Academic literature on the topic 'Biotic reactions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biotic reactions":
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Sheik, Cody S., H. James Cleaves, Kristin Johnson-Finn, Donato Giovannelli, Thomas L. Kieft, Dominic Papineau, Matthew O. Schrenk, and Simone Tumiati. "Abiotic and biotic processes that drive carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions." American Mineralogist 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7166ccbyncnd.
Abstract:
Abstract Carboxylation and decarboxylation are two fundamental classes of reactions that impact the cycling of carbon in and on Earth’s crust. These reactions play important roles in both long-term (primarily abiotic) and short-term (primarily biotic) carbon cycling. Long-term cycling is important in the subsurface and at subduction zones where organic carbon is decomposed and outgassed or recycled back to the mantle. Short-term reactions are driven by biology and have the ability to rapidly convert CO2 to biomass and vice versa. For instance, carboxylation is a critical reaction in primary production and metabolic pathways like photosynthesis in which sunlight provides energy to drive carbon fixation, whereas decarboxylation is a critical reaction in metabolic pathways like respiration and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Early life and prebiotic chemistry on Earth likely relied heavily upon the abiotic synthesis of carboxylic acids. Over time, life has diversified (de)carboxylation reactions and incorporated them into many facets of cellular metabolism. Here we present a broad overview of the importance of carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions from both abiotic and biotic perspectives to highlight the importance of these reactions and compounds to planetary evolution.
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Miller, R. H., A. A. Berryman, and C. A. Ryant. "Biotic elicitors of defense reactions in lodgepole pine." Phytochemistry 25, no. 3 (January 1986): 611–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)88008-6.
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Chauhan, Sambhavana, Sneha Yogindran, and Manchikatla Venkat Rajam. "Role of miRNAs in biotic stress reactions in plants." Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 22, no. 4 (December 2017): 514–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40502-017-0347-3.
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Margalef-Marti, Rosanna, Raul Carrey, Albert Soler, and Neus Otero. "Isotopic fractionation associated to nitrate attenuation by ferrous iron containing minerals." E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 12013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199812013.
Abstract:
Biotic and abiotic laboratory experiments of nitrate and nitrite reduction by Fe-containing minerals were performed and the isotopic fractionation of the different reactions was calculated in order to determine whether it is possible to distinguish biotic and abiotic reactions involving N compounds. Results of biotic experiments showed nitrate reduction up to 96 % with transient NO2- accumulation and no significant N2O production. No significant nitrate attenuation was observed in abiotic nitrate reduction experiments. Abiotic experiments of nitrite reduction showed a rapid decrease in nitrite concentrations in those experiments with added Fe2+ coupled with a significant N2O production. Preliminary results of the N and O isotopic fractionation of the biotic experiments of nitrate reduction show differences in the ε15NNO3 and ε18ONO3 when different minerals were added. The abiotic experiments of nitrite reduction contrarily, showed similar ε15NNO2 in all the experiments.
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Büyüksönmez, Fatïh, Thomas F. Hess, Ronald L. Crawford, and Richard J. Watts. "Toxic Effects of Modified Fenton Reactions on Xanthobacter flavus FB71." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 3759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.10.3759-3764.1998.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The toxic effects of modified Fenton reactions onXanthobacter flavus FB71, measured as microbial survival rates, were determined as part of an investigation of simultaneous abiotic and biotic oxidations of xenobiotic chemicals. A central composite, rotatable experimental design was developed to study the survival rates of X. flavus under various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and iron(II) and at different initial cell populations. A model based on the experimental results, relating microorganism survival to the variables of peroxide, iron, and cellular concentrations was formulated and fit the data reasonably well, with a coefficient of determination of 0.76. The results of this study indicate that the use of simultaneous abiotic and biotic processes for the treatment of xenobiotic compounds may be possible.
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McGlynn, Shawn E., Jennifer B. Glass, Kristin Johnson-Finn, Frieder Klein, Sebastian A. Sanden, Matthew O. Schrenk, Yuichiro Ueno, and Alberto Vitale-Brovarone. "Hydrogenation reactions of carbon on Earth: Linking methane, margarine, and life." American Mineralogist 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-6928ccbyncnd.
Abstract:
Abstract Hydrogenation reactions are a major route of electron and proton flow on Earth. Interfacing geology and organic chemistry, hydrogenations occupy pivotal points in the Earth’s global geochemical cycles. Some examples of hydrogenation reactions on Earth today include the production and consumption of methane in both abiotic and biotic reactions, the reduction of protons in hydrothermal settings, and the biological synthesis and degradation of fatty acids. Hydrogenation reactions were likely important for prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth, and today serve as one of the fundamental reaction classes that enable cellular life to construct biomolecules. An understanding and awareness of hydrogenation reactions is helpful for comprehending the larger web of molecular and material inter-conversions on our planet. In this brief review we detail some important hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions as they relate to geology, biology, industry, and atmospheric chemistry. Such reactions have implications ranging from the suite of reactions on early Earth to industrial applications like the production of hydrocarbon fuel.
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Wołos, Agnieszka, Rafał Roszak, Anna Żądło-Dobrowolska, Wiktor Beker, Barbara Mikulak-Klucznik, Grzegorz Spólnik, Mirosław Dygas, Sara Szymkuć, and Bartosz A. Grzybowski. "Synthetic connectivity, emergence, and self-regeneration in the network of prebiotic chemistry." Science 369, no. 6511 (September 24, 2020): eaaw1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw1955.
Abstract:
The challenge of prebiotic chemistry is to trace the syntheses of life’s key building blocks from a handful of primordial substrates. Here we report a forward-synthesis algorithm that generates a full network of prebiotic chemical reactions accessible from these substrates under generally accepted conditions. This network contains both reported and previously unidentified routes to biotic targets, as well as plausible syntheses of abiotic molecules. It also exhibits three forms of nontrivial chemical emergence, as the molecules within the network can act as catalysts of downstream reaction types; form functional chemical systems, including self-regenerating cycles; and produce surfactants relevant to primitive forms of biological compartmentalization. To support these claims, computer-predicted, prebiotic syntheses of several biotic molecules as well as a multistep, self-regenerative cycle of iminodiacetic acid were validated by experiment.
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Umar, Qasim, and Mei Luo. "A Brief Review: Advancement in the Synthesis of Amine through the Leuckart Reaction." Reactions 4, no. 1 (January 29, 2023): 117–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reactions4010007.
