Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biotechnologies marines'
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Jacquin, Anne-Gaëlle. "Applications de biotechnologies végétales aux macroalgues marines : développement de la micropropagation in vitro chez une Chlorophycée d'intérêt économique." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2055.
Full textLe, Loarer Alexandre. "Production et caractérisation de métabolites bioactifs issus de microorganismes isolés d'une éponge de la zone océan Indien, Scopalina hapalia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2024. https://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/24_10_A_LELOARER.pdf.
Full textThis thesis project focuses on the production and characterization of bioactive metabolites from microorganisms isolated from a sponge from the Indian Ocean zone, Scopalina hapalia. This sponge collected in 2013 in Mayotte has been the subject of previous work within the LCSNSA. The microorganisms that have been isolated have been cultured and have demonstrated one or more anti-aging activities, targeted activities during the European TASCMAR research project, in which the LCSNSA participated. This PhD is part of the new PHAR research project funded by the LCSNSA and dedicated to the valorization of bioactive molecules from the biodiversity of the South West Indian Ocean area. During this project, targeted bio-activities will be anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-malaric and anti-diabetic activities. The proposed research work is part of the major challenge of the European Union's "blue growth" strategy and could help address public health priorities related to the aging of the population. For this thesis work, several microorganisms isolated from Scopalina hapalia will be selected according to their biological activities previously demonstrated. Different culture conditions will be tested in order to find favorable parameters for the synthesis of the desired metabolites. Microbial production will be analyzed chemically to characterize the metabolic profiles of microorganisms. The extracts will then be tested for new targeted biological activities in the PHAR project. The most promising micro-organism will consecutively be produced on a large scale in order to isolate and identify the bioactive molecule (s). The culture of this microbial strain will then be optimized using experimental designs which will allow more precise exploration of the potential of the selected marine microorganism
Krystallidis, Antoine. "Application du génie des procédés aux biotechnologies marines : étude de faisabilité, modélisation et simulation dynamique d'un procédé de culture de microalgues." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0371.
Full textBovio, Elena. "Champignons marins d'éponges marines : biodiversité, chimiodiversité et applications biotechnologiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR4009.
Full textMarine environment represents an untapped source of fungal diversity, where it has been estimated that about 10% of fungi have been explored until now. Due to the lack of knowledge on marine fungi and their incredible biotechnological potential, this Ph.D. thesis focuses on a highly promising group of fungi: those associated with marine sponges. These fungi are both characterized by high biodiversity and chemodiversity, being the most successful producers of new bioactive molecules. On these premises, the main goal of the research was to cover the firsts and fundamentals aspects of the natural products discovery pipeline: from the isolation and identification of fungi from sponges to the isolation of molecules and the evaluation of their biological activity. This resulted in a multidisciplinary Ph.D. project that enclosed mycology, chemistry, biochemistry and biotechnology. In a “funnel-like” perspective, using multidisciplinary experimental approaches three main parts were developed: - The first aim was to isolate the fungal communities associated with sponges using several isolation techniques to increase the number of cultivable fungi. Four and three sponges were respectively collected in the Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. Overall, 129 taxa were obtained; thanks to a polyphasic approach based on morphological, molecular and phylogenetic techniques, 84.5% of them were identified at the species level. Two fungal species Thelebolus balaustiformis and Thelebolus spongiae were here first described, updating the knowledge on marine fungal diversity. This work underlined the specificity of the fungal community for each sponge, leading to think that these animals are able to recruit their own mycobiota. - The second part was based on the investigation of the chemical diversity of marine fungi associated with the sponge Grantia compressa, using the OSMAC approach (One Strain – Many Compounds). Not surprisingly, it has been difficult to define a condition that promotes both the development of the mycelium and the secondary metabolites production for all fungi; generally, rich nutrients media are the best candidates to achieve the above-mentioned results. Among the tested fungi, Eurotium chevalieri MUT 2316 produce more metabolites than any other fungus and ten pure compounds were isolated. - The third part of this Ph.D. project aimed to test the biological activity of the ten fungal molecules. Two main research fields, pharmaceutical and environmental, were chosen as potential targets. Six compounds showed antibacterial activity, with isodihydroauroglaucin active against most of the Grampositive bacteria tested also with bactericidal activity. Dihydroauroglaucin and physcion were able to completely inhibit the replication of Influenza A virus, while neoechinulin completely inhibited Herpes Simplex Virus 1. Finally, the last series of bioassays aimed to face the urgent need of environmentally friendly antifouling and highlighted several molecules already active at extremely low concentrations, inhibiting the adhesion and growth of both bacteria and microalgae. As result, a mix of few compounds produced by E. chevalieri MUT 2316 would inhibit all the bacteria and microalgae tested. In conclusion, this Ph.D. project highlighted the outstanding biodiversity and chemodiveristy of marine fungi inhabiting sponges. The molecules isolated from E. chevalieri MUT 2316 found applications in different research fields and represent promising candidates for the development of new drugs and antifouling paints
Chalkiadakis, Eleftherios. "Bio-prospection et biodiversité des micro-organismes des milieux atypiques des lagons de la Nouvelle-Calédonie : Premières évaluations du potentiel de production de nouvelles molécules d’intérêt biotechnologique." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NCAL0054/document.
