e f?sica. Os machos apresentaram atividade de vocaliza??o predominantemente noturna e ocasionalmente diurna, com pico por volta das 23 horas. O n?mero de machos vocalizando variou significativamente ao longo do ano, sendo maior de maio a novembro, com pico em setembro.

Arquitecto
Definido como instrumento de implementación de la próxima Política Nacional de Transporte, el actual plan interministerial de movilidad para el Gran Santiago (PMTS 2025) considera más de 20 iniciativas públicas y privadas entre Metro, tranvías, trenes interurbanos, ciclovías, corredores Transantiago y un teleférico, totalizando 45 potenciales nodos intermodales en 17 comunas santiaguinas. Esta inversión es una oportunidad para reflejar una nueva relación dialéctica entre transporte y espacio urbano, a través del replanteamiento de la concepción y diseño de infraestructuras multimodales, abordando así su actual desconexión de la estructura urbana en la que se insertan y anticipando posibles consecuencias en las dinámicas locales de desarrollo. En el barrio Biobío se proyectaría una combinación intermodal entre la metroestación homónima (L6) y la línea de pre-Metro trazada por el eje Santa Rosa, convirtiendo al sector, a través de este eje metropolitano, en portal de acceso sur a la comuna capital. Asimismo, se advierte una nula protección normativa del barrio, fortaleciendo las expectativas de densificación residencial de municipios adyacentes y especulaciones inmobiliarias detenidas desde avenida Matta hacia el sur, amenazando la reconocida identidad comercial y social del barrio. Este escenario motiva a plantear una Estación Metamodal (“una interconexión más allá de los modos”, como se explicará) desglosada en tres escalas de acción (predio, radio de influencia y hemisferios), debido al impacto e influencia recíproca tanto en las dinámicas de desarrollo como en los patrones de desplazamientos (inter)locales. La propuesta arquitectónica propiamente tal consiste en el reacondicionamiento de un centenario galpón y sus predios contiguos, a intervenir bajo estrategias de diseño inspiradas en las decisiones locales de ocupación comercial de galpones y galerías interiores, y reconociendo la jerarquía de los flujos locales categorizados (vitrineo/conexión). Más allá de los clichés, ambos reflejan el patrimonio intangible local. Asimismo, la Estación también sumará metraje comercial y suplirá la carencia de espacios públicos de ocio (simultáneidad, temporalidad y diversidad) y suturará ambos hemisferios del barrio -amenazados por el corredor Transantiago Santa Rosa-, definiendo estrategias preliminares de intervención urbanística y de estructuración vial.

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O presente trabalho aborda a quest?o da manipula??o gen?tica, especialmente a clonagem e o Diagn?stico Geral de Pr?-Implementa??o de Embri?es a partir de suas implica??es para a autocompreens?o do ser humano. Para tanto, as perspectivas de Hans Jonas, Jurgen Habermas, Michel Foucault e Giorgio Agamben ser?o consideradas, propondo uma leitura complementar destes autores que indica para um limite da pesquisa biom?dica. Tal limite ser? estabelecido a partir de uma perspectiva antropol?gica, que sustenta na diferencia??o entre a tomada biol?gica do homem, enquanto mero vivente, e na considera??o deste enquanto fen?meno espec?fico que ocorre em uma cesura d a vida nua para uma vida politicamente relevante

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Healthy aging is characterized by the ability of the immune system in preserve some of their functions intact, avoiding the appearance of some age-related diseases and thus contributing to reaching longevity. Furthermore, healthy aging is associated to a better stress coping. Studies have demonstrated immunological changes occurred in old individuals, as well as the consequences of stress on aging. However, few studies have addressed such changes in very old subjects. Here, we analyzed emotional factors and the changes in the lymphocytes subpopulations involved on aging, and the role of these changes to reach longevity healthily. A group of twenty healthy very old subjects together with a group of healthy old individuals and a groups of healthy young adults were recruited in this study. Stress levels were assessed by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), while depression levels were investigated by Beck Depression Inventories II (BDI-II). Lymphocytes were isolated and assessed by flow cytometry. We observed some age-related changes in lymphocyte subpopulations. In particular, it was evidenced a similar CD4/CD8 ratio between very old subjects and young adults, with this rate being increased in old subjects. A significant increase in the percentage of Natural Killer cells (CD56+CD16+) was observed in the very old subjects, showing that the activity of these cells is well preserved in this group of subjects. Also, we noticed that very old subjects are less stressed, when compared to the other groups. Our data suggests that the combination between increasing and decreasing specific immune functions may generate a balance in the immune system, contributing to reach longevity healthily.
O envelhecimento bem sucedido ? caracterizado pela habilidade do sistema imune em manter algumas de suas fun??es intactas, evitando, assim, o aparecimento de doen?as relacionadas ? idade, e, portanto, contribuindo para o alcance da longevidade. Al?m disso, o envelhecimento bem sucedido tamb?m est? relacionado a uma melhor maneira de lidar com o estresse. Diversos estudos v?m demonstrando as altera??es imunol?gicas ocorridas em indiv?duos idosos, assim como as consequ?ncias do estresse para o envelhecimento. No entanto, poucos s?o os estudos que visam observar essas altera??es em indiv?duos longevos. Neste estudo, analisamos fatores ps?quicos e altera??es nos subtipos linfocit?rios envolvidos no envelhecimento e o papel destas altera??es para o alcance da longevidade de maneira saud?vel. Vinte longevos (86-99 anos), 15 idosos (60-80 anos) e 13 jovens adultos saud?veis (20-50 anos) foram recrutados neste estudo. Os n?veis de estresse foram avaliados pela Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS), enquanto que os n?veis de depress?o foram investigados atrav?s do Invent?rio de Depress?o Beck II (BDI-II). As c?lulas mononucleares de sangue perif?rico foram isoladas e os subtipos linfocit?rios avaliados por citometria de fluxo. Dentre as popula??es avaliadas est?o as c?lulas T CD4+, T CD8+, B CD19+ e c?lulas NK CD56+. Observamos diversas altera??es idade dependente nos subtipos linfocit?rios. Em particular, foi evidenciada uma raz?o CD4/CD8 similar entre longevos e jovens, com um aumento desta raz?o ocorrendo em indiv?duos idosos. Um aumento significativo na percentagem das c?lulas Natural Killers (CD56+CD16+) foi observado nos longevos, sugerindo que a atividade destas c?lulas est? bem preservada nestes indiv?duos. Al?m disso, foi visto que os longevos s?o menos estressados, quando comparados aos outros grupos. Concluindo, nossos resultados sugerem que a combina??o entre o aumento e o decr?scimo de fun??es imunes espec?ficas pode gerar um balan?o no sistema imune, contribuindo para que se alcance a longevidade de forma saud?vel.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Stanford University, 1993.
Submitted to the Department of Classics. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-211).

