Journal articles: 'Biosphere reserves – Management'

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Mammadova, Aida, Christopher D. Smith, and Tatiana Yashina. "Comparative Analysis between the Role of Local Communities in Regional Development inside Japanese and Russian UNESCO’s Biosphere Reserves: Case Studies of Mount Hakusan and Katunskiy Biosphere Reserves." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 10422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810422.

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The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization has designated the Man and Biosphere Program to foster a better relationship between the environment and people. The topic of this study is to elucidate the role of local communities in the regional development of Biosphere Reserves with a focus on management roles (top-down or participatory) and the motivational drivers of the people involved (ecocentric or anthropocentric). Based on qualitative interviews taken from the two case studies of the Mount Hakusan Biosphere Reserve in Japan and the Katunskiy Biosphere Reserve in Russia, a comparative analysis was conducted to explore the differences between the engagement of locals in the management of their biosphere reserves. This analysis examined relationships between the government and the local communities, the attitudes of the locals towards the biosphere reserves, and the historical perception on nature protection for each community. The findings showed that Russian biosphere reserves are mainly managed by local people who live inside the protected area while Japanese biosphere reserves are governed by local authorities and administration offices. This allows the Russian communities to have greater access to management processes, and therefore play a larger role in regional development.

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Ferreira, Ana, Heike Zimmermann, Rui Santos, and Henrik von Wehrden. "A Social–Ecological Systems Framework as a Tool for Understanding the Effectiveness of Biosphere Reserve Management." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 3608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103608.

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Biosphere reserves aim to reconciliate social and economic development with biodiversity conservation through complex spatial and governance arrangements. However, there is a generalized lack of information about how biosphere reserves are being managed and governed, and at what point their goals are being achieved, which limits a better understanding of the factors influencing biosphere reserve management effectiveness. Building on a systematic review of existing empirical studies, we developed a framework that identifies the main features related to biosphere reserve management effectiveness. We identified four main categories—context, inputs, process and outcomes—and 53 sub-categories, which interact at different scales and shape biosphere reserve effectiveness. We found that the capacity of biosphere reserves to achieve their goals is not only related to the way they are managed/governed, or to the inputs invested, but to many social and ecological contextual factors. We also identified benefits and impacts that were associated to biosphere reserves around the world. Comparing to other social–ecological system frameworks, ours provides a more inclusive approach, since it integrates the findings of studies with different research perspectives, considers a plurality of values attributed to natural resources, and the social–ecological system’s scales dynamics.

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Ferreira, Ana Filipa, Heike Zimmermann, Rui Santos, and Henrik von Wehrden. "Biosphere Reserves’ Management Effectiveness—A Systematic Literature Review and a Research Agenda." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 5497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145497.

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Research about biosphere reserves’ management effectiveness can contribute to better understanding of the existing gap between the biosphere reserve concept and its implementation. However, there is a limited understanding about where and how research about biosphere reserves’ management effectiveness has been conducted, what topics are investigated, and which are the main findings. This study addresses these gaps in the field, building on a systematic literature review of scientific papers. To this end, we investigated characteristics of publications, scope, status and location of biosphere reserves, research methods and management effectiveness. The results indicate that research is conceptually and methodologically diverse, but unevenly distributed. Three groups of papers associated with different goals of biosphere reserves were identified: capacity building, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. In general, each group is associated with different methodological approaches and different regions of the world. The results indicate the importance of scale dynamics and trade-offs between goals, which are advanced as important leverage points for the success of biosphere reserves. Building on the gaps identified in the literature, a research agenda is proposed, focusing on the need to investigate mechanisms for holistic research, outcomes and trade-offs, transformations for social-ecological fit and institutions for integrated management across scales.

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Hedden-Dunkhorst, Bettina, and Florian Schmitt. "Exploring the Potential and Contribution of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves for Landscape Governance and Management in Africa." Land 9, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9080237.

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United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Biosphere Reserves strive for a harmonious interaction between humans and nature. As landscapes provide suitable units to mutually address matters of conservation and sustainable development, this study aims to explore the potential and realized contribution of biosphere reserves for landscape governance and management. We emphasize the role of stakeholder participation and cooperation as an overarching condition for integrated landscape approaches. The regional focus is on Africa, where multiple drivers of global and local change currently significantly impact the landscape. The study’s results are based on a literature review, which is complemented by four case studies from the biosphere reserves in Ghana, Malawi, South Africa, and Benin/Togo. Findings show that in biosphere reserves, stakeholder engagement is crucial to gain community acceptance, foster intersectoral cooperation, and provide management with more legitimacy. To strengthen stakeholders’ capacities to mutually achieve conservation and development outcomes, international partnerships and research and education efforts proved to be successful. The flexible biosphere reserve approach to governance, which allows for integration with other land-management approaches, offers a suitable governance model for a landscape. Moreover, the biosphere reserve zonation concept can provide orientation to manage the “multifunctionality” of a landscape and address the associated trade-offs between different stakeholders’ aspirations.

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Beeri, Itai, Dan Gottlieb, Ido Izhaki, Tzipi Eshet, and Noam Cohen. "The Impact of Training on Druze Entrepreneurs’ Attitudes Towards and Intended Behaviors Regarding Local Sustainability Governance: A Field Experiment at the Mount Carmel Biosphere Reserve." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 4584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114584.

