Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bioterrorism – Prevention – Government policy'
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Morris, Gehring Alison. "International studies in violence prevention : a policy analysis." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4470.
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Violence is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Drawing on the disciplines of Political Science and Public Health the purpose of this study is to understand the conditions that determine political traction for the issue of violence and facilitate the adoption of a strategy of prevention. Using multiple-case study methodology, it draws on data collected from 42 in-depth semi-structured interviews, eight weeks of direct observations and more than 200 pieces of documentary evidence to examine violence prevention policy development in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, Jamaica and the Republic of Lithuania. The Shiffman Public Health Policy Priority Framework is applied to identify the factors that influenced the advancement of violence prevention policy in each case and to draw cross-case comparisons. The employment of this public health specific framework in the field of violence prevention allows the study to reach conclusions as to the utility of this framework for broader public health policy analysis and to proffer some refinements. Further findings suggest that bringing together academics, advocates and policy- makers into networks, focused on a shared concept of violence, gains political traction for the issue of violence and a strategy of prevention. It is found that the conceptualisation of violence and perception of prevention are framed in a case specific historical context and that an examination of this context is necessary to understand the conditions that shape the status of violence prevention policy. The results suggest that the development of violence prevention policy in other countries would be expedited by the coalescing and informed engagement of the violence prevention policy community in the web of institutions, interests and ideas that underpin the public health policy process.
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Zheng, Yizheng, and 郑一郑. "Coordination of a distributive policy: the case of infection control in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4474965X.
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Ho, Chi-keung Albert, and 何志強. "A policy analysis of the prevention of human infection of Avian Flu inHong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45012428.
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Yau, Wai-keung, and 邱偉強. "A study on fire protection policy in Hong Kong: devolution from bureaucracy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36443311.
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Andersen, Martin. "Consequences of Government Provision and Regulation of Health Insurance." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10534.
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The first two chapters of this dissertation concern the effect of public catastrophic insurance programs. In the first chapter, I show how these programs, which only protect against large health shocks, induce advantageous selection in private insurance. I use data on older Americans with Medicare insurance from the Health and Retirement Study to test if individuals with supplemental private health insurance are systematically lower-risk in states with public catastrophic insurance programs. I find that these programs decrease the average health risk for the privately insured by $700 and that a one standard deviation increase in an individual’s health risk decreases her probability of having private insurance by 4 percentage points. In the second chapter, I show that these programs reduce the incentive to invest in risk-reducing activities. I find large decreases in self-protection after a program is introduced and that individuals for whom the program is less generous are more likely to engage in self-protection. These effects are stronger for women than for men and apply to a variety of investments in health, including decisions about smoking, obesity, and cancer screening. The third chapter considers a different form of government intervention in insurance markets. In this chapter, I study laws mandating that employer-sponsored health insurance provide coverage for mental illness. I show that industries for which mental health coverage became more generous had larger increases in the average mental distress of their insured workforce. Part of the increase in generosity was due to regulations mandating coverage of mental health benefits. I then show that these regulations affected the behavior of individuals in the labor market—individuals who value more generous mental health benefits and switch jobs work longer hours after these regulations take effect, but individuals who do not value mental health benefits decrease their labor supply. These results are consistent with firms cutting back on their demand for labor due to the cost of the mandate, which leads to lower wages and a decrease in labor supply by individuals who do not value mental health benefits, but an increase in labor supply by individuals who do value mental
health benefits highly.
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Au, Yeung Man-bun Francis, and 歐陽文彬. "An examination of policy entrepreneur using the case study central slaughtering policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46779334.
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Lee, Pui-chun Dinah, and 李佩珍. "An evaluation of the Social Welfare Department's policy to control or limit substance abuse." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965301.
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Parry, Charles, and Bronwyn Myers. "Beyond the rhetoric : towards a more effective and humane drug policy framework in South Africa." Health and Medical Publishing Group (HMPG), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18783.
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The original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaThe March 2011 Anti-Substance Abuse Summit in Durban continued the outdated approach to policy around illicit drugs in South Africa. It missed opportunities for discussing how to impact significantly on the health and social harms associated with problematic drug use and reduce the burden of drug-related cases in the criminal justice system. The government needs to move away from the political rhetoric of a ‘drug-free society’ and start the real work of formulating and implementing an evidence-based drug policy that learns from the experiences of other countries around decriminalising drug use; takes into account differences in the harms resulting from different classes of drugs; adopts a rights-based, public health approach to policy; and identifies a single (accountable) agency that has the authority to oversee policy implementation. In addition, consensus is needed on the short-, medium- and long-term priorities for drug policy implementation. The 17 evidence-based drug policy strategies identified by Babor et al. may serve as a useful starting point for policy development.
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Lam, Yu-chau, and 林雨舟. "A study of the drainage policy in the context of flood prevention in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965908.
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Stoneham, Melissa J. "Healthy public policy in local government facilitating and inhibiting factors: Shade creation as a case study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36761/1/36761_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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Sun safe behaviour is a modifiable behaviour and therefore the potential for change is large. Targeted interventions that use multi-strategy or healthy public policy approaches may be successful at increasing sun safe behaviours and creating supportive environments that promote positive health outcomes. This research considered sun safety, and more specifically shade creation, within the domain of public places that integrate human leisure-time exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). It was felt that the potential for behaviour change through the adoption of healthy public policy was probably greatest in this domain. Specifically this research considered the creation of shade as a complementary strategy to individual sun safe behaviours, and investigated how best local governments can create shade at public facilities. Policy considerations that have the potential to increase shade creation were identified within the many activities at the local government level. For example, legislation and regulations that control a community's infrastructure may be modified to mandate shade for walkways, public parks and swimming pools for new communities. Policy changes may also promote or change behaviours related to sun safety. Authors have stated that strategies such as governmental legislation and policies that are being used to diffuse an innovation should be investigated to determine the factors that have played crucial roles in the process (Oldenburg, Hardcastle & Kok, 1997a). This research considered these comments and aimed to identify public health efforts to increase shade that expanded beyond targeting individuals, to include activities that create complex changes in community design and facilities through the introduction of healthy public policies.
Aims: The research described in this thesis was designed to provide local governments throughout Australia, and more specifically Queensland, with information and a model of how best to develop and adopt healthy public policy to ensure public health issues that had no legal standing were integrated into their core business.
An important aspect of the study was to investigate local governments that were at different stages of the policy process to enable the identification of a range of inhibiting and facilitating factors.
Methods: This research relied on case studies of local governments that examined the variables such as policy design, key stakeholders, resources, sources of diffusion, community involvement, environment receptivity, policy outcomes and barriers to successful healthy public policy development, adoption and where possible, implementation. In total, fifteen local governments were included in this study.
Qualitative research methods were used extensively to gather data within each case study setting. Open-ended questionnaires were used to target three groups of professionals. These included key informants, additional stakeholders and professionals external to the local government setting. Key informants were identified as the primary policy adopter. Additional stakeholders had the potential to influence shade creation within the Local government context, and the professionals external to the local government were identified as being able to assist in developing, adopting and implementing shade creation policies within the community setting.
Data were predominantly analysed through content analysis where major themes were identified in responses, coded and counted to identify the leading trends.
Relation to Previous Work: All Queensland local governments (n=125) were forwarded a copy of "Shade Creation for Local Government - Policy Guidelines" (AIEH, 1995) which contained a model shade creation policy, in 1995. This dissemination occurred prior to this research commencing.
Results: This research subsequent to this dissemination of information identified a number of facilitating and inhibiting factors for the development and adoption of healthy public policy at the local government level. The facilitating factors that promoted policy development and adoption included the nature and position of local government within the community, the perceived priority of the policy process, the disposition of local government Officers and the extent of community or external stakeholder input. Five primary barriers to the development and adoption of healthy public policy at the local level included deficiencies in policy design, inadequate political support, organisational barriers, resource constraints and external factors such as the risk of vandalism.
Based on these findings a systems model was developed with the objective of guiding the development and adoption of healthy public policy at the local level.
Conclusion: This research identified that although many local governments have been creating shade for many years, this has been occurring on an ad hoc basis, without support from formal policies or procedures. Without formal policy, there is little galvanising infrastructure to ensure shade creation activities occur into the future, regardless of staffing levels and interests or funding.
This research investigated this process and identified a number of factors that inhibit and facilitate the healthy public policy process in the local government setting.
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Tusikov, Natasha Marie. "Chokepoints : internet intermediaries and the private regulation of counterfeit goods on the internet." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/125030.
