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Journal articles on the topic 'Biosensors'
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1
Hua, Yu, Jiaming Ma, Dachao Li, and Ridong Wang. "DNA-Based Biosensors for the Biochemical Analysis: A Review." Biosensors 12, no. 3 (March 20, 2022): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12030183.
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In recent years, DNA-based biosensors have shown great potential as the candidate of the next generation biomedical detection device due to their robust chemical properties and customizable biosensing functions. Compared with the conventional biosensors, the DNA-based biosensors have advantages such as wider detection targets, more durable lifetime, and lower production cost. Additionally, the ingenious DNA structures can control the signal conduction near the biosensor surface, which could significantly improve the performance of biosensors. In order to show a big picture of the DNA biosensor’s advantages, this article reviews the background knowledge and recent advances of DNA-based biosensors, including the functional DNA strands-based biosensors, DNA hybridization-based biosensors, and DNA templated biosensors. Then, the challenges and future directions of DNA-based biosensors are discussed and proposed.
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Schackart, Kenneth E., and Jeong-Yeol Yoon. "Machine Learning Enhances the Performance of Bioreceptor-Free Biosensors." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 5519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165519.
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Since their inception, biosensors have frequently employed simple regression models to calculate analyte composition based on the biosensor’s signal magnitude. Traditionally, bioreceptors provide excellent sensitivity and specificity to the biosensor. Increasingly, however, bioreceptor-free biosensors have been developed for a wide range of applications. Without a bioreceptor, maintaining strong specificity and a low limit of detection have become the major challenge. Machine learning (ML) has been introduced to improve the performance of these biosensors, effectively replacing the bioreceptor with modeling to gain specificity. Here, we present how ML has been used to enhance the performance of these bioreceptor-free biosensors. Particularly, we discuss how ML has been used for imaging, Enose and Etongue, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) biosensors. Notably, principal component analysis (PCA) combined with support vector machine (SVM) and various artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms have shown outstanding performance in a variety of tasks. We anticipate that ML will continue to improve the performance of bioreceptor-free biosensors, especially with the prospects of sharing trained models and cloud computing for mobile computation. To facilitate this, the biosensing community would benefit from increased contributions to open-access data repositories for biosensor data.
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Turdean, Graziella L. "Design and Development of Biosensors for the Detection of Heavy Metal Toxicity." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/343125.
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Many compounds (including heavy metals, HMs) used in different fields of industry and/or agriculture act as inhibitors of enzymes, which, as consequence, are unable to bind the substrate. Even if it is not so sensitive, the method for detecting heavy metal traces using biosensors has a dynamic trend and is largely applied for improving the “life quality”, because of biosensor's sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity. In the last years, they also become more and more a synergetic combination between biotechnology and microelectronics. Dedicated biosensors were developed for offline and online analysis, and also, their extent and diversity could be called a real “biosensor revolution”. A panel of examples of biosensors: enzyme-, DNA-, imuno-, whole-cell-based biosensors were systematised depending on the reaction type, transduction signal, or analytical performances. The mechanism of enzyme-based biosensor and the kinetic of detection process are described and compared. In this context, is explainable why bioelectronics, nanotechnology, miniaturization, and bioengineering will compete for developing sensitive and selective biosensors able to determine multiple analytes simultaneously and/or integrated in wireless communications systems.
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Štukovnik, Zala, Regina Fuchs-Godec, and Urban Bren. "Nanomaterials and Their Recent Applications in Impedimetric Biosensing." Biosensors 13, no. 10 (September 22, 2023): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13100899.
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Impedimetric biosensors measure changes in the electrical impedance due to a biochemical process, typically the binding of a biomolecule to a bioreceptor on the sensor surface. Nanomaterials can be employed to modify the biosensor’s surface to increase the surface area available for biorecognition events, thereby improving the sensitivity and detection limits of the biosensor. Various nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, and graphene oxide nanoparticles, have been investigated for impedimetric biosensors. These nanomaterials have yielded promising results in improving sensitivity, selectivity, and overall biosensor performance. Hence, they offer a wide range of possibilities for developing advanced biosensing platforms that can be employed in various fields, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. This review focuses on the recent developments in nanoparticle-functionalized electrochemical-impedimetric biosensors.
