Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biosynthèse in vitro'
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Mansouri, Lhouceine. "Extraction et purification de certaines saponines triterpéniques pentacycliques d'espèces végétales du groupe de la gypsophile : plantes entières et cultures in vitro ; contribution à l'étude de leur biosynthèse." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT016A.
Full textKhater, Fida. "Identification et validation fonctionnelle de nouveaux gènes impliqués dans la voie de biosynthèse des composés phénoliques." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0018/document.
Full textGrape proanthocyanidins (PA) play a major role in organoleptic properties of wine, being involved in astringency and color stability. They are accumulated mainly in skin and seeds during early stages of berry development. Numerous structural genes involved in PA biosynthesis have already been identified even in grape, but some steps are still not documented.A previous transcriptomic study led to identify new genes putatively involved in the PA pathway (Terrier et al., 2009). Among them, 3 glucosyltransferases and 2 glucose acyl transferases were identified. The objective of this work is to clarify the function of these genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway.The three glucosyltransferases called VvgGT1, VvgGT2, VvgGT3 displayed high sequence similarities between them and with other plant glucosyltransferases able to catalyze the formation of glucose esters. The transcripts are expressed in the early stages of grape berry development, mainly in skins and seeds and also in the pulp for VvgGT2. The properties of these 3 enzymes (Km, Vm, substrate specificity, pH sensitivity) were studied in vitro after production of recombinant proteins. The three of them are able to catalyse the synthesis of glucose ester with derivates of hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids as substrates and with similar kinetic properties.Two glucose-acyltransferases called VvGAT1 and VvGAT2 were isolated. They displayed high sequence similarity with other Serine carboxypeptidase like acyltransferases-glucose dependent. The transcripts are expressed in early stages of grape berry development mainly in skins and seeds for VvGAT1 and in pulp and seeds for VvGAT2. Heterologous expression of the proteins in different hosts were unsuccessful. The confocal microscopy data suggest that VvGAT1 fused to GFP are localized in cytosolic vesicles.The successive involvement of those VvgGT and VvGAT in the galloylation of PAs and in the synthesis of hydroxycinnamic esters is discussed
Mairesse, Gilles. "Contribution à l'optimisation de la production d'alcaloïdes tropaniques par culture in vitro de cellules végétales issues de Solanacées : influence de divers précurseurs : relation avec la production de certains polyphénols." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD332.
Full textBriot, Pascal. "Etudes in vivo et in vitro de la biosynthèse des œstrogènes chez la hase (Lepus europaeus)." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066159.
Full textLe, Flem Guillaume. "Synthèse d'analogues séquentiels de l'insuline : étude de leur relation strucuture-fonction et de leur activité biologique in vitro." Amiens, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AMIED002.
Full textRonot, Xavier. "Le Chondrocyte articulaire du lapin : évolution in vitro de la prolifération, de la biosynthèse du collagène, du cytosquelette et de l'activité mitochondriale." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077236.
Full textWang, Xiao Qiang. "Function and regulation of 17B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type7 (17B-HSD7) in sex hormone biosynthesis and breast cancer : in vitro, in vivo, proteomic and three dimensional co-culture studies." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27483.
Full textHuman 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (17β-HSD7) displays a dual function in cholesterogenesis and steroidogenesis. In steroidogenesis, it is both involved in the formation of the estradiol (E2) from estrone (E1) and in the degradation of dihydroterstosterone (DHT) into weak estrogen 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol (3β-diol). However, its function in estrogen dependent breast cancer (estrogen receptor positive, ER+) has been unclear for many years. E2 stimulates breast cancer cells (BCCs, MCF-7 cells) growth via estrogen receptor (ER) whereas DHT displays anti-proliferative effects via androgen receptor (AR). In the present thesis, the function of 17β-HSD7 in ER+ breast cancer was studied with in vitro, in vivo, proteomics and three dimensional (3D) co-culture model and results were described: (1) Inhibition of 17β-HSD7 by its selective inhibitor (INH7) in BCCs induced significant lower E2, higher DHT, cell cycle arresting and negative regulating of the same enzyme. Such inhibition induced significant shrinkage of xenograft tumors accompanied by decreased E2 and elevated DHT in plasma. (2) Inhibition of 17β-HSD7modulated 104 proteins involved in different biological processes. INH7 especially suppresses the expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and consequently enhanced apoptosis of MCF-7 towards aromatase inhibitor. (3) The interactions between BCCs and tumor fibroblast modulate steroidogenic enzymes. 17β-HSD7 was the most modulated enzyme in MCF-7 cells whereas aromatase was the most regulated enzyme in fibroblast (Hs578Bst). Such regulations led to an increasing of E2 conversion from precursors and promoted MCF-7 cells’ proliferation. The increased cell proliferation was blocked by aromatase inhibitor in 3D co-culture system, but more significant results were observed with INH7 which blocked DHT degradation. (4) Integrative data analysis with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) confirmed the significant amplification of 17β-HSD7 in various breast cancers compared to normal breast tissue. Thus, in the present thesis, 17β-HSD7 was characterized as a novel therapeutic target for estrogen dependent breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
Stiévenard, Catherine. "Reproduction sexuée d'Uncinula necator (schw. ) Burr. , agent de l'oïd͏ium de la vigne : maîtrise in vitro et rôle dans la résistance aux fongicides inhibiteurs de la biosynthèse des stérols." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR20569.