Full textPrevious works on marine bacteria led to the discovery of molecules of great biotechnological interest. Under unusual physical and chemical conditions some microorganisms have developed various survival strategies including exopolysaccharides (EPS) and Poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production. Due to their many interesting biological, physical and chemical properties, those polymers have found applications in many industrial sectors. Due to interesting physical and chemical properties, EPS can find applications in many industrial sectors including the food industry, cosmetics, for oil and metal recovery from industrial waste and in the mining industry as well. During the last decades EPS have also been demonstrated as interesting bioactive molecules with many applications for human health. PHAs are biopolyesters accumulated as granules in bacteria in order to endure long starving periods. Those biodegradable biopolymers can be used as an alternative to petroleum derived polymers and can be produced from renewable carbon sources. PHAs exhibit a wide variety of properties and structures depending of the carbon source available and the microorganism used for the production. New Caledonia (NC) is frequently referred as a hotspot biodiversity. During a prospection campaign performed in different marine costal ecosystems of NC, a great number (770) of bacteria were isolated from different locations. Screening showed that 55% of the isolates were able to produce under lab conditions EPS and 53% to produce PHA. Partial chemical characterization was performed on purified samples using colorimetric methods, infrared spectrometry (FTIR), gas chromatography (GC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Marine bacteria from New Caledonian ecosystems were shown to produce EPS with unusual chemical composition with potential applications in cosmetics. Preliminary experiments also showed high metal-binding capacity with applications in bioremediation. Different PHAs were also produced using different types of sugars and oil as renewable resources. Blue biotechnologies can have various applications in many industrial sectors (Health, food industry, environment, cosmetics etc…) and there is a great international demand for new molecules issue from marine areas. New Caledonian marine bacteria have proved their capacity for producing innovative biopolymers with a wide range of application that can be valuating in on short time period (environment, cosmetics) or at long time (pharmaceutics, surgeries). These applications are promising in order to develop
Paix, Benoît. "Etude des dynamiques spatio-temporelles des interactions entre le microbiote et le métabolome de surface de la macroalgue Taonia atomaria par une approche multi-omiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0012.
Full textAs ecosystems engineers and primary producers, marine seaweeds play important roles for other organisms. Chemical interactions with epiphytic microorganisms seem particularly important for their physiology. However, macroalgae-microbiota relationships and the role of environmental parameters remains poorly investigated. The main objective of this PhD thesis was to understand how vary the epiphytic prokaryotic community of the brown alga Taonia atomaria, in relationship with variations of the surface metabolome of the host and what is the influence of the environment on these variations which shape this holobiont model. A multi-omics approach coupling prokaryotic communities studies by metabarcoding and surface metabolites studies by an optimized metabolomics analysis, has been jointly conducted, together with further analyses such as flow cytometry. Studies have thus revealed that the epiphytic microbial community of T. atomaria was specific in comparison with the biofilm communities of rocky substrates, and planktonic ones, suggesting a possible role of the surface metabolome in the structuring of the microbiota. Otherwise, important co-variations between the metabolome and the microbiota at the algal surface were observed at different levels, whether at the thallus or biogeographical scale, or during temporal dynamics. Some environmental parameters seem to be particularly involved in these interactions, such as temperature, copper contamination, but also irradiance. In a context of Global Change, this work provides new perspectives allowing to better understand dynamics of macroalgal-holobionts
Muffler, Kai. "Entwicklung und Anwendung von Optimierungsstrategien in der Marinen Biotechnologie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Charakterisierung einer Tryptophan-5-Halogenase." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=985284986.
Full textMoppert, Xavier. "Études et valorisation de métabolites biosynthétisés par une souche bactérienne, isolée de tapis microbiens "kopara" de Rangiroa, Tuamotu, Polynésie française." Polynésie française, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POLF0005.