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This dissertation examines non-state regulation on the Internet, specifically the capacity of corporate actors to create private regulatory arrangements and the degree to which those efforts may rely upon the state. It critically traces the interactions and inter-dependencies between corporate actors and the state through the lens of corporate online anti-counterfeiting enforcement efforts. Between 2010 and 2013, small groups of multinational corporations and government officials from the United States, United Kingdom and the European Commission created a global private regulatory regime to control websites selling counterfeit goods. In this regime, for the first time, major U.S.-based Internet firms, like Google and PayPal, adopted so-called "voluntary best practices" agreements that guide their regulation of these websites on behalf of rights holders. This project examines eight of these agreements that pertain to five Internet sectors: advertising, domain name, marketplace, payment, and search services. In this particular case of private regulation, the state plays a strong, even central role. "Voluntary agreements" are a deliberate misnomer as government actors, acting in concert with rights holders, employed varying degrees of coercion to pressure major Internet firms and payment providers to adopt industry-derived best practices. Despite these coercive elements, however, there are common financial and reputational interests between rights holders and Internet firms. More importantly, these agreements serve strategic economic and national security interests, particularly those of the United States. The U.S. government, the principal architect of the regime, has interests in the protection of intellectual property because of its large stable of successful rights holders. In addition, it has national security interests in tapping into the vast troves of personal and commercial data that firms, such as Google and Yahoo, collect from their users. Corporate agreements to regulate the online distribution of counterfeit goods speak to private regulation on the Internet more generally. This dissertation contends that large corporate actors-both rights holders and Internet firms-can act as arbiters on the legality of technologies, services and applications on the Internet. In doing so, they can have significant influence in determining what types of new technologies and services prosper and which fail. Corporate anti-counterfeiting efforts demonstrate not only the considerable regulatory capacity of these Internet firms but also state and corporate interests in working with these firms to set rules and standards that govern Internet services.
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Tam, Shu-tong Estee, and 譚樹棠. "Judicial crisis in Hong Kong: a case study ofCheung Tze-Keung." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979051.
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Stocking, Galen Asher Thomas. "The threat of cyberterrorism: Contemporary consequences and prescriptions." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2590.
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This study researches the varying threats that emanate from terrorists who carry their activity into the online arena. It examines several elements of this threat, including virtual to virtual attacks and threats to critical infrastructure that can be traced to online sources. It then reports on the methods that terrorists employ in using information technology such as the internet for propaganda and other communication purposes. It discusses how the United States government has responded to these problems, and concludes with recommendations for best practices.
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Jansen, Pia Therese. "The consequences of Israel's counter terrorism policy." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/439.
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陳素娥 and So-ngor Chan. "Designing institutions for inter-agency cooperation: a study of landslide management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225706.
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Au, Wing-hung, and 區永雄. "A study of the feasibility of hiving off the services provided by the Buildings Department in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965696.
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Chan, Pui-sim Joyce, and 陳佩嬋. "An analysis of agenda-setting: regional/central slaughtering scheme in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36519121.
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Weeks, Douglas M. "Radicals and reactionaries : the polarisation of community and government in the name of public safety and security." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3416.
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The contemporary threat of terrorism has changed the ways in which government and the public view the world. Unlike the existential threat from nation states in previous centuries, today, government and the public spend much of their effort looking for the inward threat. Brought about by high profile events such as 9/11, 7/7, and 3/11, and exacerbated by globalisation, hyper-connected social spheres, and the media, the threats from within are reinforced daily. In the UK, government has taken bold steps to foment public safety and public security but has also been criticised by some who argue that government actions have labelled Muslims as the ‘suspect other'. This thesis explores the counter-terrorism environment in London at the community/government interface, how the Metropolitan Police Service and London Fire Brigade deliver counter-terrorism policy, and how individuals and groups are reacting. It specifically explores the realities of the lived experience of those who make up London's ‘suspect community' and whether or not counter-terrorism policy can be linked to further marginalisation, radicalism, and extremism. By engaging with those that range from London's Metropolitan Police Service's Counterterrorism Command (SO15) to those that make up the radical fringe, an ethnographic portrait is developed. Through that ethnographic portrait the ‘ground truth' and complexities of the lived experience are made clear and add significant contrast to the aseptic policy environment.
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Dalby, Andrew K. "European integrationist influences on member states' counter-terrorist co-operation and co-ordination." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14394.
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Under the competences of the European Union's intergovernmentally controlled Justice and Home Affairs policy, counter-terrorist co-operation and co-ordination of efforts have progressed at a rapid pace following the 11 September attacks on the USA. Given, however, that Europe has experienced entrenched terrorist campaigns for the past three decades, one could be forgiven for questioning, in light of the unique co-operative position of Western Europe, why it has taken so long for the membership of the EU to reach a common definition of terrorism. Also why is it that even now, the EU has failed to develop a common policy against terrorism? Political explanations are traditional responses to such questions, but there is a risk of underestimating the complexities of the European Project, and the effect which this has had on so many areas of transnational co-operation. By focusing therefore on the often-overlooked role played by European integration on counter-terrorist co-operation, in addition to empirical analysis of the efficiency of the co-operative structures, we place ourselves in a more beneficial position to understand the current situation. Intergovernmentalism, the controlling force of JHA co-operation, we find is not mutually exclusive to law-enforcement co-operation. Two theories tested for supranational influences - neo-functionalism and federalism - have also played their part, from the early 1960s onwards, in facilitating co-operation. The historical emphasis is important, because co-operation prior to the regulation of much of this area within the EU, following the Treaties of Economic Union, provides us with ample material for analysis and greater insight into the JHA process and counter-terrorism. Intergovernmentalism has helped push counter-terrorist co-operation along, but equally we find that it now serves as a hindrance in completing its development because of its in-built tendency to retain subsidiarity. Counter terrorist co-operation, we conclude, need not be restricted to intergovernmental control any longer.
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Mhango, Mabatho Evelyn. "Guidelines for integrated social work practice in the empowernment of abused women : A case study in Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/819.
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Berger, Michael Andrew. "How resisting democracies can defeat substate terrorism : formulating a theoretical framework for strategic coercion against nationalistic substate terrorist organizations." Thesis, St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/889.
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Malinowska-Sempruch, Kasia. "Hiv among drug users in poland; the paradoxes of an epidemic." Thesis, Columbia University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3610085.
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Since 1988 when the first HIV positive drug user was identified in Poland, for close to two decades, the predominant route of HIV transmission has been through injecting drug use. In mid 2000s, Polish officials reported that injecting drug use no longer contributed to incrasing HIV incidence. The consequences of such a statement are that many of the structural and personal risks associated with HIV infection go unaddressed, that drug users are neglected by HIV prevention efforts, that HIV treatment is not made available to drug users and that the policy environment does not adequately support effective public health initiatives. This case study is based on documentation, archival records, interviews, participant observation, and physical artifacts shows that these assertions were made, and continue to be repeated, in a highly political context. Poland is a post-socialist state with strong neoliberal leanings, and it is highly invested in successful integration with the European Union. Powerful Catholic Church serves as an important backdrop. While people considered "at risk" now have more freedom to conduct their lives, they also have a set of neoliberal expectations and religious pressures placed on them. Country's geographic location adds to this complexity - situated between "Old Europe" where HIV problem has been successfully contained and the former Soviet Union, where the HIV incidence among drug users is the highest in the world, Poland attempts to align itself with the success of the West. Furthermore, examination of the available data suggests that the assertions made by Polish officials omit numerous variables. My research shows that even though Polish leadership in the area of HIV and drug policy wishes to resemble Western Europe, Poland does not meet international standards for the prevention of HIV transmission. The interviews I conducted, as well as the review of the literature on drug and HIV policies and programs suggest that these services are scattered, often unavailable, and that their number is stagnating, at best, and in some cases, even decreasing. This maybe a direct result of lack of engagement of drug users in their design. Excluded from the discussion of risk, drug users are thus not the focus of prevention efforts. Based on gathered data, there are seven crucial issues that require immediate action if Poland is to manage HIV prevention and care for people who use drugs in a manner consistent with the international standards. The areas requiring action are: a change in the drug policy from the current very punitive approach, expansion of needle and syringe programs and other harm reduction services, improved data collection and an increase in the availability of HIV testing, scaled-up substitution treatment, improved quality of other forms of drug treatment, greater investment in civil society organizations, improved access to HIV treatment, and educational and training efforts that encourage greater attention to HIV related matters across disciplines.
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Ibrahim, Seriki Idowu. "Factors affecting the implementation of HIV/AIDS awareness programmes in universities : a case study of selected university in Eastern Cape Province - South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1818.
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Many studies have been carried out on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Despite these giant stride (HIV) and (AIDS) have remained a great threat to human existence across the globe. Studies have shown that South Africa has the largest number of people with (HIV) and (AIDS) in Southern Africa. This study examined the factors influencing the implementation of (HIV) and (AIDS) A quantitative research design was adopted in the study. Two hundred and fifty nine subjects were involved in the study (259) this consisted of the University of Fort Hare Alice Campus in Eastern Cape Province. Five hypotheses were generated and tested in the study at 0.05 alpha levels. This study made use of descriptive and hypothesis testing analysis. Descriptive statistics such as the mean, mode, median and the frequency distribution graphs were also used. The study also revealed that there are factors influencing the implementation of HIV/AIDS awareness Programmes at the university of Fort Hare Alice campus F = 9.233, df = 4, 247 and p-value = 0.000, The University of Fort Hare do effectively implement HIV/AIDS policies and programmes. F = 10.765, df = 4, 247 and p-value = 0.000 . There are factors affecting the implementation of HIV/AIDS policies and programmes at university of Fort Hare Alice campus F = 2.207, df = 4, 247 and p-value = 0.069, There are significant difference on the factors affecting the implementation of HIV/AIDS policies and programmes within university Fort Hare Alice campus Chi-square statistic test: = 84.035, df= 16 and p-value = 0.000 (Pearson Chi-square), There are ways to improving the implementation of HIV/AIDS policies and programmes in university of Fort Hare Alice campus. F = 9.233, df = 4, 247 and p-value = 0.000, However, this study recommended that there is need to review the existing policy on (HIV) and (AIDS), the incorporation of (HIV) and (AIDS) awareness programme in the first year curriculum.