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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes)
Dado o crescente n?mero de doen?as cr?nicas n?o transmiss?veis (DCNT) que afetam a sa?de e a economia dos pa?ses, alternativas que visem ? diminui??o dos fatores de risco para essas doen?as s?o imprescind?veis. A ado??o de uma dieta equilibrada, que inclua alimentos com potencialidades funcionais, associada ? pr?tica de atividade f?sica regular s?o alternativas atualmente preconizadas. Dentre os alimentos com potencialidades funcionais est? o pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), muito utilizado no Brasil para fins aliment?cios, terap?uticos e cosm?ticos, e que apresenta como componentes majorit?rios lip?deos ricos em ?cidos graxos monoinsaturados, fibras e carotenoides. Estes componentes isoladamente, apresentam alguns efeitos semelhantes ao exerc?cio f?sico aer?bio sobre a redu??o de diversos fatores de risco para DCNT, de forma que associados podem fornecer efeitos potencializadores sobre a redu??o desses fatores de risco. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, em ratos, efeitos biol?gicos advindos da ingest?o da polpa de pequi associada ? pr?tica de exerc?cio f?sico aer?bio regular (EFAR), especificamente sobre vari?veis relacionadas ao crescimento, par?metros cardiovasculares, do metabolismo glic?dico e lip?dico, sobre a histomorfometria duodenal e o estado redox celular. O protocolo experimental consistiu de quatro grupos (n=8) de ratos Wistar machos: CS - animais que receberam ra??o; CT - receberam ra??o e EFAR; PS - receberam ra??o suplementada com polpa de pequi (3,26/100g = +50% do conte?do lip?dico da ra??o) e PT - receberam ra??o suplementada com polpa de pequi e EFAR. O EFAR foi realizado em piscina, em intensidades e cargas progressivas, e a dieta fornecida ad libitum durante quinze semanas. A ingest?o alimentar e o peso corporal foram monitorados durante o per?odo experimental para os c?lculos da ingest?o alimentar e cal?rica, do ganho de peso e dos coeficientes de efici?ncia alimentar (CEA) e energ?tica (CEE). As fezes foram coletadas nas ?ltimas 72 horas do experimento. A press?o arterial sist?lica (PAS) e a frequ?ncia card?aca (FC) foram aferidas no in?cio e na ?ltima semana do experimento. No ?ltimo dia do protocolo, os animais foram eutanasiados e foram determinados: (a) o comprimento da t?bia esquerda; (b) o peso absoluto e relativo do f?gado, p?ncreas e cora??o e da gordura das regi?es epididimal e retroperitoneal; (c) a concentra??o plasm?tica de colesterol total (COL), lipoprote?na de alta densidade (HDL), triglicer?deos (TG), glicose, insulina, o ?ndice HOMA-IR e o ?ndice aterog?nico; (d) a concentra??o hep?tica e fecal de COL e TG; (e) a umidade e o pH fecais; (f) a capacidade antioxidante total ? Ferring Reducing Antioxidant Power plasm?tica, e dos tecidos muscular (s?leo), hep?tico e card?aco; (g) os n?veis de peroxida??o lip?dica - Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances nos tecidos hep?tico, muscular e card?aco; (h) a atividade da enzima super?xido dismutase nos tecidos hep?tico e muscular; (i) a atividade da enzima catalase nos tecidos hep?tico, muscular e card?aco. Foram coletadas amostras de tecido duodenal para an?lises histomorfom?tricas. Observou-se que a associa??o da ingest?o da polpa de pequi ao EFAR n?o influenciou de maneira significativa no crescimento (ingest?o alimentar e cal?rica, peso corporal, CEA, CEE, peso de ?rg?os, comprimento da t?bia), na PAS e FC, na glicemia, na insulinemia ou no ?ndice HOMA-IR. Contudo, reduziu a deposi??o de gordura visceral (epididimal e retroperitoneal). Tamb?m n?o houve diferen?as entre os tratamentos para as concentra??es plasm?ticas de COL, HDL e TG. Contudo, a associa??o da ingest?o da polpa de pequi ao EFAR promoveu menor deposi??o hep?tica e maior excre??o fecal de lip?deos, al?m de preservar melhor a altura das vilosidades intestinais e promover aumento da profundidade das criptas. N?o houve impactos significativos dos tratamentos sobre as vari?veis relacionadas ao estado redox celular, somente a atividade da catalase foi aumentada pela associa??o entre EFAR e polpa de pequi no f?gado. Os efeitos fisiol?gicos advindos da ingest?o da polpa de pequi associada ao EFAR relacionados ao menor ac?mulo de lip?deos na regi?o visceral e f?gado, com a maior excre??o desses lip?deos, aumento da profundidade das criptas sem preju?zos ? estrutura do intestino e aumento da atividade antioxidante end?gena, bem como a aus?ncia de efeitos prejudiciais sobre as demais vari?veis analisadas, faz dessa associa??o uma poss?vel estrat?gia para redu??o do risco para DCNT e manuten??o da sa?de.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014
ABSTRACT Given the increasing number of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) affecting health and economy of countries, alternatives on reducing risk factors for these diseases are urged. A balanced diet that includes foods with functional properties associated with regular physical exercise is currently recommended. Among foods with functional potential, is pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), wich is widely used in Brazil for food, cosmetic and therapeutic purposes. It has as its major components, lipids high in monounsaturated fatty acids, fiber and carotenoids. These components have some similar effects as aerobic exercise on the reduction of several risk factors for NCDs, turning its association into a potential strategy for fighting NCDs risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate, in rats, biological effects from the intake of pequi pulp associated to regular aerobic exercise (RAE), specifically on growth-related, glucose and lipid metabolism and cardiovascular variables, on duodenal histomorphometry and cellular redox state. The experimental protocol consisted of four groups (n = 8 ) of male Wistar rats: CS - animals fed chow; CT - animals feed chow and RAE; PS - animals feed chow plus pequi pulp (3.26/100g = +50 % of the lipid content of chow) and PT - animals feed chow plus pequi pulp and RAE. The RAE was held in pool at intensities and progressive loadings, and the animals were fed ad libitum for fifteen weeks. Food intake and body weight were monitored throughout the experimental period for calculation of food and energy intakes, weight gain, feed (FE) and energy efficiencies (EE). Feces were collected in last 72 hours of the experiment. Tail systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at the beginning and in the last week of the experiment. On the last day, the animals were euthanized; the abdominal and thoracic cavities were opened for sampling. It was determined: (a) The left tibia length; (b) the absolute and relative liver, pancreas and hearts weights and all the retroperitoneal and epididymal fat pads; (c) plasma concentrations of cholesterol (COL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR index and atherogenic index; (d) the liver and fecal concentrations of COL and TG; (e) fecal moisture and pH; (f) plasma, muscle (soleus), liver and heart total antioxidant capacity - Ferring Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP); (g) liver, muscle and heart levels of lipid peroxidation - Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); (h) liver and muscle activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD); (i) liver, muscle and heart activity of catalase (CAT). Duodenal tissue samples were collected for histomorphometric analyses. It was observed the intake of pequi pulp associated to RAE did not influence significantly animal?s growth (food and caloric intake, body weight, FE, EE, organ weights, tibia length), SBP and HR, plasma glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR and atherogenic indexes. However, this association reduced visceral fat pad weights. There were no differences among treatments for plasma COL, HDL and TG. However, the intake of pequi pulp associated to RAE led to lower hepatic deposition and increased fecal output of lipids, in addition to better preserve the intestinal villi height and to promote increased crypt depth. There were no significant effects regarding redox state of all variables, although CAT activity was increased in the liver of the animals fed pequi pulp plus RAE. The reduction of visceral fat and hepatic lipid deposition with increased excretion, the increased cell renewal without damaging the structure of the intestine, the increased endogenous antioxidant activity, and the absence of harmful effects on other variables, point out that the intake of pequi pulp associated to RAE is a possible strategy for reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases and for health maintenance.

