Academic literature on the topic 'Biosynthetic processes; Plants'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biosynthetic processes; Plants"
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Tan, Dun-Xian, and Russel J. Reiter. "An evolutionary view of melatonin synthesis and metabolism related to its biological functions in plants." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 16 (May 15, 2020): 4677–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa235.
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Abstract Plant melatonin research is a rapidly developing field. A variety of isoforms of melatonin’s biosynthetic enzymes are present in different plants. Due to the different origins, they exhibit independent responses to the variable environmental stimuli. The locations for melatonin biosynthesis in plants are chloroplasts and mitochondria. These organelles have inherited their melatonin biosynthetic capacities from their bacterial ancestors. Under ideal conditions, chloroplasts are the main sites of melatonin biosynthesis. If the chloroplast pathway is blocked for any reason, the mitochondrial pathway will be activated for melatonin biosynthesis to maintain its production. Melatonin metabolism in plants is a less studied field; its metabolism is quite different from that of animals even though they share similar metabolites. Several new enzymes for melatonin metabolism in plants have been cloned and these enzymes are absent in animals. It seems that the 2-hydroxymelatonin is a major metabolite of melatonin in plants and its level is ~400-fold higher than that of melatonin. In the current article, from an evolutionary point of view, we update the information on plant melatonin biosynthesis and metabolism. This review will help the reader to understand the complexity of these processes and promote research enthusiasm in these fields.
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Thapa, Pandey, Park, and Kyung Sohng. "Biotechnological Advances in Resveratrol Production and its Chemical Diversity." Molecules 24, no. 14 (July 15, 2019): 2571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142571.
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The very well-known bioactive natural product, resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene), is a highly studied secondary metabolite produced by several plants, particularly grapes, passion fruit, white tea, and berries. It is in high demand not only because of its wide range of biological activities against various kinds of cardiovascular and nerve-related diseases, but also as important ingredients in pharmaceuticals and nutritional supplements. Due to its very low content in plants, multi-step isolation and purification processes, and environmental and chemical hazards issues, resveratrol extraction from plants is difficult, time consuming, impracticable, and unsustainable. Therefore, microbial hosts, such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Corynebacterium glutamicum, are commonly used as an alternative production source by improvising resveratrol biosynthetic genes in them. The biosynthesis genes are rewired applying combinatorial biosynthetic systems, including metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, while optimizing the various production processes. The native biosynthesis of resveratrol is not present in microbes, which are easy to manipulate genetically, so the use of microbial hosts is increasing these days. This review will mainly focus on the recent biotechnological advances for the production of resveratrol, including the various strategies used to produce its chemically diverse derivatives.
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Kawada, Kojiro, Yuya Uchida, Ikuo Takahashi, Takahito Nomura, Yasuyuki Sasaki, Tadao Asami, Shunsuke Yajima, and Shinsaku Ito. "Triflumizole as a Novel Lead Compound for Strigolactone Biosynthesis Inhibitor." Molecules 25, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 5525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235525.
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Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived plant hormones involved in the development of various plants. SLs also stimulate seed germination of the root parasitic plants, Striga spp. and Orobanche spp., which reduce crop yield. Therefore, regulating SL biosynthesis may lessen the damage of root parasitic plants. Biosynthetic inhibitors effectively control biological processes by targeted regulation of biologically active compounds. In addition, biosynthetic inhibitors regulate endogenous levels in developmental stage- and tissue-specific manners. To date, although some chemicals have been found as SL biosynthesis inhibitor, these are derived from only three lead chemicals. In this study, to find a novel lead chemical for SL biosynthesis inhibitor, 27 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivatives were screened for inhibition of SL biosynthesis. Triflumizole most effectively reduced the levels of rice SL, 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO), in root exudates. In addition, triflumizole inhibited endogenous 4DO biosynthesis in rice roots by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of Os900, a rice enzyme that converts the SL intermediate carlactone to 4DO. A Striga germination assay revealed that triflumizole-treated rice displayed a reduced level of germination stimulation for Striga. These results identify triflumizole as a novel lead compound for inhibition of SL biosynthesis.
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Hedden, Peter. "The Current Status of Research on Gibberellin Biosynthesis." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 11 (July 11, 2020): 1832–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa092.