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Generalov, Vladimir, Anastasia Cheremiskina, Alexander Glukhov, Victoria Grabezhova, Margarita Kruchinina, and Alexander Safatov. "Investigation of Limitations in the Detection of Antibody + Antigen Complexes Using the Silicon-on-Insulator Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor." Sensors 23, no. 17 (August 29, 2023): 7490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177490.
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The SOI-FET biosensor (silicon-on-insulator field-effect transistor) for virus detection is a promising device in the fields of medicine, virology, biotechnology, and the environment. However, the applications of modern biosensors face numerous problems and require improvement. Some of these problems can be attributed to sensor design, while others can be attributed to technological limitations. The aim of this work is to conduct a theoretical investigation of the “antibody + antigen” complex (AB + AG) detection processes of a SOI-FET biosensor, which may also solve some of the aforementioned problems. Our investigation concentrates on the analysis of the probability of AB + AG complex detection and evaluation. Poisson probability density distribution was used to estimate the probability of the adsorption of the target molecules on the biosensor’s surface and, consequently, to obtain correct detection results. Many implicit and unexpected causes of error detection have been identified for AB + AG complexes using SOI-FET biosensors. We showed that accuracy and time of detection depend on the number of SOI-FET biosensors on a crystal.
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Damborský, Pavel, Juraj Švitel, and Jaroslav Katrlík. "Optical biosensors." Essays in Biochemistry 60, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20150010.
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Optical biosensors represent the most common type of biosensor. Here we provide a brief classification, a description of underlying principles of operation and their bioanalytical applications. The main focus is placed on the most widely used optical biosensors which are surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors including SPR imaging and localized SPR. In addition, other optical biosensor systems are described, such as evanescent wave fluorescence and bioluminescent optical fibre biosensors, as well as interferometric, ellipsometric and reflectometric interference spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman scattering biosensors. The optical biosensors discussed here allow the sensitive and selective detection of a wide range of analytes including viruses, toxins, drugs, antibodies, tumour biomarkers and tumour cells.
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Teh, Yijun, Asral Bahari Jambek, and Uda Hashim. "The latest trend in nano-bio sensor signal analysis." Sensor Review 36, no. 3 (June 20, 2016): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-08-2015-0132.
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Purpose This paper aims to discuss a nanoscale biosensor and its signal analysis algorithms. Design/methodology/approach In this work, five nanoscale biosensors are reviewed, namely, silicon nanowire field-effect-transistor biosensors, polysilicon nanogap capacitive biosensors, nanotube amperometric biosensors, gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors and quantum dot-based electrochemical biosensors. Findings Each biosensor produces a different output signal depending on its electrical characteristics. Five signal analysers are studied, with most of the existing signal analyser analyses based on the amplitude of the signal. Based on the analysis, auto-threshold peak detection is proposed for further work. Originality/value Suitability of the signal processing algorithm to be applied to nano-biosensors was reported.
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Wang, Yunjie. "Application of Electrochemical Biosensors for Chemical Hazards Detection." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 3 (July 8, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v3i.686.
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Electrochemical biosensor is a subject that has received the most attention from scientists in recent years. It is not only related to human life but also natural environment. Research on electrochemical biosensors is also cross-linked with many other scientific fields, such as nanomaterials and hazardous chemical detection. In this research, electrochemical biosensor is discussed by divided into three types, including potentiometric, amperometric, and voltammetric biosensors. The unique mechanism, advantages and application of these electrochemical biosensors is also introduced in this article. Potentiometric biosensor is frequently used for phosphate, toxicity and heavy metal detection. Amperometric biosensors are usually combined with enzymes for the identification of additives in products and contaminants in water. Voltammetric biosensors are most commonly used for blood glucose testing, but can also detect many tastes.
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Saha, Soumyadeep, Manoj Sachdev, and Sushanta K. Mitra. "Recent advances in label-free optical, electrochemical, and electronic biosensors for glioma biomarkers." Biomicrofluidics 17, no. 1 (January 2023): 011502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0135525.