Full textA new bacterical identified as Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaceans subsp. Payriae has been isolated from microbial mats known as "kopara", which are located on several Polynesian atolls. Under laboratories conditions, this strain produces metabolites of biotechnological interest including an exopolysaccharide (EPS), a bacterial pigment determined as zeaxanthin and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). The high molecular weight and highly sulfated (25% w/w) EPS exhibits very interesting biological activities and a further commercial developpement in the cosmetic area or as a slimmimng agent could be expected in the very near future. High heavy metal capacities were determined for both iron and copper and, therefore, this EPS may be useful in treatment of wastes and in other environmental or medical applications. The simultaneous synthesis of pure zeaxanthin in its active optical form could be of a great biotechnological interest for medical or cosmetic applications. Under specific conditions this bacterium was also shown to produce large amounts of polyhydroxyalkanoates with environmental applications. Microbial mats known as "kopara", located on several Polynesian atolls appears to be a source of unusual microorganisms and associated metabolites with biotechnological applications
Frouel, Stéphane. "Effets probiotiques de préparations bactériennes commerciales en aquaculture marine." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2005.
Full textThe probiotic potential of commercial bacterial preparations based on 2 lactobacilli and their medium was tested on the early stages of several marine organisms (seabass Dicentrarchus labrax, shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris, brine shrimp Artemia salina and french scallop Pecten maximus). In vitro, the 2 strains were resistant to the marine conditions and displayed a good antimicrobial activity, probably due to the secretion of organic acids. In situ, these preparations enhanced survival of all animals, except Pecten maximus. Moreover, growth of crustaceans was correlated with an increase of digestive activities (trypsin and alpha-amylase). In seabass, the acide phosphatase was also stimulated and endocytosis vesicles appeared in enterocytes. They might be involved in the stimulation of immune system because some positive effects were observed on immune parameters of blood. Bacterial microflora was changed by the products only in shrimp larvae with a decrease of vibrios. The different experiments have displayed that microbial product activity was due more to the culture media modified by lactobacilli than the strains themselves. Thus, a biotest developed with Artemia salina (which reacted of similar manner as larval shrimp to these microbial preparations), allowed to initiate the purification of the bioactive molecules contained in these products. Two proteins with respective molecular weight of 50 KDa and 68 KDa seemed to play a major role in stimulation of digestive enzymatic activity of these artemia. They were partially purified and their characterization is in progress
Colin, Sébastien. "Développement d'enzymes recombinants issus des bactéries marines P. Carrageenovora et SW5 pour la production d'oligo-fucoïdanes et d'oligo-ë-carraghenane." Compiègne, 2005. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-01115060.
Full textThis work aimed to characterize and produce two new biocatalysts which hydrolyze two polysaccharides extracted from the cell wall of red algae (γ-carrageenan) and brown algae (fucoidan). These extracellular endo-hydrolases are produced by two saprophytic marine bacteria, Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora, (y-Proteobacteria), and SW5 (Bacteroidetes). Following the purification ofwild-type proteins, their genes were cloned and sequenced. The recombinant activity obtained by overexpression in E. Coli confirmed that the cloned sequences coded for corresponding enzymes. Sequence analysis showed that the enzymes have a modular structure. The catalytic domain of the γ-carrageenase was net identified. This enzyme is therefore different from previously described glycoside hydrolases, and aise distinct from previously known carrageenases. The fucoidanase sequence shares similarity with two other bacterial putative fucoïdanase and these three enzymes define a new glycosidase family
Le, Floch Stéphane. "Etude expérimentale de la biorestauration in situ de sédiments marins contaminés par du pétrole brut." Brest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BRES2035.
Full textThe bioremediation of marine sediments polluted by crude oil was studied through two field experiments to evaluate the interest of fertilisation and oxygenation on a muddy sediment, to test the toxicity of these techniques on a marine organism, and to determine the efficiency of two bioremediation products on oil biodegradation kinetic. The experiment on muddy sediment shown that first bioremediation techniques should, in the first place, compensate the oxygen depletion and, only after, they should supply nutrient. The results of the second experiment shown that bioremediation product efficiency is strongly linked to environmental parameters, and particularly to marine hydro dynamism. The efficiency of bioremediation techniques as a response method to cleanup coasts affected by an oil spill has been acknowledged but bioremediation treatments should be implemented as a fine cleanup method once standard cleanup is terminated
Noiville, Christine. "Les régimes juridiques des ressources génétiques marines : contribution à la notion d'intégration des objectifs écologiques aux objectifs économiques." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOA001.
Full textGentric, Charline. "La bioremédiation in situ des parcs conchylicoles par les éponges marines est-elle envisageable ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2016. http://www.univ-ubs.fr/collections-electroniques-de-l-ubs-274685.kjsp?RH=1398415417848&RF=SIT_COLLELECT.