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Abstract Gibberellins are produced by all vascular plants and several fungal and bacterial species that associate with plants as pathogens or symbionts. In the 60 years since the first experiments on the biosynthesis of gibberellic acid in the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, research on gibberellin biosynthesis has advanced to provide detailed information on the pathways, biosynthetic enzymes and their genes in all three kingdoms, in which the production of the hormones evolved independently. Gibberellins function as hormones in plants, affecting growth and differentiation in organs in which their concentration is very tightly regulated. Current research in plants is focused particularly on the regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis and inactivation by developmental and environmental cues, and there is now considerable information on the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. There have also been recent advances in understanding gibberellin transport and distribution and their relevance to plant development. This review describes our current understanding of gibberellin metabolism and its regulation, highlighting the more recent advances in this field.
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Schafhauser, Thomas, Linda Jahn, Norbert Kirchner, Andreas Kulik, Liane Flor, Alexander Lang, Thibault Caradec, et al. "Antitumor astins originate from the fungal endophyteCyanodermella asterisliving within the medicinal plantAster tataricus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 52 (December 6, 2019): 26909–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910527116.
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Medicinal plants are a prolific source of natural products with remarkable chemical and biological properties, many of which have considerable remedial benefits. Numerous medicinal plants are suffering from wildcrafting, and thus biotechnological production processes of their natural products are urgently needed. The plantAster tataricusis widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and contains unique active ingredients named astins. These are macrocyclic peptides showing promising antitumor activities and usually containing the highly unusual moiety 3,4-dichloroproline. The biosynthetic origins of astins are unknown despite being studied for decades. Here we show that astins are produced by the recently discovered fungal endophyteCyanodermella asteris. We were able to produce astins in reasonable and reproducible amounts using axenic cultures of the endophyte. We identified the biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for astin biosynthesis in the genome ofC. asterisand propose a production pathway that is based on a nonribosomal peptide synthetase. Striking differences in the production profiles of endophyte and host plant imply a symbiotic cross-species biosynthesis pathway for astin C derivatives, in which plant enzymes or plant signals are required to trigger the synthesis of plant-exclusive variants such as astin A. Our findings lay the foundation for the sustainable biotechnological production of astins independent from aster plants.
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Fornazier, Ricardo Francisco, Ricardo Antunes Azevedo, Renato Rodrigues Ferreira, and Vanderlei Aparecido Varisi. "Lysine catabolism: flow, metabolic role and regulation." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 15, no. 1 (April 2003): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202003000100002.
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Lysine is an essential amino acid, synthesized in plants in the aspartic acid pathway. The lysine catabolism is performed by the action of two consecutive enzymes, lysine 2-oxoglutarate reductase (LOR) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH). The steady state of lysine is controlled by both, synthesis and catabolism rates, with the final soluble lysine concentration in cereal seeds a direct result of these processes. In the last 40 years, the enzymes involved in lysine biosynthesis have been purified and characterized from some plant species such as carrot, maize, barley, rice, and coix. Recent reports have revealed that lysine degradation might be related to various physiological processes, for instance growth, development and response to environmental changes and stress. The understanding of the regulatory aspects of the lysine biosynthetic and catabolic pathways and manipulation of related enzymes is important for the production of high-lysine plants.
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Ahn, Hye Ryun, Yu-Jin Kim, You Jin Lim, Shucheng Duan, Seok Hyun Eom, and Ki-Hong Jung. "Key Genes in the Melatonin Biosynthesis Pathway with Circadian Rhythm Are Associated with Various Abiotic Stresses." Plants 10, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010129.
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Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a well-known animal hormone, is involved in several biological processes including circadian rhythm and the regulation of abiotic stress. A systematic understanding of the circadian regulation of melatonin biosynthesis-related genes has not been achieved in rice. In this study, key genes for all of the enzymes in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway that showed a peak of expression at night were identified by microarray data analysis and confirmed by qRT–PCR analysis. We further examined the expression patterns of the four genes under drought, salt, and cold stresses. The results showed that abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, and cold, affected the expression patterns of melatonin biosynthetic genes. In addition, the circadian expression patterns of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), and serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) genes in wild-type (WT) plants was damaged by the drought treatment under light and dark conditions. Conversely, N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT) retained the circadian rhythm. The expression of ASMT was down-regulated by the rice gigantea (OsGI) mutation, suggesting the involvement of the melatonin biosynthetic pathway in the OsGI-mediated circadian regulation pathway. Taken together, our results provide clues to explain the relationship between circadian rhythms and abiotic stresses in the process of melatonin biosynthesis in rice.
