Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bioturbation

Academic literature on the topic 'Bioturbation'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 22 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Bioturbation"

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Grigusova, Paulina, Annegret Larsen, Roland Brandl, Camilo del Río, Nina Farwig, Diana Kraus, Leandro Paulino, Patricio Pliscoff, and Jörg Bendix. "Mammalian bioturbation amplifies rates of both hillslope sediment erosion and accumulation along the Chilean climate gradient." Biogeosciences 20, no. 15 (August 14, 2023): 3367–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3367-2023.

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Abstract. Animal burrowing activity affects soil texture, bulk density, soil water content, and redistribution of nutrients. All of these parameters in turn influence sediment redistribution, which shapes the earth's surface. Hence it is important to include bioturbation into hillslope sediment transport models. However, the inclusion of burrowing animals into hillslope-wide models has thus far been limited and has largely omitted vertebrate bioturbators, which can be major agents of bioturbation, especially in drier areas. Here, we included vertebrate bioturbator burrows into a semi-empirical Morgan–Morgan–Finney soil erosion model to allow a general approach to the assessment of the impacts of bioturbation on sediment redistribution within four sites along the Chilean climate gradient. For this, we predicted the distribution of burrows by applying machine learning techniques in combination with remotely sensed data in the hillslope catchment. Then, we adjusted the spatial model parameters at predicted burrow locations based on field and laboratory measurements. We validated the model using field sediment fences. We estimated the impact of bioturbator burrows on surface processes. Lastly, we analyzed how the impact of bioturbation on sediment redistribution depends on the burrow structure, climate, topography, and adjacent vegetation. Including bioturbation greatly increased model performance and demonstrates the overall importance of vertebrate bioturbators in enhancing both sediment erosion and accumulation along hillslopes, though this impact is clearly staggered according to climatic conditions. Burrowing vertebrates increased sediment accumulation by 137.8 % ± 16.4 % in the arid zone (3.53 kg ha−1 yr−1 vs. 48.79 kg ha−1 yr−1), sediment erosion by 6.5 % ± 0.7 % in the semi-arid zone (129.16 kg ha−1 yr−1 vs. 122.05 kg ha−1 yr−1), and sediment erosion by 15.6 % ± 0.3 % in the Mediterranean zone (4602.69 kg ha−1 yr−1 vs. 3980.96 kg ha−1 yr−1). Bioturbating animals seem to play only a negligible role in the humid zone. Within all climate zones, bioturbation did not uniformly increase erosion or accumulation within the whole hillslope catchment. This depended on adjusting environmental parameters. Bioturbation increased erosion with increasing slope, sink connectivity, and topography ruggedness and decreasing vegetation cover and soil wetness. Bioturbation increased sediment accumulation with increasing surface roughness, soil wetness, and vegetation cover.
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Kraus, Diana, Roland Brandl, Sebastian Achilles, Jörg Bendix, Paulina Grigusova, Annegret Larsen, Patricio Pliscoff, Kirstin Übernickel, and Nina Farwig. "Vegetation and vertebrate abundance as drivers of bioturbation patterns along a climate gradient." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): e0264408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264408.

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Bioturbators shape their environment with considerable consequences for ecosystem processes. However, both the composition and the impact of bioturbator communities may change along climatic gradients. For burrowing animals, their abundance and composition depend on climatic and other abiotic components, with ants and mammals dominating in arid and semiarid areas, and earthworms in humid areas. Moreover, the activity of burrowing animals is often positively associated with vegetation cover (biotic component). These observations highlight the need to understand the relative contributions of abiotic and biotic components in bioturbation in order to predict soil-shaping processes along broad climatic gradients. In this study, we estimated the activity of animal bioturbation by counting the density of holes and the quantity of bioturbation based on the volume of soil excavated by bioturbators along a gradient ranging from arid to humid in Chile. We distinguished between invertebrates and vertebrates. Overall, hole density (no/ 100 m2) decreased from arid (raw mean and standard deviation for invertebrates: 14 ± 7.8, vertebrates: 2.8 ± 2.9) to humid (invertebrates: 2.8 ± 3.1, vertebrates: 2.2 ± 2.1) environments. However, excavated soil volume did not follow the same clear geographic trend and was 300-fold larger for vertebrates than for invertebrates. The relationship between bioturbating invertebrates and vegetation cover was consistently negative whereas for vertebrates both, positive and negative relationships were determined along the gradient. Our study demonstrates complex relationships between climate, vegetation and the contribution of bioturbating invertebrates and vertebrates, which will be reflected in their impact on ecosystem functions.
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LAING, BRITTANY A., LUIS A. BUATOIS, M. GABRIELA MÁNGANO, NICHOLAS J. MINTER, LUKE C. STROTZ, GUY M. NARBONNE, and GLENN A. BROCK. "BIOTURBATORS AS ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS: ASSESSING CURRENT MODELS." PALAIOS 37, no. 12 (December 29, 2022): 718–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2022.012.

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ABSTRACT Bioturbating organisms can dramatically alter the physical, chemical, and hydrological properties of the sediment and promote or hinder microbial growth. They are a classic example of “ecosystem engineers” as they alter the availability of resources to other species. Multiple evolutionary hypotheses evoke bioturbation as a possible driver for historical ecological change. To test these hypotheses, researchers need reliable and reproducible methods for estimating the impact of bioturbation in ancient environments. Early efforts to record and compare this impact through geologic time focused on the degree of bioturbation (e.g., bioturbation indices), the depth of bioturbation (e.g., bioturbation depth), or the structure of the infaunal community (e.g., tiering, ecospace utilization). Models which combine several parameters (e.g., functional groups, tier, motility, sediment interaction style) have been proposed and applied across the geological timescale in recent years. Here, we review all models that characterize the impact of bioturbators on the sedimentary environment (i.e., ‘ecosystem engineering'), in both modern and fossil sediments, and propose several questions. What are the assumptions of each approach? Are the current models appropriate for the metrics they wish to measure? Are they robust and reproducible? Our review highlights the nature of the sedimentary environment as an important parameter when characterizing ecosystem engineering intensity and outlines considerations for a best-practice model to measure the impact of bioturbation in geological datasets.
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Katrak, Gitanjali, and Fiona L. Bird. "Comparative effects of the large bioturbators, Trypaea australiensis and Heloecius cordiformis, on intertidal sediments of Western Port, Victoria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 6 (2003): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03015.