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This article expands our understanding of biosphere reserve management by exploring the effect of green business-guidance training. Biosphere reserves promote conservation while enabling sustainable use by local communities, in keeping with the notion of local sustainability governance. In practice, however, many local communities regard biosphere reserves as an obstacle to their economic growth and prosperity, resulting in active resistance to them. Given this complexity, we ask whether green business-guidance training changes entrepreneurs’ attitudes towards and intended behaviors regarding local sustainability governance. To test this question empirically, we used action research and designed a before-and-after field experiment in the Mount Carmel Biosphere Reserve in Israel. Our findings suggest that green business-guidance training has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurs’ attitudes towards and intended behaviors regarding local sustainability governance and that biosphere reserve managements can improve local sustainability governance performance via training. We discuss our findings and suggest new paths for research in theory and practice.

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Clark, John R. "Management of Coastal Barrier Biosphere Reserves." BioScience 41, no. 5 (May 1991): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1311587.

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Mammadova, Aida, Aleksandr Redkin, Tatiana Beketova, and Christopher D. Smith. "Community Engagement in UNESCO Biosphere Reserves and Geoparks: Case Studies from Mount Hakusan in Japan and Altai in Russia." Land 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020227.

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UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) and the International Geoscience and Geoparks Programme (IGGP) are two themes in UNESCO’s Natural Science Sector. Biosphere Reserves of the MAB Programme are more focused on building international, regional, sub-regional, and ecosystem-specific cooperation as “learning places’’ for sustainable development with a focus on biodiversity. The IGGP supports research and capacity development in Earth Sciences and comprises two sub-programmes: the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) and the UNESCO Global Geoparks Programme (UGGP). UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGps) use a bottom-up approach to engage local communities in capacity building, via tourism development, with the common goal of promoting and protecting the area’s geological and cultural heritage. Here, we present the results of comparing local involvement from two case studies from Japan, the Mount Hakusan Biosphere Reserve and the National Mount Hakusan Tedori-river Geopark, along with two case studies from Russia, the Altaisky Biosphere Reserve and the regional Geopark Altai. In this study, we found more involvement by local community members in the Geopark than in the Biosphere Reserve in Japan. The Russian case studies show a complete opposite result with more involvement of local communities in the BRs, and less participation in Geopark management. The purpose of this project was to provide information to improve local involvement in both Japanese and Russian Biosphere Reserves and Geoparks through changes in education and management styles.

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Koy, Justin Kyale, Alphonse Maindo Monga Ngonga, and D. Andrew Wardell. "Moving beyond the illusion of participation in the governance of Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of Congo)." Nature Conservation 33 (April 22, 2019): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.33.30781.

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The participation of local communities in the governance of protected areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo is challenged by several external and local factors. This article aims to understand the representation of local communities and factors that influence their participation in the governance of the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve. Three principal sources of information (archival records, focus group and semi-structured interviews) were used to collect data. The results indicate a top-down participatory approach. The cumulative failure of several projects in the context of local development has led to different perceptions by local communities of their role in the participative governance of Yangambi Biosphere Reserve. Initiatives in participatory management and local development only function during the lifetime of externally-funded projects when initiators are present in the intervention area. The results call into question formal claims made by both conservation projects and the Congolese government regarding the actual participation of local communities in the governance of Biosphere Reserves. Furthermore, although Biosphere Reserves in DRC are recognized as part of the national network of protected areas since 2002, their management is still not aligned to either the Seville Strategy or the statutory framework of the world network of Biosphere Reserves. To achieve this, local development initiatives need to focus on poverty alleviation (through the diversification of income sources, entrepreneurship, farmer training and the creation of employment opportunities) and a better understanding of local practices and cultures in the design of such projects.

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Kipute, D. D., S. W. Mampeta, J.-M. M. Kahindo, U. D. M. Lelo, R. Sufo Kankeu, J. D. Sonwa, V. D. Joiris, and J.-P. M. Mate. "Complexity of zoning management in biosphere reserves: the case of the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve in DRC." International Forestry Review 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554821832140358.

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Riparian communities activities threaten conservation in biosphere reserves in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (YBR) is no exception to this degradation. Thus, the objective of the presents study was to elucidate the local factors underlying the high pressure on natural resources and analyze the complexity of biosphere reserve zoning management using an interdisciplinary approach combining document review, field surveys and semi-structured interviews.<br/> Our results revealed that the zoning applied to the YBR did not take into account social dynamics. With population growth, the riparian community is doomed to remain in restricted areas, leading to over-exploitation of the space and land degradation, forcing the population to travel long distances to reach fertile plots into the protected area. Also, the lack of employment and the absence of participatory zoning also exacerbate tensions between the manager and the riparian community. For an effective management of the YBR, political authorities should become more involved in the participatory zoning of conservation areas and village exploitations. In addition, they should improve farming techniques to mitigate soil degradation.

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Pino-del-Carpio, Andrea, Rafael Miranda, and Jordi Puig. "Non-native freshwater fish management in Biosphere Reserves." Management of Biological Invasions 1, no. 1 (2010): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2010.1.1.04.

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Ibrahimov, Tahir O., and Rashad R. Sadullayev. "Crucial problems of the organization of biosphere reserves in Azerbaijan." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 31, no. 4 (January 8, 2023): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112258.

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The environment is an important issue even when society is faced with economic crises, wars, and unending social problems. It matters because Earth is the only home that humans have, and it provides air, food, and other needs. Economic development, demographic growth, increase in consumption due to increase in the income level of the population, climate changes and other reasons have resulted in an increase in the negative impact on the environment. Pollution of water basins with waste water, release of harmful gases into the atmosphere, reduction of biodiversity, soil erosion and salinization, deficiencies in the field of waste management are considered among the existing ecological problems. The paper deals with specific features of the organization of biosphere reserves in Azerbaijan. A significant challenge of our time is conserving biological diversity while maintaining economic development and cultural values. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization has established biosphere reserves within its Man and the Biosphere program as a model means for accomplishing this very challenge. The loss of cultural links and traditional knowledge has also been significant. Nevertheless, it remains a highly biodiversity area. Political barriers and institutional blockages will have to be removed to ensure this reserve fulfills its role as a model region for international collaboration and capacity building. These insights drawn from the Eastern Carpathians Biosphere Reserve demonstrate that biosphere reserves are indeed learning sites for sustainable development and that this case is exemplary in illustrating the challenges, but more importantly, the opportunities that arise when ensuring parallel care and respect for people and ecosystems through the model of trans boundary protected areas around the world.