This work details CMOS, bio-inspired, bio-compatible circuits which were used as synapses between an artificial neuron and a living neuron and between two living neurons. An intracellular signal from a living neuron was amplified, an integrate-and-fire neuron was used as a simple processing element to detect the spikes, and an artificial synapse was used to send outputs to another living neuron. The key structure is an electronic synapse which is based around a floating-gate pFET. The charge on the floating-gate is analogous to the synaptic weight and can be modified. This modification can be viewed as similar to long-term potentiation and long-term depression. The modification can either be programmed (supervised learning) or can adapt to the inputs (unsupervised learning). Since the technology to change the floating-gate weight has greatly improved, these weights can be set quickly and accurately. Intrinsic floating-gate learning rules were explored and the ability to change the synaptic weight was shown.

Bio-membranes: A Biological Approach to Architecture The desire to introduce an area of study which can potentially inform the field of architecture on a theoretical as well as on a practical level, is the primary aim of this creative project. More specifically, the interest of this work is focused on the identification of useful processes deriving from the world of biology and their utilization in the world of architecture. The designation of an alternative path for perceiving and understanding processing and principles that may be of use in the reconfiguration of various architectural design applications is in quest. In search of a biological model that can potentially inform the field of architecture and provide enough feedback concerning the understanding of "processing" and "principles", biomembrane systems have been designated as the appropriate subject of study. The study and analysis of the structural and functional aspects of the bio-membranes as well as the extraction of useful principles that are derived from this study consist the first part of this work. The second part describes the implementation of these principles into various architectural applications while it challenges existing paradigms and introduces new ways of looking into the realm of architectural theory.
Department of Architecture

El presente proyecto es un producto natural para personas con un estilo de vida saludable e intolerantes a la lactosa, este cuenta con viabilidad en su desarrollo, debido a la investigación realizada, en el que se segmenta a la población de Lima Metropolitana de los niveles socioeconómicos A, B y C, donde se valida un alto interés por el producto y la falta de una bebida 100% natural deslactosada y con un sabor agradable en el mercado. Asimismo, se reconoció que las personas cuentan con poca disponibilidad de tiempo para preparar sus alimentos, debido a las actividades que realizan en el día, por lo que, recurren mayormente a productos prácticos en el momento de su alimentación. Además, existe una creciente demanda de alimentos saludables y naturales, debido al incremento de personas que adoptan un estilo de vida saludable. Por último, las personas intolerantes a la lactosa cuentan con pocas alternativas de productos alimenticios y de sabor agradables en el mercado. Para que este proyecto se lleve a cabo, se realizó un estudio de mercado que involucró, en primer lugar, al consumidor, proveedores y distribuidores. También se analizó el proceso de cadena de valor para el negocio, para lo cual se tomó en cuenta la aplicación de estrategias operacionales, de responsabilidad social, de marketing y de desarrollo financiero, que tienen por finalidad mantener la rentabilidad y viabilidad del proyecto a largo plazo en el mercado. De este modo, la inversión para ejecutar este proyecto sería de S/ 9,881.54, con el que se obtendrá una utilidad neta de S/ -18,869.00 en el primer año, -S/ 62,426.00 en el segundo año y -S/80,670.00 en el tercer año.
The present project is a natural product for people with a healthy lifestyle and lactose intolerant, it has a feasibility in its development, due to the research carried out, in which the population of Metropolitan Lima is segmented from socioeconomic levels A, B and C, which validates a high interest in the product and the lack of a 100% natural drink lactose and with a pleasant taste in the market. Likewise, it was recognized that people have little availability of time to prepare their food, due to the activities they carry out during the day, so they use mostly practical products at the time of feeding. In addition, there is a growing demand for healthy and natural foods, due to the increase in people adopting a healthy lifestyle. Finally, lactose intolerant people have few alternatives for food and taste products that are pleasant in the market. For this project to be carried out, a market study was carried out that involved, first, the consumer, suppliers and distributors. The value chain process for the business was also analyzed, for which the application of operational, social responsibility, marketing and financial development strategies was taken into account, which aim to maintain the profitability and viability of the project over the long term. term in the market. In this way, the investment to execute this project would be S /S/ 9,881.54, with which a net profit of -S/ 18,869.00 will be obtained in the first year, -S/ 62,426.00in the second year and -S/80,670.00 in the third year.
Trabajo de investigación

Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações
Nesta dissertação é desenvolvido um protótipo de um bio-radar, cujo foco é a aquisição e processamento do sinal respiratório em tempo real. O sistema do bio-radar permite medir sinais vitais com precisão, baseando-se no princípio do efeito Doppler, que relaciona as propriedades do sinal recebido com a variação da distância percorrida desses sinais. Essa distância está compreendida entre as antenas do radar e a caixa torácica do paciente. No contexto deste projeto, é apresentado o modelo matemático do bio-radar e é também desenvolvido um algoritmo que visa extrair o sinal respiratório tendo em consideração a sensibilidade dos sinais envolvidos tal como o modo de operação do sistema. O protótipo em tempo real desenvolvido nesta dissertação usa um front-end baseado em Software Defined Radio (SDR) e os sinais por ele adquiridos são processados no software LabVIEW da National Instruments.
In this dissertation, a prototype of a bio-radar was developed with focus in the real-time acquisition and processing of the respiratory signal. The bio-radar system can measure vital signals accurately by using the Doppler e ect principle that relates the received signal properties with the distance change between the radar antennas and the person's chest-wall. In this framework, a mathematical model of the bio-radar is presented. Also, an algorithm for respiratory rate extraction is proposed having in mind the acquired signal's sensitivity and the system's operation. The real-time acquisition system is developed using a front-end based in SDR and the acquired signals are processed using the LabVIEW software from National Instruments.

Economic utilization of biomass as a fuel has been limited by transportation cost. One suggested remedy to address the problems of processing biomass on a large scale is to pyrolyze solid biomass at numerous local sites and transport the resulting liquid or liquid/char slurry to a large centralized conversion plant. This research involves the gasification of biomass fast pyrolysis oil, so called bio-oil, and a slurry mixture of bio-oil and fast pyrolysis char into synthesis gas. Kinetics of the reaction of steam with chars was studied using a thermo-gravimetric analyzer. Slurry Char was produced by pyrolysis of an 80 wt% bio-oil/20 wt% char mixture at nominal heating rates of 100–10,000°C/s. The resulting Slurry Char was subjected to steam gasification with 10–50 mol% steam at 800–1200°C. Reactivity of the Slurry Chars increased with the pyrolysis heating rate, but was lower than that of Original Chars. Kinetic parameters were established for a power-law rate model. Some measurements were initially done of gasification in CO₂. A fluidized bed reactor, equipped with an atomization system, was constructed for gasification of bio-oil and slurry. The reactor contained either sand, or Ni-based catalyst. Experiments included gasification with pure steam and air. Effects of bed temperatures in the range 720–850°C, steam-to-carbon molar ratios of 2.0–7.5, and air ratios of 0–0.5 on gas composition and yields were tested. The carbon conversion of bio-oil to gas was found to be greater than that of slurry. The product gas composition was affected significantly by catalysis of the water-gas shift and the steam gasification. Greater yields of hydrogen and lesser yields of CO and hydrocarbons were found when catalyst was used. On a dry, inert-free basis, gases of up to 61% H₂ were obtained. The data were compared with a thermodynamic equilibrium model. The product gas yield was reasonably predictable by the model. A mass and energy balance model of steam gasification in a dual-bed gasifier-combustor revealed that energy requirements are sensitive to the steam/carbon ratio and to the recovery of latent heat in the produced gas.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 74 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-73).
This work presents experimentation with design and fabrication methods, using biological systems either indirectly (as a source of inspiration and information for design) or directly (as a material production for fabrication). The focus is on "bioconstructs"- design methods and processes that are invented and developed under the influence of biological systems. Two projects are presented. The Polypterus project examines the unique design principles of the armor of an ancient fish and possible ways to use these principles in the design of synthetic protective and flexible applications (bio-inspired design). The project deals with the correlation between geometrical data (units' shape and rules of their composition on a surface) and functional data (anisotropic flexibility of the surface) to formulate a parametric design system. The Xylinus project focuses on the adaptation of material production by bacteria to a fabrication process (biofabrication). This fabrication method combines digital tools and technologies with material production by a living biological system. The long-term objective is to use cellulose-producing bacteria to develop an additive manufacturing technique for architecture and product design. Both projects suggest methods to utilize biological systems for innovative design and fabrication methods.
by Katia Zolotovsky.
S.M.