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Gliomas are the most commonly occurring primary brain tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Currently, the diagnostic and monitoring options for glioma mainly revolve around imaging techniques, which often provide limited information and require supervisory expertise. Liquid biopsy is a great alternative or complementary monitoring protocol that can be implemented along with other standard diagnosis protocols. However, standard detection schemes for sampling and monitoring biomarkers in different biological fluids lack the necessary sensitivity and ability for real-time analysis. Lately, biosensor-based diagnostic and monitoring technology has attracted significant attention due to several advantageous features, including high sensitivity and specificity, high-throughput analysis, minimally invasive, and multiplexing ability. In this review article, we have focused our attention on glioma and presented a literature survey summarizing the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers associated with glioma. Further, we discussed different biosensory approaches reported to date for the detection of specific glioma biomarkers. Current biosensors demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity, which can be used for point-of-care devices or liquid biopsies. However, for real clinical applications, these biosensors lack high-throughput and multiplexed analysis, which can be achieved via integration with microfluidic systems. We shared our perspective on the current state-of-the-art different biosensor-based diagnostic and monitoring technologies reported and the future research scopes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review focusing on biosensors for glioma detection, and it is anticipated that the review will offer a new pathway for the development of such biosensors and related diagnostic platforms.
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Chowdhury, Dibyendu, Bishnu Prasad De, Bhargav Appasani, Navaneet Kumar Singh, Rajib Kar, Durbadal Mandal, Nicu Bizon, and Phatiphat Thounthong. "A Novel Dielectric Modulated Gate-Stack Double-Gate Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor-Based Sensor for Detecting Biomolecules." Sensors 23, no. 6 (March 8, 2023): 2953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23062953.
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In this article, the performance of n-type junctionless (JL) double-gate (DG) MOSFET-based biosensors with and without gate stack (GS) has been studied. Here, the dielectric modulation (DM) method is applied to detect biomolecules in the cavity. The sensitivity of n-type JL-DM-DG-MOSFET and n-type JL-DM-GSDG-MOSFET-based biosensors have also been evaluated. The sensitivity (ΔVth) improved in JL-DM-GSDG MOSFET/JL-DM-DG-MOSFET-based biosensors for neutral/charged biomolecules is 116.66%/66.66% and 1165.78%/978.94%, respectively, compared with the previously reported results. The electrical detection of biomolecules is validated using the ATLAS device simulator. The noise and analog/RF parameters are compared between both biosensors. A lower threshold voltage is observed in the GSDG-MOSFET-based biosensor. The Ion/Ioff ratio is higher for DG-MOSFET-based biosensors. The proposed GSDG-MOSFET-based biosensor demonstrates higher sensitivity than the DG-MOSFET-based biosensor. The GSDG-MOSFET-based biosensor is suitable for low-power, high-speed, and high sensitivity applications.
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Miller, Corwin A., Joanne M. L. Ho, and Matthew R. Bennett. "Strategies for Improving Small-Molecule Biosensors in Bacteria." Biosensors 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12020064.
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In recent years, small-molecule biosensors have become increasingly important in synthetic biology and biochemistry, with numerous new applications continuing to be developed throughout the field. For many biosensors, however, their utility is hindered by poor functionality. Here, we review the known types of mechanisms of biosensors within bacterial cells, and the types of approaches for optimizing different biosensor functional parameters. Discussed approaches for improving biosensor functionality include methods of directly engineering biosensor genes, considerations for choosing genetic reporters, approaches for tuning gene expression, and strategies for incorporating additional genetic modules.
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Vinay Kumar, Javalkar, Shylashree N, Seema Srinivas, Ajit Khosla, Hari Krishna R, and Manjunatha C. "Review on Biosensors: Fundamentals, Classifications, Characteristics, Simulations, and Potential Applications." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 13005–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.13005ecst.