Abstract:
This review presents a summary of reactions that take place during the “Leuckart-type reaction”. The significance of, as well as recent advancements in, the synthesis of amines through simple and inexpensive methods using readily available raw materials is discussed. This review includes all catalytic and noncatalytic reactions that involve the Leuckart method. Recent studies have shown that at least a quarter of C–N bond-forming reactions in the pharmaceutical industry are occur with the support of reductive amination. Recently, experimental conditions have achieved excellent yields. The “Leuckart-type reaction” is technically associated with Eschweiler–Clarke methylation. Compounds are grouped in accordance with the precept of action. This includes drugs affecting the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract; anticancer drugs, antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal drugs; drugs affecting anxiety; convulsant, biotic, and HIV drugs; and antidiabetic drugs. Therefore, this review supports the development of the Leuckart-type preparation of nitrogenous compounds, as well as their advancement in other areas of human development.
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BÜLBÜL, Sibel, Emine Burcu TURGAY, Merve Nur ERTAS OZ, and Sinan AYDOĞAN. "Detection of some registered barley varieties reactions to barley leaf stripe disease." Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 36, no. 2 (July 3, 2023): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1206871.
Abstract:
Cereals are a significant agricultural product group with the highest cultivation area and production in Turkey. Among these cereals, barley is an important cereal used in human and animal nutrition, and the most widelycultivated plant after wheat. There are biotic and abiotic factors which affect the yield and quality parameters of barley. Of the biotic factors, barley leaf stripe (agent: Pyrenophora graminea (anamorph: Drechslera graminea) is an important fungal disease. Infections can occur in diseased seeds and in the presence of suitable environmental conditions. Hence, the use of disease-free seeds and resistant cultivars (cvs.) against this pathogen are crucial. With this in mind, this study was carried out with a highly virulent isolate of Pyrenophora graminea, obtained from the Disease and Pest Resistance Unit culture collection in 57 registered barley cultivars in the greenhouses of the Central Research Institute of Field Crops (TARM) in 2021. The experiments were conducted in 3 replications in a randomized block design. Of 57 registered barley cultivars 62%, 15% and 36% of these barley cultivars expressed resistance, moderate resistance, and susceptible reactions, respectively. As a result of the analysis of variance performed on the results obtained, it was concluded that the difference between the mean values of 57 varieties was statistically significant at 1% level (P
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Iksat, N. N., D. Tokasheva, М. К. Beissekova, U. I. Amanbayeva, Zh B. Tleukulova, A. Zh Akbassova, S. B. Zhangazin, and R. T. Omarov. "Salicylic acid and its role in induced plant resistance to biotic stress." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series 131, no. 2 (2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2020-131-2-8-14.
Abstract:
Salicylic acid is a natural signaling molecule that plays a key role in establishing and transmitting plant protection signals from phytopathogens. Salicylic acid, by modulating the expression of protective genes and changing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, can regulate oxidative processes associated with plant protective reactions. This review article reviews studies that provide insight into the functioning of salicylic acid in plant immunity
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biotic reactions":
1
Jasaitis, Audrius. "Electrogenic reactions in the heme-copper oxidase family of enzymes." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/bioti/vk/jasaitis/.
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Haapa-Paananen, Saija. "The mechanisms, applications, and target site selection of bacteriophage Mu minimal in vitro DNA transposition reaction." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/bioti/vk/haapa-paananen/.
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Mukhamediyarova, Akerke. "Microbiological Enhanced Oil Recovery : Model of Kinematic Waves and Asymptotic Analysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0301.
Abstract:
L’un des objectifs stratégiques de l’industrie pétrolière moderne est le développement réserve effective de pétrole à haute viscosité, caractérisées par une faible mobilité entraînant une forte baisse du facteur de récupération du pétrole. Le développement de tels réservoirs par des méthodes traditionnelles (déplétion naturelle, injection d’eau, etc.) n’est souvent pas efficace. L’alternative est une application de méthodes de récupération actives, en d’autres termes, des méthodes de récupération assistée du pétrole. Dans cette thèse, nous analysons les problèmes de modélisation du déplacement du pétrole par l’eau en présence de bactéries produisant des agents chimiques actifs qui changent favorablement les propriétés du pétrole et de l’eau. Plus strictement, nous analysons les bactéries produisant un biosurfactant qui réduit les effets négatifs du piégeage d’huile capillaire en milieux poreux. Un tel problème fait partie de la théorie générale de l’écoulement multiphase multicomposant partiellement miscible avec des réactions chimiques, couplé à la dynamique de la population. Le modèle mathématique général du processus est présenté, qui a été réduit au modèle des ondes cinématiques, grâce à plusieurs simplifications admissibles. Plus exactement, nous avons obtenu le système de cinq équations différentielles en dérivées partielles non linéaires du premier ordre, qui peuvent avoir des solutions discontinues. Un tel système ne peut être étudié que numériquement dans le cas général. Cependant, nous avons montré que pour un cas particulier, ce modèle peut être complètement analysé qualitativement. Pour une telle analyse, nous avons introduit le concept de faible bioréactivité. Elle correspond au comportement asymptotique du modèle général lorsque le taux de cinétique bactérienne tend vers zéro. En appliquant la technique de développement asymptotique, nous avons obtenu la solution semi-analytique du problème de déplacement. En particulier, cela nous a offert la possibilité de détecter les discontinuités (les chocs) de différents types et d’analyser exactement leur structure. Le cas général du taux cinétique arbitraire a été étudié numériquement, en utilisant le code COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS. Nous avons analysé l’impact du taux de croissance microbien, des concentrations microbiennes et nutritives, de la forme des fonctions cinétiques et du rapport de viscosité sur la récupération de l’huile. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous avons simulé un cas réel d’un champ pétrolier kazakh. Le principal et unique outil d’étude de la récupération microbiologique assistée du pétrole (RAMP) était l’analyse numérique, alors qu’il manquait des solutions analytiques. Les solutions semi-analytiques que nous avons obtenues comblent cette lacune. Ils représentent des résultats exacts qui pourraient être utilisés pour vérifier la validité de divers schémas et codes numériquesOne of the strategic objectives of the modern oil industry is the efficient development of high-viscosity oil reserves, which are characterized by low mobility leading to a sharp decline in the oil recovery factor. The development of such reservoirs by traditional methods (natural drives, waterflooding etc.) is frequently not efficient. The alternative is an application of active recovery methods, in other words, enhanced oil recovery methods. In this thesis we analyze the problems of modelling the displacement of oil by water in presence of bacteria producing some active chemicals that change favorably the properties of oil and water. More strictly, we analyze the bacteria producing biosurfactant that reduces the negative effects of capillary oil trapping in porous media. Such a problem makes part of the general theory of multiphase multicomponent partially miscible flow with chemical reactions, coupled with the dynamics of population. The general mathematical model of the process is presented, which is reduced next to the model of kinematic waves, due to several admissible simplifications. More exactly, we have obtained the system of five nonlinear partial differential equations of the first order, which can have discontinuous solutions. Such a system can be studied only numerically in the general case. However, we have shown that for a particular case this model can be completely analyzed qualitatively. For such an analysis, we have introduced the concept of weak bioreactivity. It corresponds to the asymptotic behavior of the general model as the rate of bacterial kinetics tends to zero. Applying the technique of asymptotic expansions, we have obtained the semi-analytical solution to the displacement problem. In particular, this offered us the possibility to detect the discontinuities (chocks) of various types and to analyze exactly their structure. The general case of arbitrary kinetic rate was studied numerically, by using the code COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS. We analyzed the impact of the microbial growth rate, microbial and nutrient concentrations, the form of kinetic functions and the viscosity ratio on the oil recovery. In the last chapter, we simulated a field case for a Kazakhstani oil field. The main and unique tool of studying MEOR was the numerical analysis, whilst analytical solutions were missing. The semi-analytical solutions we have obtained fill this gap. They represent exact results that could be used to check the validity of various numerical schemes and codes
4
Botella, Jean-Marie. "Etude sur reactions modeles du transfert de groupement carboxyle catalyse par la biotine." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30059.