Full textRochd, Mohamed. "Etude de la biosynthèse des saponines et des stérols produits par la plante et par des tissus cultivés in vitro de Gypsophila paniculata L." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30096.
Full textDauchel, Hélène. "Le système du complément et la cellule endothéliale : biosynthèse in vitro des protéines de la voie alterne et activation pathologique au cours des vascularités leucocytoclasiques." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES032.
Full textBourahla-Fodil, Ilham. "Biosynthèse des macromolécules de la matrice extracellulaire par des fibroblastes cutanés en fonction du vieillissement in vitro. Modulation par le récepteur de l' élastine laminine." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066041.
Full textMyint, Aung. "Criblage de souches d'actinomycètes productrices d'antifongiques nonpolyéniques : production, extraction, purification et caractérisation des composés antimicrobiens biosynthétisés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL049N.
Full textVibes, Jean. "Effets de Crataegus oxyacantha L. Sur la biosynthèse in vitro et ex vivo de la thromboxane A2 et de la prostacycline. Relations avec les activités anti-agrégante plaquettaire et coronarodilatatrice de la plante." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30136.
Full textLegoedec, Jocelyne. "Le muscle squelettique humain : une source locale de complément. Analyse in vitro de la biosynthèse et de l'activation des protéines du complément par les myoblastes humains." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES025.
Full textCouillaud, Julie. "The terpene mini-path : nouvel accès aux terpènes et exploration de l'espace chimique par une cascade enzymatique originale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0188.
Full textTo date, terpenoids form the most abundant and diversified class of natural products with more than 80,000 compounds whose structural, biological (antibiotic, anticancer, antimalarial, etc.) and physicochemical (flavor, fragrance, dye, etc.) properties hold the attention of the scientific community. However, their access is limited because of the low available quantity by extraction from natural sources; an often expensive and laborious chemical synthesis; and long biosynthetic pathways. By combining bioinformatic, statistical, biochemical and molecular biology approaches, we have developed the « Terpene mini-path », with only two enzymatic steps, as a synthetic and potentially bio-sourced alternative to access DMAPP and IPP, universal precursors of terpenes. This new artificial pathway allowed the synthesis of various natural and unnatural terpenoids, such as cyclobutylic derivatives, in the absence of any metabolic and enzymatic engineering. The mini-path provides thus an easy access to all terpenoids and represents an attractive new biosynthetic tool to explore the diversity of the terpene chemical space
Badolo, Lassina. "Contribution à la compréhension du rôle de la biosynthèse des polyamines dans la prolifération cellulaire in vitro :cas particuliers de dérivés N, N'-bisbenzyl-a, w-diaminoalkanes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211971.
Full textGasque, Philippe. "Expression du complément par des cellules du système nerveux central : analyse in vitro de la biosynthèse des protéines du complément par un modèle de lignées d'astrocytes humains." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES038.
Full textCouderc, Élisabeth. "Étude comparée chez rat normal et diabétique : catabolisme "in vivo" du récepteur des asialoglycoprotéines biosynthèse "in vitro" de trois protéines : albumine a1-glycoprotéine acide, récepteur hépatique des asialoglycoprotéines." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA11A004.
Full textSaliba, Sahar. "Nouvelles approches biotechnologiques pour l’obtention d’alcaloïdes : culture in vitro de Leucojum aestivum L. et isolement d’endophytes bactériens d’Amaryllidaceae." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0107/document.