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The effect of bioturbation by the ghost shrimp Trypaea australiensis and semaphore crab Heloecious cordiformis was compared in sediment-filled tanks in the laboratory. Effect of bioturbator density was also investigated with high- and low-density treatments. It was hypothesised that the two species would influence the sediment profile in different ways owing to their contrasting burrowing and feeding habits. Both species increased porosity of surface sediments relative to control tanks. Crab activity did not alter redox potential, but low densities of shrimp created more oxidising conditions and high densities of shrimp created more reducing conditions than controls. Burial of tracer particles by crabs was restricted to the top 5 cm, whereas shrimp mixed particles to depths of 25 cm. Bioturbator density had little effect on the extent of particle mixing. The presence of both shrimp and crabs increased benthic microalgae in the sediments relative to the controls. Again, crabs had the greatest effect at the sediment surface, whereas shrimp also enhanced concentrations at 25 cm depth. High densities of shrimp had the greatest effect. Overall, shrimp bioturbation influenced deeper sediments than crab bioturbation, but there was no clear density-dependent effect.
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Biles, C. L., D. M. Paterson, R. B. Ford, M. Solan, and D. G. Raffaelli. "Bioturbation, ecosystem functioning and community structure." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 6 (December 31, 2002): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-999-2002.

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Abstract. The effect of community structure on the functioning of the ecosystem is an important issue in ecology due to continuing global species loss. The influence of infaunal community structure on the functioning of marine systems is proposed here to act primarily through bioturbation of the sediment. Nutrient concentration in the water column, generated by release from the sediment, was used as a measure of ecosystem functioning. In situ and laboratory experiments showed a significant difference in nutrient concentrations with different species treatments. Bioturbation profiles showing the incorporation of tracer particles also differed between communities with different dominant species. The behavioural differences between infaunal species, generating different modes and rates of bioturbation, are therefore proposed to influence nutrient release. The presence and quantity of bioturbating infauna also influenced the amount of sediment suspended in the water column. The increase in surface area available for microbial activity may generate an increase in nutrient cycling. Abiotic influences on sediment structure, such as flow, may have a similar effect on nutrient concentration. Annular flumes used in both laboratory and in situ experiments to generate flow conditions produced a significant increase in ammonia (NH4-N) production in macrofaunal treatments. Flow may influence the behaviour of macrofaunal species, causing changes in NH4-N production through modifying bioturbation of the sediment. Keywords: bioturbation, community structure, ccosystem functioning, estuaries, flow, infauna
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Farrell, Eilish M., Andreas Neumann, Jan Beermann, and Alexa Wrede. "Raised water temperature enhances benthopelagic links via intensified bioturbation and benthos-mediated nutrient cycling." PeerJ 12 (February 28, 2024): e17047. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17047.

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Sediment reworking by benthic infauna, namely bioturbation, is of pivotal importance in expansive soft-sediment environments such as the Wadden Sea. Bioturbating fauna facilitate ecosystem functions such as bentho-pelagic coupling and sediment nutrient remineralization capacities. Yet, these benthic fauna are expected to be profoundly affected by current observed rising sea temperatures. In order to predict future changes in ecosystem functioning in soft-sediment environments like the Wadden Sea, knowledge on the underlying processes such as sediment reworking, is crucial. Here, we tested how temperature affects bioturbation and its associated ecosystem processes, such as benthic nutrient fluxes and sediment oxygen consumption, using luminophore tracers and sediment incubation cores. We used a controlled mesocosm experiment set-up with key Wadden Sea benthos species: the burrowing polychaetes Arenicola marina and Hediste diversicolor, the bivalve Cerastoderma edule, and the tube-building polychaete Lanice conchilega. The highest bioturbation rates were observed from A. marina, reaching up to 375 cm2yr−1; followed by H. diversicolor, with 124 cm2yr−1 being the peak bioturbation rate for the ragworm. Additionally, the sediment reworking activity of A. marina facilitated nearly double the amount of silicate efflux compared to any other species. Arenicola marina and H. diversicolor accordingly facilitated stronger nutrient effluxes under a warmer temperature than L. conchilega and C. edule. The oxygen uptake of A. marina and H. diversicolor within the sediment incubation cores was correspondingly enhanced with a higher temperature. Thus, increases in sea temperatures may initially be beneficial to ecosystem functioning in the Wadden Sea as faunal bioturbation is definitely expedited, leading to a tighter coupling between the sediment and overlying water column. The enhanced bioturbation activity, oxygen consumption, and facilitated nutrient effluxes from these invertebrates themselves, will aid in the ongoing high levels of primary productivity and organic matter production.
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van de Velde, Sebastiaan J., Rebecca K. James, Ine Callebaut, Silvia Hidalgo-Martinez, and Filip J. R. Meysman. "Bioturbation has a limited effect on phosphorus burial in salt marsh sediments." Biogeosciences 18, no. 4 (February 25, 2021): 1451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1451-2021.