Abstract:
Etude cinetique des reactions d'hydrolyse et d'aminolyse d'esters allophaniques, reactions constituant une situation modele de la reaction de transfert du groupement carboxyle de la carboxybiotine a l'accepteur ceci dans les reactions catalysees par le coenzyme biotine
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Cohen-Tannoudji, Laetitia. "CINETIQUE DE REACTIONS LIGAND-RECEPTEUR EN SURFACE - étude fondée sur l'utilisation de colloïdes magnétiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441918.
Abstract:
Ce manuscrit présente une étude des cinétiques de réactions ligand-récepteur sur des surfaces en regard, fondée sur l'utilisation de particules magnétiques colloïdales. Notre démarche repose sur la mesure de cinétiques de formation de doublets indépendants de particules, déclenchée par l'application d'un champ magnétique. Ces mesures sont directement reliées aux constantes cinétiques du couple ligand-récepteur à la surface des particules magnétiques. En considérant le couple streptavidine-biotine, nous avons validé notre approche et mis en évidence une source de variabilité des constantes d'association en surface : le degré de confinement des réactifs sur les surfaces. Pour les configurations les plus rapides, nous avons appréhendé la constante d'association comme limitée par des processus de diffusion, associés à la dynamique des particules colloïdales. Pour les configurations les plus lentes, où les réactifs sont les plus confinés en surface, le ralentissement observé est attribué à une diminution de l'efficacité des rencontres entre réactifs. Nous avons également étudié la cinétique d'association entre cadhérines, molécules directement impliquées dans l'adhésion cellulaire. Nous avons mis en évidence l'influence des conditions de contact sur l'état d'adhésion entre cadhérines. Pour les deux états d'adhésion « profonds » observés, nous avons mesuré une constante cinétique d'association plus lente que celle de l'interaction streptavidine-biotine.
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MASACHCHIGE, C. N. N. NANAYAKKARAWASAM. "STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC STRESS ON THE GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND SECONDARY METABOLISM OF MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/168729.
Abstract:
Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb., a medicinal plant rich in volatile compounds, was used to study the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses over plant growth and secondary metabolism. Biotic stress was induced by Myzus persiceae Sulzer and Macrosiphoniella millefolii (De Geer ), a generalist and specialist aphid species respectively. Abiotic stress was caused by mechanical damages provoked by a pin and a specially built equipment which apply a controlled and extended pressure to the plants. Plant growth and volatile compounds emissions were evaluated in the different experimental conditions analyzed. The effect of jasmonic acid on the plant volatile fingerprint was also evaluated. The volatile emission patterns obtained in the different conditions were compared in order to have suggestions regarding the metabolic pathways activated in each situation. Furthermore pea (Pisum sativum L.) and peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) volatile fingerprints due to M. persicae infestation were analyzed and compared to those obtained from A. collina. The comparison of the results lead to the identification of volatile compounds induced only by the aphids in all the plant species studied, suggesting the activation of a common metabolic pathway due to infestation. Preliminary molecular approach seems to confirm pytochemical data.
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Coelho, Junior Eduardo Ferreira. "S?ntese qu?mica, avalia??o do potencial biol?gico e estudos de intera??o com meios biomim?ticos de Glicopept?deo-Triaz?is derivados de HSP-1." UFVJM, 2015. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1044.