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Teixeira, Júnior Geraldo Alves 1984. "Razão de Estado e política antiterrorismo nos Estados Unidos." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280911.
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Orientador: Roberto Romano da SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: O pensamento sobre a razão de Estado pode ser dito fundamental para a política moderna, já que seu desenvolvimento inicial coincide com o do próprio surgimento do Estado. Onde crescia a razão de Estado, crescia o Estado, que por sua vez fomentava aquela política. Acusada de ocorrer à revelia da moral, essa circularidade e o acúmulo de poder que ela envolve foi certamente responsável por consolidar o Estado como instituição quaseuniversal. A consolidação das instituições estatais não extinguiu, contudo, a razão de Estado, que como técnica de poder ou como pretensa racionalidade superior acompanhou os distintos momentos da política. A presente pesquisa examina inicialmente o contexto histórico e intelectual que originou o pensamento sobre a razão de Estado a fim de permitir uma visão panorâmica do tema na teoria política. Após o estudo histórico discorre-se sobre os diversos elementos que compõem este tema e analisa-se os modos pelos quais eles operam na prática política. Nesta primeira parte são utilizados diversos textos de reconhecidos estudiosos do pensamento político, como Friedrich Meinecke, Carl J. Friedrich, Quentin Skinner e Michel Senellart, mas recorre-se também diretamente aos textos históricos de Nicolau Maquiavel, Giovanni Botero, Thomas Hobbes e Gabriel Naudé. No estágio seguinte aplica-se o estudo inicial a um caso concreto. São estudadas algumas ações políticas e jurídicas do governo dos Estados Unidos, assim como leis criadas para combater o terrorismo, notavelmente aquelas que entraram em vigor após os ataques que o país sofreu em 11 de setembro de 2001. Antes de abordar o ponto central recupera-se fatores históricos que influenciaram os rumos do Estado americano e alguns eventos que constituem precedentes importantes da política antiterror. Após a devida contextualização, o trabalho centra-se na análise de uma lei de 2001, o Patriot Act, e nas ações estatais que ela possibilitou nos anos seguintes. Na segunda parte do trabalho utiliza-se, além de textos acadêmicos, artigos jornalísticos, documentos oficiais do governo americano, textos de leis, jurisprudência e relatórios e declarações de setores da sociedade civil e de comentadores de temas jurídicos. O exame da doutrina da razão de Estado, aplicado ao caso específico dos Estados Unidos no referido contexto corrobora a tese, pormenorizada no capítulo conclusivo, de que as recentes formas de combate ao terrorismo recuperam e fortalecem o pensamento sobre a razão de Estado, agora na situação particular dos Estados liberais-democráticos
Abstract: Reason of State theories might be considered fundamental to modern politics for its beginning occurs together with the emergence of States themselves. Where reason of State was rising, it helped the State growth that, in turn, stimulated reason of State policies. Criticized for having put aside moral concerns, such circularity and the accumulation of power it produces may be pointed as an important cause leading to the consolidation of the State as a quasi-universal institution. Nonetheless, the States did not extinguished reason of State after being consolidated. As techniques or as a specific rationality it was adapted for each new context of politics. This work starts by investigating the historical and intellectual context that gave birth to reason of State in order to show a panoramic view of the theme in the political theory. After the historical study I analyse several elements which constitutes reason of State and I present how they operate in political practice. For this first part several texts of recognized academics of political thought are used, such as Friedrich Meinecke, Carl J. Friedrich, Quentin Skinner and Michel Senellart, but I also resort to the historical texts of Niccolo Machiavelli, Giovanni Botero, Thomas Hobbes and Gabriel Naudé. At the next stage the previous study is applied to a concrete case. I analyse political and judicial actions of the American government and some legislation created to combat terrorism, particularly those that went in force after the attacks the country suffered on September 11, 2001 (9/11). Before dealing with the main point I present historical events which have influenced the course of the United States politics and some important precedents of the anti-terror policies. After proper contextualization the study is focused on the 2001 law called Patriot Act and on the state actions it has authorized in the years that followed its creation. In the second part, besides academic texts and news articles, I make use of official documents, statute texts, judicial cases, reports and declarations of civil society organizations and of legal themes' commentators. The study of reason of State doctrine applied to the specific case of the United States at the mentioned context corroborates the thesis addressed at the conclusive chapter stating that the recent anti-terror policies revive and strengthen reason of State thought, now acting at the particular situation of liberal democracies
Doutorado
Filosofia
Doutor em Filosofia
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Coady, Allison Marie. "Examining the role of preventive diplomacy in South Africa’s foreign policy towards Zimbabwe, 2000-2009." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25681.
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The recent political conflict in Zimbabwe has attracted the attention of policymakers, academics and the media alike in the neighbouring countries of the region, across the African continent and internationally. While the story of an ageing African liberation hero turned dictator who, through autocratic rule, has governed his country and his people to the ground in order to maintain power is captivating, a key element of the fascination is the critical diplomatic role played by South Africa from 2000 onward. Foreign policy in post-apartheid South Africa on paper is driven by human rights and democracy, conflict prevention and conflict resolution through peaceful means, and the promotion of African interests in world affairs. However, after observing South Africa’s involvement in the Zimbabwe conflict between 2000 and 2009, South Africa’s foreign policy appears to be propelled more by African solidarity and sovereignty, anti-imperialism, and a softer interpretation of preventive diplomacy than its international counterparts. Thabo Mbeki’s preventive diplomacy toward Zimbabwe during his presidency was slow to produce results, lacked transparency and frustrated many, yet, when examined under a preventive diplomacy theoretical lens, Mbeki’s policy did eventually garner success through the signing of the Global Political Agreement (GPA) and the formation of an inclusive government in Zimbabwe. This dissertation examines the role of preventive diplomacy in South Africa’s foreign policy toward Zimbabwe under Mbeki’s leadership and determines the point at which South Africa switched from an approach of preventive diplomacy to one of conflict resolution and conflict management. The concept of ‘preventive diplomacy’ is often focused on government-to-government relations or the high level diplomacy of intergovernmental organizations such as the United Nations (UN). Multi-track diplomacy expands on this traditional interpretation and considers the preventive diplomacy contributions of a variety of non-state actors to the practice of conflict prevention. This dissertation uniquely moulds the preventive diplomacy theoretical framework of Michael Lund with Kumar Rupesinghe’s concept of multi-track diplomacy to form a more comprehensive illustration of the role of preventive diplomacy in the approach of multiple actors towards the Zimbabwe conflict. The more inclusive preventive diplomacy theoretical framework is then applied to the conflict in Zimbabwe between 2000 and 2009. Through the application of a preventive diplomacy framework which incorporates the concept of multi-track diplomacy it is then possible to observe the South African government’s preventive diplomacy approach toward Zimbabwe first between 2000 and 2007 and then as mandated by SADC between 2007 and 2009 and finally compare it with the diplomacy of multi-track actors such as the UN, Zimbabwe-based and South African-based civil society organizations, the Zimbabwean Diaspora, religious groups, and financial institutions. The examination of the larger role of preventive diplomacy in the Zimbabwe conflict situation leads to the understanding that each diplomatic effort is interlinked. Therefore the culminating event of the South African government’s preventive diplomacy approach in the Global Political Agreement could not have been achieved without the preventive diplomacy efforts of a multitude of actors who were also committed to preventing violence and finding a lasting solution to the conflict in Zimbabwe.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Political Sciences
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Porto, Gláucia Pina Guimarães. "Crenças e percepções das mulheres saudáveis sobre câncer de mama: uma revisão sistemática da literatura." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20988.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Understanding breast health from needs and conditions in a socially contextualized way can be a way to develop consistent public policies for the promotion of breast and woman health as a tool for the prevention and early detection of breast cancer through institutions and organizations committed to social development in combating the disease. The overall objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding the beliefs and perceptions that healthy women have about breast cancer. The research problem arose from the observation of the psychosocioeducational difficulties of women in cases of breast cancer, as well as for preventive care and early detection of the disease, for approximately two years, in a pilot project of health intervention with emphasis on the public roles of women in the fight against breast cancer, through an intervention research with a multidisciplinary character. The method was the systematic review of literature. The initial selection of articles was done through the reading of the title and abstract, and the exclusion of duplicate results was performed by the identification of the main author. As an inclusion criterion for the analysis of the results, the strength of evidence of the selected studies was summarized and the relevance of the most interesting descriptors was considered, aiming at the accomplishment of a qualitative synthesis. From 2,926 studies found, 96.24% were mastectomized women, and 2.90% were eligible studies whose study object considers behaviors of healthy women, their beliefs, perceptions and / or knowledge about prevention and early detection of the disease . The results indicate that the production of knowledge about the problem is scarce, with consequences on the limits of changing beliefs and perceptions about breast cancer. The reassignment of healthy women on breast cancer based on correct information can increase the rate of detection of the disease, which can avoid many deaths, and reduce the expenditure of public funds with treatments for advanced diagnoses. This change in attitude makes it possible for early detection not to be seen as a threat but as the best path to health
Compreender a saúde da mama a partir das necessidades e condições de forma contextualizada socialmente pode ser uma via para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas consistentes de promoção da saúde das mamas e da mulher, como ferramenta de prevenção e detecção precoce do câncer de mama, por meio de instituições e organizações comprometidas com o desenvolvimento social em combater a doença. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi de realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura a respeito de crenças e percepções que as mulheres saudáveis possuem sobre câncer de mama. O problema de pesquisa surgiu a partir da observação das dificuldades psicossocioeducacionais de mulheres frente aos casos de câncer de mama e também para realização dos cuidados preventivos e de detecção precoce da doença, durante aproximadamente dois anos, em um projeto piloto de intervenção em saúde, com ênfase nos papéis públicos das mulheres no combate ao câncer de mama, por meio de uma pesquisa-intervenção com caráter multidisciplinar. O método foi o da revisão sistemática de literatura. A seleção inicial dos artigos se deu por meio da leitura do título e resumo, e a exclusão dos resultados duplicados foi realizada pela identificação do autor principal. Como critério de inclusão para análise dos resultados, a força de evidência dos estudos selecionados foi sumarizada e a relevância dos descritores de maior interesse foi considerada, visando a realização de uma síntese qualitativa. Entre os 2.926 estudos encontrados 96,24% tinham como objeto de estudo mulheres mastectomizadas, e 2,90% foram estudos elegíveis cujo objeto de estudo considere comportamentos de mulheres saudáveis, suas crenças, percepções e/ou conhecimentos sobre prevenção e detecção precoce da doença. Os resultados indicam que a produção de conhecimento sobre o problema é escassa, com consequências nos limites quanto à mudança de crenças e percepções sobre câncer de mama. A ressignificação da mulher saudável sobre câncer de mama com base em informações corretas pode aumentar o índice de detecção da doença, o que pode evitar muitas mortes, além de reduzir o gasto de verbas públicas com tratamentos para diagnósticos avançados. Esta mudança de atitude possibilita que a detecção precoce não seja vista mais como ameaça, mas como o melhor caminho para a saúde
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Manalo, Eusaquito P. "The Philippine response to terrorism: the ABU Sayyaf Group /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FManalo.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Security Building in Post Cinflict Environments)--Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2004.Thesis Advisor(s): Gaye Christoffersen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-91). Also available online.