Full textOver 300 Amaryllidaceae alkaloids possessing a wide range of biological activities have been isolated from plants belonging to this family. Galanthamine, used for the palliative treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, is the only one commercialized. The biodisponiblity of these alkaloids is low. In vitro culture offers an alternative yet interesting approach for the biotechnological production of these valuable alkaloids. The aim of this work was, first, to develop a fast, efficient and easy purification method of plant extracts prior to their phytochemical analysis both in LCMS and GCMS. Second, the combined effects of bioreactor RITA® culture and feeding with different exogenous factors on the biosynthetic pathway of both galanthamine and lycorine were studied. The experiments were conducted both with Leucojum aestivum and L. aestivum ‘Gravety Giant’ bulblets. The variation of several exogenous parameters resulted in a better accumulation of galanthamine and lycorine (0.814 mg/g and 1.54 mg/g dry weight respectively) in the bulblets. The third aim was to isolate and identify alkaloid producing endophytes from in vivo and in vitro bulbs of three Amaryllidaceae species (L. aestivum, Narcissus pseudonarcissus and Galanthus elwesii). Bacterial endophtes belonging to the Bacillus genus were identified. A new alkaloid was isolated from bacterial liquid cultures
Bernoud-Hubac, Nathalie. "Etude, sur un modèle in vitro de la barrière hémato-encéphalique, de la biosynthèse des acides gras polyinsaturés essentiels et du passage de l'acide docoahéxaénoïque estérifié ou non dans une lysophosphatidylcholine." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0099.
Full textThe brain contains high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids. The mechanisms responsible for this selective accumulation are still unknown. The first objective of this work was to determine the respective roles of endothelial cells from brain capillaries and astrocytes in the conversion of circulating linoleic (18:2n-6) and linolenic (18:3n-3) acids into 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3, respectively, by using an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Endothelial cells cultured on an insert were set above the medium of a Petri dish containing or not a stabilized culture of astrocytes. Endothelial cells cultured alone weakly converted the precursor fatty acids into 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3. When endothelial cells were co cultured with astrocytes, their content of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased dramatically. This effect was associated with the uptake of polyunsaturated fatty acids from the lower medium (astrocyte medium). These fatty acids were released by astrocytes after they were synthesized from the precursor fatty acids that passed through the endothelial cell monolayer into the lower medium. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were released by astrocytes as unesterified fatty acids and as phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysaPC). These results suggest that astrocytes could play a role in the delivery of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids to the barrier itself and to the brain. The brain can also take up AGPI from the circulation. The second objective was to study the passage of either labeled unesterified 22:6n-3 or 22:6n-3 esterified in a lysoPC, bound to albumin, through the in vitro BBB. We show that "22:6-lysoPC is preferentially transferred through the endothelial cell monolayer and taken up by astrocytes over the unesrerified 22:6n-3. This preferential passage was not observed in aortic endothelium. Finally, our results show that this preferential passage involve the presence of specific carriers in the astrocyte medium, particularly lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein E and principally secreted by astrocytes
Campagnac, Estelle. "Etude in vitro de l'impact de deux fongicides inhibiteurs de la biosynthèse des stérols (IBS) sur le métabolisme stérolique des deux partenaires de la symbiose mycorhizienne arbusculaire : évaluation du stress oxydant induit dans la symbiose." Littoral, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DUNK0225.
Full textThe aim of this work was on one hand to study the impact of two fungicides IBS (fenpropimorph, fenhexamid) on sterol metabolism of non-target organisms, transformed roots / arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Glomus intraradices grown in vitro, and on the other hand to examine oxidative stress induced by applying the two IBS on symbiosis. Differential effects between fenpropimorph and fenhaxamid were shown. The phytotoxicity of fenpropimorph was underscored by the significant reduction in root growth and appeared to be due to (i) the replacement of the normal ∆5-stérols by usual sterols : 9ß,19cyclopropylstérols, ∆8,14-stérols, ∆8-stérols et ∆7-stérols (ii) and the induction of an oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities). However no impact on the sterol profile and root development was detected with fenhexamid, while a significant oxidative stress was highlighted in roots. A propective effect of mycorhization was noticed on the lipid peroxidation of roots after application of the two fungicides. Moreover, our results suggest that a normal composition of phytosterols is essential to the development of symbiosis. The fongitoxicity of fenpropimorph on the development of G. Intraradices was shown by a reduced fungal development, a decrease of sterol content and the increase of a precursor, the squalene. This suggests the inhibition of an unknown target enzyme in fungi, the squalene epoxydase
Mesnard, François. "Etude par rmn du carbone 13 et de l'azote 15 du metabolisme de suspensions cellulaires de solanacees en relation avec la biosynthese des alcaloides (doctorat : genie enzymatique bioconversion et microbiologie)." Amiens, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AMIEP066.
Full textFriedrich, Steffen Christoph [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur Biosynthese von Polyketiden : Studien zur in-vitro-Aktivität der Tailoring-Enzyme aus der Jerangolid-Biosynthese / Steffen Christoph Friedrich." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1107037034/34.
Full textHéron, Antoine. "Préparation et développement de nouveaux antisérums pour l'étude de la synthèse et de la maturation de l'inter-alpha-trypsine inhibiteur humain." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES034.