Abstract:
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O presente trabalho prop?e a glicosila??o do pept?deo antimicrobiano HSP-1, composto por 14 res?duos de amino?cidos e isolado originalmente da esp?cie Hyla punctata (PRATES et al., 2004) empregando-se a s?ntese de pept?deos em fase s?lida associada a rea??o de cicloadi??o catalisada por cobre (SHARPLESS et al., 2002). Para isto, foi realizada a s?ntese do pept?deo HSP-1 propargilado ([PAG1]HSP-1) atrav?s da metodologia de s?ntese de pept?deo em fase s?lida (SPFS) via estrat?gia Fmoc. Ap?s a confirma??o da obten??o do [PAG1]HSP-1 por espectrometria de massa (MALDI-ToF), foi realizada a glicosila??o com as inser??es dos derivados azido acetilado de glicose e N-acetilglicosamina na presen?a de sulfato de cobre penta hidratado (CuSO4.5H2O) e de ascorbato de s?dio como agente redutor para obten??o dos glicopept?deo-triaz?is [Glc-trz-G14]HSP-1 e [GlcNAc-trz-G14]HSP-1. Os produtos das s?nteses foram purificados por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia de fase reversa (CLAE-FR) e tamb?m caracterizados por espectrometria de massa (MALDI-ToF), confirmando a forma??o regiosseletiva dos glicopept?deo-triaz?is sem produ??o de subprodutos da glicosila??o. Os estudos biol?gicos comparativos entre o pept?deo HSP-1 e de suas formas glicosiladas revelaram que as modifica??es qu?micas n?o alteraram significativamente a efic?cia do HSP-1 contra agentes bacterianos. Entretanto, os testes antif?ngicos demonstraram melhor atividade fungicida para os glicopept?deos quando comparado ao pept?deo HSP-1. Foram ainda realizados estudos conformacionais e de intera??o entre o pept?deo e os glicopept?deos com ves?culas fosfolip?dicas de car?ter zwitteri?nico (POPC) e ani?nico (POPC/POPG). Os estudos conformacionais empregando-se a t?cnica de Dicro?smo Circular (CD) revelaram menor teor de helicidade tanto em LUV?s de POPC quanto de POPC/POPG para os glicopept?deos em rela??o a HSP-1. Os estudos de intera??o foram realizados empregando-se as t?cnicas de espalhamento de luz din?mico (DLS), potencial zeta (?) e extravasamento de carboxifluoresce?na (CF). De uma maneira geral, verifica-se que a varia??o no di?metro hidrodin?mico (?Dh) para ves?culas ii zwitteri?nicas POPC e ani?nicas POPC/POPG ? maior para os glicopept?deos [Glc-trz-G14]HSP-1e [GlcNAc-trz-G14]HSP-1 em rela??o ao HSP-1. Por outro lado, a varia??o do potencial zeta tanto em ves?culas zwitteri?nicas quanto em ves?culas predominantemente negativas causada por HSP-1 foi maior em compara??o ao efeito causado pelas formas glicosiladas. E por fim, os resultados de extravasamento de carboxifluoresce?na induzida por cada esp?cie (HSP-1, [Glc-trz-G14]HSP-1 e [GlcNAc-trz-G14]HSP-1) mostrou que a capacidade l?tica dos glicopept?deos ? ligeiramente maior em ambos os meios biomim?ticos quando comparados com o pept?deo HSP-1. Assim sendo, este trabalho mostrou que a presen?a do anel triaz?lico pode ser respons?vel pela maior atividade antif?ngica dos glicopept?deos [Glc-trz-G14]HSP-1 e [GlcNAc-trz-G14]HSP-1 em rela??o ao pept?deo HSP-1.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015.
ABSTRACT This work proposes the glycosylation of the antimicrobial peptide HSP-1, containing 14 amino acid residues and originally isolated from Hyla punctata species (PRATES et al., 2004) by solid phase peptides synthesis associated with cycloaddition reaction copper catalyzed (SHARPLESS et al., 2002). The synthesis of propargylated HSP-1 ([PAG1] HSP-1) was carried out by solid phase peptide synthesis using Fmoc strategy and characterized by mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF). In order to obtain the glycopeptide triazoles [Glc-trz-G14]HSP-1 and [GlcNAc-trz-G14]HSP-1, azide derivatives acetylated glucose and N-acetylglucosamine were used in the presence of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4. 5H2O) and sodium ascorbate as a reducing agent. The products were purified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and characterized by mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF), confirming the regioselective reaction without glycosylation secondary products. Comparative studies among HSP-1 peptide and their glycosylated forms don?t show significant changes in antibacterial assays. However, the antifungal tests have shown a significant increase in fungicidal activity for glycopeptides when compared to HSP-1 peptide. Furthermore, it were carried out conformational and interaction studies among the peptide and glycopeptides with zwitterionic (POPC) and anionic (POPC/POPG) phospholipid vesicles. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra have revealed lower helicity to glycopeptides relative HSP-1 in both zwitterionic and anionic LUV's. Interaction studies were performed employing the dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential and leakage carboxyfluorescein (CF) techniques. Summing up, the hydrodynamic diameter variation (?Dh) for zwitterionic and anionic vesicles is greater for glycopeptides [Glc-trz-G14]HSP-1 and [GlcNAc-trz-G14]HSP-1 when compared with HSP-1. On the other hand, the zeta potential variation in zwitterionic or negative vesicles caused by HSP-1 was higher compared to the effect caused by glycosylated forms. Finally, the results of carboxyfluorescein leakage induced by each species (HSP- iv 1 [Glc-trz-G14] HSP-1 and [GlcNAc-trz-G14] HSP-1) showed a higher lytic capacity of glycopeptides in both media in relation to the HSP-1 peptide. Thus, it showed that the presence of triazole rings may be responsible for the higher antifungal activity of derivatives [Glc-trz-G14] HSP-1 and [GlcNAc trz-G14] HSP-1.
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Zrein, Maan. "Applications de nouvelles methodes immuno-enzymatiques de diagnostic en virologie humaine et vegetale." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13088.
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"Coupled Abiotic and Biotic Cycling of Nitrous Oxide." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57072.
Abstract:
abstract: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and an oxidant respired by a
diverse range of anaerobic microbes, but its sources and sinks are poorly understood. The overarching goal of my dissertation is to explore abiotic N2O formation and microbial N2O consumption across reducing environments of the early and modern Earth. By combining experiments as well as diffusion and atmospheric modeling, I present evidence that N2O production can be catalyzed on iron mineral surfaces that may have been present in shallow waters of the Archean ocean. Using photochemical models, I showed that tropospheric N2O concentrations close to modern ones (ppb range) were possible before O2 accumulated. In peatlands of the Amazon basin (modern Earth), unexpected abiotic activity became apparent under anoxic conditions. However, care has to be taken to adequately disentangle abiotic from biotic reactions. I identified significant sterilant-induced changes in Fe2+ and dissolved organic matter pools (determined by fluorescence spectroscopy). Among all chemical and physical sterilants tested, γ - irradiation showed the least effect on reactant pools. Targeting geochemically diverse peatlands across Central and South America, I present evidence that coupled abiotic and biotic cycling of N2O could be a widespread phenomenon. Using isotopic tracers in the field, I showed that abiotic N2O fluxes rival biotic ones under in-situ conditions. Moreover, once N2O is produced, it is rapidly consumed by N2O-reducing microbes. Using amplicon sequencing and metagenomics, I demonstrated that this surprising N2O sink potential is associated with diverse bacteria, including the recently discovered clade II that is present in high proportions at Amazonian sites based on nosZ quantities. Finally, to evaluate the impact of nitrogen oxides on methane production in peatlands, I characterized soil nitrite (NO2–) and N2O abundances along soil profiles. I complemented field analyses with molecular work by deploying amplicon-based 16S rRNA and mcrA sequencing. The diversity and activity of soil methanogens was affected by the presence of NO2– and N2O, suggesting that methane emissions could be influenced by N2O cycling dynamics. Overall, my work proposes a key role for N2O in Earth systems across time and a central position in tropical microbial ecosystems.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Microbiology 2020
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Chiou, Yi-Jang, and 邱奕璋. "Phosphoramidation Reactions for Nucleic Acids Conjugating with Peptides, Proteins, Chromophores and Biotin Derivaties." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99779113424401190072.