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Abstract. It has been hypothesized that the evolution of animals during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition stimulated the burial of phosphorus in marine sediments. This assumption is centrally based on data compilations from marine sediments deposited under oxic and anoxic bottom waters. Since anoxia excludes the presence of infauna and sediment reworking, the observed differences in P burial are assumed to be driven by the presence of bioturbators. This reasoning however ignores the potentially confounding impact of bottom-water oxygenation on phosphorus burial. Here, our goal is to test the idea that bioturbation increases the burial of organic and inorganic phosphorus (Porg and Pinorg, respectively) while accounting for bottom-water oxygenation. We present solid-phase phosphorus speciation data from salt marsh ponds with and without bioturbation (Blakeney salt marsh, Norfolk, UK). In both cases, the pond sediments are exposed to oxygenated bottom waters, and so the only difference is the presence or absence of bioturbating macrofauna. Our data reveal that the rate of Porg and Pinorg burial are indistinguishable between bioturbated and non-bioturbated sediments. A large terrestrial fraction of organic matter and higher sedimentation velocity than generally found in marine sediments (0.3 ± 0.1 cm yr−1) may partially impact these results. However, the absence of a clear effect of bioturbation on total P burial puts into question the presumed importance of bioturbation for phosphorus burial.
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Ganglo, Caroline, Alessandro Manfrin, Clara Mendoza-Lera, and Andreas Lorke. "Effects of chironomid larvae density and mosquito biocide on methane and carbon dioxide dynamics in freshwater sediments." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 24, 2024): e0301913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301913.

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Small lentic water bodies are important emitters of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), but the processes regulating their dynamics and susceptibility to human-induced stressors are not fully understood. Bioturbation by chironomid larvae has been proposed as a potentially important factor controlling the dynamics of both gases in aquatic sediments. Chironomid abundance can be affected by the application of biocides for mosquito control, such as Bti (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis). Previous research has attributed increases in CH4 and CO2 emissions after Bti application to reduced bioturbation by chironomids. In this study, we separately tested the effect of chironomid bioturbation and Bti addition on CH4 production and emission from natural sediments. In a set of 15 microcosms, we compared CH4 and CO2 emission and production rates with high and low densities of chironomid larvae at the bioturbating stage, and standard and five times (5x) standard Bti dose, with control sediments that contained neither chironomid larvae nor Bti. Regardless of larvae density, chironomid larvae did not affect CH4 nor CO2 emission and production of the sediment, although both rates were more variable in the treatments with organisms. 5xBti dosage, however, led to a more than three-fold increase in CH4 and CO2 production rates, likely stimulated by bioavailable dissolved carbon in the Bti excipient and priming effects. Our results suggest weak effects of bioturbating chironomid larvae on the CH4 and CO2 dynamics in aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, our results point out towards potential functional implications of Bti for carbon cycling beyond those mediated by changes in the macroinvertebrate community.
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Selosse, Marc-André. "La bioturbation." Le Journal de botanique 87, no. 1 (2019): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/jobot.2019.1918.

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Wood, H. L., S. Widdicombe, and J. I. Spicer. "The influence of hypercapnia and macrofauna on sediment nutrient flux – will ocean acidification affect nutrient exchange?" Biogeosciences Discussions 6, no. 1 (February 25, 2009): 2387–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-2387-2009.

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Abstract. Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide and the concomitant increased uptake of this by the oceans is resulting in hypercapnia-related reduction of ocean pH. Research focussed on the direct effects of these physicochemical changes on marine invertebrates has begun to improve our understanding of impacts at the level of individual physiologies. However, CO2-related impairment of organisms' contribution to ecological or ecosystem processes has barely been addressed. The burrowing ophiuroid Amphiura filiformis, which has a physiology that makes it susceptible to reduced pH, plays a key role in sediment nutrient cycling by mixing and irrigating the sediment, a process known as bioturbation. Here we investigate the role of A. filiformis in modifying nutrient flux rates across the sediment-water boundary and the impact of CO2-related acidification on this process. A 40 day exposure study was conducted under predicted pH scenarios from the years 2100 (pH 7.7) and 2300 (pH 7.3), plus an additional treatment of pH 6.8. This study demonstrated strong relationships between A. filiformis density and cycling of some nutrients; A. filiformis activity increases the sediment uptake of phosphate and the release of nitrite and nitrate. No relationship between A. filiformis density and the flux of ammonium or silicate were observed. Results also indicated that, within the timescale of this experiment, effects at the individual bioturbator level appear not to translate into reduced ecosystem influence. Rather the effect of hypercapnia and lowered pH on bacteria and microphytobenthos may have been of greater significance in understanding the changes to nutrient fluxes seen here. However, long term survival of key bioturbating species is far from assured and changes in both bioturbation and microbial processes could alter key biogeochemical processes in future, more acidic oceans.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bioturbation"

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Muon, Ratha. "Termite bioturbation in Cambodia - From characterization to application." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS383.pdf.