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Biosensor is a device which combines a physical transducer and biological active elements. The biological active element recognizes the specific analyte and produces biorecognized signal, which is further converted into a measurable signal by using an appropriate physical transducer. This review paper attempts in providing a comprehensive survey of the topic biosensor and due to its selectivity and sensitivity, biosensors are mostly widely used than other diagnostic devices. Because of its important features like selectivity, sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, linearity, and low cost, biosensors have a wide range of applications. This range includes their usage in disease detection, environmental monitoring, drug discovery, prosthetic devices, food safety, agricultural industry, and many more. Furthermore, this review discusses the various biosensors and its operations. Afterwards, with a summarized history of biosensors, further prospects have been described to present the usage of nanomaterials in biosensors. Various simulation software used to design the biosensor model are discussed in the end of the review.
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Mohammadpour-Haratbar, Ali, Seyyed Behnam Abdollahi Boraei, Yasser Zare, Kyong Yop Rhee, and Soo-Jin Park. "Graphene-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Breast Cancer Detection." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010080.
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Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, which is also the second most public cancer worldwide. When detected early, BC can be treated more easily and prevented from spreading beyond the breast. In recent years, various BC biosensor strategies have been studied, including optical, electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical biosensors. In particular, the high sensitivity and short detection time of electrochemical biosensors make them suitable for the recognition of BC biomarkers. Moreover, the sensitivity of the electrochemical biosensor can be increased by incorporating nanomaterials. In this respect, the outstanding mechanical and electrical performances of graphene have led to an increasingly intense study of graphene-based materials for BC electrochemical biosensors. Hence, the present review examines the latest advances in graphene-based electrochemical biosensors for BC biosensing. For each biosensor, the detection limit (LOD), linear range (LR), and diagnosis technique are analyzed. This is followed by a discussion of the prospects and current challenges, along with potential strategies for enhancing the performance of electrochemical biosensors.
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Alvarado-Ramírez, Lynette, Magdalena Rostro-Alanis, José Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández, Elda M. Melchor-Martínez, Hafiz M. N. Iqbal, and Roberto Parra-Saldívar. "Enzyme (Single and Multiple) and Nanozyme Biosensors: Recent Developments and Their Novel Applications in the Water-Food-Health Nexus." Biosensors 11, no. 11 (October 21, 2021): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11110410.
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The use of sensors in critical areas for human development such as water, food, and health has increased in recent decades. When the sensor uses biological recognition, it is known as a biosensor. Nowadays, the development of biosensors has been increased due to the need for reliable, fast, and sensitive techniques for the detection of multiple analytes. In recent years, with the advancement in nanotechnology within biocatalysis, enzyme-based biosensors have been emerging as reliable, sensitive, and selectively tools. A wide variety of enzyme biosensors has been developed by detecting multiple analytes. In this way, together with technological advances in areas such as biotechnology and materials sciences, different modalities of biosensors have been developed, such as bi-enzymatic biosensors and nanozyme biosensors. Furthermore, the use of more than one enzyme within the same detection system leads to bi-enzymatic biosensors or multi-enzyme sensors. The development and synthesis of new materials with enzyme-like properties have been growing, giving rise to nanozymes, considered a promising tool in the biosensor field due to their multiple advantages. In this review, general views and a comparison describing the advantages and disadvantages of each enzyme-based biosensor modality, their possible trends and the principal reported applications will be presented.
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Insawang, Mekhala, Kongphope Chaarmart, and Tosawat Seetawan. "Development of Biosensors for Ethanol Gas Detection." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 21, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.210203.
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This work developed a biosensor for the measurement of ethanol gas in the air. The biosensors were synthesized by mixing signal layer materials containing SiO2 and polyimide (PI) substrates using the enzyme Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) and coenzyme Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) as a biosensor. The electrodes were coated on biosensors by DC magnetron sputtering method for test the response performance of the developed biosensors. The ADH/NAD+ was immobilized on the Ag electrode by Glutaric dialaehyde 25 wt. % cross-linking procedure. It was found that, alcohol biosensors can be exhibited sensing ethanol gas at even low concentrations from 300 ppb to very high concentrations up to 1900 ppm, response time 3 s, recovery times 1-2 minutes and good sensitivity. The SiO2 substrate has excellent, which provides significant advantages for wearable electronic device that compact, easy to use and reduce direct contact with alcoholics. The alcohol biosensors can adoption in next generation to other electronic devices, because easy to integrate, such as a module alcohol biosensor with wireless or the fabrication of the RCL circuit. Furthermore, the alcohol biosensors based on SiO2/Ag/ADH, PI/Ag/ADH is artificial intelligence strategy for stable practical wearable electronic devices.