Tissue regeneration using in-vitro scaffold becomes a vital mean to mimic the in-vivo counterpart due to the insufficiency of animal models to predict the applicability of drug and other physiological behavior. Three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing is an emerging technology to reproduce living tissue through controlled allocation of biomaterial and cell. Due to its bio-compatibility, natural hydrogels are commonly considered as the scaffold material in bio-printing process. However, repeatable scaffold structure with good printability and shape fidelity is a challenge with hydrogel material due to weak bonding in polymer chain. Additionally, there are intrinsic limitations for bio-printing of hydrogels due to limited cell proliferation and colonization while cells are immobilized within hydrogels and don’t spread, stretch and migrate to generate new tissue. The goal of this research is to develop a bio-ink suitable for extrusion-based bio-printing process to construct 3D scaffold. In this research, a novel hybrid hydrogel, is designed and systematic quantitative characterization are conducted to validate its printability, shape fidelity and cell viability. The outcomes are measured and quantified which demonstrate the favorable printability and shape fidelity of our proposed material. The research focuses on factors associated with pre-printing, printing and post-printing behavior of bio-ink and their biology. With the proposed hybrid hydrogel, 2 cm tall acellular 3D scaffold is fabricated with proper shape fidelity. Cell viability of the proposed material are tested with multiple cell lines i.e. BxPC3, prostate stem cancer cell, HEK 293, and Porc1 cell and about 90% viability after 15-day incubation have been achieved. The designed hybrid hydrogel demonstrate excellent behavior as bio-ink for bio-printing process which can reproduce scaffold with proper printability, shape fidelity and higher cell survivability. Additionally, the outlined characterization techniques proposed here open-up a novel avenue for quantifiable bio-ink assessment framework in lieu of their qualitative evaluation.

Cytochrome P450 BioI is isolated from the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis. It is located in an operon that encodes genes involved in the synthesis of the vitamin biotin. From knock-out studies it was concluded that BioI catalyses an early step in the biosynthetic pathway, forming a precursor to the isolatable intermediate pimelic acid. This thesis covers the characterisation of this P450 and its various endogenous redox partners. The data presented here reports upon the bio-physical properties of the P450 including information on the redox potentials, how its environment affects its properties and the factors that govern substrate binding. To produce a catalytically active BioI redox system, two flavodoxins were cloned from B. subtilis and their over-expression and preparation is described. These flavodoxins have been characterised according to their redox and structural properties. The ability of the two flavodoxins to reconstitute the oxidase activity of BioI was examined by kinetic and spectroscopic techniques culminating in the analysis of the monooxygenation of various fatty acids. To complete the redox chain two NADPH-oxidoreductase candidates and a di-flavin reductase from B. subtilis were assessed and their ability to complement the P450 BioI-flavodoxin system examined.

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações
Este projecto visa a produção de um aparelho portátil para monitorização/análise da actividade cardíaca. Recebendo como entrada o sinal cardíaco (ECG - electrocardiograma), o dispositivo detecta a característica do sinal e, com base nessa característica, averigua se ocorreu alguma anomalia, produzindo um sinal de alarme se tal acontecer. O aparelho em causa tem que ser acessível, ter um baixo consumo energético, e a detecção de anomalias tem de ser efectuada em tempo real. Para que esta ultima condição se verificasse, o software implementado requer o mínimo de computação possível, de forma a efectuar todas as operações de detecção e análise num prazo limite de tempo, mantendo-se um detector fiável. O detector foi optimizado para uma frequência de entrada de 200Hz, e implementado em computador pessoal e num DSP (Digital Signal Processor – processador de sinal digital) desenvolvido pela Microchip. Ambas as implementações foram testadas recorrendo a sinais cardíacos fornecidos pela MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. Os testes desenvolvidos têm o propósito de testar a “qualidade” do detector e possíveis limitações do microprocessador usado, particularmente, no que diz respeito à capacidade de executar a detecção de anomalias cardíacas em tempo real. ABSTRACT: This project intends to produce a portable device for monitoring/analysis of cardiac activity. Receiving the cardiac signal (ECG – electrocardiogram) as input, the device detects the signal’s characteristics and, based upon those characteristics, checks whether some anomaly has occurred, producing an alarm signal in such case. The aforementioned device has to be affordable, low-power consumption, and the detection of anomalies has to be done in real-time. For this last condition to be verified, the implemented software requires as little computation as possible, so as to carry out all of the detection and analysis operations in a specified amount of time, while maintaining the characteristics of a reliable detector. The detector has been optimized for an input sampling frequency of 200Hz, and it has been implemented in a personal computer and in a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), developed by Microchip. Both implementations have been tested resorting to cardiac signals supplied by the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The tests that have been developed are designed to verify the quality of the detector, as well as possible limitations of the microprocessor used, particularly, when it comes to the ability to carry out the detection of cardiac anomalies in real-time.