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La biodiversité des sols joue un rôle clé dans la régulation des fonctions écologiques clés du sol et dans la fourniture de biens et services écosystémiques essentiels aux sociétés humaines. Parmi les organismes du sol, les termites jouent un rôle de premier plan dans les sols tropicaux, en tant qu'éléments des réseaux trophiques et en tant qu'ingénieur de l'écosystème avec des effets sur la dynamique des sols et la biodiversité à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles. Bien que les termitières caractérisent les paysages des rizières dans le bassin inférieur du Mékong, leur abondance, leurs propriétés et leurs utilisations par les agriculteurs restent inconnues. L'objectif de cette étude était donc d'analyser les interactions entre les termitières et les agriculteurs dans les zones cultivées de cette région. À cette fin, nous avons évalué l'abondance et les propriétés de deux types de termitières (les monticules ou "buttes termitiques" et les "nids") dans les rizières du bassin versant de Chrey Bak au Cambodge. Nous avons montré que la densité des buttes termitiques atteint ~ 2 termitières ha-1, et que ces constructions sont susceptibles de trouver leur origine dans l'activité de construction de Macrotermes gilvus. Nous avons mis en évidence que les buttes et les nids peuvent être considérés comme des points chauds (ou ‘hotspots’) de fertilité dans les paysages avec des teneurs plus élevées en carbone et en nutriments, et des propriétés physiques du sol améliorées (teneur en argile plus élevée, capacité de rétention d'eau et conductivité hydraulique saturée...). Enfin, à partir d'entretiens réalisés dans 13 villages, nous avons montré que les termitières fournissent un grand nombre de services aux populations locales, faisant partie des pratiques culturales et contribuant à la diversité alimentaire et à la santé (par exemple, l'utilisation du sol des buttes termitiques comme amendement, l'accès aux plantes médicinales, et une moindre utilisation d'engrais chimiques et de pesticides). En conclusion, cette recherche interdisciplinaire a mis en évidence l'urgence d'une meilleure compréhension des impacts environnementaux et sociaux de la biodiversité, et notamment de l'activité des termites, et des facteurs déterminants leur préservation par les agriculteurs
Soil biodiversity plays a key role in regulating key ecological functions and in providing essential ecosystem goods and services to human societies. Among soil organisms, termites play a prominent role in tropical soils, as elements of the food web and as ecosystem engineers with effects on soil dynamics and biodiversity at different spatial and temporal scales. Although termite mounds are conspicuous features of the landscapes in the lower Mekong basin, their abundance, properties and utilization by farmers remain unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the interactions between termite constructions and farmers in cultivated areas in this region. To this end, we assessed the abundance and properties of two termite constructions (lenticular mounds and mound nests) in paddy fields in Chrey Bak catchment in Cambodia. We showed that termite lenticular mound density reaches ~ 2 mounds ha-1, and that these constructions are likely to find their origin in the building activity of Macrotermes gilvus. We evidenced that termite lenticular mounds and nests can be seen as fertility and biogeochemical hotspots in the landscapes with higher carbon and nutrients contents, and improved soil physical properties (higher clay content, water holding capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity). Finally, using interviews realized in 13 villages, we showed that termite mounds provide a large number of services to local people, being part of the cultivation practices and contributing to food diversity and health (e.g., utilization of mound soil as amendment, access to medical plants, and lower use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides). To conclude, this interdisciplinary research evidenced the urgent need for a better understanding of the environmental and social impacts of biodiversity, and especially termite activity, and on the driving factors controlling their preservation by farmers
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Gerino, Magali. "Etude expérimentale de la bioturbation en milieux littoral et profond : quantification des structures de bioturbation et modélisation du remaniement biologique du sédiment." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22057.

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Les objectifs de cette etude ont ete de definir les potentialites de bioturbation par le macrobenthos, quantifier les structures de bioturbation, modeliser et estimer l'intensite du melange biologique du sediment sur les sites choisis et mettre en evidence l'incidence de ces phenomenes sur les flux a travers l'interface eau-sediment. Les recherches ont ete developpees en milieu littoral dans le golfe de fos et en milieu profond dans 3 canyons mediterraneens (toulon, grand-rhone, lacaze-duthiers) et en atlantique dans le canyon du cap ferret. D'une maniere generale, on constate une relation positive entre l'abondance du macrobenthos et la densite des structures, mais dans la couche superficielle du sediment, les structures sont rapidement detruites par le remaniement biologique. A l'aide des resultats d'experiences in vitro, les organismes d'une communaute benthique peuvent etre regroupes dans 3 categories en fonction de leur mode de bioturbation: les biodiffuseurs, les convoyeurs et les regenerateurs. Les modeles employes pour quantifier le remaniement sedimentaire contiennent un terme decrivant le melange biodiffusif et un autre pour le melange non-local a l'origine d'une transport vertical de matiere. Les experiences in situ basees sur l'introduction ponctuelle de traceurs; luminophores et/ou radionucleides, ont permis de quantifier le remaniement biologique qui est globalement 10 fois plus eleve en milieu littoral qu'en milieu profond. En milieu littoral, les flux de solutes sortant du sediment sont augmentes d'un facteur entre 1,5 et 2 par l'activite du macrobenthos. La bioturbation intervient au niveau du stockage, de la transformation et de l'exportation de la matiere sedimentaire. Elle augmente les possibilites d'echanges de materiel soluble et est a l'origine d'importants flux particulaires a travers l'interface eau-sediment
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Araújo, Júnior José Moacir de Carvalho. "Nitrous oxide emissions and metal biogeochemistry in coastal wetland soils in response to bioturbation by Ucides cordatus." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/21598.