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Viirret, Elina, Kaisa Raatikainen, Nora Fagerholm, Niina Käyhkö, and Petteri Vihervaara. "Ecosystem Services at the Archipelago Sea Biosphere Reserve in Finland: A Visitor Perspective." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020421.

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The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO’s) Biosphere Reserves aim to be flagships of sustainable landscapes. Many of them are important locations for tourism and leisure activities. We explored the perceptions of short-term visitors and summer residents on ecosystem services (ESs) tied to characteristic habitats of the Archipelago Sea Biosphere Reserve in Finland. During holiday season, we conducted structured on-field interviews with 74 Biosphere Reserve visitors. From these data, we gained information on the visitors’ appreciation of different ESs and the selected habitats. We also derived habitat-specific ES profiles. Excluding the reedbeds, most habitats were both highly valued and considered as important producers of the listed ESs. The derived ES profiles were partially overlapping and inclined towards appreciation of cultural services, and the importance of scenery was highlighted. Provisioning services were not particularly appreciated. We discovered several linkages among biodiversity, ESs, and recreational land uses. Certain habitats were found to be in need of protection under high recreational land-use pressure, but also potential synergies were found. Our method introduces an important socio-cultural perspective into the region’s land management that aims to find a balance between the protection of the Biosphere Reserve’s unique biodiversity and the need to support sustainable local livelihoods and tourism.

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Batisse, Michel. "New Prospects for Biosphere Reserves." Environmental Conservation 22, no. 4 (1995): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900034986.

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Těšitel, Jan, and Drahomíra Kušová. "Biosphere Reserves - Suggested Model of the Institution of Commons (Case study of the Šumava Biosphere Reserve)." Journal of Landscape Ecology 3, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10285-012-0028-x.

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Biosphere Reserves - Suggested Model of the Institution of Commons (Case study of the Šumava Biosphere Reserve)An attempt to address the interdependence between human economies and natural ecosystems has been articulated in ecological economics, among others, in terms of ecosystem services. Introducing ecosystem services yields positive result in the sense that the theoretical concept of cultural landscape has been complemented by the more or less effective political scheme, suitable as a basis for practical decision making. Nevertheless, practical management of ecosystem services on landscape scale is a rather complex task. The concept ofinstitution of commonscould be suggested to be used when dealing with the problem of implementation of ecosystem services concept in practice. The overall aim of the contribution is to discuss whether or not, or to which extent,UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, the modern strategy in biodiversity conservation backed up by internationally agreed upon conventions, can be used as a model for institution of commons in landscape-scale nature protection. The discussion is based on empirical evidence gained within a long-term research conducted in the Šumava Biosphere Reserve, Czech Republic.

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Stojanović, Vladimir, Sanja Tišma, Jelena Dunjić, Maja Mijatov, and Damir Demonja. "Concept of ecotourism development in UNESCO biosphere reserves." Šumarski list 146, no. 5-6 (June 30, 2022): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.146.5-6.6.

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Ecotourism is a sustainable form of tourism in protected areas that provides support for nature protection and sustainable development of local communities. Biosphere reserves are special areas with a relatively original nature and active socio-economic development, as well as with cultural characteristics that must be in harmony with the ecological environment. Understanding the interaction of environmental, economic and social factors in a biosphere reserve is the basis for setting the concept of sustainable development of ecotourism. In respect to that, this paper includes an analysis of the concepts of ecotourism within the protected areas Kopački rit (Croatia) and Gornje Podunavlje (Serbia), in the biosphere reserves Mura – Drava – Dunav (Croatia) and Bačko Podunavlje (Serbia), with the main aim of making a comparative analysis of their organization. The main findings are providing the knowledge basis in terms of nature protection according to the national legislation and international nature protection statuses, nature degradation and challenges of protected area management, organization of tourism, cooperation between nature protection and tourism development, projects supporting the nature protection and ecotourism development and involvement of the local population.

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Oliva, Malena, Eduardo García-Frapolli, Luciana Porter-Bolland, and Salvador Montiel. "(Dis)agreements in the management of conservation conflicts in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, Mexico." Environmental Conservation 47, no. 4 (October 12, 2020): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892920000375.

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SummaryTo manage widespread conservation conflicts, building a shared understanding among the parties involved has been considered key. However, there is little empirical evidence of the role this understanding might play in the context of imposed biosphere reserves. Using semi-structured and in-depth interviews in two communities within the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, we explored whether or not there is a shared understanding of conflicts between local people and reserve managers, and we analysed its contribution to conflict management. We found that a shared understanding is not a determining factor when the conflict solution demands actions that exceed stakeholders’ functions. While a shared understanding helps with the global process of conflict management, there are other challenges: local impairment resulting from the exclusionary creation and the operation of protected areas and the need for action to solve a conflict that exceeds the functions of stakeholders.

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Yoh, Natalie, Isham Azhar, Katheryn V. Fitzgerald, Rieka Yu, Tenaja Smith-Butler, Azniza Mahyudin, and Tigga Kingston. "Bat Ensembles Differ in Response to Use Zones in a Tropical Biosphere Reserve." Diversity 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12020060.