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Kulkarni, Madhusudan B., Narasimha H. Ayachit, and Tejraj M. Aminabhavi. "Biosensors and Microfluidic Biosensors: From Fabrication to Application." Biosensors 12, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12070543.
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Biosensors are ubiquitous in a variety of disciplines, such as biochemical, electrochemical, agricultural, and biomedical areas. They can integrate various point-of-care applications, such as in the food, healthcare, environmental monitoring, water quality, forensics, drug development, and biological domains. Multiple strategies have been employed to develop and fabricate miniaturized biosensors, including design, optimization, characterization, and testing. In view of their interactions with high-affinity biomolecules, they find application in the sensitive detection of analytes, even in small sample volumes. Among the many developed techniques, microfluidics have been widely explored; these use fluid mechanics to operate miniaturized biosensors. The currently used commercial devices are bulky, slow in operation, expensive, and require human intervention; thus, it is difficult to automate, integrate, and miniaturize the existing conventional devices for multi-faceted applications. Microfluidic biosensors have the advantages of mobility, operational transparency, controllability, and stability with a small reaction volume for sensing. This review addresses biosensor technologies, including the design, classification, advances, and challenges in microfluidic-based biosensors. The value chain for developing miniaturized microfluidic-based biosensor devices is critically discussed, including fabrication and other associated protocols for application in various point-of-care testing applications.
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Karunakaran, Chandran, Murugesan Karthikeyan, Marimuthu Dhinesh Kumar, Ganesan Kaniraja, and Kalpana Bhargava. "Electrochemical Biosensors for Point of care Applications." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 5 (October 8, 2020): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.16359.
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Biosensor refers to powerful and innovative analytical tool involving biological sensing element and transducer with broad range of applications, such as diagnosis, drug discovery, biomedicine, food safety and processing, environmental monitoring, security and defense. Recent advances in the field of biotechnology, microelectronics, and nanotechnology have improved the development of biosensors. Glucometers utilizing the electrochemical determination of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide employing immobilised glucose oxidase electrode seeded the discovery and development of biosensors. Molecular recognition based on geometry and forces of interaction play an important role in the biosensor development. The advent of nanotechnology led to highly efficient and sensitive biosensors. They also provide an effective immobilisation matrix for the various bioreceptors. Enzymatic and their mimetic (metalloporphyrin)-based biosensors for reactive oxygen, nitrogen species and cytochrome c will also be discussed. The role of antibodies and their applications in immunosensors development for cytochrome c and superoxide dismutase will be highlighted. The electrochemical biosensors are less expensive, miniaturised and used for point-of-care applications. Further, the fabrication of labVIEW based virtual biosensor instrumentation and microcontroller based portable biosensor for wide variety of applications also devices will be presented.
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Valencia, Germán Ayala, Luci Cristina de Oliveira Vercik, and Andrés Vercik. "A new conductometric biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase immobilized on chitosan and chitosan/gold nanoparticle films." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 7 (September 1, 2014): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0072.
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Abstract A new conductometric biosensor was developed and characterized; the biosensor was based on horseradish peroxidase that was deposited in chitosan and chitosan/AuNPs films. The biosensors were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and current-voltage curves. Current-voltage curves in biosensors showed that the electrical conductivity and bistability in biosensors can be modulated by horseradish peroxidase. Horseradish peroxidase catalyzed the reduction of H2 O2 to H2 O with the oxidation of the prosthetic group (Fe3+) in the enzyme to Fe4+=O. Conductometric signal in the biosensors increased with the gradual increase of H2 O2 concentration, and it was due to the H2 O2 reduction. Linear hydrogen peroxide detection was observed for a concentration between 0 and 15 mm. The results proved that these biosensors could have promising industrial applications, due to its rapid and sensitive H2 O2 detection.
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Xiao, Zhang. "Mainstream testing methods and non-enzyme electrochemical biosensors for glucose detection." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 73 (November 29, 2023): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v73i.12982.