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ARAUJO JUNIOR, José Moacir de Carvalho. Nitrous oxide emissions and metal biogeochemistry in coastal wetland soils in response to bioturbation by Ucides cordatus. 2016. 96 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016
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Coastal wetlands, among them the mangroves, are ecosystems with high biodiversity. In these environments, the crabs stand out both for its large number of species as by its economic and ecological importance, mainly due to the dens formation process (bioturbation. In this work, the effects of bioturbation by Ucides cordatus crabs from the Jaguaribe River mangrove (Ceará, Brazil) were analyzed under the concentrations of the different biogeochemical forms of the iron, zinc and manganese metals in the nearby soil and in the tissues of these animals, besides the variations in the (N2O) in areas with and without these crustaceans, comparing the values found between the rainy and dry periods. Soil samples were collected at low tide period in the demarcated two collection areas, one with and one without crabs. Measurements of bioecological parameters of crabs, soil physical and chemical parameters and concentrations of the metals associated with the different soil fractions (exchangeable, carbonate, ferridrite, lepidocrocite, goethite and pyrite) and Ucides cordatus crab Determination of the N2O flow. The results clearly showed a significantly greater variation of bioturbation activity in the dry period, with consequent increase in oxidation and acidification of the soil in the areas with crab. The more oxidized forms of the metals were predominantly larger in the area with crab burrows in relation to the control area, while those of pyrite were smaller. However, the emission of nitrous oxide fluxes was higher in the control area in both climatic periods, which indicates that the bioturbation activity of the crab promotes reduction of the emissions of this gas. The results allowed us to understand the role of bioturbation in GHG emissions and dynamics of biogeochemical processes in coastal wetlands soils, and identify possible seasonal variations in these values and the determination of GHG emissions and contamination of soil and crabs in these areas by trace metals, to improve environmental monitoring.
As zonas úmidas costeiras, dentre elas os manguezais, são ecossistemas com elevada biodiversidade. Nesses ambientes, os caranguejos destacam-se tanto por seu grande número de espécies quanto por sua importância econômica e ecológica e econômica, principalmente devido ao processo de formação de tocas (bioturbação). Neste trabalho foram analisados os efeitos da bioturbação realizada por caranguejos Ucides cordatus de manguezais do Rio Jaguaribe (Ceará, Brasil) sob as concentrações das diferentes formas biogeoquímicas dos metais ferro, zinco e mangânes no solo próximo e no tecido desses animais, além das variações no fluxo de óxido nitroso (N2O) em áreas com e sem esses crustáceos, comparando os valores encontrados entre os períodos chuvoso e seco. Os solos foram coletados no período de maré baixa em duas 2 áreas de coleta, uma com caranguejos e outra sem. Foram realizadas medições de parâmetros bioecológicos dos caranguejos, de parâmetros físico-químicos do solo e as concentrações dos metais associados às diferentes frações do solo (trocável, carbonato, ferridrita, lepidocrocita, goethita e pirita) e nos tecidos do caranguejo Ucides cordatus, além da determinação do fluxo de N2O. Os resultados demonstraram claramente uma variação significativamente maior de atividade bioturbadora no período seco, com consequente aumento na oxidação e acidificção do solo nas áreas com caranguejo. As formas mais oxidadas dos metais foram predominantemente maiores na área com tocas de caranguejos em relação a área control, enquanto as de pirita foram menores. Entretanto, a emissão de fluxos de óxido nitroso foi maior na área controle em ambos os períodos climáticos estudados, o que indica que a atividade bioturbadora do caranguejo promove redução das emissçoes desse gás. Os resultados obtidos permitiram compreender o papel da bioturbação na emissão de GEE e na dinâmica dos processos biogeoquímicos nos solos de zonas úmidas costeiras, além de identificar possíveis variações sazonais nesses valores e a determinação das emissões de GEE e da contaminação dos solos e caranguejos dessas áreas por metais traços, de forma a melhorar o monitoramento ambiental.
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Tambo, Guillermo Eduardo Willis-Jones. "The indirect impacts of ecosystem engineering by invasive crayfish." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/46825.

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Bioturbation by invasive crayfish can significantly alter sediment properties and its transport in invaded water bodies; however, the indirect impacts of this on ecosystem functioning are poorly understood. In this thesis I present data from mesocosm and field manipulation experiments used to assess the effect of bioturbation by three widely distributed invasive crayfish species (Procambarus clarkii, Pacifastacus leniusculus and Astacus leptodactylus) on a variety of ecosystem properties across seasons. In the mesocosm experiments, P. clarkii caused significantly more bioturbation than the other species, although increased bioturbation by all species in the spring and/or summer was associated with: reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations in near-surface water, indicating a large increase in oxygen demand by the water column; increased methane oxidation potential within the water (MOPwat), indicating the re-suspension of methane oxidising bacteria (MOB) along with the sediment; and a shift in zooplankton community structure towards dominance by large cladoceran species. Stable isotope analysis of the zooplankton showed a strong relationship between δ13C and MOPwat, suggesting that bioturbation increases MOB consumption. Given the importance of zooplankton as a trophic link to the higher food web, crayfish bioturbation may increase the importance of methane derived (chemosynthetic) carbon in invaded ecosystems. Temperature was identified as the key driver of seasonal variations in crayfish bioturbation intensity through laboratory mesocosm experiments, enabling estimation of the full annual pattern of bioturbation intensity for each species. The optimal temperature for P. clarkii was much higher than for the other species meaning that its bioturbation impacts exhibited large seasonal fluctuations whilst P. leniusculus and A. leptodactylus maintained a lower but more consistent level. Field manipulation experiments of enclosed sections of Chalgrove Brook, Oxfordshire, found significant bioturbation activity by P. leniusculus in early autumn; however, the increase in turbidity was too small to detect other effects observed in the mesocosm experiments.
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Hedman, Jenny E. "Fate of contaminants in Baltic Sea sediment ecosystems : the role of bioturbation." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Systemekologiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8315.

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Aquatic sediments are of major importance for the cycling of environmental pollutants, acting as both sinks and secondary sources of contaminants to the ecosystem. Sediment-living organisms can affect the fate and transport of contaminants through activities like feeding and burrowing, collectively called bioturbation. Apart from high contaminant levels, the Baltic benthic ecosystem is affected by stressors such as eutrophication-induced anoxic conditions and invading alien species. The main objectives of this thesis were to determine the effects of bioturbation on contaminant fluxes in Baltic Sea sediments and to increase the understanding of how these other stressors act together upon contaminant fate in the benthic ecosystem. Bioturbation affected contaminants in a species-specific way. The native species Monoporeia affinis and Macoma balthica increased the incorporation of BDE-99 and Cd deposited on the sediment surface, enhancing their retention in the sediment. The invasive polychaete Marenzelleria sp. did not contribute to the incorporation of surface-deposited contaminants, however, significantly increased the release of contaminants back to the water column. Reoxygenation of anoxic laminated sediments and bioturbation by Marenzelleria increased the sediment-to-water flux of dissolved organic contaminants. When the bioturbation-driven release of PCB was compared to the release caused by physical sediment resuspension, results indicated that the continuous activities of benthic infauna can be just as, or even more, important than physical disturbance for the remobilization of sediment-bound contaminants. Bioaccumulation was significantly higher when contaminants were deposited associated to phytoplankton compared to lignin or sediment, suggesting that there are likely seasonal differences in the mobilization of contaminants in the benthic ecosystem. In summary, bioturbation is an important process influencing contaminant fate in Baltic Sea sediments, and the risk of remobilization of historically buried contaminants may increase with improved benthic redox conditions and the invasion of new deeper-digging species, such as Marenzelleria.
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Grigg, Nicola Jane, and nicky grigg@csiro au. "Benthic Bulldozers and Pumps: Laboratory and Modelling Studies of Bioturbation and Bioirrigation." The Australian National University. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060228.104425.