A series of core and core-shell nanoparticles with superparamagnetic properties were synthesised and surface functionalised using three different amino-silanes by a chemical conjugation method. The functionalised nanoparticles were characterised and further modified by chemical conjugation with two different classes of bio-molecules; (i) enzymes and (ii) single stranded DNA primers. The resultant nanoparticles (nano-bio conjugates) were used for applications in (i) enzyme catalysis and (ii) bio-separation / bio-sensing. Magnetite and amorphous silica-coated core-shell nanoparticles were synthesised on both small (5 g) and large (20 g) scales and were characterised using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Silica-coated core-shell nanoparticles were functionalised by silanisation with three different aminosilanes [3-aminopropyl tri-ethoxysilane (APTS), 3-aminopropyl di-ethoxymethylsilane (APDS) and 3-aminopropyl mono-ethoxydimethylsilane (APMS)] and two different methods: water (classical method) or a Tri-phasic Reverse Emulsion (TPRE) using toluene and a surfactant (Triton X-100). It was observed that the materials prepared using the TPRE method produced higher surface amine density values on average. The first application involved bio-catalysis where lipases [Pseudomonas Fluorescens lipase (PFL) and Candida Rugosa lipase (CRL)] were chemically conjugated (covalently linked) via glutaraldehyde-modification onto the amino-functionalised nanoparticles for applications such as: (i) hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl palmitate to produce palmitic acid and p-nitrophenol (model reaction), (ii) transesterification of ethyl butyrate with n-butanol to produce butyl butyrate and (iii) partial and selective hydrolysis of cis-3,5-diacetoxy-1-cyclopentene to produce pharmaceutically important and expensive chiral intermediate molecules. Various reaction parameters such as (a) water concentration in a bi-phasic solvent mixture and (b) temperature were investigated to determine the optimum conditions. All reactions were carried out using free lipases and the physically adsorbed lipases in order to compare the performance with chemically conjugated nano-biomaterials. It was observed from the bio-catalytic reaction (i) that the conversion values given by lipase-immobilised materials were comparable to those given by free lipases with the added advantage of being re-usable for further catalytic cycles. PFL-immobilised nanoparticles were shown to be more effective catalysts than CRL-immobilised materials. In the bio- catalytic reaction (ii), Lipase-immobilised materials were shown to exhibit reasonable conversion values (maximum 53%) along with easy separability by one-step magnetic separation from the reaction mixture and re-usability. Finally, in the bio-catalytic reaction (iii), lipase-immobilised materials were shown to give lower total conversion values compared to free enzymes, but a higher proportion of desired products [(1S,4R)-cis-4-acetoxy-2-cyclopenten-1-ol and (1R,4S)-cis-4-acetoxy-2-cyclopenten-1-ol]. PFL (both free and immobilised) materials were shown to give higher conversion and enantioselectivity towards the desired (1S,4R)-enantiomer (93-100% ee) than CRL materials (30-40% ee). The second application involved bio-separation and bio-sensing where 5ʹ-NH2-modified oligonucleotide sequences specific to either Listeria Monocytogenes (LM) or Escherichia Coli (EC) were immobilised onto the surface of glutaraldehyde modified nanoparticles to assess the specific capture and enhance the sensitivity of detection of pathogenic bacterial DNAs from food samples. Firstly, the oligonucleotide-grafted nanoparticles were used in a hybrid capture assay (model assay) at UCLan using specific single stranded DNA primers of our interest followed by the application in real food samples at Q-Bioanalytic GmbH, Germany. Capture of the complementary sequences was reasonably high (48-70% for LM-specific materials and 48-55% for EC-specific materials) when calculated as a molar ratio of conjugated oligonucleotides to complementary oligonucleotides captured. Specific capture was determined to be 33-52% for LM-specific oligonucleotide-grafted nano-materials and 59-60% for EC-specific oligonucleotide-grafted nano-materials. Dehybridisation of captured sequences was shown to be efficient for all oligonucleotide-grafted materials (72-97% for LM-specific materials and 86-87% for EC-specific materials), indicating that the materials were ready for real applications using food matrices at Q-Bioanalytic GmbH, Germany. Nucleic acid DNA was extracted from a real food sample inoculated with either LM or EC and the extracted DNA was used for specific capture using the oligonucleotide-grafted materials tested at UCLan. Dehybridised oligonucleotides were amplified and analysed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The results showed that using a one-step hybrid capture assay, LM-specific oligonucleotide-grafted materials were successful at detecting LM from an undiluted solution of LM only and from a 1:1 mixture of LM and EC. Using a two-step assay where the forward and reverse oligonucleotide-grafted materials were applied for capture separately, only EC-specific materials were successful for the detection of EC from an undiluted solution, and also from a 1:1 mixture of LM and EC.

La conciencia ambiental y ecológica se ha instalado gradualmente en nuestra sociedad, y es por esto que cada día es mas común ver a la gente utilizando bolsas reutilizables, practicar el reciclaje en las casas, evitar duchas largas y optar por medios de transporte limpios como la bicicleta. No hay organismo que exija cumplir estas conductas, pero la conciencia de los chilenos se encauza en aportar con el medio ambiente, y esto tiene cada vez mas adeptos. Las constantes discusiones sobre la generación y uso de energía se apoderan del discurso publico, y es que nadie queda ajeno a tener una opinión sobre el desarrollo de nuestro país y las consecuencias futuras de las acciones del presente. El ejemplo mas emblemático y reciente es la aprobación de Hidroaysén, que ha logrado convocar de modo transversal a todos los sectores sociales y políticos en una discusión generalizada sobre el desarrollo sustentable y la política energética de nuestro país. Sin embargo, a falta de propuestas especificas que expresen una política concreta de desarrollo energético sustentable, cabe la interrogante sobre qué destino tienen aquellos estudios realizados por alumnos de diversos campos de estudio cada año y que demuestran la efectiva viabilidad de la utilización de energías no contaminantes. Las tecnologías existen, pero al parecer falta la disposición para ponerlas en marcha. Por esto, la presenta investigación pretende dar una mirada multidisciplinaria a la problemática energética de nuestro país, enfocándose en el desarrollo de nuevas alternativas energéticas como son las Energías Renovables No Convencionales ERNC, de modo que la arquitectura se transforme en la disciplina materializadora y planeadora de una nueva posibilidad de producción de energía. También se pretende evaluar la efectiva viabilidad del proyecto, abarcando un estudio financiero que permita dar una mirada objetiva a las posibilidades de realización del proyecto.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Interiores e Reabilitação do Edificado apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
Durante décadas, o Regionalismo Crítico mostrou aos arquitetos que a mediação entre a cultura universal e a cultura local pode ser o sucessor para a sociedade globalizada. No entanto, algo permanece em falta, a ligação com a pessoa ao local. Não tanto no sentido histórico, mas mais no sentido biológico. A natureza levou aproximadamente 3,8 bilhões de anos para descobrir, o que funciona e o que é apropriado para a sua sobrevivência, mas nós, como seres humanos, que valorizamos a nossa inteligência e tecnologia superiores, parecemos desconsiderar o poder de síntese da Mãe Natureza. A estratégia por detrás deste projeto é sobre a criação de um agregado urbano dentro de um dos climas mais inóspitos da Terra, o Sahara. Assim, como a natureza consegue prosperar em territórios de onde nenhuma vida parece emergir, o homem também consegue. Ao reinventar a habitação no deserto, inspirada pelos seus antigos antecessores e pela natureza, sociedades sustentáveis podem erguer-se e adaptar-se às circunstâncias em constante mudança. Um grupo de variantes e tipologias de casas maghrebinas são, por sua vez, criadas para responder a estes desafios, eventualmente tomando foco numa casa em particular para revelar as suas dinâmicas internas. A desertificação provou ser uma das forças mais letais que ameaçam ecossistemas estáveis devido a alterações climáticas, mas o desenvolvimento destas sociedades do deserto pode promover uma iniciativa de geo-engenharia para reverter este efeito e combater as alterações climáticas e ao mesmo tempo promovendo a cooperação entre comunidades interconectadas de diferentes reinos bioclimáticos.
ABSTRACT: For decades, Critical Regionalism has shown architects that mediation between universal culture and local culture can be the successor to a globalized society. However, something remains a miss, the connection to one’s location. Not so much in the historical sense, but more in the biological sense. Nature has taken approximately 3.8 billion years to figure out, what works and what is appropriate for its survival, yet we as humans, who value our superior intelligence and technology, seem to disregard Mother Nature’s power of synthesis. The strategy behind this project is about creating an urban aggregate within one of the harshest climates on earth, the Sahara. Thus proving that as nature can thrive in territories from where no life seems to emerge, so can man. By reinventing the desert dwelling, inspired by its ancient predecessors and nature, sustainable societies can rise and adapt to the ever-changing circumstances. A group of modular maghrebis home variants and typologies are, therefore created to respond to these chalenges, eventually taking focus on a specific dwelling to reveal its interior dynamics. Desertification has proven to be one of the deadliest forces threatening stable ecosystems due to climate change yet the development of these desert societies can promote a geoengineering initiative to reverse this effect as well as fight climate change entirely while promoting cooperation in interconnected communities from different bioclimatic realms.
N/A