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Glucose is an indispensable substance in human’s body. A normal and stable blood glucose rate plays a significant role in leading a healthy living condition. Thus, an effective method to monitor glucose is what scientists are continuously studying to find. This work introduces the currently mainstream testing methods of glucose and a cutting-edge detecting equipment in this field. The mainstream methods include chromatography and biosensor methods. The biosensors are divided into two branches, optical and electrochemical biosensors. Colorimetric, fluorescence and chemiluminescence are three main principle of optical biosensor which already have a long-term development and are mutual for application. While for the electrochemical biosensor, enzyme-based biosensors are widely known and have already been introduced to the public. The non-enzyme, however, is the brand-new field of electrochemical biosensors, which have an ultra-high sensitivity and selectivity for glucose in blood. Carbon-based composites, noble metal-based composites, copper-based composites, and other metal-based materials can be the main function material of electrochemical non-enzyme biosensors. Here, carbon-based composites, noble metal-based composites, copper-based composites, and other metal-based materials biosensors are presented as the example to discuss the advanced aspects compared to other methods and the significance and feasibility of researching and applying this approach.
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Kumar, Mohit, Khem B. Thapa, and Pawan Singh. "Long-range surface plasmon resonance biosensors with cytop/Al/Perovskite and cytop/Al/MoS2 configurations." Physica Scripta 97, no. 5 (March 28, 2022): 055501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac5e5b.
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Abstract In this paper, long range surface plasmon resonance (LRSPR) biosensors with cytop/Al/Perovskite and cytop/Al/MoS2 configurations have been theoretically investigated and compared with standard LRSPR biosensor with cytop/Al/graphene configuration. To calculate the optical properties of considered configurations for the desired application, transfer matrix method for TM mode has been used to obtain reflectance. The sensitivity of the considered configurations for designed biosensors has been investigated with variation of optical parameters of the structure. A new configuration of LRSPR biosensors based on Al- MoS2 or Al-Perovskite has been proposed to enhance sensitivity, detection accuracy, and efficiency. The maximum value of sensitivity of the proposed Al-Perovskite based LRSPR biosensor is found to be 4847 RIU−1. Moreover, the sensitivity of Al-MoS2 and Al-Peroskite based LRSPR biosensors show nearly 10% and nearly 30% more optical responses respectively than the Al-graphene based LRSPR biosensor.
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Wang, Xingya, and Guangchang Pang. "Amplification systems of weak interaction biosensors: applications and prospects." Sensor Review 35, no. 1 (January 19, 2015): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-03-2014-629.
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Purpose – This paper aims to provide a detailed review of weak interaction biosensors and several common biosensor methods for magnifying signals, as well as judiciously guide readers through selecting an appropriate detecting system and signal amplification method according to their research and application purpose. Design/methodology/approach – This paper classifies the weak interactions between biomolecules, summarizes the common signal amplification methods used in biosensor design and compares the performance of different kinds of biosensors. It highlights a potential electrochemical signal amplification method: the G protein signaling cascade amplification system. Findings – Developed biosensors which, based on various principles, have their own strengths and weaknesses have met the basic detection requirements for weak interaction between biomolecules: the selectivity, sensitivity and detection limit of biosensors have been consistently improving with the use of new signal amplification methods. However, most of the weak interaction biosensors stop at the research stage; there are only a minority realization of final commercial application. Originality/value – This paper evaluates the status of research and application of weak interaction biosensors systematically. The G protein signaling cascade amplification system proposal offers a new avenue for the research and development of electrochemical biosensors.
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Abena, Tariku. "Biosensors Technological Advancement and their Biomedical, Agricultural, Environmental and Food Industrial Applications: A Review." Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology Open Access 8, no. 3 (2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/nnoa-16000262.