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Aquatic sediments are the recipients of a continual rain of organic debris from the water column. The decomposition reactions within the sediment and the rates of material exchange between the sediment and water column are critically moderated by the transport processes within the sediment. The sediment and solute movement induced by burrowing animals – bioturbation and bioirrigation – far exceed abiotic transport processes such as sedimentation burial and molecular diffusion. Thalassinidean shrimp are particularly abundant burrowing animals. Living in high density populations along coastlines around the world, these shrimp build complex burrow networks which they actively maintain and irrigate.¶ I used a laser scanner to map thalassinidean shrimp (Trypaea australiensis) mound formation. These experiments measured rapid two-way exchange between the sediment and depth. Subduction from the sediment surface proved to be just as important as sediment expulsion from depth, yet this is not detected by conventional direct entrapment techniques. The experiments demonstrated that a daily sampling frequency was needed to capture the extent of the two-way exchange.¶ I derived a one-dimensional non-local model accounting for the excavation, infill and collapse (EIC) of burrows. Maximum likelihood analyses were used to test the model against 210Pb and 228Th profiles taken from sediment cores in Port Phillip Bay, Melbourne. The maximum likelihood approach proved to be a useful technique for quantifying parameter confidence bounds and allowing formal comparison with a comparable biodiffusion model. The EIC model generally outperformed the biodiffusion model, and in all cases best EIC model parameter estimates required some level of burrow infill with surface material. The EIC model was expanded to two and three dimensions, which allowed the representation of lateral heterogeneity resulting from the excavation, infill and collapse of burrow structures. A synthetic dataset generated by the two-dimensional model was used to demonstrate the effects of heterogeneity and core sampling on the mixing information that can be extracted from one-dimensional sediment core data.¶ Burrow irrigation brings oxygenated water into burrow depths, and can affect the nitrogen cycle by increasing the rates of coupled nitrification and denitrification reactions. I modelled the nitrogen chemistry in the annulus of sediment surrounding an irrigated burrow using a radially-symmetrical diffusion model. The model was applied to three published case studies involving thalassinidean shrimp experiments and to field data from Port Phillip Bay. The results highlighted divergences between current theoretical understanding and laboratory and field measurements. The model further demonstrated potential limitations of measurements of burrow characteristics and animal behaviour in narrow laboratory tanks. Activities of burrowing animals had been hypothesised to contribute to high denitrification rates within Port Phillip Bay. Modelling work in this thesis suggests that the model burrow density required to explain these high denitrification rates is not consistent with the sampled density of thalassinidean shrimp in the Bay, although dense burrows of other animals are likely to be important. Limitations of one-dimensional representations of nitrogen diagenesis were explored via comparisons between one-dimensional models and the full cylinder model.
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Cho, Eun-ah. "Bioturbation as a novel method to characterize the toxicity of aquatic sediment." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02282005-111535/.

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Bioturbation, the biological process through which many species of infaunal benthic invertebrates suspend bottom sediments into the water column through their burrowing, feeding, respiratory, and locomotor activities, may be a sub-lethal endpoint that can be exploited to assess the toxicity of aquatic sediments. Therefore, we developed a novel test method that used bioturbation (BioTurbTox test) generated by the activities of second in-star Chironomus tentans larvae as the toxicity endpoint (Chapter 2). To validate this method, copper (Cu) and fluoranthene were individually spiked into relatively uncontaminated aquatic sediment to assess changes in bioturbation and mobilization of the chemicals into the overlying water. Turbidity production responded to the chemicals in the sediment in a concentration-dependent manner and was an excellent indicator of sediment toxicity. Moreover, substantial concentrations of Cu were released into the overlying water from the Cu-spiked sediment, whereas little fluoranthene was mobilized into the overlying water from the fluoranthene-spiked sediment. Sediment samples were then collected from the field and used to evaluate the similarity of response of the BioTurbTox test to other more standardized toxicity tests. In the summer of 2003, sediment samples were collected at six sites in the Neuse River of North Carolina tested for toxicity, and analyzed for chemical contaminants (Chapter 3). Atrazine was the most frequently detected current-use pesticide and pyrene and fluoranthene were measured at relatively high concentrations from the Neuse River sites. Concentrations of fluoranthene were correlated with results from the Ceriodaphnia dubia porewater and BioTurbTox tests. We concluded that the new BioTurbTox test was useful as a rapid screening method for sediment toxicity information, but required normalization to the clay content or to the total organic carbon content of field collected sediments. In Chapter 4, the toxicity of environmental pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were evaluated with the BioTurbTox and C. dubia reproductive tests. Fluoxetine and bisphenol A significantly affected bioturbation caused by C. tentans, especially at high concentrations (1-2 mg/L), and the turbidity change induced by caffeine, fluoxetine, and bisphenol A showed a concentration-response relation. Triclosan affected reproduction of C. dubia at relatively low concentrations (IC50: 85.4 ?Ýg/L). However, most of the tested PPCPs were not acutely toxic at environmentally relevant concentrations, but were relatively toxic at high concentrations. In Chapter 5, two sediment-spiking methods (extract mixing vs. whole sediment dilution methods) were compared with the BioTurbTox test and a gradient response was observed from both methods. Based on the similarity of the toxic response, we determined that either of the spiking methods was appropriate for estimating the toxicity of aquatic sediments in screening level assessments. The overall conclusion from this research was that the newly developed BioTurbTox test shows promise as a tool to assess the toxicity and mobilization of contaminants from aquatic sediments.
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Bird, James Vernon Jr. "Taphonomy of Sediments| Bioturbation in the Triassic Moenkopi Formation in Southwestern Utah." Thesis, Loma Linda University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10131425.