Full textThe conservation of waters quality and the fight against pollution due to human activities havebecome global issues. Many biological contaminants and chemical pollutants are found in sea water, therefore in aquaculture products. This context fact sea professional are looking for solutions to preserve or even improve the quality of their waters. Among marine biodiversity, marine sponges filter 10 000 times their volume of water per day and retain 80 % of suspended particles such as organic matter, minerals, bacteria and viruses. In addition, sponges are therefore considered as bio-accumulators of metallic trace element such as lead, cadmium or copper. In collaboration with the Comité Régional de Conchyliculture de Bretagne Sud, REMEDBIO project proposes to exploite potential of marine sponges of the Brittany coast. One of the main priorities of this project is to reduce the impact of chemicals (heavy metals) and of biological contaminants (bacteria, viruses) on shellfish breeding. The marine sponges Hymeniacidon perlevis (Demospongiae) was chosen as the model for this study. Having demonstrated the feasibility of the culture of marine sponges on the foreshore, our work has shown, when tested in vitro, reduced contamination of oysters by two bacteria, Escherichia coli and Vibrio aestuarianus, and lead, a metal trace element, in the presence of sponges. The last phase of this work has been to enhance the results. The company LECOMER project began with the START'UBS contest (winner) proposed by the Université de Bretagne Sud in 2014. Thereafter, LECOMER was elected winner of the Innovation Awards of Morbihan in 2014
Gentric, Charline. "La bioremédiation in situ des parcs conchylicoles par les éponges marines est-elle envisageable ?" Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS399/document.
Full textThe conservation of waters quality and the fight against pollution due to human activities havebecome global issues. Many biological contaminants and chemical pollutants are found in sea water, therefore in aquaculture products. This context fact sea professional are looking for solutions to preserve or even improve the quality of their waters. Among marine biodiversity, marine sponges filter 10 000 times their volume of water per day and retain 80 % of suspended particles such as organic matter, minerals, bacteria and viruses. In addition, sponges are therefore considered as bio-accumulators of metallic trace element such as lead, cadmium or copper. In collaboration with the Comité Régional de Conchyliculture de Bretagne Sud, REMEDBIO project proposes to exploite potential of marine sponges of the Brittany coast. One of the main priorities of this project is to reduce the impact of chemicals (heavy metals) and of biological contaminants (bacteria, viruses) on shellfish breeding. The marine sponges Hymeniacidon perlevis (Demospongiae) was chosen as the model for this study. Having demonstrated the feasibility of the culture of marine sponges on the foreshore, our work has shown, when tested in vitro, reduced contamination of oysters by two bacteria, Escherichia coli and Vibrio aestuarianus, and lead, a metal trace element, in the presence of sponges. The last phase of this work has been to enhance the results. The company LECOMER project began with the START'UBS contest (winner) proposed by the Université de Bretagne Sud in 2014. Thereafter, LECOMER was elected winner of the Innovation Awards of Morbihan in 2014
Louati, Héla. "Etude de la biorémédiation de sédiments contaminés par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : impact écologique sur la microflore et la meiofaune de la lagune de Bizerte." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20118/document.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants (POP) emitted mainly by human activities due to the incomplete combustion of organic matter (industry, heating, traffic ...). Because of their low rate of degradation, their toxicity and their bioaccumulation, PAHs are main of concern in ecological studies. In this context, the objectives of this thesis were to assess the impact of PAHs on the benthic microflora and meiofauna and apply different techniques of bioremediation (biostimulation, bioaugmentation and combination of both treatments) in order to degrade PAHs, using experimental approach with microcosms.Our results showed that PAHs are toxic for microflora but also for meiofauna of Bizerta lagoon. The toxic effects of these contaminants were demonstrated by the inhibition of bacterial activity in the sediment/water interface and by profound changes in the structure of bacterial communities. PAHs provoked significant changes on meiofaunal community with the selection of nematode species that could be proposed as bioindicators of PAH pollution. Thus, Spirinia parasitifera which significantly (p<0.05) increased in PAH contaminated microcosms, suggesting that it is an "opportunistic» species to PAH pollution. In contrast, Oncholaimus campylocercoïdes, strongly dominant in control microcosms, decreased in PAH contaminated microcosms and seemed to be a ‘‘PAH-sensitive'' species.By analyzing the structure of microbial and meiofaunal community, we observed that the structural role of meiofauna on bacteria community structure was still evident even under PAH contamination despite the toxic effects on meiofauna. However, this structural role of meiofauna disappeared when nutrients were added to the sediment resulting in an almost complete removal of PAHs. Biostimulation seemed to be the most effective bioremediation strategy in the reduction of PAH toxic effects on benthic organisms. Overall, these results suggest that bioremediation using nutrient addition is a promising alternative technique for the degradation of PAHs in coastal polluted environments
Al, Mallah Maha. "Biodegradation des hydrocarbures dans les milieux sursales." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX22040.
Full textMuffler, Kai [Verfasser]. "Entwicklung und Anwendung von Optimierungsstrategien in der marinen Biotechnologie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Charakterisierung einer Tryptophan-5-Halogenase / von Kai Muffler." 2007. http://d-nb.info/985284986/34.
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