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Nthinya, Bojoalo Cynthia. "Implementation of workplace HIV/AIDS policies and programmes by small and medium enterprises in Masery." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79922.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An alarming rate of HIV/AIDS in the country has compelled the Government of Lesotho to make changes in the labour act; to accommodate HIV/AIDS in the workplace. In order to assist businesses in complying with the labour Act requirements, the Government put in place guidelines, aimed at assisting businesses in the development and implementation of workplace HIV/AIDS policies and programmes. However, it has been observed SMEs have not been utilising these guidelines. The purpose of the study therefore is to establish the level of knowledge SMEs have about the Government guidelines; to determine whether they have existing workplace HIV/AIDS policies; and establish the challenges SMEs face in using the guidelines to implement workplace HIV/AIDS policies and programmes; with the purpose of providing guidelines for support in the implementation of workplace HIV/AIDS policies. The results show 46.7% and 46% of employers and employees respectively is not aware of the guidelines. There were only five managers who indicated they have policy in place. Only 21 employees were aware of the existence of HIV/AIDS workplace policies at their work. There were various challenges that were stipulated by the SMEs. Some businesses pointed out they did have the expertise and financial strength to develop and implement HIV/AIDS workplace policies. Further it was stated the guidelines were not clear, therefore could not be put in practice. It is therefore essential to ensure training is provided to SMEs and their employees; to ensure they do understand what is required of them. It is also imperative to make sure those who are in financial need are also assisted. The other important aspect that needs to be addressed during training is why HIV/AIDS should be treated as a workplace issue. This will enlighten SMEs on the importance of developing and implementing workplace policies and programmes. Thus they will understand the benefits of effective management of HIV/AIDS in the workplace; which can be brought about by effective HIV/AIDS policies and programmes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Kommerwekkende koers van MIV/VIGS in die land het die Lesotho regering gedwing om veranderinge in die Arbeids wet aan te bring, om sodoende MIV/VIGS in die werkplek te akkomodeer. Om besighede te help om die Arbeids wet se riglyne na te kom, het die regering sekere riglyne in plek gestel wat daarop gemik is om MIV/VIGS programme te ontwikkel en implementeer in die werkplek. Dit is egter opgemerk dat KMG ondernemings nie die riglyne toe pas nie. Die doel van die studie is dus om vas te stel wat die vlak van kennis die KMG’s het in verband met die regering se riglyne; of hulle enige bestaande MIV/VIGS beleide in plek het en om die eise wat die implementering van die riglyne om ‘n MIV/VIGS beleid in die werkplek stel. Die doel is dus om die riglyne te voorsien wat die implementering van werkplek MIV/VIGS beleid ondersteun. Die resultate toon dat 46.7% en 46% van werkgewers en werknemers onderskeidelik, nie bewus is van die riglyne nie. Daar was slegs 5 bestuurders wat aangedui het dat daar wel ‘n beleid in plek is. Net 21 werknemers was bewus van die MIV/VIGS beleid by hul werk. Verskeie uitdagings is deur die KMG’s uitgewys. Sommige besighede het aangedui dat hulle wel die kennis en finansies om die MIV/VIGS beleid te ontwikkel en te implementer. Verder is ook aangedui dat die riglyne nie duidelik is nie en daarom nie geimplementeer kon word nie. Dit is daarom noodsaaklik om te verseker dat opleiding verskaf word aan die KMG’s en hul werknemers, om te verseker dat hulle verstaan wat van hulle verwag word. Ook is dit noodsaaklik dat persone wat finansiele hulp benodig ondersteun moet word. ‘n Ander belangrike aspek wat aangespreek moet word tydens opleiding is hoe MIV/VIGS behandel moet word in die werkplek. Dit sal vir KMG’s verlig hoe belangrik die ontwikkeling en implementeering van werkplak beleid en programme is. Sodoende sal hulle die voordele van effektiewe bestuur van MIV/VIGS in die werkplek, wat deur effektiewe MIV/VIGS beleid en programme te weeg gebring kan word, beter verstaan.
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Denis, Benjamin. "La politique internationale du climat: analyse du processus de construction du cadre international de lutte contre le réchauffement global." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210881.
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Notre recherche a consisté à poser la politique internationale du climat comme une politique publique et à montrer quelles étaient les dynamiques et les acteurs étant intervenus dans sa construction. Nous nous sommes en particulier attelé à mettre en exergue l'univers de sens ( "référentiel") à partir duquel les dispositifs de cette politique ont été élaborés, ainsi que la manière dont la dynamique d'opposition des intérêts propre aux négociations internationales s'y articulait.Doctorat en sciences politiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Boal, Ashley Lynn. "Batterer Intervention Programs' Response to State Standards." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1504.
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The study of policy implementation has recently garnered research and federal attention highlighting the importance of implementation in achieving desired policy and program outcomes (Durlak & DuPre, 2008; Meyers, Durlak & Wandersman, 2012; National Institutes of Health, 2013). Psychology is one discipline that is well poised to guide the study of policy implementation as it can inform the creation, development, and outcomes associated with the introduction of a policy (Esses & Dovidio, 2011; Fischhoff, 1990). Given that batterer intervention programs (BIPs) have been developed to prevent future intimate partner violence (IPV) and improve victim safety, ensuring these programs have successfully implemented state standards for practice is immensely important. Despite the widespread use of state standards to guide BIP practices (Maiuro & Eberle, 2008), only one study (Boal, 2010) has assessed the extent to which BIPs comply with standards and no research has evaluated program responses to standards or the process by which implementation occurs. Given this, the current study focused on four areas of inquiry: (1) program compliance with state standards; (2) current and former BIP representatives' response to standards, including the social psychological constructs of actual control, perceived control, retrospective accounts of attitude change, absoluteness, and legitimacy; (3) program compliance as it relates to these responses; and (4) the process of implementing standards. In order to address these topics, key program representatives were assessed using a sequential mixed-methods design, which consisted of a preliminary quantitative phase (i.e., Phase One) (n = 35, response rate = 74%) and principal qualitative phase (i.e., Phase Two) (current providers: n = 13, response rate = 87%; former providers: n = 5, response rate = 100%) (Morgan, 1998). Findings from Phase One indicate that programs complied with 75% of the assessed components of standards. Phase Two findings suggest that participants primarily voiced experiences with the standards consistent with a lack of actual control, perceived control, and legitimacy. Contrary to hypotheses a statistically reliable difference in actual control, perceived control, and legitimacy were not detected across high and low compliance participants. Participants retrospectively described responses to the standards consistent with changing and maintaining negative attitudes towards the standards (31% and 31% respectively) and as hypothesized, those who shifted negative initial attitudes to be positive (i.e., a proxy for rationalization) were primarily from high compliance programs (75%) and those who maintained negative attitudes (i.e., a proxy for reactance) were all from low compliance programs (100%). While participants generally perceived the standards as primarily absolute, this construct did not differentiate those who changed and maintained negative attitudes as predicted. Participants' utilized diverse strategies to implement the standards and have changed or attempted to change many program characteristics to better comply with state standards. Participants have experienced diverse enablers to compliance (e.g., positive community collaborations; participation in the research process) and barriers to compliance (e.g., negative or lack of community collaborations; challenges understanding the standards) while attempting to implement standards. Suggestions to better facilitate compliance aligned with the enablers and barriers and centered on the need for positive information-sharing relationships among providers. Finally, former providers tended to disagree that the standards were the primary reason for program closure. Together, these findings provide valuable insight into the manifestation of common social psychological constructs during the policy implementation process, as well as information regarding the logistics of implementation. The information gathered in this study can be applied to better understand the role of actual control, perceived control, retrospective accounts of attitude change, absoluteness, and legitimacy, as they are experienced in the real world in relation to an actual policy. This extends the study of these constructs out of a laboratory and experimental context and suggests aspects of these constructs that may be relevant in applied settings. Further, data regarding the policy implementation process is useful to inform policymakers about the diverse steps that can be taken to assist implementation efforts and increase compliance.