Abstract:
碩士高雄醫學大學
醫藥暨應用化學研究所
98
The original aim of this research was to develop a new phosphoramidation reaction suitable for nucleic acid and small organic compound conjugations which could be exploited to identify amidase ribozymes from RNA pools. An amine-containing biotin derivative (11) was synthesized and used to systematically optimize a previously ineffective and inefficient phosphoramidation reaction method. The improved phosphoramidation reaction increased yields of nucleic acid-11 conjugates up to 80% after 3-hr reactions. Applications of the phosphoramidation reactions to conjugate 96 RNA clones with 11 and studies of the enzymatic activities for these RNA-11 conjugates revealed that all RNA conjugates had no detectable amidase activity. We, however, demonstrated any nucleic acids with a terminal phosphate group were suitable reactants in the new phosphoramidation reactions to conjugate with nucleophile molecules such as derivatives of biotin and fluorescein, proteins and peptides. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies of 11- or fluorescein-tagged DNA primers prepared by the phosphoramidation reactions indicated base-pairing characteristics of the nucleic acid conjugates were substained. This study developed a facile phosphoramidation approach to prepare nucleic acid conjugates with good yields which have implications for broad biomedical applications.
Books on the topic "Biotic reactions":
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Florkin, Marcel, and Elmer H. Stotz. Hydrolytic Reactions: Cobamide and Biotin Coenzymes. Elsevier, 2014.
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Calvert, Jack G., John J. Orlando, William R. Stockwell, and Timothy J. Wallington. The Mechanisms of Reactions Influencing Atmospheric Ozone. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190233020.001.0001.
Abstract:
Ozone, an important trace component, is critical to life on Earth and to atmospheric chemistry. The presence of ozone profoundly impacts the physical structure of the atmosphere and meteorology. Ozone is also an important photolytic source for HO radicals, the driving force for most of the chemistry that occurs in the lower atmosphere, is essential to shielding biota, and is the only molecule in the atmosphere that provides protection from UV radiation in the 250-300 nm region. However, recent concerns regarding environmental issues have inspired a need for a greater understanding of ozone, and the effects that it has on the Earth's atmosphere. The Mechanisms of Reactions Influencing Atmospheric Ozone provides an overview of the chemical processes associated with the formation and loss of ozone in the atmosphere, meeting the need for a greater body of knowledge regarding atmospheric chemistry. Renowned atmospheric researcher Jack Calvert and his coauthors discuss the various chemical and physical properties of the earth's atmosphere, the ways in which ozone is formed and destroyed, and the mechanisms of various ozone chemical reactions in the different spheres of the atmosphere. The volume is rich with valuable knowledge and useful descriptions, and will appeal to environmental scientists and engineers alike. A thorough analysis of the processes related to tropospheric ozone, The Mechanisms of Reactions Influencing Atmospheric Ozone is an essential resource for those hoping to combat the continuing and future environmental problems, particularly issues that require a deeper understanding of atmospheric chemistry.
Book chapters on the topic "Biotic reactions":
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Pretzsch, H., M. del Río, F. Giammarchi, E. Uhl, and R. Tognetti. "Changes of Tree and Stand Growth: Review and Implications." In Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions, 189–222. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80767-2_6.
Abstract:
AbstractIn this chapter, we review the current long-term growth trends and short-term growth reaction to single or repeated stress events on tree and stand level in Europe. Based on growth trend analyses, the chapter reveals the strong human footprint on forest ecosystems.First, we use long-term experiments and increment cores to show change in growth trends within the last centuries. Growth reactions are caused by deposition and climate change rather than by silvicultural measures. Second, we look closer on regional-specific deviations from the general trend. Climate change, drought events, acid rain and O3 are causing regional-specific growth reaction patterns. Third, we assess stress events and the resilience and resistance of monospecific and mixed stands against biotic and abiotic stress in view of the ongoing growth trends.The revealed tree and stand growth behaviours are highly relevant, as any changes of forest growth and structure have strong impacts on the provision of goods and ecosystem services. The results underline the importance of biomonitoring and suggest counteracting measures by forest planning, adaptation of silvicultural guidelines for existing forest and innovative design of future forests stands.
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Eickenscheidt, Nadine, Heike Puhlmann, Winfried Riek, Paul Schmidt-Walter, Nicole Augustin, and Nicole Wellbrock. "Spatial Response Patterns in Biotic Reactions of Forest Trees and Their Associations with Environmental Variables in Germany." In Ecological Studies, 311–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15734-0_11.
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Génin, J. M. R. "Fe(II–III) Hydroxysalt Green Rusts; from Corrosion to Mineralogy and Abiotic to Biotic Reactions by Mössbauer Spectroscopy." In ICAME 2003, 471–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2852-6_71.
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Miyagawa, Akihisa. "Detection of the Avidin–Biotin Reaction." In Acoustic Levitation-Based Trace-Level Biosensing, 43–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1425-5_4.
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Mildvan, Albert S., David C. Fry, and Engin H. Serpersu. "Mechanism of Carboxylation by Biotin Enzymes." In Enzymatic and Model Carboxylation and Reduction Reactions for Carbon Dioxide Utilization, 211–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0663-1_12.
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Honor, Richard, and Robert I. Colautti. "EICA 2.0: a general model of enemy release and defence in plant and animal invasions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 192–207. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0192.