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Biosphere reserves, designated under The United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) Man and Biosphere Programme, aim to sustainably integrate protected areas into the biological and economic landscape around them by buffering strictly protected habitats with zones of limited use. However, the effectiveness of biosphere reserves and the contribution of the different zones of use to protection is poorly known. We assessed the diversity and activity of bats in the Crocker Range Biosphere Reserve (CRBR) in Sabah, Malaysia, using harp traps, mist nets and acoustic surveys in each zone—core, buffer, transition and in agricultural plots outside of the reserve. We captured 30 species, bringing the known bat fauna of CRBR to 50 species, half of Borneo’s bat species. Species composition and acoustic activity varied among zones and by foraging ensemble, with the core and buffer showing particular importance for conserving forest-dependent insectivorous bats. Frugivorous bats were found in all zones but were the most abundant and most species-rich ensemble within agricultural sites. Although sampling was limited, bat diversity and activity was low in the transition zone compared to other zones, indicating potential for management practices that increase food availability and enhance biodiversity value. We conclude that, collectively, the zones of the CRBR effectively protect diversity, but the value of the transition zone can be improved.

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Yashina, Tatjana. "Adaptation to climate change in the biosphere reserves: a case study of Katunskiy Biosphere Reserve, Russia." eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research) 3, no. 1 (2011): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-3-1s59.

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Huber, Michael, and Arne Arnberger. "Factors Influencing the Level of Local Participation in Planning and Management of the Planned Salzburger Lungau & Kärntner Nockberge Biosphere Reserve in Austria." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 9685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179685.

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The participation of the local population in the planning and management of biosphere reserves is one of the preconditions for success. While numerous studies underpin its importance, few studies have addressed to what extent participation is desired by local residents and which factors determine the level of participation. A postal survey among local residents (n = 449) explored factors influencing their willingness to participate in the planning and management of the Salzburger Lungau & Kärntner Nockberge Biosphere Reserve in Austria before it was officially recognised by UNESCO. By applying the “Theory of Planned Behaviour”, the study found a high willingness to be involved among the local population, but a considerable variance as to what extent. Regression models showed a strong influence of perceived behavioural control and the social environment, whereas the factors identified in previous studies were less relevant. The results show that the readiness to become active seems to be higher than expected by local bodies and more linked to the design of the participatory process or other barriers. The results support the biosphere reserve management in developing appropriate participatory approaches to maximise satisfaction with participation and management success.

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Bell, Andrew. "Geographic solutions through UNESCO World Biosphere Reserves." International Journal of Biodiversity Science & Management 2, no. 3 (September 2006): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451590609618121.

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Yazdandoost, Mahmood Yekeh. "Strategic Planning for Sustainable Biosphere Reserves Management through CBMS Program." Journal of Global Resources 06, no. 01 (December 31, 2019): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46587/jgr.2019.v06i01.011.

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Margelienė, Jolanta, and Aušra Budrienė. "The System of Lithuanian Protected Territories from Environment Conservation Point of View." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 6, 2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol1.817.

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The article analyses the system of Lithuanian protected territories as well as their types form environment conservation point of view. The system of protected territories of LR includes the following types of areas: 6 state reserves, 1 biosphere reserve, 396 strict reserves, 5 national parks, 30 regional parks, 29 biosphere polygons and 3 recuperation plots. The system of protected territories, the order of establishment, management and the legal basics of protection of protected territories is determined by the law of protected areas of LR that was approved in 1993. The purpose of reserves is to preserve unique landscape complexes, their biota gene pool, to organize scientific research and observation, to promote natural and cultural values. The aims of the establishment of Lithuanian national and regional parks are not only to preserve naturally and culturally valuable landscape but also to support ethno cultural traditions of Lithuanian regions and to provide conditions for recreation. The purpose of strict reserves is to preserve the complexes of natural and cultural heritage or separate landscape elements, plant and animal species, to secure landscape diversity and ecological balance. Live and inanimate natural monuments are preserved naturally for scientific, cultural, educational and aesthetic needs. The purpose of biosphere polygons is to preserve bird species by assuring favorable conditions, to perform the monitoring of protected species, scientific research, etc. The aim of the recuperation plots is to restore natural resources. The system of Lithuanian legal acts allows applying such limitations that are necessary to preserve existing values in every protected territory.

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König, Hannes Jochen, Sandra Uthes, Emu-Felicitas Ostermann-Miyashita, Luca Eufemia, Karoline Hemminger, Till Hermanns, Claudia Bethwell, Ulrich Stachow, and Katharina Helming. "UNESCO biosphere reserves show demand for multifunctional agriculture." Journal of Environmental Management 320 (October 2022): 115790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115790.

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Abdul Rahaman, S., and R. Venkatesh. "APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE FOR MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN THE NILGIRI BIOSPHERE RESERVE AND ITS ECOSYSTEM OF WESTERN GHATS, INDIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-933-2020.