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Lastimado, Antonio R. "The Armed Forces of the Philippines and Special Operations." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1227.
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Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited.Since World War II, the Philippines has confronted threats from communist insurgents, Muslim secessionists, and a few other agitators. Recently, however, a new threat has emerged-- this time coming from a terrorist organization known as the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG). Although the ASG is a relatively small group, it has wrought great injury to the Philippine image as of late. Common among the groups presenting a threat to internal security are that their strategies and tactics tend to be unconventional and asymmetric. This thesis seeks to determine how special operations can improve the AFP's capability to address internal security threats. The study begins by examining the security environments in which the AFP currently operates, and then proceeds to study emerging security environments in which it will likely operate. The current special operations capability of the AFP is explored and assessed, while inquiring whether it needs enhancing. Case studies of past AFP special operations against groups which posed major internal threats are analyzed to determine whether or not the doctrine and strategy of the AFP was correct, especially regarding its use of Special Operations Forces (SOF). Furthermore, this study considers the United States (U.S.) model for special operations, namely the U.S. Special Operations Forces, in proposing a special operations strategy for the AFP that is feasible, suitable, and sustainable. It is suggested that such an examination will produce a strategy that is relevant, adaptable, and responsive to dealing with the internal security environments likely to be encountered by the Philippine government.
Major, Philippine Army
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Meyer, Aric. "FISA and warrantless wire-tapping: Does FISA conform to Fourth Amendment standards?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9838/.
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Electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes was largely unregulated prior to 1978. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (hereinafter "FISA") was enacted to implement a judicial authorization process for foreign intelligence electronic surveillance that would effectively balance competing needs for national security and civil liberty under the Fourth Amendment. This study examines the evolution of FISA and its effectiveness under the Fourth Amendment, as assessed by federal reviewing courts and scholars since the statute's enactment. The study concludes that the FISA electronic surveillance authorization process has been effective in providing a constitutional mechanism to obtain foreign intelligence information.
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De, Wouters De Bouchout Charlotte. "Le renforcement des capacités entre autonomisation et contrôle: le cas de la politique publique de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA au Sénégal." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209266.
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Le renforcement des capacités favorise-t-il le contrôle ou l’autonomisation ?Est-il un moyen ou une fin ?Le renforcement des capacités est un objet d’étude contemporain qui génère de nombreux débats. Cette thèse y apporte une contribution en analysant le contenu et la portée des processus de renforcement des capacités développés par et pour les acteurs de la société civile engagés dans la mise en œuvre de la politique publique de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA au Sénégal. Partant du postulat théorique selon lequel le renforcement des capacités peut être considéré comme un instrument de politique publique, la thèse analyse l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’idéologie prédominante, New Public Management d’une part ou Empowerment d’une part, et le couplage ou non avec l’instrument de subvention, influencent de manière déterminante la nature et les résultats des processus de renforcement des capacités. Au travers d’une approche empirique, les effets et influences parfois contradictoires de l’instrument, oscillant entre renforcement du contrôle et renforcement de l’autonomie selon les objectifs et stratégies mises en place par les divers acteurs du niveau international au niveau local (bailleurs de fonds internationaux, ONG nationales, OCB/Associations locales), sont mis en évidence.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Matshakaile, Thabani Nkosiyapha. "Access to justice for non-citizens : a constitutional analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86576.
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Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The rights entrenched in the Bill of Rights in South Africa’s final Constitution are, with a few exceptions, guaranteed to citizens and non-citizens alike. South Africa has seen an influx of migrants, asylum seekers and refugees since 1994, and this migratory movement has posed significant challenges to the post-apartheid legal order. This thesis is concerned with the State’s implementation of its constitutional obligations to protect and guarantee the constitutional rights of everyone within the borders of South Africa. It is important that these constitutional obligations do not remain mere aspirations but should translate into reality. Most non-citizens living in South Africa face numerous barriers to accessing justice and the processes that could enable them to realise their rights. The thesis examines the concept of “access to justice” and investigates a number of obstacles encountered by different categories of non-citizens – such as refugees, asylum seekers and documented and undocumented migrants – in trying to access justice and to realise their rights. Against this background, arrest, detention and deportation under the Immigration Act and Refugees Act are examined because these processes have often been abused by State officials to prevent non-citizens from accessing the rights and protections guaranteed in these Acts and the Constitution, and to frustrate the implementation of court orders vindicating the rights of non-citizens. The application of the Immigration and Refugees Acts is discussed through the lens of sections 12(1), 33, 34 and 35(2) of the Constitution which ensure that arrest, detention and deportation are done in a lawful and procedurally fair manner, as opposed to the arbitrariness that most non-citizens experience on a daily basis. Secondly, the thesis also examines access to justice for non-citizens in the context of xenophobia and bias based crimes. The State has in the past failed to respond in a coordinated and timely fashion in the face of violent manifestations of xenophobia. Against this background, the State’s obligation to protect non-citizens from violence from either public or private sources in terms of section 12(1)(c) of the Constitution is discussed and analysed. The role, accessibility and effectiveness of Equality Courts are also examined in light of the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act and the cases that were brought before them emanating from xenophobic incidents. The thesis concludes with proposals on areas which require better implementation of existing laws; and areas in which legislative reform is needed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die regte wat in die Handves van Regte in Suid-Afrika se finale Grondwet veranker is, word op enkele uitsonderings na vir burgers en nie-burgers gewaarborg. Sedert 1994 het Suid- Afrika instroming van migrante, asielsoekers en vlugtelinge beleef, en hierdie verskuiwing het wesenlike uitdagings aan die post-apartheid regsorde gestel. Hierdie tesis is gemoeid met die Staat se implementering van sy grondwetlike verpligting om die grondwetlike regte van almal wat hul binne Suid-Afrika se landsgrense bevind, te beskerm en te waarborg. Dit is belangrik dat hierdie grondwetlike verpligtinge nie blote aspirasies bly nie, maar ’n werklikheid word. Die meeste nie-burgers wat in Suid-Afrika woon staar talle hindernisse in die gesig wat dit vir hulle moeilik maak om toegang tot geregtigheid te verkry en om hul regte te verwesenlik. Die tesis ondersoek die begrip “toegang tot geregtigheid” en bekyk aantal struikelblokke in die weg van verskillende kategorieë nie-burgers – soos vlugtelinge, asielsoekers en gedokumenteerde en nie-gedokumenteerde migrante – wat toegang tot geregtigheid probeer verkry en hul regte probeer verwesenlik. Teen hierdie agtergrond word arrestasie, aanhouding en deportering ingevolge die Wet op Immigrasie en die Wet op Vlugtelinge ondersoek, aangesien hierdie prosesse dikwels deur staatsamptenare misbruik word om nie-burgers te verhinder om toegang te verkry tot die regte en beskermings wat in hierdie wetgewing en in die Grondwet gewaarborg word, en om geregtelike bevele wat die regte van nie-burgers afdwing, te verydel. Die toepassing van die Wet op Immigrasie en die Wet op Vlugtelinge word deur die lens van artikels 12(1), 33, 34 en 35(2) van die Grondwet bespreek, wat probeer verseker dat arrestasie, aanhouding en deportering op regmatige en prosedureel billike manier geskied, in teenstelling met die willekeur wat nie-burgers op daaglikse basis ervaar. Tweedens ondersoek die tesis toegang tot geregtigheid vir nie-burgers in die konteks van vreemdelingehaat en misdade wat op vooroordeel gebaseer is. Die Staat het in die verlede in gebreke gebly om in die aangesig van gewelddadige manifesterings van vreemdelingehaat op gekoördineerde en tydige manier te reageer. Die Staat se verpligting om ingevolge artikel 12(1)(c) van die Grondwet nie-burgers teen geweld van hetsy openbare hetsy private oorsprong te beskerm, word bespreek en ontleed. Die rol, toeganklikheid en doeltreffendheid van gelykheidshowe word ook bespreek in die lig van die Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act en die sake wat deur hierdie howe beslis is wat uit xenofobiese voorvalle voortspruit. Die tesis sluit af met voorstelle oor terreine waar beter implementering van bestaande wetgewing benodig word, asook terreine waar wetgewende hervorming verlang word.