In my theoretical graduate work called AUTO-BIO-GRAF I sketch some impulses from which later becomes the autobiographical publication and I describe in which appearences we can see the autobiographical components in a movie.

Dans un pancreas bio-artificiel, une membrane a permeabilite selective permet sans immunosuppression la greffe de tissu insulinosecreteur qui peut assurer ses fonctions tout en etant protege du rejet. Nous avons successivement demontre avec notre technique de macroencapsulation en fibres creuses: 1. La possibilite de normalisation metabolique au long cours dans un modele de xenogreffe d'insulinome humain chez le rat diabetique streptozotocine. 2. La prevention des complications microangiopathiques. 3. La possibilite d'encapsulation de nombreux tissus endocrines. 4. L'efficacite du modele chez la souris nod diabetique auto-immune. 5. La faisabilite chez le porc diabetique. 6. Des experiences preliminaires ont pu etre realisees chez l'homme. De nombreuses ameliorations sont encore necessaires notamment au niveau de la biocompatibilite de la membrane pour que le pancreas bio-artificiel soit un traitement du diabete insulinodependant humain

This thesis reports the properties of bio-oil-based fuel mixtures. For bioslurry fuels, the interaction between biochar and bio-oil results in changes in fuel properties and the redistribution of inorganic species. For glycerol/methanol/bio-oil (GMB) fuel blends, the solubility and fuel properties are improved upon methanol addition but other impurities in crude glycerol worsen the solubility with limited impact on properties. It is also possible to integrate the GMB blends production into the biodiesel production process.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:18:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laura Fernanda Cimino.pdf: 1155152 bytes, checksum: e0109748c8084954890af5eacfaab56d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-11
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
One of the recurring themes in the reported studies comunicative has been the possibility of proposing another way of dealing with communication that is able to understand the recent changes in the culture caused by the new instrumental technologies of social virtual. This study therefore is to investigate how to structure those bonds mediated by the spread of the virtualization of everyday experience and that currently result from communication media bios (conceptual metaphor used by Muniz Sodré to designate new forms of life and socialization driven by the current stage of cognitive capitalism). In other words, this research seeks to analyze and interpret the ontological character of interactive links which are reflected in real time and space self-referential and, therefore, will give the specific internal communicative action. Hence, our hypothesis is that the communication capacity of a medium is directly related to how the operating systems (codes) are organized into the various complex communicative (language). In this sense, self-referentiality of digital media for interfering in the production and distribution of informative content, while it changes the meaning of communicative procedures by means of another diagram of communicating that occurs in a continuous way and evolutionary designing a mapping between culture and ecological environment. This fact has led us to other parameters epistemological who see the bios of the media, despite its vagueness and weaknesses as an object of study, as a new, potentially capable of promoting an ecological science of communication nowadays
Uma das temáticas recorrentes nos estudos comunicativos tem sido o da possibilidade de proposição de um outro modo de tratar a comunicação que dê conta de compreender as recentes mudanças no ambiente da cultura provocadas pelo novo instrumental social das tecnologias do virtual. O objetivo desta pesquisa, portanto, é o de investigar como se estruturam àqueles vínculos mediatizados pela crescente expansão da virtualização da experiência cotidiana e que, contemporaneamente, decorrem da comunicação bios midiática (metáfora conceitual empregada por Muniz Sodré para designar novas formas de vida e socialização impulsionadas pela atual fase do capitalismo cognitivo). Em outros termos, esta pesquisa procura analisar e interpretar o caráter ontológico dos vínculos interativos que se manifestam através do tempo real e do espaço auto-referente e que, consequentemente, vão conferir especificidade à ação comunicativa. Nesse sentido, nossa hipótese é a de que a capacidade de comunicação de um meio está diretamente relacionada ao modo como os sistemas operativos (códigos) são organizados dentro dos diferentes complexos comunicativos (linguagens). Neste sentido, a auto-referencialidade do meio digital deve interferir na produção e na distribuição dos conteúdos informativos, ao mesmo tempo em que, altera o significado dos procedimentos comunicativos por meio de um outro diagrama do comunicar que ocorre de maneira processual e evolutiva, desenhando uma cartografia ecológica entre cultura e meio. Tal fato coloca-nos diante de outros parâmetros epistemológicos que vêem o bios midiático, apesar de sua indeterminação e fragilidades enquanto objeto de estudo, como um novo meio, potencialmente, capaz de promover uma ciência ecológica da comunicação na contemporaneidade

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Davis, 2005.
Degree granted in Chemistry. Dissertation completed in 2004; degree granted in 2005. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses).