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Ahn, Hye-Ryun, Yu-Jin Kim, You-Jin Lim, Shucheng Duan, Seok-Hyun Eom, and Ki-Hong Jung. "Key Genes in the Melatonin Biosynthesis Pathway with Circadian Rhythm Are Associated with Various Abiotic Stresses." Plants 10, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010129.
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Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a well-known animal hormone, is involved in several biological processes including circadian rhythm and the regulation of abiotic stress. A systematic understanding of the circadian regulation of melatonin biosynthesis-related genes has not been achieved in rice. In this study, key genes for all of the enzymes in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway that showed a peak of expression at night were identified by microarray data analysis and confirmed by qRT–PCR analysis. We further examined the expression patterns of the four genes under drought, salt, and cold stresses. The results showed that abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, and cold, affected the expression patterns of melatonin biosynthetic genes. In addition, the circadian expression patterns of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), and serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) genes in wild-type (WT) plants was damaged by the drought treatment under light and dark conditions. Conversely, N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT) retained the circadian rhythm. The expression of ASMT was down-regulated by the rice gigantea (OsGI) mutation, suggesting the involvement of the melatonin biosynthetic pathway in the OsGI-mediated circadian regulation pathway. Taken together, our results provide clues to explain the relationship between circadian rhythms and abiotic stresses in the process of melatonin biosynthesis in rice.
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Sajid, Moon, Chaitanya N. Channakesavula, Shane R. Stone, and Parwinder Kaur. "Synthetic Biology towards Improved Flavonoid Pharmacokinetics." Biomolecules 11, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11050754.
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Flavonoids are a structurally diverse class of natural products that have been found to have a range of beneficial activities in humans. However, the clinical utilisation of these molecules has been limited due to their low solubility, chemical stability, bioavailability and extensive intestinal metabolism in vivo. Recently, the view has been formed that site-specific modification of flavonoids by methylation and/or glycosylation, processes that occur in plants endogenously, can be used to improve and adapt their biophysical and pharmacokinetic properties. The traditional source of flavonoids and their modified forms is from plants and is limited due to the low amounts present in biomass, intrinsic to the nature of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Access to greater amounts of flavonoids, and understanding of the impact of modifications, requires a rethink in terms of production, more specifically towards the adoption of plant biosynthetic pathways into ex planta synthesis approaches. Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, aided by protein engineering and machine learning methods, offer attractive and exciting avenues for ex planta flavonoid synthesis. This review seeks to explore the applications of synthetic biology towards the ex planta biosynthesis of flavonoids, and how the natural plant methylation and glycosylation pathways can be harnessed to produce modified flavonoids with more favourable biophysical and pharmacokinetic properties for clinical use. It is envisaged that the development of viable alternative production systems for the synthesis of flavonoids and their methylated and glycosylated forms will help facilitate their greater clinical application.
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Killiny, Nabil, and Yasser Nehela. "Citrus Polyamines: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Physiological Functions." Plants 9, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9040426.
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Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous biogenic amines found in all living organisms from bacteria to Archaea, and Eukaryotes including plants and animals. Since the first description of putrescine conjugate, feruloyl-putrescine (originally called subaphylline), from grapefruit leaves and juice, many research studies have highlighted the importance of PAs in growth, development, and other physiological processes in citrus plants. PAs appear to be involved in a wide range of physiological processes in citrus plants; however, their exact roles are not fully understood. Accordingly, in the present review, we discuss the biosynthesis of PAs in citrus plants, with an emphasis on the recent advances in identifying and characterizing PAs-biosynthetic genes and other upstream regulatory genes involved in transcriptional regulation of PAs metabolism. In addition, we will discuss the recent metabolic, genetic, and molecular evidence illustrating the roles of PAs metabolism in citrus physiology including somatic embryogenesis; root system formation, morphology, and architecture; plant growth and shoot system architecture; inflorescence, flowering, and flowering-associated events; fruit set, development, and quality; stomatal closure and gas-exchange; and chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis. We believe that the molecular and biochemical understanding of PAs metabolism and their physiological roles in citrus plants will help citrus breeding programs to enhance tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses and provide bases for further research into potential applications.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biosynthetic processes; Plants"
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Ford, Yves-Yannick. "Metabolic studies of transformed roots." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260120.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Biosynthetic processes; Plants"
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Pengelly, Andrew. "Introduction to phytochemistry." In The constituents of medicinal plants, 1–17. 3rd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243079.0001.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on commonly occurring chemical composition of medicinal plants. It gives an introduction to the biosynthetic processes through which plants manufacture their chemicals, and explore some of the recent investigations into synergism between medicinal plants and their constituents.