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The biosensors are devices that receive the biological message and convert it into a sensible electrical signal. The biosensing involves a combination of biological entities like DNA, RNA, and proteins/enzymes to the electrochemical transducers. Biosensors comprise biorecognition elements including enzymes, antigens, antibodies or nucleic acids that mediate selective biocatalysis or specific binding of analyte and transducers that able to measure the signal. There are several types of biosensors being employed today, such as optical, surface plasmon resonance, enzymes, DNA, Phage, and microbial biosensors. The biosensor technologies have been employed in biomedicine, food safety standards, defense and environmental monitoring. Detection of the lower or higher limits of glucose in the body, microbial invasion in the body and food, heavy metal detection in soil, water and airborne microbes, pesticides in water and soil and various harmful chemicals produced by body, can be easily and timely monitored with high precision using the different types of biosensors. Biosensors can overcome all the limitation of the traditional methods of chemical and microbiological analyses by offering rapid, non-destructive and affordable methods for quality control. Thus, this review paper highlights biosensor and its components, types of biosensors and its application in different disciplines.
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Abena, Tariku. "Biosensors Technological Advancement and their Biomedical, Agricultural, Environmental and Food Industrial Applications: A Review." Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology Open Access 8, no. 3 (2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/nnoa-16000263.
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The biosensors are devices that receive the biological message and convert it into a sensible electrical signal. The biosensing involves a combination of biological entities like DNA, RNA, and proteins/enzymes to the electrochemical transducers. Biosensors comprise biorecognition elements including enzymes, antigens, antibodies or nucleic acids that mediate selective biocatalysis or specific binding of analyte and transducers that able to measure the signal. There are several types of biosensors being employed today, such as optical, surface plasmon resonance, enzymes, DNA, Phage, and microbial biosensors. The biosensor technologies have been employed in biomedicine, food safety standards, defense and environmental monitoring. Detection of the lower or higher limits of glucose in the body, microbial invasion in the body and food, heavy metal detection in soil, water and airborne microbes, pesticides in water and soil and various harmful chemicals produced by body, can be easily and timely monitored with high precision using the different types of biosensors. Biosensors can overcome all the limitation of the traditional methods of chemical and microbiological analyses by offering rapid, non-destructive and affordable methods for quality control. Thus, this review paper highlights biosensor and its components, types of biosensors and its application in different disciplines
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Abena, Tariku. "Biosensors Technological Advancement and Their Biomedical, Agricultural, Environmental and Food Industrial Applications: A Review." International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v4i3.160.
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The biosensors are devices that receive the biological message and convert it into a sensible electrical signal. The biosensing involves a combination of biological entities like DNA, RNA, and proteins/enzymes to the electrochemical transducers. Biosensors comprise a biorecognition element (enzyme, antigen, antibody or nucleic) that mediates selective biocatalysis or specific binding of analyte and transducers that able to measure the signal. There are several types of biosensors being employed today, such as optical, surface plasmon resonance, enzymes, DNA, Phage, and microbial biosensors. Now days biosensor technologies have been employed in biomedicine, food safety standards, defense and environmental monitoring. Detection of the lower or higher limits of glucose in the body, microbial invasion in the body and food, heavy metal detection in soil, water and airborne microbes, pesticides in water and soil and various harmful chemicals produced by body, can be easily and timely monitored with high precision using the different types of biosensors. Biosensors can overcome all the limitation of the traditional methods of chemical and microbiological analyses by offering rapid, non-destructive and affordable methods for quality control. Thus, this review paper highlights biosensor and its components, types of biosensors and its application in different disciplines.
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Gao, Aidai. "Advances in biosensors for poison detection applications." E3S Web of Conferences 553 (2024): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455305002.
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This paper discusses the applications and challenges of biosensors in drug and toxin detection, highlighting the practical value of biosensors and their role in forensic investigations, medical research, and environmental monitoring. Because drug abuse poses a major threat to human health and society, there is an urgent need for technologies that can quickly, portable, and sensitively detect drugs in common biological samples. This paper introduces the detection of animal and plant toxins, including snake venom, spider toxins, cyanide in plants, etc., and discusses the importance of detection of these toxins in medical and forensic fields. The development of biosensor technology, including the application of optical biosensors and electrochemical biosensors based on enzyme inhibition, is also summarized, and the role of these sensors in drug research and environmental monitoring is introduced. In addition, the paper highlights the potential of nanotechnology to improve the sensitivity and specificity of biosensors, as well as the future applications of biosensors in health, environmental monitoring, and agriculture. Finally, the paper points out the limitations of current biosensor research, and puts forward the direction of future research, emphasizing the need to develop simpler, more sensitive and more specific biosensors to broaden their practical applications.