Full textKandziora, Nadine [Verfasser]. "In vitro-Untersuchungen von Schlüsselschritten der Borrelidin- und Ambruticin-Biosynthesen / Nadine Kandziora." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1116960893/34.
Full textBriot, Pascal. "Etudes in vivo et in vitro de la biosynthèse des oestrogènes chez la Hase (Lepus europaeus)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375964416.
Full textWunsch-Palasis, Julia [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Bechthold. "In silico und in vitro Untersuchungen zum Sekundärstoffwechsel in Aktinomyceten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Biosynthese der Rishirilide aus Streptomyces bottropensis." Freiburg : Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1123477523/34.
Full textVincent, Florence. "Biosynthese de certains composes du complement par les monocytes humains in vitro : relation avec la maturation/differenciation des monocytes normaux et pathologiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13203.
Full textDomenach, Icard Vinca. "Association des glycoprotéines du Virus de l'Hépatite C et des apoB lipoprotéines : Vers un modèle de biosynthèse des lipo-viro-particules." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENSL0539.
Full textThe density of circulating hepatitis C virus particles in the blood of chronically infected patients is very heterogeneous. The very low density of some particles is linked to an association of the virus with apolipoprotein B (apoB) positive and triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRL), resulting in hybrid lipoproteins known as lipo-viro-particles (LVP) containing the viral envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2, capsid and viral RNA. The specific infectivity of these particles has been shown to be higher than the infectivity of particles of higher density. The role of apolipoproteins in the synthesis and assembly of the viral particles is unknown? The intestinal Caco-2 cell line diferentiates in vitro into enterocyte in special conditions o culture. After one week of differentiation, Caco-2 cells stably expressing E1 and E2 secreted E1 and E2 concomitantly with TRL secretion. Secreted E1 and E2 were only detected in apoB containing density fractions. ApoB could be co-immunoprecipitated with E2-specific antibodies. ApoB and E2 association on TRL surface is also confirmed by immuno-gold labeling by using electron microscopy. E1 and E2 secretion was reduced by inhibiting the secretion of TRL. E1 and E2 were similary secreted in association with TRL from the human liver cell line HepG2 but not by Huh-7 and Huh-7. 5 hepatoma cells that proved deficient for lipoprotein assembly. E1 and E2 have thus the intrinsic capacity to utilize apoB synthesis and lipoprotein assembly machinery. A model for LVP assembly is proposed. The particles secreted by Caco-2 cells are able to fuse with liposomes in a dose and pH dependent way, whereas the particles secreted by Huh-7. 5 cells are not
MAILLOT, VERNIER PASCALE. "Selection in vitro et caracterisation de mutants resistants a des inhibiteurs de la biosynthese des phytosterols, a partir de protoplastes de nicotiana tabacum dihaploide." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13058.
Full textRonot, Xavier. "Le Chondrocyte articulaire de lapin évolution in vitro de la prolifération, de la biosynthèse du collagène, du cytosquelette et de l'activité mitochondriale /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609461v.
Full textSoboh, Basem [Verfasser], Dietrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Nies, Rudolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Thauer, and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Happe. "In vitro Biosynthese von komplexen Fe-S-Cluster-Cofaktoren der Fe-Mo-Nitrogenase und der [NiFe]-Hydrogenase / Basem Soboh ; Dietrich Nies, Rudolf Thauer, Thomas Happe." Halle, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1116950502/34.
Full textSchaller, Hubert. "Selection in vitro et caracterisation de mutants de nicotiana tabacum l. Resistant a des pesticides (de type n-alkyl-morpholine ou triazole) inhibiteurs de la biosynthese des sterols." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13121.
Full textMehtali, Abdel-Majid. "Les genes de maintenance : etude du gene hmgcoa reductase in vitro et dans les souris transgeniques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13162.
Full textMilesi, Sandrine. "Étude de la production de furocoumarines par la Rue officinale (Ruta graveolens L. ) : cultures de plantes au champ et cultures in vitro." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_MILESI_S.pdf.
Full textDe, Tapia Marc. "Proteines pr de haricot (var. Saxa) induites par traitement chimique ou infection virale : purification et proprietes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13169.
Full textAbdel, Aziz El Zoeiby Ahmed. "Biosynthèse de la paroi bactérienne in vitro : identification de nouvelles cibles et développement de nouveaux inhibiteurs /." 2002. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766046261&sid=25&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textThèse présentée sous forme d'un recueil d'articles scientifiques rédigés en anglais avec résumés en français, soumis ou publiés dans différents titres de périodiques. Bibliogr.: f. 132-144. Publié aussi en version électronique.