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Measurement of bioturbation reflects physical and biological processes operating over time and can be used to reveal information about paleo-environments. The purpose of this study was to determine the intensity of bioturbation in Triassic Moenkopi Formation at Hurricane Mesa in Southwestern Utah. This formation is interpreted as having been deposited mostly in large ancient river channels, tidal flats, delta and shallow marine environments. Five stratigraphic sections measured in the Virgin Limestone Member provided the basis for this study. Detailed descriptions and quantification of bioturbation were recorded in each of the sections. Similar treatment was given to additional study sites in the rest of the formation, above the Virgin Limestone. Treatments on selected samples were implemented to better reveal evidence of bioturbation. In these treatments samples were coated with water or oil, etched with HCL and viewed under blacklight. Integrating the results of the treatments with x-ray diffraction and petrographic analysis suggest that there was minimal bioturbation. These findings are consistent with more rapid deposition than previously reported by other researchers.

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Vardaro, Michael F. "Deep-sea bioturbation and the role of the sea urchin Echinocrepis rostrata." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3316112.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Sept. 4, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hedman, Jenny. "Fate of contaminants in Baltic Sea sediment ecosystems : the role of bioturbation /." Stockholm : Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm university, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8315.

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Books on the topic "Bioturbation"

1

Erickson, Bruce R. Bioturbation structures in Pleistocene coastal plain sediments of South Carolina, North America. Saint Paul, Minn: Science Museum of Minnesota, 1991.

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Norling, Karl. Ecosystem functions in benthos: Importance of macrofaunal bioturbation and biodiversity for mineralization and nutrient fluxes. Göteborg: Dept. of Marine Ecology,Göteborg University, 2007.

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Peng, Tsung-hung. The impacts of bioturbation on the age difference between benthic and planktonic foraminifera in deep sea sediments. [S.l: s.n., 1985.

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Mima Mounds: The Case for Polygenesis and Bioturbation. Geological Society of America, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/9780813724904.

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Horwath, Jennifer L., and Donald L. Johnson. Mima Mounds: The Case for Polygenesis and Bioturbation. Geological Society of America, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/spe490.

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Mima Mounds: The Case for Polygenesis and Bioturbation (Geological Society of America Special Paper). Geological Society of Amer, 2012.

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Allen, Nicholas, Nick Groom, and Jos Smith. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795155.003.0001.

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In 1967, Benoît Mandelbrot suggested a mathematical conundrum that involved answering the seemingly straightforward question, ‘How long is the coast of Britain?’1 The answer is surprisingly elusive and dependent on the scale at which one is looking. Increasing the scale unearths greater detail, time and time again, and so the answer grows the closer one looks. The problem is that any measure, at however small a scale, is forced to simplify complex ambiguities that might otherwise reveal further intricacies of their own. This was an entry-point to Mandlebrot’s writings on fractal geometry, but it also chimes with the very ecology and geomorphology of that coast itself, characteristically intricate, ambiguous, and changeable. Large-scale, ocean-facing landforms—such as capes and bays, estuaries, dunefields, and reefs—are well known to have, nestled within them, smaller and often dynamically mobile features such as longshore bars and troughs, berms and beach cusps, not to mention difficult-to-measure caves, inlets, tributaries, and salt marshes. Looking closer still are to be found the ripples, rills, and swash marks of a more minute scale; even within these are to be found the bioturbation structures of intertidal organisms: forms within forms, scales within scales, and worlds within worlds. In the way that it draws the attention down into such minute details as these, while at the same time drawing it up towards an expanse that suggests a space almost planetary in scale, the coast is a highly distinctive geographical environment. And yet it has all too often been overlooked, as if its peripheral relationship to the land has reinforced its peripheral treatment culturally....
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Book chapters on the topic "Bioturbation"

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Graf, Gerhard. "Bioturbation." In Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, 1–2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0_132-1.

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Graf, Gerhard. "Bioturbation." In Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, 57–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6238-1_132.

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Wust, Raphael A. J. "Bioturbation." In Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs, 158–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_49.

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Paton, T. R., G. S. Humphreys, and P. B. Mitchell. "Bioturbation." In Soils, 33–67. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003420361-5.

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Das, Gautam Kumar. "Bioturbation Structures." In Tidal Sedimentation of the Sunderban's Thakuran Basin, 123–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44191-7_8.

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Bowen, James. "Bioturbation: Unpredictable Expansion." In The Coral Reef Era: From Discovery to Decline, 141–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07479-5_13.

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Bromley, Richard G. "The synecology of bioturbation." In Trace Fossils, 109–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2875-7_5.

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Bromley, Richard G. "Die Synökologie der Bioturbation." In Spurenfossilien, 109–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59832-6_6.

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Mugnai, C., M. Gerino, M. Frignani, S. Sauvage, and L. G. Bellucci. "Bioturbation experiments in the Venice Lagoon." In The Interactions between Sediments and Water, 245–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3366-3_33.

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Marenco, Katherine N., and David J. Bottjer. "Quantifying Bioturbation in Ediacaran and Cambrian Rocks." In Topics in Geobiology, 135–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0680-4_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bioturbation"

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JOHNSON, SF, and DR JACKSON. "MODELLING SEAFLOOR BIOTURBATION." In SEABED AND SEDIMENT ACOUSTICS 2015. Institute of Acoustics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/16070.