Abstract:
Abstract Plants and animals have evolved a variety of strategies to limit the negative fitness consequences of natural enemies (i.e. herbivores, predators, parasites and pathogens). Demographic bottlenecks occurring during the invasion process reduce the number of co-introduced natural enemies, providing opportunities to study rapid evolution in environments with different or reduced enemy loads. Enemy release theory provides a set of hypotheses and predictions about the role of natural enemies in the proliferation of invasive species. This body of theory includes the Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH) and the related Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability Hypothesis (EICA), but there is often confusion about these hypotheses and the data needed to test them. We introduce a simple, general model of enemy release to identify and clarify some of the key assumptions and predictions implicit in enemy release theory and its impacts on invasion. Although introduced populations likely benefit from a reduction in the direct fitness impacts of natural enemies in the early stages of invasion, an evolutionary shift in resource allocation from defence to growth and reproduction is much less likely and depends on a delicate balance between the fitness costs and benefits of defence and the fitness impacts of natural enemies in both the native and introduced ranges. Even when the abundance of natural enemies is lower in the introduced range, the majority of scenarios do not favour evolution of less defended genotypes that are more competitive or more fecund, contrary to predictions of EICA. Perhaps surprisingly, we find that the level of damage by natural enemies in field surveys is not generally a good parameter for testing enemy release theory. Instead, common garden experiments characterizing fitness reaction norms of multiple genotypes from the native and introduced range are crucial to estimate the historic rate of adaptive evolution or predict it into the future. Incorporating spatial autocorrelation and methods from population genetics can further improve our understanding of the role of enemy release and evolution in the proliferation of invasive species.
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Sharma, Pooja, Ambreen Bano, and Surendra Pratap Singh. "Diversity of Microbes Inside Plants and Their Reaction to Biotic and Abiotic Stress." In Planet Earth: Scientific Proposals to Solve Urgent Issues, 207–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53208-5_10.
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Kluger, Ronald. "Biological Utilization of Carbon Dioxide. Enzymic Catalysis Patterns Involving Biotin, ATP, and Bicarbonate." In Enzymatic and Model Carboxylation and Reduction Reactions for Carbon Dioxide Utilization, 259–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0663-1_15.
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Kern, Michael, and Sébastien Ferreira-Cerca. "Differential Translation Activity Analysis Using Bioorthogonal Noncanonical Amino Acid Tagging (BONCAT) in Archaea." In Ribosome Biogenesis, 229–46. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2501-9_14.
Abstract:
AbstractThe study of protein production and degradation in a quantitative and time-dependent manner is a major challenge to better understand cellular physiological response. Among available technologies bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) is an efficient approach allowing for time-dependent labeling of proteins through the incorporation of chemically reactive noncanonical amino acids like l-azidohomoalanine (L-AHA). The azide-containing amino-acid derivative enables a highly efficient and specific reaction termed click chemistry, whereby the azide group of the L-AHA reacts with a reactive alkyne derivate, like dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) derivatives, using strain-promoted alkyne–azide cycloaddition (SPAAC). Moreover, available DBCO containing reagents are versatile and can be coupled to fluorophore (e.g., Cy7) or affinity tag (e.g., biotin) derivatives, for easy visualization and affinity purification, respectively.Here, we describe a step-by-step BONCAT protocol optimized for the model archaeon Haloferax volcanii, but which is also suitable to harness other biological systems. Finally, we also describe examples of downstream visualization, affinity purification of L-AHA-labeled proteins and differential expression analysis.In conclusion, the following BONCAT protocol expands the available toolkit to explore proteostasis using time-resolved semiquantitative proteomic analysis in archaea.
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"Biotic Reactions." In Organic Chemicals in the Environment, 53–184. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12492-4.
Conference papers on the topic "Biotic reactions":
1
Maniglio, Marco, Giacomo Rivolta, Ahmed Elgendy, Paola Panfili, and Alberto Cominelli. "Evaluating the Impact of Biochemical Reactions on H2 Storage in Depleted Gas Fields." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215142-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) is an emerging technology to store energy, produced by renewable sources, into subsurface porous formations. UHS efficiency in depleted gas reservoirs can be affected by H2 biochemical degradation due to interactions with rock, brine and gas. In the reservoir, subsurface microorganisms can metabolize H2 with possible hydrogen losses, H2S production, clogging and formation damage. In this work we investigate the impact of hydrogen losses due to microbial activities on UHS operations in depleted gas reservoirs lying in sandstone formations. We developed a workflow to exploit the chemical reactive transport functionalities of a commercial reservoir simulator, to model biochemical processes occurring in UHS. Kinetic chemical reaction formulation was used to replicate a Monod's type microorganism growth, using PHREEQC to tune reaction parameters by matching a 0-D process in an ideal reactor. Then, we applied the methodology to evaluate the impact of biotic reactions on UHS operations in depleted gas fields. Eventually, various sensitivities were carried out considering injection/production cycles lengths, cushion gas volumes and microbial model parameters. Benchmark against PHREEQC demonstrated that, by properly tuning the kinetic reaction model coefficients, we are capable of adequately reproduce Monod-like growth and competition of different microbial community species. Field-scale results showed that hydrogen losses due to biochemistry are limited, even though this may depend on the availability of reactants in the specific environment: in this work we focus on gas reservoirs where the molar fraction of the key nutrient, CO2, is small (< 2%) and the formation is a typical sandstone. Operational parameters, e.g. storage cycle length, have an impact on the biochemical dynamics and, then, on the hydrogen degradation and generation of undesired by-products. Similar considerations hold for the model microbial growth kinetic parameters: in this study they were established using available literature data for calibration, but we envisage to tune them using experimental results on specific reservoirs. The current model set-up does not account for rock-fluid geochemical interactions, which may result in mineral precipitation/dissolution affecting the concentration of substrates available for biotic reactions. Nonetheless, it can provide an estimate of hydrogen consumption during storage in depleted gas reservoirs due to microbial activities. This study is among the first attempts to evaluate the impact of hydrogen losses by the presence of in situ microbial populations during hydrogen storage in a realistic depleted gas field. The assessment was performed by implementing a novel workflow to encapsulate biochemical reactions and bacterial dynamic-growth in commercial reservoir simulators, which may be applied to estimate the efficiency and associated risks of future UHS projects.
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Karlsen, Vibeke B., Gamunu Samarakoon, and Carlos Dinamarca. "A Comparative Model-Analysis on Sulphide Bio-oxidation with Different Electron Acceptors." In 63rd International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2022, Trondheim, Norway, September 20-21, 2022. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp192014.