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Logan, Sarah Elizabeth. "Hold your friends close: counterradicalisation and political community in America and Britain." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/156341.
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This thesis examines counterradicalisation policy and associated measures addressing the issue of 'citizen terrorists' in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. It asks: why has counterradicalisation emerged as a counterterrorism strategy in the US and the UK? The thesis argues that counterradicalisation policies have emerged in the US and the UK because they are a response to a type of terrorist threat perceived by those states as both new and as exhibiting certain distinctive features. This threat, Al-Qaeda inspired homegrown extremism, concerns acts of violence committed by citizens who reject the anchoring of political life in a secular institution such as the state. The ideas which drive these citizens are global, 'anti-systemic' and concerned with the nature of political community. The thesis argues that counterradicalisation has emerged in response to states' perceptions of the symbolic violence of this threat in the context of the nation-state and that as a result we should understand counterradicalisation in terms of ongoing negotiations about political community and citizenship. It shows that counterradicalisation policies in the US and the UK seek to manage a threat perceived as inherently ideational and driven by the ideas, beliefs and values of citizens. This invokes particular constraints and debates which inform and shape the policy. The thesis engages with several bodies of literature in making this argument. Most importantly, it engages with citizenship theory and uses concepts of citizenship and political community to structure its empirical analysis. In doing so, it contributes to debates in citizenship theory concerning the liberalisation and contraction of citizenship, finding that counterradicalisation in the US and the UK demonstrates a considerable narrowing of ideational and informal aspects of citizenship. It also engages with literature on transnationalism and with emerging research on counterterrorism policy. This thesis contributes to what to date has been an under-theorised field, namely the relevance of terrorism and counterterrorism to the broader theoretical concerns of International Relations. In particular it moves the analysis of counterradicalisation beyond the field of Critical Terrorism Studies that has to date dominated this topic. In doing so it establishes a framework for future research concerning interaction between post 9-11 counterterrorism, citizenship and political community in International Relations.
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Shang-Chih, Hsieh, and 謝尚志. "A Study of Drunk-driving Prevention Policy In Taichung City Government Police Department." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99264742870699883590.
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碩士逢甲大學
公共政策研究所
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As regard the great damage caused by drunk-driving, Taichung City Government has not only declared the policy of “zero-tolerance” toward the act, but also announce the city is about to be “the hell of the people who drunk driving”. Taichung City Government Police Department put the drunk drivers the major targets to be cracked down on with the amendment of relevant traffic regulations. The implement of regional blockade with police spot checking at the certain hot spots of drunk-driving was also put into practice. However, the effect of the above-mentioned enforcement strategies and implement by the authority still lack the in-depth evaluation. This research contains the literature review of international and domestic academic papers with the topic of drunk-driving, additionally with the analysis of the current situation of law enforcement against drunk-driving and the relevant violation/accident cases. In this study, the qualitative method was adopted to analyze the secondary data from government’s archives, combining with the in-depth interviews to the police officers from Taichung City Police Department (including the officials in headquarter, precincts, and the ones in local police stations), for the purpose of obtaining the complete result of the study concerning the effectiveness of prevention and law enforcement against drunk-driving. After examining the current problem and possible flaws of the enforcement with the understanding of patterns and the background of drunk driving, this study tries to elaborate appropriate prevention and control measures in the scopes of enforcement, education, and law, hoping to provide the authority with the reference and suggestion on the duty of the enforcement of drunk-driving law/regulations. In addition, because of the lack of objective measures with performance evaluation on the enforcement of drunk-driving law/regulations, this study utilizes the number of enforcement to become the standard of assessment, which includes: traffic safety (the case number of drunk-driving, or the death, injury toll caused by the drunk driving), and enforcement outcomes (the number of tickets issued for the case of drunk-driving, and the number of the case successfully submitted to the criminal justice system).
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Gwala, Sizwe. "Barriers to implementation of the (SA) National Cybersecurity Policy Framework." Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/23802.
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Thesis (M.M. (Security))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Graduate School of Public and Development Management, 2016Technological advancement have seen South African government departments, state owned entities and private companies using cyberspace as a platform of interaction and the storage of information. Technological advancements have a positive impact due to the compression of space, time and thereby ensuring fastpaced interaction across borders. These technological advancements have, however resulted in most organisations, both private and public, becoming prone to cybercrimes and related incidents. In an initiative aimed at countering these threats, the South African government has passed various laws. The National Cybersecurity Policy Framework (NCPF) is a South African Policy framework aimed at countering an increase in the occurrence of cybercrimes and related incidents. This research analyses the status in the implementation of the NCPF objectives allocated to the Department of Telecommunications and Postal Services (DTPS). Then the barriers in the Implementation are unpacked guided by the literature reviewed and finally recommendations on how to counter the identified barriers are provided post the data collection. The report firstly provides an outline of the global perspectives on cybersecurity which is followed by the regional cybersecurity measures, and then the national cybersecurity measures proposed by the South African Government department are outlined. The latter parts of the report focuses on the NCPF in terms of its scope, goals, objectives and stakeholders. Finally, focus is shifted to the DTPS as a chosen area of research wherein data was collected in a form of one-on-one, semi-structured interviews with relevant parties. The results of this research are presented as a narrative description that is synthesised to develop the theoretical conjecture and empirical generalisation of the entire research. This research uncovered that there are numerous barriers in the implementation of the NCPF both within the DTPS as well as between the DTPS and various stakeholders entrusted with the implementation responsibility. The last chapter consists of general conclusions made by the researcher based on the research conducted which is then followed by recommended countermeasures which will be communicated to the DTPS as well as all stakeholders who will be affected by the proposed recommendations.
GR2018
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Elvy, Dale Richard. "Terrorism, public opinion and policy : a comparison of Australia and the United States." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149654.
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Government policy in Australia and the United States has been fundamentally altered by the advent of modern terrorism. Billions of dollars have been spent on domestic counter-terrorism measures, new legislation has been introduced which challenges the balance between civil liberties and security, and foreign policy has shifted to the extent that these nations have taken military action at considerable expense, straining international diplomatic relations. This thesis explores how public opinion in these nations has changed over recent decades, and explores how the impact of recent high-visibility mass casualty terrorist attacks, exacerbated by the rapid spread and dissemination of terrorist messages by the media, has resulted in high levels of public anxiety which has increased public willingness to trade civil liberties for increased security, and influenced public confidence in the capability of government responses to terrorism - both of which are fundamental components of a strategy of terrorism. This thesis draws upon two surveys; the 2007 Australian Election Study, and a national survey of the United States conducted in 2002 by Stony Brook University to conduct a comparative analysis of public opinion toward terrorism to critically assess current policy responses to terrorism. It was found that in both nations there are a similar range of demographic variables, which predict levels of anxiety, satisfaction with Government responses to combat terrorism, and a willingness to trade civil liberties for increased security. It was also found that, even when controlling for these variables, anxiety and concern about terrorism continue to have a statistically significant relationship with government satisfaction and willingness to trade civil liberties for increased security. It was further found that the perceived threat of terrorism acts as a significant mediating variable on the relationship between anxiety, and willingness to trade civil liberties for increased security and satisfaction with government, supporting previous research which suggests that confidence in government is based to some extent, on citizens' feelings of security, and theories that there is a clear linkage between public expectations and support for increased government expenditure. There is also evidence to suggest that the mediating influence of the perceived threat of terrorism increases over time leading to the conclusion that both those who are pessimistic and optimistic about the threat of terrorism become more strongly polarised to their respective views. These findings suggest that successful Government policy must acknowledge the importance of public opinion in understanding the impact of terrorism. Policy should seek to reflect the unique and powerful influence of media frames, and as a response, policy makers should adopt strategies to combat the natural drawbacks of traditional counter-terrorism efforts in this arena. Policy makers must, therefore, seek to make counter-terrorism efforts more transparent and seek to de-sensationalise terrorism as part of a targeted media strategy which enables Government messages to have primacy in the immediate aftermath of a terrorist attack and undermines the key precepts of terrorist strategy. -- provided by Candidate.
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Jordaan, Sunet. "A gendered critique of the ABC prevention policy of the South African government concerning HIV/Aids: a case study of Northern KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/572.
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M.A.This dissertation will focus on the notions of masculinity in Northern KwaZulu-Natal and the impact of that on the effectiveness of HIV/Aids prevention strategies employed by the South African government. It first examines gender and gender roles in society and then questions what it means to be a man and describes the concept masculinity as a socially constructed aspect of patriarchy with reference to a particular area of South Africa today. Masculinity is extended to the relations (both sexual and social) that men have with women as well as with other men. Notions of masculinity make men vulnerable because they lead to risk-taking behaviour that may result in HIV infection. I was drawn to this field after realising that most HIV/Aids prevention programmes do not take notions of masculinity into account. This specific geographical area was chosen for its proximity as well as the very high levels of HIV prevalence. During my research I realised that the realities of manhood and masculinity in the South African context are not addressed in the HIV/Aids prevention strategies of the South African government. This gap created by the absence of gender sensitivity with regards to men enhances the vulnerability of men and women in South Africa to be infected with HIV. My research in Northern KwaZulu-Natal included semi-structured interviews with five respondents, a focus group, questionnaires as well as in-depth literature study.