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Trianto, A., S. F. S. Wan Sagar, F. H. Kasim, L. Hendraningrat, N. A. Ramly, S. A. A. Rasid, S. Bannu, and M. F. Sedaralit. "Enhanced Bioturbated Sandstones Reservoir Evaluation and Characterization: An Insight from Baram Delta." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216688-ms.

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Abstract Bioturbation is the disturbance of sediment layers by biological activity and is a significant process in deltaic environment. Bioturbation is an important source of reservoir heterogeneity and has an impact on rock properties such as porosity and permeability and their distribution. During logging operation, varying intensity levels of bioturbation activity may alter the response of the tool hence leading to misinterpretation of the formation petrophysical properties. In this paper, a technology called H-FABS (Hasani-Faizal Adi Budi Souvick/Sarah) Graph was developed to enhance in characterizing a reservoir by differentiating between bioturbated and non-bioturbated sand and to identify opportunities behind the casing. Two pilot fields in Baram Delta have been chosen as field trials because its deposition environment is suitable and expected to have high bioturbation activity. In total, 5 wells were shortlisted as pilots from both fields. The integrated approach workflow is divided into 6 (six) levels to deploy the technology: Screening, Well ranking, Well integrity analysis, Reservoir analysis, Engineering detail, and Value creation, respectively. The laboratory study used core to determine the bioturbation interval and assigned the value of the bioturbation. intensity. The well data at the same depth as the core was then plotted into the H-FABS graph to check where the points were located. The interval with high bioturbation intensity will be checked with petrophysical properties and reservoir dynamic data to determine the current fluid type. Then the wells will be ranked based on data in H-FABS graph as well as current production data and well integrity issue. If the current fluid type is oil, add perforation activity can be done as an extra to the technology, and value creation can be investigated. Enhanced Bioturbation technology pilot fields have improved understanding of bioturbated zones and enable prediction for these zones. It identified the value creations. First, bioturbation analysis also helps to enhance geologic understanding and overall reservoir characterizations of bioturbated reservoirs. Second, it can also identify potentially located bypass oil due to underestimate petrophysical properties such as porosity, permeability, and water saturation, identifying un-risked upside potential of pilot fields from bioturbated reservoirs. Post bioturbation tool screening activities, eight wells were identified as potential bioturbation add-perforation candidates. Third, additional oil reserves from behind casing opportunity with estimated > 2 MMSTB, from 5 wells of 2 Fields. This paper provides identifications of un-risked upside potential in Pilot fields. In addition, it is an innovative well-screening technique to identify bypassed hydrocarbon opportunities. The opportunity behind casing that can add more oil reserves could be selected through significant efficiency gain in well screening methods.
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Tarhan, Lidya, Ming-Yu Zhao, and Noah Planavsky. "Bioturbation—past, Future and Biogeochemical Feedbacks." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2564.

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Li, F. "Effect of Bioturbation on the Lagoon Reservoirs." In 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202210697.

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Tarhan, Lidya. "EARLY PALEOZOIC BIOTURBATION AND FEEDBACKS ON PHOSPHORUS CYCLING." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-359598.

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Pippenger, Katherine, Alison Cribb, Matthew E. Clapham, Mary Droser, David Bottjer, and Lidya Tarhan. "PHANEROZOIC TRENDS IN THE DEPTH OF MARINE BIOTURBATION." In GSA Connects 2023 Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023am-391533.

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Tarhan, Lidya. "PALEOENVIRONMENTAL AND EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS IN CAMBRIAN–ORDOVICIAN BIOTURBATION." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-378635.

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Stivers, Carl. "Ghost Shrimp Bioturbation and Effective Contaminated Sediment Cap Design." In Third Specialty Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Disposal. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40680(2003)58.

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Thacker, Hayden, and Ilya Buynevich. "LIGHTING THE TUNNEL: MULTI-MODE GEORADAR IMAGING OF BIOTURBATION SCENARIOS." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-351056.

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Vasylenko, Klavdiya, Ilya V. Buynevich, Christopher A. Sparacio, and Karen A. Kopcznski. "NEW DIRECTION IN NEOICHNOLOGY: REAL-TIME GEORADAR IMAGING OF SIMULATED BIOTURBATION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-302136.

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Reports on the topic "Bioturbation"

1

Mayer, Lawrence M., and Peter A. Jumars. Nutritional Control of Bioturbation in Marine Sediments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629689.

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Mayer, Lawrence M., and Peter A. Jumars. Nutritional Control of Bioturbation in Marine Sediments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada621143.

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Boudreau, Bernard P. Lattice-Automaton Modelling of Bioturbation and Benthic Activity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629143.

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Boudreau, Bernard P. Lattice-Automaton Modelling of Bioturbation and Benthic Activity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629648.

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Boudreau, Bernard P. Lattice-Automaton Modelling of Bioturbation and Benthic Activity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada640530.

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Wheatcroft, Robert A. Feedbacks Between Bottom Roughness, Bioturbation Intensity and Epibenthic Microalgae. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613925.

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Wheatcroft, Robert A. Feedbacks Between Bottom Roughness, Bioturbation Intensity and Epibenthic Microalgae. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada624804.

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Jumars, Peter A., Darrell R. Jackson, and Bernard P. Boudreau. Predicting Acoustic Backscatter from Bioturbation and Vice Versa: Scale-Dependent Modeling. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629866.

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Wheatcroft, Robert A. The Impact of Bottom Roughness and Bioturbation Intensity on Benthic Optical Properties. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada635334.

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Aller, Robert C., Josephine Y. Aller, C. Lee, and J. Kirk Cochran. Surficial bioturbation and rapid benthic remineralization in the Cape Hatteras shelf/slope region. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/761049.

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