Abstract:
Sulphide (H2S, HS- and S2-) is an undesired by-product of biogas production processes. This modelling work in Aquasim was carried out to study three parallel processes related to sulphide in AD processes: 1) H2S liquid-gas mass transfer; 2) Acid-base equilibrium; and 3) Sulphide oxidation with three different electron acceptors; nitrate, oxygen, and a biotic anode with a given potential. Multiplicative Monod (biotic processes) and Nernst-Monod kinetics (bioelectrochemical process) provide the basis for the sulphide bio-oxidation processes. At the current stage, the model can be used to study sulphide bio-oxidation and the effect of relevant parameters, including initial biomass concentration, uptake rates, temperature, and pH. The model can be improved further by implementing anaerobic microbial processes as competing reactions. With the proposed improvements, the model can be a useful tool for calculating the chemical dosage or electrode potential required for sulphide removal. These calculations can be based on both the concentration of H2S(g) in the headspace (ppm) often available at full-scale plants and the concentration of sulphide (HS-(liq)) in effluent streams from the plants.
3
Beyke, Gregory, and Gregory J. Smith. "Advances in the Application of In Situ Electrical Resistance Heating." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7136.
Abstract:
Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH) is an aggressive in situ thermal remediation technology that was developed by the U.S. Department of Energy from the original oil production technology to enhance vapor extraction remediation technologies in low permeability soils. Soil and groundwater are heated by the passage of electrical current through saturated and unsaturated soil between electrodes, not by the electrodes themselves. It is the resistance to the flow of electrical current that results in increased subsurface temperatures, and this is typically applied to the boiling point of water. It is estimated that more than 75 ERH applications have been performed. Capacity to perform these projects has increased over the years, and as many as 15 to 20 of these applications now being performed at any given time, mainly in North America, with some European applications. While the main focus has been to vaporize volatile organic compounds, as one would expect other semi-volatile and non-volatile organic compounds have also been encountered, resulting in observations of chemical and physical reactions that have not been normally incorporated into environmental restoration projects. One such reaction is hydrolysis, which is slow under normal groundwater temperatures, becomes very rapid under temperatures that can easily be achieved using ERH. As a result, these chemical and physical reactions are increasing the applicability of ERH in environmental restoration projects, treating a wider variety of compounds and utilizing biotic and abiotic mechanisms to reduce energy costs. For the treatment of oil and coal tar residues from manufactured gas plants, a process TRS has called steam bubble floatation is used to physically remove the coal and oil tar from the soils for collection using conventional multi-phase collection methods. Heat-enhanced hydrolysis has been used to remediate dichloromethane from soils and groundwater at a site in Illinois, while heat-enhanced biotic and abiotic dehalogenation has been observed at the vast majority of the sites where ERH has been applied. With disposal options becoming more limited around the world, alternate in situ treatment methods for soil and groundwater restoration are becoming more important. Over the 10 years of commercialization of the ERH technology, soil and groundwater remediation mechanisms and processes that were not envisioned by the technology’s developers expand the range of chemicals that have successfully been treated. This paper will discuss these processes and how these processes have been used to effect remediation of soil and groundwater where ERH has been employed.
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Horio, Shohei, Koji Mizutani, Hirobumi Sunayama, Toshifumi Takeuchi, and Keiko Tawa. "New Sensitive Biosensor Platform by Plasmon Field Enhanced Photoreaction and Fluorescence." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleopr.2022.p_cm16_09.
Abstract:
We used the plasmon-enhanced electric field not only as an excitation enhancement field for fluorescence but also as a photochemical reaction field, aiming to create a biosensor platform with highly sensitive detection in the area spatially controlled. The plasmonic chip used has a bull's eye structure with a pitch of 480 nm coated with silver and silica layers, composed of 2000 bull's-eye patterns array. 3-((2-formyl-3-methylphenyl) thio)propanoic acid (O-MBA) was modified on the aminated surface of the plasmonic chip and after exposure to UV light, the intermediates of O-MBA reacted with biotin-maleimide (Biotin-M). Cy5- Streptavidin (Cy5-SA) was added to biotinylated surface as a detection target and detected with transmitted-type fluorescence microscope. A bright fluorescence image was obtained in the Bull's eye pattern within the UV-irradiated spot. This is due to the fluorescence enhancement effect in the Bull's eye pattern and the higher density of binding site by the enhanced photochemical reaction of O-MBA. The calibration curve of fluorescence intensity against the Cy5-SA concentration show that a highly sensitive biosensor platform was constructed by promoting photochemical reactions and enhancing fluorescence.
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Bauer, J. F., M. M. Amro, T. Nassan, and H. Alkan. "Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Geologic Hydrogen Storage." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-23943-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract Safe and effective large-scale storage of hydrogen (H2) is one of the biggest challenges of the global energy transition. The only way to realize this is storage in geological formations. The aim of this study is to address and discuss the reservoir engineering (RE) aspects of geological H2 storage (GHS). The study is based on two sources: first, a comprehensive literature review, and second, experimental and numerical work performed by our institute. The current state of the art regarding the principles of reservoir engineering on the application of GHS is reviewed and summarized. Atypical properties of H2, with its lower density, viscosity and compressibility factor higher than one, increase uncertainties in the definition of capacity, injectivity, and confinement. In addition, the abiotic and biotic reactivity of H2 should be considered in the associated changes in petrophysical properties and molecular mass transfer in subsurface storage formations. Therefore, both geochemistry and reservoir microbiology are inseparable components of reservoir engineering of GHS. The sealing of H2 storage in a porous reservoir with caprock is due to the interplay between potentially higher capillary threshold pressure but higher diffusivity of H2, while the technically impermeable assumption of most deep salt formations can be considered as valid for H2 storage in caverns. Such changes can also affect the injectivity of H2 through plugging or dissolution. Well integrity is of particular concern when abandoned-old gas wells are reused. Especially at higher temperatures, hydrogen can behave more actively to support metal oxidation processes at the casing-cement contact and microbiological activity can promote these reactions. In addition, the permeability of the hardened cement samples to H2 is highly dependent on the effective pressure. An overview of the reservoir engineering aspects of GHS is compiled from recent publications. We integrate key findings with our experimental results to provide essential guidance for front-end engineering and challenges to be addressed in future work. Monitoring of the reservoir pressure, as an indicator of microbial activity, is of great importance. Therefore, measures to control microbial activity have to be drawn, taking into account the site-specific characteristics.
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Vehlow, Corinna, Jan Hasenauer, Andrei Kramer, Julian Heinrich, Nicole Radde, Frank Allgower, and Daniel Weiskopf. "Uncertainty-aware visual analysis of biochemical reaction networks." In 2012 IEEE Symposium on Biological Data Visualization (BioVis). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biovis.2012.6378598.