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Abstract. Biosphere Reserves are archetypal parts of natural and cultural landscapes encompassing over large area of different ecosystem, it represents bio-geographic zones of an region. Globally, the areas of biosphere reserve is shrinking and exploiting due to the extreme climatic condition, natural calamities and anthropogenic activities, which leads to environmental and land degradation. In this paper Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBSR) area has been selected and it represents a biodiversity-rich ecosystem in the Western Ghats and includes two of the ten biogeographical provinces of India. Amongst the most insubstantial ecosystems in the world, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is bearing the substance of climate change evident in increasingly unpredictable rainfall and higher temperatures during recent years. The region was mostly unscathed till two centuries ago, but has witnessed large-scale destruction ever since. In this scenario, a need of application of remote sensing and advance machine learning techniques to monitor environmental degradation and its ecosystem in NBSR is more essential. The objective of the present study is to develop satellite image classification techniques that can reliably to map forest cover and land use, and provide the basis for long-term monitoring. Advanced image classification techniques on the cloud-based platform Google Earth Engine (GEE) for mapping vegetation and land use types, and analyse their spatial distributions. To restore degraded ecosystems to their natural conditions through proper management and conservation practices. In order to understand the nature of environmental degradation and its ecosystem in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve; following thematic criteria’s were grouped in to four major indicators such as Terrain Indicator (TI), Environmental Indicator (EI), Hydro-Meteorological Indicator (HMI) and Socio-Economic Indicator (SEI). The utilisation of remote sensing product of huge datasets and various data product in analysis and advanced machine learning algorithm through Google earth engine are indispensable. After extraction of all the thematic layers by using multi criteria decision and fuzzy linear member based weight and ranks were assigned and overlay in GIS environment at a common pixel size of 30 m. Based on the analysis the resultant layer has been classified into five environmental degraded classes i.e., very high, high, moderate, slight and no degradation. This study is help to identify the degradation and long term monitoring and suggest the appropriate conservation, management and policies, it is a time to implement and protect the Nilgiri biosphere reserves without hindering present stage of natural environment in a sustainable manner.

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FALL, JULIET J. "Transboundary biosphere reserves: a new framework for cooperation." Environmental Conservation 26, no. 4 (December 1999): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892999000363.

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Despite the increasing call for cooperation amongst the states parties to the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (UNTS 3069; see especially its Articles 5, 17, 18 and 20), the management of protected areas adjacent to political borders is rarely thought of as a common necessity for neighbouring countries. Setting up a zone dedicated to conservation is already a formidable challenge in the face of strongly competing interests for land. Bringing this about with two or more sovereign states sometimes seems a ‘gratuitous layer of complexity that spells almost certain failure’ (Westing 1998b). Nevertheless, transboundary protected areas are becoming increasingly common (IUCN, unpublished 1998). In fact, no less than 136 such protected area complexes involving over 406 individual protected areas and 112 different international boundaries (Zbicz & Green 1997) have been identified around the world. If proposed areas are also included, this figure can be pushed up to 200 complexes (Brunner 1998).

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Ter-Ghazaryan, Diana, and Joel T. Heinen. "Commentary: Reserve Management during Transition: The Case of Issyk-Kul Biosphere and Nature Reserves, Kyrgyzstan." Environmental Practice 8, no. 1 (March 2006): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466046606060017.

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Aschenbrand, Erik, and Thomas Michler. "Why Do UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Get Less Recognition than National Parks? A Landscape Research Perspective on Protected Area Narratives in Germany." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 13647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413647.

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This paper explores how landscape research can contribute to our understanding of why integrated protected area concepts like biosphere reserves get less recognition than national parks. In this regard, we analysed policy documents and online communication of biosphere reserves and national parks, conducted qualitative interviews with conservation professionals and volunteers as well as participant observation in order to identify and compare narratives that guide the communication and perception of both protected area categories. The results show how national parks offer a clear interpretation of space by building on landscape stereotypes and creating landscape legibility and experience-ability through touristification. National Parks also experience conflicts about proper management and combine a variety of goals, often including regional development. Nevertheless, their narrative is unambiguous and powerful. Biosphere reserves, on the other hand, have an image problem that is essentially due to the difficulty of communicating their objectives. They confront the difficult task of creating a vision that combines development and conservation while integrating contrarious landscape stereotypes. We argue for a fundamental engagement with protected area narratives, as this improves understanding of protected areas’ transformative potential.

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Romano, Joaquin, Emilio Pérez-Chinarro, and Byron V. Coral. "Network of Landscapes in the Sustainable Management of Transboundary Biosphere Reserves." Land 9, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9090320.

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The creation of Transboundary Biosphere Reserves (TBRs) is one of the most outstanding contributions of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB). Recent revisions have shown that there is a gap between its biodiversity conservation proposals and the theoretical convergence of nations towards sustainable development goals with the practices in action. By applying the landscape approach to the case study of the rural system of the Spanish–Portuguese border, declared Meseta Ibérica TBR (MITBR), it is verified that the spatial zoning of TBRs is a prominent factor in this gap, since they do not correspond to the landscape units and bioregions. This has led to the formulation and implementation of strategic proposals for the reorientation of TBRs towards the stimulation of landscape networks in the transboundary framework. Agroecological networks in this territory stand out, which brings together one of the highest concentrations of indigenous breeds in Europe. A breeder replacement experience was carried out based on the social networks of the MITBR that protect the landscape. The main conclusion of this article is that TBRs are effective in practice through the promotion of cross-border networks of governance and social participation, and mainly through agroecological ones due to their outstanding effect on biodiversity.

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Reed, Maureen G., and Felicitas Egunyu. "Management effectiveness in UNESCO Biosphere Reserves: Learning from Canadian periodic reviews." Environmental Science & Policy 25 (January 2013): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.09.008.

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Kušová, Drahomíra, Jan Těšitel, Karel Matějka, and Michael Bartoš. "Biosphere reserves—An attempt to form sustainable landscapes." Landscape and Urban Planning 84, no. 1 (January 2008): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.06.006.

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STOLL-KLEEMANN, S., A. C. DE LA VEGA-LEINERT, and L. SCHULTZ. "The role of community participation in the effectiveness of UNESCO Biosphere Reserve management: evidence and reflections from two parallel global surveys." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 3 (June 2, 2010): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689291000038x.