Ms. C. van Rooyen
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Singh, Pravina. "The effectiveness of bank bailouts in reducing stock market volatility during financial crises." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9571.
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M.Com. (Financial Economics)This paper studies the efficacy of bank bailouts in restoring financial stability during financial crises. Stability is measured in terms of stock market volatility. The volatility dynamics associated with banking crises in South Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the United States (US) are investigated. Using daily returns data from 1 January 1997 to 8 October 2012, two specific methods are used to measure the impact of bailouts on financial stability. Firstly, dummy variables that account for the timing of bailout policies are included in the variance equation of Exponential Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Hetereoskedasticity (EGARCH) models that are estimated for the overall stock market index of each of the affected countries. Secondly, EGARCH models are estimated using 30-day rolling windows in order to control for shifts in unconditional volatility that may result from bailouts. The Spearman Rank-Order correlation test is used to assess the rank-order relationship between the EGARCH 30-day rolling window conditional volatility and actual volatility, which is estimated as a 30-day moving average of squared returns. Three main findings form the conclusion of this study. The first is that, in some cases, bailouts are successful in reducing volatility in some of the East Asian and US stock markets. Secondly, although the creation of centralised asset management companies and the implementation of guarantees of liabilities as bailout policies are effective at reducing volatility in the East Asian markets, closures of, and interventions in, banks and other financial institutions, liquidity support, and capital support are not effective in reducing volatility in the East Asian markets. This illustrates that different bailout policies have different impacts on volatility. Finally, although bailout policies reduce volatility, liquidity support, and capital support, bailout policies are more effective at reducing volatility in the United States than in the East Asian countries. This illustrates that the same bailout policies cannot be used in different types of economies, namely developed and developing economies, with the hope of the same outcome being realized.
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Baker, Phillip Ian. "The emergence of political attention to obesity and factors generating support for policy intervention : an international and national case study analysis." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155912.
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At the turn of the 21st century obesity began to receive significant political attention at both international and nation levels. Yet political support for obesity prevention policies has been hampered by multiple challenges. The issue is both technically complex and politically cacophonous with interventions required across multiple policy sectors, involving powerful actors. Recognizing these challenges, this thesis explores why and how political attention emerged. It seeks answers to the following questions: What has generated political attention to obesity? What factors have generated political support for, or opposition to, obesity prevention policies? It offers suggestions as to how political support can be maintained and extended. It also aims to contribute answers to the broader question - how do health issues come to receive political attention? A case-study design and causal process tracing method were employed. A first case explores the ascendance of obesity onto the agenda of an intergovernmental organization - the World Health Organization (WHO). A second onto the agenda of a national government - the Commonwealth Government of Australia (CGA). This involved a two-step analytical process. First, a detailed historical account of each case was developed. Second, a thematic analysis identified and elaborated on the causal factors and mechanisms determining political support and opposition. A theoretical framework was adapted to organize the analysis. This was comprised of four dimensions - the power of actors, the power of the ideas they deployed, the political context, and issue characteristics. Several factors have generated political support at the international level - the emergence of an expert community; the injustice of childhood obesity as a powerful idea deployed by advocates; the WHO as a supportive institutional platform; the issues emergence onto multiple member-state agendas; and, the emergence of a broader non-communicable disease and tobacco control agenda. Several factors have inhibited political support - the power of the transnational sugar, food and beverage industries; a lack of cohesion within the policy community; and, contests over evidence. Several factors have generated political support at the national level - a concern with childhood obesity by state governments was the initial trigger for ascendance onto the CGA agenda; the injustice of childhood obesity and marketing to children, a 'food is like tobacco' metaphor and an economic rationale were important ideas deployed by advocates. Several factors have generated opposition - the power of the food, beverage and advertising industries; an unsupportive institutional platform within Government; the deferment of decision-making on politically risky issues; and, contests over evidence. In both cases, the significant complexity of the issue has made evidence-based policy-making problematic. The implications of the findings are discussed, with reference to relevant political science and public health scholarship. Suggestions are made as to how political support for obesity prevention may be maintained and extended in coming years. Overall, this study is the first to document the ascendance of obesity onto the agenda of the WHO and CGA. It adds to a growing literature on the factors that explain political support and opposition for obesity prevention policies and public health issues more broadly.
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Husband, Charles H., and M. Yunis Alam. "Social cohesion and counter-terrorism: a policy contradiction?" 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5834.
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Leresche, Antoinette. "The politics of tuberculosis : a policy analysis of the tuberculosis control programme." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9767.
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M.A. (Political Science)Although an effective cure for tuberculosis exists, the incidence and mortality rate for TB in South Africa remain exceptionally high. The reason for this is both medical as well as sociopolitical. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the inter-action of various differential variables which influence the control of TB in this country. TB whilst caused by a germ, is adversely affected by socioeconomic deprivation, which in turn has distinct political connotations in South Africa. The dissertation therefore examines the inter-play of the historical and present influences of sociopolitical factors on the TB situation at present. Another important aspect of TB control is the State's efforts to control TB through the TB Control Programme (TBCP). This dissertation discusses the objectives of the TBCP and meaSures its effectivity against the socio-political context in which it functions. This is followed by a series of suggestions including an examination of the financial implications of these. A non-governmental organisation (NGO), SANTA ( The South African National TB Association) is a further actor in the control of TB. As specified delegates of the State for TB health education, it is essential that their role be examined both in terms of the TBCP as well as in terms of their own stated objectives for TB control. This includes an examination of the role of NGOs in complimenting the activities of the State and their believability in the community they claim to serve. Further proposals are put forward with regard to ways in which SANTA can improve their believability, relevance and effectivity within TB control in South Africa. Further influencing factors are the impact of AIDS and political violence on TB and the ability of the various actors to control TB. These two aspects are discussed briefly and constitute areas for further research. In addition it would be relevant for some form of cost-benefit analysis to be conducted, in order to extend the scope of the policy analysis conducted here.
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Tsimane, Salathiel. "Male circumcision as HIV/Aids prevention strategy in South Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11309.
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M.A. (Public Management and Governance)This study starts with an introduction and background, and this is followed by a statement of the research problem, research rationale, research objectives, research design, research methodology and the data collection methods. A list of acronyms will be provided, as well as an overview of chapters, conclusions, and acknowledgements. “Around 5.7 million in 2009 had contracted HIV and AIDS and in the preceding year 250,000 South Africans died due to HIV/AIDS related diseases. All age categories and gender are prone to contracting the disease and the resultant loss of life has had a devastating effect on the workforce. Death due to this disease has caused loss of income and family disintegration” (Sottile 2013:2). In 2010, some 280,000 South Africans died of HIV/AIDS. In the decade up to 2010, between 42% and 47% of all deaths among South Africans were HIV/AIDS-related deaths (Sottile 2013:2). Mlambo et al (2011:1) further say that “The Human Sciences Research Council estimates that 10.9% of all South Africans have HIV/AIDS. Additionally, the Central Intelligence Agency estimates that 310,000 individuals died in South Africa from HIV/AIDS in the year 2009”. A study in 2003 made a comparison on two scenarios, an HIV/AIDS scenario and a no-HIV/AIDS scenario and this was based on the annual growth rates between 2002 and 2015. The finding was that “real growth in GDP would be 0.6% lower than if there were no HIV/AIDS, but per-capita growth in GDP would be 0.9% higher. Growth in population would have been 1.5% lower, and growth of the labour force would be 1.2% lower, but the unemployment rate would be 0.9% lower as well” (Avert.Org 2010:2). Different HIV/AIDS prevention strategies are being implemented in South Africa. The focus in this study is on male medical circumcision (hereafter MMC), which is the removal of all or part of the foreskin on the penis. It can either be performed surgically in hospitals or at initiation schools. Initiation schools perform the procedure as a traditional rite of passage from boyhood to manhood, and this is referred to as traditional male circumcision (TMC). This practice has up till now been performed purely for traditional or religious purposes, but it can no longer be viewed only as such. It should, instead, also be seen as a measure to curb the spread of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. A number of observational studies (which will be referenced later) found that circumcised men had smaller chances of contracting HIV infection compared with uncircumcised men...
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Sisnowski, Jana. "International evidence and experiences in regulatory approaches targeting nutritional aspects of population-level obesity prevention." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/104814.