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Matres, Jerlie Mhay, Erwin Arcillas, Maria Florida Cueto-Reaño, Ruby Sallan-Gonzales, Kurniawan R. Trijatmiko, and Inez Slamet-Loedin. "Biofortification of Rice Grains for Increased Iron Content." In Rice Improvement, 471–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_14.
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AbstractDietary iron (Fe) deficiency affects 14% of the world population with significant health impacts. Biofortification is the process of increasing the density of vitamins and minerals in a crop, through conventional breeding, biotechnology approaches, or agronomic practices. This process has recently been shown to successfully alleviate micronutrient deficiency for populations with limited access to diverse diets in several countries (https://www.harvestplus.org/). The Fe breeding target in the HarvestPlus program was set based on average rice consumption to fulfil 30% of the Estimated Average Requirement of Fe in women and children. In this review, we present the reported transgenic approaches to increase grain Fe. Insertion of a single or multiple genes encoding iron storage protein, metal transporter, or enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of metal chelator in the rice genome was shown to be a viable approach to significantly increase grain-Fe density. The most successful approach to reach the Fe breeding target was by overexpression of multiple genes. Despite this success, a significant effort of 8–10 years needs to be dedicated from the proof of concept to varietal release. This includes large-scale plant transformation, event selection, collection of data for premarket safety assurance, securing biosafety permits for consumption and propagation, and collection of data for variety registration.
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IfedibaluChukwu Ejiofor, InnocentMary, and Maria-Goretti Chikodili Igbokwe. "Flavonoids: Understanding Their Biosynthetic Pathways in Plants and Health Benefits." In Biosynthesis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96715.
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Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds and are one of the most abundant secondary metabolites present in plants. They are found in almost all vegetables and fruits. Flavonoids are of essence to plants and to man as well, due to their Medicinal and Pharmaceutical importance. Explicit understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids is very essential. This will provide a stepwise explanation of the processes and mechanisms through which different forms of flavonoids are synthesized in plants, including the enzyme(s) responsible for each step. The importance in plants, medicine and pharmacy, of all the product(s) of each step will be emphasized.
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Singh, Chandan, and Deepak Vyas. "Biodegradation by Fungi for Humans and Plants Nutrition." In Biodegradation [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99002.
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Fungi being achlorophyllous depends on other living organisms for their food either being parasite or saprophyte. Saprophytic fungi are good biodegraders. Through their enzymatic batteries, they can degrade any organic substances. Most of the time during the processes of degradation, macrofungi (mushrooms) are occurred as per the climatic conditions prevailing in the particular locations. Micro and macrofungi are considered a good source of human nutrition and medicine since time immemorial. Some of the fungi which are commonly known as mycorrhizae facilitate nutrients to more than 90% of green plants. Fungi play a basic role in plant physiology and help in the biosynthesis of different plant hormones that provides the flexibility of plant to withstand adverse environmental stress, the whole fungi are more friend than foe.
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Wasternack, Claus. "Jasmonates—Biosynthesis and Role in Stress Responses and Developmental Processes." In Plant Cell Death Processes, 143–55. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012520915-1/50012-6.
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Verma, D. P. S. "Developing Crops with Tolerance to Salinity and Drought Stress." In Feeding a World Population of More Than Eight Billion People. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113129.003.0019.