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SUMMARYBiodiversity management has traditionally followed two contradictory approaches. One champions ecosystem protection through rigorous law enforcement and exclusion of humans. The other promotes community-based sustainable use of natural resources. Participatory conservation, a major paradigm shift, nowadays strongly guides the concept of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs). In this paper, the rationale for community participation, and the perception of its effectiveness among BR managers are analysed. Within the World Network of BRs (553 sites in 107 countries) diverse participatory approaches are being tried to advance community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). Data from two parallel surveys, involving managers from 276 BRs worldwide, reveal how far this participation paradigm shift has really occurred, and its influence on managers’ self-evaluated effectiveness. There is substantial regional disparity, although in general BR managers endorse inclusive conservation, despite critical implementation hurdles. The process of participatory conservation carries new dangers for effective biosphere reserve management, when the aspirations of communities and other stakeholders do not ‘fit’ with a predetermined interpretation of sustainable development.

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Brunckhorst, D. "Building capital through bioregional planning and biosphere reserves." Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics 1 (February 1, 2001): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esep001019.

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PFUELLER, SHARRON L. "Role of bioregionalism in Bookmark Biosphere Reserve, Australia." Environmental Conservation 35, no. 2 (June 2008): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892908004839.

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SUMMARYBioregionalism claims that interaction between the biophysical and human components of a region generates place-based environmental and social understanding and concern, which lead to locally shared power and responsibility in cooperative land management and governance. The Man and the Biosphere Programme's Seville Strategy calls for local community participation in a multi-stakeholder ecosystem-based approach to conservation, but it is unclear if tenets of bioregionalism play a role in its implementation. Bookmark Biosphere Reserve (BBR) in Australia has substantially succeeded in scientific research and monitoring, conservation, environmental education and sustainable land-use initiatives. Aspects of bioregionalism (for example recognition of the region's unique identity, local community sense of responsibility, integration of local knowledge, presence of motivated local leaders and cooperative community-based management through a network of groups) have contributed to success. Other crucial factors were funding, technical and scientific information and support from government agencies, leadership from members of state and federal government and from private philanthropic foundations, community capacity-building for sustainable land management and availability of volunteers from outside the region. Nevertheless, conflict arose in relation to governance, originating from the recognized difficulties of reconciling a diversity of allegiances, motivations, management styles and personalities, and resulted in division of BBR into two, one section being managed largely through the private sector and community volunteers, the other (renamed Riverland Biosphere Reserve) coordinated by a committee with more diverse affiliations. Bioregionalism can play a role in biosphere reserves but motivations and resources of external public and private organizations are also vital. Avoiding weaknesses of bioregional approaches requires greater attention to social aspects of environmental management. Governance structures and processes need to be inclusive, flexible and equitable in decision making and access to funds. They should support both agency and community-initiated activities and include conflict resolution mechanisms.

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Karam, Sarah, Giuliano Martiniello, Ali Chalak, Mounir Abi-Said, and Shadi Kamal Hamadeh. "Biosphere Reserves in Lebanon: Rifts between Conservation Discourse and Practice." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 12411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212411.

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Protected areas (PA), especially biosphere reserves (BR), are considered effective instruments for nature conservation and rural development. However, their impact on rural communities constitutes the most controversial debate in conservation policy and practice. This study aims to reveal the perceptions of local communities towards conservation, the extent of the inclusion of local communities in the establishment and management of a BR and the impact of BRs on local livelihoods by exploring a case study while reflecting on major debates in the conservation and rural development paradigms. Mixed research methods focusing on qualitative methodology are used. By exploring a BR in Lebanon, this research highlights how the allocation and management of the BRs have not always reflected participatory, sustainable and community-based approaches. This study stresses the importance of the locals’ engagement in the whole conservation process. By putting people, their needs and perceptions at the center of decision-making, conservation agencies would shift the main objective of BRs from conservation to poverty reduction.

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Trišić, Igor, Donatella Privitera, Snežana Štetić, Marko D. Petrović, Milan M. Radovanović, Marija Maksin, Dario Šimičević, Sara Stanić Jovanović, and Dobrila Lukić. "Sustainable Tourism to the Part of Transboundary UNESCO Biosphere Reserve “Mura-Drava-Danube”. A Case of Serbia, Croatia and Hungary." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 6006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106006.

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Biosphere reserves are protected areas vital for the preservation of living and inanimate nature, including the protection of anthropogenic values and cultural heritage. The basins of the Mura, Drava, and Danube rivers stretch through Slovenia, Croatia, Austria, Hungary, and Serbia and form a unique spatial unity. The Biosphere Reserve concept defines about 300,000 hectares of core and buffer zones and around 700,000 hectares of transition zones. This large, primarily marshy area is rich in natural and cultural heritage. This area is called “the Amazon of Europe” and represents the world’s first Transboundary UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, “Mura-Drava-Danube,” among five countries. This biosphere reserve is important for the preservation of the natural and cultural values of the entire region. Especially rare plant and animal representatives live in this unique geographical unity. Some species inhabit only this area. A total of 900,000 people living around this reserve have a rich cultural tradition and heritage that needs to be protected. The objective of the research is to examine the function that the selected protected areas have in the sustainable development of tourism. Quantitative methodology was used in the research. An analysis of the conducted questionnaire was performed using the SPSS v.21 software, as well as a comparative analysis of the attitudes of 1295 residents from three countries. Residents’ attitudes refer to the level of ecological, economic, socio-cultural, and institutional sustainability of this biosphere reserve as a tourist destination. The research results indicate that the four dimensions of sustainability have significant values and that the selected areas have an important function in the sustainable development of tourism.