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High prevalence of overweight and obesity remains a pressing health concern for most industrialised nations. As preventive approaches based on individuals’ capacity for behaviour change have largely failed to impact population weight, governments have begun to implement policies to regulate food environments with a view to improving nutrition and health outcomes. This thesis comprises four studies, presented as two peer-reviewed journal articles and two manuscripts, examining the evidence and experiences generated by Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development jurisdictions’ regulatory targeting of the nutritional aspects of obesity prevention. Article 1 provides an overview of regulatory approaches addressing dietary risk factors for obesity enacted in the United States and the European Union since 2004. The findings from a systematic search of primary and secondary legislation databases demonstrate that such approaches are currently limited in reach and scope. No jurisdiction has enacted a comprehensive suite of complementary actions addressing different components of the food environment; however, the existence of discrete interventions indicates some political will for innovation. Article 2 employs a realist review perspective to systematically investigate the effect of “real-world” policies addressing population nutrition. The review examines: (1) the effect of interventions on average BMI/weight and calorie intake or proxy measures and (2) indicators measuring parameters on assumed causal pathways to changed consumption patterns. Results drawn from peer-reviewed articles and grey literature reports demonstrate that isolated regulatory interventions reliably improve intermediate outcomes, but fail to affect consumption at levels of clinical significance. Article 3 is a case study of obesity prevention in New York City. Combining a documentary review and key informant interviews, the analysis demonstrates that there is scope to redefine municipal responsibilities for public health. In particular, results indicate that policy change in the emerging and contested field of regulatory obesity prevention needs strong political leadership. Executive-driven nutrition policy is shown to offer an expedient mechanism to protect expert-designed measures from the influence of competing interests. The analysis also demonstrates the importance of building community support, the value of incremental change, and the impact of contentious public discussion on social norms around nutrition. Article 4 considers how local governments can prepare for systematic engagement in population-level obesity prevention, using the 2011 South Australian Public Health Act as an example. Analysis shows that South Australia can potentially employ a range of levers to address food environments and nutrition under this legislation; particularly through the Health Minister’s authority to issue Codes of Practice relating to specified industries or activities based on health concerns. The operationalization of this and other legal instruments for nutritional obesity prevention should be supported by a greater focus on whole-of-government responsibility for public health in general purpose legislation. Together, these studies give a nuanced picture of the current state of regulatory obesity prevention as it relates to nutrition policy and food environments. As well as indicating directions for future research, particularly regarding the long-term effects of existing interventions and the assessment of new policy approaches, this body of work provides insights and clear recommendations for future food and obesity prevention policy.Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, 2016.
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Michaelsen, Christopher. "Security, politics and law in Australia's "War on terror"." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151284.
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Brata, Roby Arya. "Why did anticorruption policy implementation fail? : a study of the implementation failure of anticorruption policies of the authoritarian new order regime and the democratic reform order regime of Indonesia, 1971 - 2007." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150310.
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This study comparatively examines the cases of implementation failure of the Anticorruption Law 1971 of the authoritarian New Order regime, and of the Anticorruption Law 1999 of the democratic Reform Order regime, in Indonesia. It investigates to what extent and for what reasons the implementation of these Laws failed to attain the policy objectives of eradicating corruption in the public sector. The research employed a case study approach, interviewing 67 key informants, including law enforcers in nine provinces, and surveying 253 university students in law and government at 13 universities. Employing the refined top-down implementation model, this study found that to some extent the implementation of the 1971 and 1999 Laws failed, and many factors contributed to this failure. These factors can be classified into five types: policy design, political, institutional, managerial, and societal factors. Among these factors, defects in the implementation structures and processes are the primary explanation for the implementation failure. This study has also confirmed that the political systems of the two regimes did have a role in contributing to the implementation failure of these Laws. However, it has further found that, since the implementation structures and processes of the authoritarian political system of the New Order regime were inherently more defective than those of the democratic political system of the Reform Order regime, the degree of implementation failure of the 1971 Law was evidently higher than that of the 1999 Law. The study found that the most influential similar factors which caused the failure in implementation of these Anticorruption Laws are: 1 The political will and commitment of the political leaders arid the enforcers were too weak to effectively and seriously enforce the Anticorruption Laws and curb corruption. 2 The serious and chronic problem of the court mafia had systematically disabled the institutional capacity and integrity of the enforcement agencies and the criminal justice system to combat corruption. 3 The people were tolerant of corrupt conduct. 4 The corruption problem itself had become serious, endemic and, without radical anticorruption measures, very difficult to control. 5 The use of discretion by the law enforcers was unclearly defined and unchecked. 6 The government and the enforcement institutions had become an integral part of the serious corruption problem, not an effective solution to this problem. 7 The implementation structures and processes of Anticorruption Laws 1971 and 1999 were defective. This study will contribute to the anticorruption and policy implementation literature, in particular, of how the refined top-down implementation model is tested for comparatively examining the implementation problem of anticorruption law in a developing country, in this case, Indonesia, undergoing political transitions from an authoritarian to a democratic political system. This study will 'complete' the picture of the implementation phenomenon which was partially portrayed by the refined top-down implementation model and other implementation models. The study concludes that combating corruption in a country transforming from an authoritarian to a democratic political system, where corruption has become chronic and systemic, is problematic and difficult. When corruption has systematically infected and distorted the institutional structures and processes of the government, in particular the law enforcement mechanisms, implementing anticorruption laws is expected to be suboptimal and subsequently fail. To overcome this problem, the factors attributing to the policy implementation failure must be eliminated.
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Lokuge, Buddhima. "Managing pandemics : patents and risks." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150443.
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Pheiffer, Debra Claire. "An analysis of the role of the South African Police Service and the local government in crime prevention." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13539.
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Summary in English and AfrikaansCrime is unwanted in any society because it brings about fear, anger and hatred. As people living in a world of constant change, we tend to strive for innovation which this research endeavours. The South African Police Service (SAPS) and all relevant role-players become partners in the fight against not only crime, but also community problems that threaten the well-being of inhabitants. Local Government is attempting to develop communities in municipal areas and SAPS primary function is to reduce crime. If crime is one of the main obstacles in improving the quality of life, then surely government authorities must take responsibility for local safety, and who better than these two key organisations taking the lead. This study investigates the roles of SAPS and Local Government in crime prevention in the Cape Winelands District Municipality; also whether their co-operation brings about fruitful results and what interventions are actively in place. It further explores whether their integrated approach has an impact on the safety and security of local communities. Lastly, it determines whether their collaboration is effective or not; and what additional improvements can be implemented, seeking new insights for future reference. Three hundred (300) questionnaires were distributed to senior management members of the SAPS and Local Government, as well as other relative stakeholders who contribute to increasing safety. Crime reduction influences all spheres of society, for example our economy, businesses, tourism etc. Reducing crime and building safer communities must be a priority for all South Africans. To achieve this, crime prevention programmes should be initiated at community level, since crime prevention involves responding to a few priority problems, using multi-agency approaches. Government legislation and policies urge both organisations to take the lead in implementing crime prevention projects which this study discovered. This analysis is not to re-invent the wheel but to find effective ways in strengthening partnership which leads to new knowledge in the field of crime prevention at local level. One of the basic needs of any community is the need for safety and security and this study aims to assist and contribute to increase safety using an integrated approach.
Enige samelewing het „n afkeur aan misdaad omdat dit angs, haat en negatiewe emosies aanwakker. Omdat die mensdom gedurig verandering in die gesig staar, poog hierdie navorsing om nuwe idees. Die Suid Afrikaanse Polisie Diens (SAPD) en ander rolspelers is vennote in die bekamping van misdaad, asook probleme wat die welstand van elke gemeenskap bedreig. Plaaslike owerhede beywer hulle om gemeenskappe te vestig terwyl misdaadbekamping die SAPD se primêre doel is. Hierdie studie ondersoek die rolle van die SAPD en plaaslike owerhede in die bekamping van misdaad binne die grense van die Wynland Distrikte Munisipailteit. Ook ondersoek hierdie studie of daar vrugbare uitslae en aktiewe maatreëls in plek is om misdaad hok te slaan. Verder ondersoek die studie of gesamentlike aksies enige impak op die gemeenskap se veiligheid en sekuriteit het. Ten laaste bepaal hierdie studie of die samewerking vrugte afwerp of nie; en watter nuwe metodes aangewend kan word ter verbetering in die lig van toekomstige vraagstukke rondom misdaad. Tydens hierdie studie is 300 vraelyste versprei onder senior lede van die SAPD en plaaslike regering sowel as ander gemeenskap rolspelers. Misdaadbekamping speel „n belangrike rol in enige gemeenskap aangesien dit „n impak het op die ekonomie, handel, toerisme, ens. Dus is die verlaging van die misdaad syfer en die bou van veilige gemeenskappe elke Suid-Afrikaner se plig. Om hierdie doel te bereik, verg samemerking tussen elke vennoot, aangesien misdaadbekamping elke persoon, organisasie en regerings department se prioriteit behoort te wees. Wetgewing moedig alle rolspelers aan en in hierdie geval, SAPD en plaaslike owerhede, om die voortou te neem tydens die implementering van projekte ter bekamping van misdaad. Hierdie studie se mikpunt is om effektiewe maniere te vind om die vennootskap in misdaadbekamping op plaaslike vlak te versterk. Die uiteindelike doel is om „n positiewe bydrae te maak in die basiese behoeftes van elke gemeenskap; om veiligheid en sekuriteit deur „n standpunt van vennootskap te ondersoek en te implementeer; en sodoende „n omgee kultuur in dié Distrik te verseker.
Police Practice
D. Litt. et Phil. (Police Science)
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"中國大陸反腐敗資源投入: 地區間差異、成因及影响." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5884240.
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余琴."2013年8月".
"2013 nian 8 yue".
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 218-232).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract in Chinese and English.
Yu Qin.