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Availability of water is the most important factor for crop productivity. A vast area (more than 50 million hectares) of agricultural land throughout the world suffers from recurring droughts, resulting in poor crop productivity (Carter, 1975). An equally large area of land is affected by high salinity. Even though irrigated agriculture has increased significantly during the past twenty years, the high capital cost of this process and the resulting increase in salinity is making this approach difficult to adopt. Furthermore, excessive irrigation is lowering the water tables, reducing water availability even more. Drought and salinity are formidable obstacles to the development of new varieties that can give sufficient yield under water stress conditions (Boyer, 1982). Some plants have evolved adaptations to water deficit and high salinity. These adaptations encompass a wide variety of plant characteristics (McCue and Hanson, 1990), including developmental and structural traits, time of flowering, rooting patterns, leaf waxiness, and physiological mechanisms such as the ability to exclude salt or the compartmentalization of ions within the cell (Binzel et al., 1988). Obviously, these are Multigenic traits, and most of them are determined by gene products that have not yet been characterized. The Multigenic nature of the phenotypes has thwarted attempts to characterize these mechanisms at the genetic level and has hindered efforts to produce osmotolerant plants by traditional breeding and somaclonal variations (Vasil, 1990). Among the biochemical traits in the adaptation of plants to water stresses, synthesis and accumulation of compatible osmolytes and changes in patterns of carbon and nitrogen metabolism are most important. Plants accumulate energy-rich metabolites under water stress; the most prevalent of these are proline and betaines (Yancey et al., 1982). Concentration of K+ and organic solutes (primarily polyols) has been shown to increase in direct proportion to changes in osmotic stress in many bacteria, algae, and higher plants. With the recent advances in genetic transformation of crop plants, genes encoding entire biosynthetic pathways or that augment the rate-limiting step in an adaptive process can now be transferred to any crop plant.
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Ehizuelen Ebhohimen, Israel, Taiwo Stephen Okanlawon, Augustine Ododo Osagie, and Owen Norma Izevbigie. "Vitamin E in Human Health and Oxidative Stress Related Diseases." In Vitamin E in Health and Disease - Interactions, Diseases and Health Aspects [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99169.
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Oxidative stress characterized by an imbalance in the production and degradation of radical species has been implicated in the onset and progression of several diseases. The efficacy of antioxidants acting via the inhibition of radical chain reactions, scavenging of free radicals, direct donation of electrons to radical species and chelation of metal ions have been reported to attenuate the oxidative process. Vitamin E is an effective antioxidant and its hydrophobic nature and membrane permeability offer some benefits to application and bioavailability. This chapter highlights the following; structural differences in the vitamin family, biosynthesis in plants and the native biological role, antioxidant mechanisms of vitamin E, an overview of the prophylactic action of vitamin E as well as the effect on the oxidative process in some diseases.
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Choi, Sang-Bong, and Yunsun Zhang. "Increasing Rice Productivity by Manipulation of Starch Biosynthesis during Seed Development." In Feeding a World Population of More Than Eight Billion People. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113129.003.0017.
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The small-grain cereals, wheat and rice, are two of the major crops grown in the world and are used mainly as food. As the world population is projected to increase by 40% by the year 2020, these cereals can be expected to assume a much larger role in providing the basic daily dietary requirements required for human growth and development. This is especially true for rice where this cereal provides many of the dietary calories for about 50% of the world’s population, most of whom live in Asia. In view of constraints caused by the amount of available arable land and the limitations in chemical inputs in the environment imposed by the increasing use of sustainable agricultural practices, new approaches to increase the genetic yield potential of crop plants must be developed and implemented. Although dramatic improvements in the genetic yield potentials of wheat and rice were achieved during the so-called green revolution, only relatively small annual increases (1-2%) in the genetic yield potential have been attained in recent years. This trend is even true for maize (Duvick, 1992), despite the employment of the most modern biotechnological tools and resources available to the maize plant breeder. If we are to meet the challenge of feeding 8 billion people in the year 2020, it is clear that a major increase in genetic yield potential of cereal crops must be achieved. In very general terms, the genetic yield potential is dependent on source-sink relationships (Ho, 1988; Turgeon, 1989). Source leaves capture light energy and fix carbon dioxide to produce sugars and other metabolites. These organic compounds are exported from the source leaves and transported to developing sink tissues, for example, young developing leaves and new root tissue, which utilize these basic precursors for growth and development. Because of the importance of the primary processes of photosynthesis in controlling plant productivity, considerable research effort has been directed to increasing the efficiency of the source leaves. Plant productivity is also influenced by the capacity of sink tissues to uptake and assimilate photosynthate produced by source leaves or reconverted from storage reserves (Ho, 1988).