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Purwanto, Y., Hari Nugroho, Anang Setiawan Achmadi, and Esti Munawaroh. "Biosphere Reserve Concept Implementation for Creating Sustainability." Journal of Tropical Ethnobiology 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46359/jte.v3i1.7.

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The main priority of UNESCO MAB program is to emphasize the implementation of biosphere reserve concept for achieving sustainable development. Biosphere reserve is a concept of site management to harmonize the needs for conservation of both land and coastal ecosystem with the need for economic development in the basis of research on the utilization of natural resources, including cultural resources recognized by UNESCO MAB Program in order to promote a balanced relationship between human and the nature. Principally, the concept of biosfer reserve is applied to bring the conservation of biological diversity into line with sustainable development for achieving a balanced relationship between human and the nature. The advantage of applying the biosphere reserve concept lays on the excellent combination of its three functions, namely: (1) The function associated with conservation of biological resources, ecosystems, and cultural diversity; (2) The function associated with development that supports and enriches sustainable economic development through an ecologicaly and culturally wise approach; and (3) The function associated with provision of logistics supports for various activities related with conservation and sustainable development, in a local, regional, national, or global context, including research, education, training, and monitoring. In implementing those three functions integratively, a zonation approach is applied, in which the site of biosphere reserve is devided into three different areas with specific functions and roles: (1) The core area: It is the area for conservation and it must have a firm, long-term legal protection for preserving the biodiversity, monitoring the undisturbed ecosystems or undertaking non-destructive research, and other “passive” activities such as education and training and ecosystem services; (2) The buffer zone: It is the area encircling or adjoining the core area that is determined to provide protection to the core area against the negative impacts of human activities; and (3) The transition area: The transition area. It is typically the largest part of the biosphere reserve area fuctioning to develope cooperation with local communities. It is established side by side with the buffer zone and this area is a place to develope models for sustainable development and develop an appropriate management of natural resources for the area. Biosphere reserves are used as a place to test and build a sustainable way of life through integrated programs of natural resources management and biodiversity conservation, with the objective to contribute in reducing poverty and increasing the living standard, especially of rural communities. In addition, the implementation of the biosphere reserve concept is also aimed to help reducing the loss of biodiversity, facilitating scientific development and bulding the capacity in the context of providing services neccessary for ecological sustainability.

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Kumar, Umesh. "Biosphere Reserves of India: Issues of Conservation and Conflict." Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India 68, no. 1 (June 2019): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277436x19845096.

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The biosphere reserves (BRs) of India are the repository of biodiversity as well as the abode of many traditional societies. Such traditional societies derive many of their livelihood requirements from the rich biodiversity around them. All the more, the BRs also contribute to food security of the people within their premises. Many of the forest-linked activities of the traditional societies are mediated through rich traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). Unfortunately, while the issues of biodiversity have been addressed at length, the cultural diversity has been relegated to the point of oblivion. The BR management, therefore, necessitates understanding not only of ecological issues, but also socio-economic and cultural issues linked with the former. The present article looks into the development of the concept of BR and issues related with it in general terms and with respect to India in particular. It also ponders over the measures to reduce pressure on BR resources.

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Schultz, Lisen, Andreas Duit, and Carl Folke. "Participation, Adaptive Co-management, and Management Performance in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves." World Development 39, no. 4 (April 2011): 662–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.09.014.

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Ferreira, Maria Inês Paes, Pamela Shaw, Graham Kenneth Sakaki, Taylor Alexander, Jade Golzio Barqueta Donnini, and Virgínia Vilas Boas Sá Rego. "Collaborative governance and watershed management in biosphere reserves in Brazil and Canada." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 13, no. 3 (May 15, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2225.

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Water management within vulnerable ecosystems managed by multiple jurisdictions can be very complex. This study compares regulatory environments and deconstructs the approaches used for watershed governance and environmental management inside two UNESCO’s Biosphere Reserves to identify possible transferability between the two management entities. Three methodological approaches were applied: participatory observation, in-depth interviews of key informants, and document research. We concluded that while there are differences between the regulatory frameworks and localized practices, at a foundational level the goals and desired outcomes relating to environmental protection are not dependent on location, but mainly on the integration and the establishment of common objectives among the diverse social actors involved in the management and from the interaction between different organisms of social control. Additionally, there are elements in the application of regulations and practices in both locales that could be transferred to other jurisdictions interested in addressing watershed protection in vulnerable ecosystems governed by multiple jurisdictions.

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Baumgartner, Julia, Elisa Kuntner, Johannes Melchert, Jan Misera, Carlotta Sauerwein-Schlosser, Christian Schleyer, and Nils Unthan. "Biosphere Reserves as drivers of regional governance? Communication challenges within the UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Engiadina Val Müstair (Switzerland) and Schwäbische Alb (Germany)." eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research) 15, no. 1 (2022): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-15-1s4.

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Peregrym, M., O. Vasyliuk, and E. Pénzesné Kónya. "Artificial Light at Night as a New Threat for Nature Conservation in Ukraine." Vestnik Zoologii 53, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2019-0041.