La modification thermo-chimique est un procédé qui consiste à modifier la matière à cœur, avec pour objectif d’améliorer les propriétés du bois, en particulier la résistance fongique. Pour ce faire, conférer au bois un équilibre hygroscopique inférieur à la limite basse de développement des champignons est une approche qui permet en sus de limiter les variations dimensionnelles dues à l’humidité de l’air. Limiter les variations dimensionnelles augmente logiquement la durabilité des assemblages et des revêtements de surface, ce qui améliore encore les performances du matériau. Les constituants du bois possèdent des groupements hydroxyles qui rendent le matériau hydrophile. Les modifications thermochimiques envisagées dans ces travaux de recherche consistent principalement à limiter l’accès à ces groupements et/ou à réduire leur nombre, par imprégnation de monomères/oligomères bio-sourcés (oligomères d’acide lactique (OLA) ou de poly(butylène succinate) (OBS)) suivie de leur polymérisation in situ par traitement thermique. Le comportement hygroscopique du matériau, la persistance des oligomères dans le bois et la résistance biologique du bois traité sont les critères de sélection des traitements. Les traitements retenus conduisent à des matériaux ayant une meilleure stabilité dimensionnelle et une meilleure résistance biologique. Les potentielles applications de ces matériaux ont été évaluées après caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques, de l’adhésion des revêtements de surface et de la capacité de collage du bois traité
Wood thermo-chemical modification process consists of permanent enhancement of wood properties in the core of the material. By decreasing wood equilibrium moisture content below the limit of fungi development, one could in addition reduce the dimensional variations due to humidity. A better dimensional stability of wood would be beneficial to durability of assemblies and surface coatings, further improving the performance of the material. Hydroxyl groups from wood polymers are responsible for the material hydrophilicity. The thermochemical modifications considered in this work mainly consist in limiting the access to these groups and / or reducing their number, by impregnation of bio-based monomers / oligomers (oligomers of lactic acid (OLA) or oligomers of butylene succinate (OBS)) followed by their in situ polymerisation by heat treatment. The hygroscopic behaviour of the material, the persistence of oligomers in the wood and the biological resistance of the treated wood are the criteria for the selection of treatments. The selected treatments lead to materials with enhanced dimensional stability and biological resistance. The potential applications of these materials have been evaluated after characterisation of mechanical properties, adhesion of the surface coatings and bonding capacity of the treated wood

Kravets, Vira V. (Ph.D., Physics) Optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures for bio-imaging and bio-sensing applications Dissertation directed by Associate Professor Anatoliy Pinchuk. ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the physics of free electron excitations in gold nanoparticle chains, silver nanoparticle colloids, and thin gold films. Electron excitations in nanostructures (surface plasmons, SP) are responsible for unique optical properties, which are applied in bio-sensing and bio-imaging applications. For gold nanoparticle chains, the effect of SP on resonance light absorption was studied experimentally and theoretically. Mainly, how the spectral position of the absorption peak depends on inter-particle distances. This dependence is used in ?molecular rulers?, providing spatial resolution below the Rayleigh limit. The underlying theory is based on particle interaction via scattered dipole fields. Often in literature only the near-field component of the scattered field is considered. Here, I show that middle and far fields should not be neglected for calculation of extinction by particle chains. In silver nanoparticles, SP excitations produce two independent effects: (a) the intrinsic fluorescence of the particles, and (b) the enhancement of a molecule?s fluorescence by a particle?s surface. The mechanism of (a) is deduced by studying how fluorescence depends on particle size. For (b), I show that fluorescence of a dye molecule on the surface of a nanoparticle is enhanced, when compared to that of the free-standing dye. I demonstrate that the dye?s fluorescent quantum yield is dependent on the particle?s size, making labeled silver nanoparticles attractive candidates as bio-imaging agents. Labeled nanoparticles are applied to cell imaging, and their bio-compatibility with two cell lines is evaluated here. Finally, in gold films under attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) conditions, the SP create a propagating wave (SP-polariton, SPP) when coupled with the incident light. Because of the sensitivity of SPPs to the medium adjacent to the gold film surface, they are widely applied in bio-sensing applications. A toolbox for the description of sputter-deposited gold films is presented here: it employs three experimental techniques (ATR, transmittance and atomic force microscopy) in combination with the effective medium theory for double-layered film model. Our findings have allowed for the avoidance of superficial fitting parameters in our model.

El proyecto de un planteamiento real y de una problemática que por siglos a estado presente en el desarrollo de los pueblos hispanoamericanos. El gobierno y la administración pública en territorios con una fuerte carga étnica cultural propia de los pueblos originarios.

Protein-carbohydrate interactions mediate a diverse range of biological responses including pathogen-cell adhesion. In this age of decreased antibiotic discovery and increased antibiotic resistance, the study of protein-carbohydrate interactions is crucial to improve our understanding of pathogen-host interactions and surface bound carbohydrates, glycoarrays, offer a powerful tool towards furthering knowledge in this area. These concepts and current glycoarray methodologies are described in Chapter One. This thesis aims to develop glycan immobilisation techniques both directly and using polymeric tethers. Acrylate silane linkers are used to immobilise thiol-terminated monosaccharides by thiol-ene “click”, as described in Chapter Two. These immobilised glycans are then used to interrogate lectin-carbohydrate interactions. In Chapter Three the synthesis of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate)s (pOEGMA)s and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)s (pNIPAM)s, by reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerisation is presented. The reduction of the terminal thiocarbonylthio group was explored for thiol-ene surface modifications and thiol-gold reactions. The resulting polymer coatings are characterised and a detailed Quartz Crystal Microbalance study compares their grafting. In Chapter Four, the concepts of glycan immobilisation and polymer grafting are combined and glycan-terminated polymers are synthesised, surface grafted and used to explore protein-carbohydrate interactions. The thesis concludes with the direct contact printing of high density arrays of glycosylated polymers, showing the potential of this technique as a screening tool to monitor these biologically relevant processes.