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Sayeed Md. Hasibuzzaman, Abu, Farzana Akter, Shamim Ara Bagum, Nilima Hossain, Tahmina Akter, and M. Shalim Uddin. "Morpho-Physiological Mechanisms of Maize for Drought Tolerance." In Plant Stress Physiology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91197.
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Maize is one of the mostly consumed grains in the world. It possesses a greater potentiality of being an alternative to rice and wheat in the near future. In field condition, maize encounters abiotic stresses like salinity, drought, water logging, cold, heat, etc. Physiology and production of maize are largely affected by drought. Drought has become a prime cause of agricultural disaster because of the major occurrence records of the last few decades. It leads to immense losses in plant growth (plant height and stem), water relations (relative water content), gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate), and nutrient levels in maize. To mitigate the effect of stress, plant retreats by using multiple morphological, molecular, and physiological mechanisms. Maize alters its physiological processes like photosynthesis, oxidoreductase activities, carbohydrate metabolism, nutrient metabolism, and other drought-responsive pathways in response to drought. Synthesis of some chemicals like proline, abscisic acid (ABA), different phenolic compounds, etc. helps to fight against stress. Inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can result to the gene expression involved in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid which also helps to resist drought. Moreover, adaptation to drought and heat stress is positively influenced by the activity of chaperone proteins and proteases, protein that responds to ethylene and ripening. Some modifications generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 are able to improve maize yield in drought. Forward and reverse genetics and functional and comparative genomics are being implemented now to overcome stress conditions like drought. Maize response to drought is a multifarious physiological and biochemical process. Applying data synthesis approach, this study aims toward better demonstration of its consequences to provide critical information on maize tolerance along with minimizing yield loss.
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"Bioinspired Metal Nanoparticles for Microbicidal Activity." In Materials Research Foundations, 36–62. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901571-2.
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The broad reception for nanotechnology is due to their appreciable size and versatile applications in the interdisciplinary areas. In this modern era one of the major problems is microorganisms possessing antibiotic resistance, nanoparticles (NPs) are a lucrative option to solve this. In materials science, “green synthesis” has gained extensive attention as a reliable, sustainable, and eco-friendly protocol for synthesizing a wide range of materials, especially metals, and metal oxides nanomaterials, hybrid materials and bioinspired materials. As such, green synthesis is regarded as an important tool to reduce the destructive effects associated with the traditional methods for synthesis of nanoparticles commonly utilized in laboratory and industry. Bio-inspired NPs held edges over conventionally synthesized nanoparticles due to their low cost, easy synthesis and low toxicity. This chapter elaborates the developments on the biosynthesis of NPs using natural extracts with particular emphasis on their application as microbiocidal agents. This chapter has very specifically dealt with coinage metals such as Cu, Ag, Au due to their significance of antimicrobial activities. Succeeding, reported the developments in the synthetic methodologies of metal-oxide (Titanium dioxide, TiO2) nanoparticles using novel plant extracts with high medicinal value and their corresponding ability to degrade bacterial pathogens through advanced oxidation process (AOPs) based on heterogeneous photocatalysis.
Conference papers on the topic "Biosynthetic processes; Plants"
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Gaivoronskaya, Irina, and Valenitna Kolpakova. "MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF PLANT-BASED COMPOSITIONS WITH IMPROVED AMINO ACID COMPOSITION." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/12.
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The aim of the work was to optimize the process of obtaining multicomponent protein compositions with high biological value and higher functional properties than the original vegetable protein products. Was realized studies to obtain biocomposites on the base of pea protein-oat protein and pea protein-rice protein. Developed composites were enriched with all limited amino acids. For each of the essential amino acids, the amino acid score was 100% and higher. Protein products used in these compositions are not in major allergen list, which allows to use these compositions in allergen-free products and specialized nutrition. To determine biosynthesis parameters for compositions from pea protein and various protein concentrates with the use of transglutaminase enzyme, was studied effect of concentration and exposition time on the amount of amino nitrogen released during the reaction. Decreasing of amino nitrogen in the medium indicated the occurrence of a protein synthesis reaction with the formation of new covalent bonds. Were determined optimal parameters of reaction: the hydromodule, the exposure time, the concentration of EP of the preparation, were obtained mathematical models. Studies on the functional properties of composites, the physicochemical properties of the proteins that make up their composition, and structural features will make it possible to determine the uses in the manufacture of food products based on their ability to bind fat, water, form foam, gels, and etc.