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Wang, Fei, Jie Su, Hualong Xie, and Xinhe Xu. "Terrain Identification of Intelligent Bionic Leg Based on Ground Reaction Force." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Integration Technology. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icitechnology.2007.4290390.
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Zhang, Jianhua, Zikai Hua, and Shihu Su. "Investigation of New Bionic Therapeutic Lubricants." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44095.
Abstract:
Based on the bionic artificial joint system, new therapeutic bionic lubricants not only for artificial joints lubrication but also for the treatment of particle-induced osteolysis are developed and investigated. In this study, their tribological characteristics and mechanisms are studied. The tribological experimental results show that the therapeutic lubricants have the best anti-wear performance among the lubricants tested in the experiments, such as hyaluronic acid (HA), bovine serum et al. It is found that there is some membrane self-assembled on the surface of the cup which may give a likely answer to the high lubricating performance of the therapeutic lubricants. The calculated film thickness of therapeutic lubricants is about 0.310 μm. The result indicates it is still in the boundary lubrication state. The preliminary biological experiments show that therapeutic lubricants have good biocompatibility. More tests are needed to clarify the form of the membrane and the medical performance of the therapeutic bionic lubricants towards the undesired reactions induced by the wear debris.
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Su, S. H., J. H. Zhang, and D. H. Tao. "Bionic Lubrication System of Artificial Joints: System Design and Mechanics Simulation." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64211.
Abstract:
A new structure of artificial joints with bionic joint capsule was proposed and designed to overcome the feedback of current prostheses that omitted many functions of lubricant and joint capsule. The new structure was composed of three components: therapeutic lubricant, artificial joints and artificial joint capsule. The lubricant sealed by capsule not only can reduce the wear of artificial joints but also can prohibit the wear particles leaking to the body liquid. So the unwilling reactions between the wear particles and liquid may be avoided completely. Meanwhile, a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) model was created for the bionic artificial joints with joint capsule. The effects of capsule thickness and the flexion angels on the stress values and distributions were discussed in detail.
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Koroleva, E. S., P. V. Kuzmitskaya, and O. Yu Urbanovich. "IMPACT OF DROUGHT STRESS ON STRESS-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS APPLE GENES EXPRESSION LEVEL." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-268-271.
Abstract:
Stress-associated proteins (SAP) in many plants are involved in the response to adverse factors of biotic and abiotic nature. In order to study changes in the expression level of SAP genes in apple trees, MM-106 rootstocks were exposed to drought for 24 h. Expression profiles of 14 studied genes encoding SAP were established during the quantitative PCR reaction (qPCR), among which wererevealed of actively expressed under specified conditions. The majority of SAP genes have maximum transcript accumulation by 4 hours of exposure to drought.
Reports on the topic "Biotic reactions":
1
Rittman, Bruce. Biotic Transformations of Organic Contaminants. The Groundwater Project, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/ousn4116.
Abstract:
Biodegradation—the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms—is an important groundwater process that occurs naturally and is especially important for the in situ cleanup of contaminated groundwater. Pollutant biodegradation follows well-established principles that are summarized in this book. The first principle is that the microorganisms must grow and sustain themselves by oxidizing an electron-donor substrate (food) and transferring the electrons to an electron-acceptor substrate (respiration). This electron flow generates energy that the microorganisms use to fuel biomass synthesis. Most pollutants are either an electron acceptor or an electron donor, which means that their biotransformation can grow and sustain the microorganisms. Accordingly, it is critical to understand whether a pollutant is an electron donor or electron acceptor. This book systematically describes the biodegradation mechanisms for common organic pollutants in groundwater: The author identifies if the pollutant behaves as an electron donor or acceptor, and points out when special activation reactions are necessary to initiate biodegradation and put the pollutant into a chemical form that allows it to be an energy-yielding electron donor or acceptor. Special attention is given to organics derived from petroleum and those that have chlorine, fluorine, and nitro substituents.
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Macbeth, Tamzen, Michael Truex, Thomas Powell, and Mandy Michalsen. Combining Low-Energy Electrical Resistance Heating with Biotic and Abiotic Reactions for Treatment of Chlorinated Solvent DNAPL Source Area. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594451.
3
Desbarats, A. J., and J. B. Percival. Hydrogeochemistry of mine tailings from a carbonatite-hosted Nb-REE deposit, Oka, Quebec, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331256.
Abstract:
Environmental impacts associated with the mining of carbonatite deposits are an emerging concern due to the demand for critical metals. This study investigates the chemistry of tailings seepage at the former Saint Lawrence Columbium mine near Oka, Québec, Canada, which produced pyrochlore concentrate and ferroniobium from a carbonatite-hosted Nb-REE deposit. Its objectives are to characterize the mineralogy of the tailings and their pore water and effluent chemistries. Geochemical mass balance modeling, constrained by aqueous speciation modeling and mineralogy, is then used to identify reactions controlling the chemical evolution of pore water along its flow path through the tailings impoundment. The tailings are composed mainly of REE-enriched calcite (82 wt. %), biotite (12 wt. %) and fluorapatite (4 wt. %). Minor minerals include chlorite, pyrite, sphalerite, molybdenite and unrecovered pyrochlore. Secondary minerals include gypsum, barite and strontianite. Within the unsaturated zone, pore water chemistry is controlled by sulfide oxidation and calcite dissolution with acid neutralization. With increasing depth below the water table, pore water composition reflects gypsum dissolution followed by sulfate reduction and FeS precipitation driven by the oxidation of organic carbon in the tailings. Concomitantly, incongruent dissolution of biotite and chlorite releases K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ba and F, forming kaolinite and Ca-smectite. Cation exchange reactions further remove Ca from solution, increasing concentrations of Na and K. Fluoride concentrations reach 23 mg/L and 8 mg/L in tailings pore water and effluent, respectively. At a pH of 8.3, Mo is highly mobile and reaches an average concentration of 83 µg/L in tailings effluent. Although U also forms mobile complexes, concentrations do not exceed 16 µg/L due to the low solubility of its pyrochlore host. Adsorption and the low solubility of pyrochlore limit concentrations of Nb to less than 49 µg/L. Cerium, from calcite dissolution, is strongly adsorbed although it reaches concentrations (unfiltered) in excess of 1 mg/L and 100 µg/L in pore water and effluent, respectively. Mine tailings from carbonatite deposits are enriched in a variety of incompatible elements with mineral hosts of varying reactivity. Some of these elements, such as F and Mo, may represent contaminants of concern because of their mobility in alkaline tailings waters.