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Abstract Human society benefits a lot from artificial light at night (ALAN), but in the same time it has led to a significant increase in light pollution of the night sky during the past decades. It has serious consequences on reproduction, navigation, foraging, habitat selection, communication, trophic and social interactions of the biota. Also widespread incursion of ALAN within protected areas has been evidenced for some countries, including the National Nature Parks (NNPs), Biosphere and Nature Reserves in the Steppe Zone and Crimea Mountains of Ukraine. However, the common situation with ALAN impact on protected areas within Ukraine is unclear yet. This research attempted to estimate the level of light pollution on the NNPs, Biosphere and Nature Reserves in the Forest, Forest-Steppe zones and Carpathian Mountains within Ukraine. Kmz layers of these protected areas and the New World Atlas of Artificial Sky Brightness, through Google Earth Pro, were used to calculate the level of artificial sky brightness for 33 NNPs, 2 Biosphere Reserves and 9 Nature Reserves. The results show that majority of studied protected areas are impacted by ALAN, but some of them stay almost under the dark sky still. The situation is unique for Europe, therefore these areas have the special value for biodiversity conservation and can be recognized as refugia where natural habitats are not influenced by ALAN. Based on obtained results, recommendations for improving of nature conservation management are given in the context of ALAN problem.

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Jungmeier, Michael. "Biosphere reserves as a long-term intervention in a region – strategies, processes, topics and principles of different participative planning and management regimes of biosphere reserves." eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research) 3, no. 1 (2011): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-3-1s29.

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Moreira-Muñoz, Andrés, Marcelo Leguía, Eduardo Barros, and Rodrigo Calcagni. "Networking as a crucial step towards sustainability in biosphere reserves: 1st symposium Biosphere Reserves in Transition Towards Sustainability, Pucón (Chile), 20 October 2017." eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research) 10, no. 2 (2018): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-10-2s72.

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Baird, Julia, Ryan Plummer, Lisen Schultz, Derek Armitage, and Orjan Bodin. "Integrating Conservation and Sustainable Development Through Adaptive Co-management in UNESCO Biosphere Reserves." Conservation and Society 16, no. 4 (2018): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_17_58.

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RUIZ-MALLÉN, ISABEL, HELEN NEWING, LUCIANA PORTER-BOLLAND, DIANA J. PRITCHARD, EDUARDO GARCÍA-FRAPOLLI, M. ELENA MÉNDEZ-LÓPEZ, M. CONSUELO SÁNCHEZ-GONZALEZ, ANTONIO DE LA PEÑA, and VICTORIA REYES-GARCÍA. "Cognisance, participation and protected areas in the Yucatan Peninsula." Environmental Conservation 41, no. 3 (November 28, 2013): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892913000507.

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SUMMARYLocal people's involvement in the management of conservation initiatives is central to ongoing debates on the relative merits of distinct biodiversity conservation models. Since different governance models provide distinct opportunities for local people to participate in the management of protected areas, their knowledge of these governance models and motivation to collaborate will vary. This paper analyses cognisance and participation in (1) government-imposed biosphere reserves and (2) community conservation areas, in which ecotourism projects take place. Qualitative and quantitative data (n = 205) were gathered in two indigenous communities in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Whereas local cognisance of community-driven conservation initiatives is not always greater than cognisance of government-imposed Biosphere Reserves, local participation is always greater. Cognisance of and participation in conservation initiatives depend on the management approach, extent of external resource support, and a community's social organization. Gender and land holding status influence access to information about conservation initiatives, since men with land rights had more access than other people. More participatory mechanisms for decision-making and direct communication strategies between managers and local people are required to improve communities’ involvement in conservation.

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Jungmeier, Michael, Axel Borsdorf, Valerie Braun, Volker Häring, Thomas Hammer, and Christina Pichler-Koban. "Pärke, Parks and Reservate – biosphere reserves in Austria, Germany and Switzerland on their way towards Biosphere 4.0?" eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research) 13, special issue (2021): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis15.

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Bires, Zemenu, and Sahil Raj. "Tourism as a pathway to livelihood diversification: Evidence from biosphere reserves, Ethiopia." Tourism Management 81 (December 2020): 104159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104159.

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FIGUEROA, FERNANDA, VÍCTOR SÁNCHEZ-CORDERO, JORGE A. MEAVE, and IRMA TREJO. "Socioeconomic context of land use and land cover change in Mexican biosphere reserves." Environmental Conservation 36, no. 3 (September 2009): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892909990221.

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SUMMARYLand use/land cover change (LULC) is a major threat to natural protected areas worldwide. This paper explores the relationships between four estimated LULC parameters for 17 Mexican biosphere reserves (BRs) for 1993–2002 on a GIS platform, and ten socioeconomic factors obtained from census data. These relationships were tested through linear correlations and multivariate analysis. BRs showed lower human demographic pressure, but higher population dispersion, social marginality, percentage of rain-fed agriculture area, and dependence upon agriculture and cattle compared to nationwide values. BRs also varied in their indigenous population, and showed cattle overpopulation, and low immigration and road density. Socioeconomic factors explained 87% of LULC variation. High population and road density, cattle overpopulation and low percentage indigenous population were related to percentage of transformed area (2002). Conversely, small population and road density, large proportion of indigenous population and high dependency on agriculture and cattle, were related to the rate of change in transformed area (1993–2002). High human population growth and urban concentration occurred when BRs suffered higher LULC than their corresponding ecoregions. Including socioeconomic conditions prevailing in BRs and their influence on LULC in reserve management and rural development planning will improve strategies for the confluence of conservation and development goals.

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Pino-Del-Carpio, Andrea, Arturo H. Ariño, Ana Villarroya, Jordi Puig, and Rafael Miranda. "The biodiversity data knowledge gap: Assessing information loss in the management of Biosphere Reserves." Biological Conservation 173 (May 2014): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.020.

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Egner, Heike, Julia Falkner, Michael Jungmeier, and Daniel Zollner. "Institutionalizing cooperation between biosphere reserves and universities – the example of Science_Linknockberge." eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research) 9, no. 2 (2017): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-9-2s77.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Biosphere reserves – Management'

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