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Kim, Donggyu, Sungjun Byun, Younggun Pu, Hyungki Huh, Yeonjae Jung, Seokkee Kim, and Kang-Yoon Lee. "Design of a Current Sensing System with TIA Gain of 160 dBΩ and Input-Referred Noise of 1.8 pArms for Biosensor." Sensors 23, no. 6 (March 10, 2023): 3019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063019.
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This paper proposes a high-gain low-noise current signal detection system for biosensors. When the biomaterial is attached to the biosensor, the current flowing through the bias voltage is changed so that the biomaterial can be sensed. A resistive feedback transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is used for the biosensor requiring a bias voltage. Current changes in the biosensor can be checked by plotting the current value of the biosensor in real time on the self-made graphical user interface (GUI). Even if the bias voltage changes, the input voltage of the analog to digital converter (ADC) does not change, so it is designed to plot the current of the biosensor accurately and stably. In particular, for multi-biosensors with an array structure, a method of automatically calibrating the current between biosensors by controlling the gate bias voltage of the biosensors is proposed. Input-referred noise is reduced using a high-gain TIA and chopper technique. The proposed circuit achieves 1.8 pArms input-referred noise with a gain of 160 dBΩ and is implemented in a TSMC 130 nm CMOS process. The chip area is 2.3 mm2, and the power consumption of the current sensing system is 12 mW.
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Gómez-Gómez, Maribel, Ángela Ruiz-Tórtola, Daniel González-Lucas, María-José Bañuls, and Jaime García-Rupérez. "New Method for Online Regeneration of Silicon-Based Nanophotonic Biosensors." Proceedings 4, no. 1 (November 14, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-5-05741.
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The optimal development of biosensors is a costly and time-consuming task, since an enormous amount of experiments is required. Therefore, the possibility of reusing the biosensors is highly desirable. In this work, a protocol based on the use of formamide for the regeneration of nanophotonic biosensors used for oligonucleotides detection is presented. This protocol was carried out online using the microfluidic system used to drive the target samples to the nanophotonic biosensor, thus allowing the possibility of running several experiments in a row using the same biosensor.
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Theyagarajan, K., and Young-Joon Kim. "Recent Developments in the Design and Fabrication of Electrochemical Biosensors Using Functional Materials and Molecules." Biosensors 13, no. 4 (March 27, 2023): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13040424.
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Electrochemical biosensors are superior technologies that are used to detect or sense biologically and environmentally significant analytes in a laboratory environment, or even in the form of portable handheld or wearable electronics. Recently, imprinted and implantable biosensors are emerging as point-of-care devices, which monitor the target analytes in a continuous environment and alert the intended users to anomalies. The stability and performance of the developed biosensor depend on the nature and properties of the electrode material or the platform on which the biosensor is constructed. Therefore, the biosensor platform plays an integral role in the effectiveness of the developed biosensor. Enormous effort has been dedicated to the rational design of the electrode material and to fabrication strategies for improving the performance of developed biosensors. Every year, in the search for multifarious electrode materials, thousands of new biosensor platforms are reported. Moreover, in order to construct an effectual biosensor, the researcher should familiarize themself with the sensible strategies behind electrode fabrication. Thus, we intend to shed light on various strategies and methodologies utilized in the design and fabrication of electrochemical biosensors that facilitate sensitive and selective detection of significant analytes. Furthermore, this review highlights the advantages of various electrode materials and the correlation between immobilized biomolecules and modified surfaces.
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Lang, Yiqian. "Application performance of silicon-based different biosensors." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 99 (June 18, 2024): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/gpddvh19.
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Biosensor is the equipment for biomolecules detection and it has been widely applied in a diverse of different fields such as disease diagnosis and harmful substance detection. Introducing different types of functional materials into biosensor can give it unique characteristics such as high sensitivity and high selectivity. Silicon, carbon nanotubes, gold, graphene and platinum are all trending materials for designing biosensors. Silicon is a non-toxic material that is commonly used as an element for biosensors. Different types of silicon-based functional materials have also been developed, where these silicon-based biosensors can provide more sensitive, specific and easy sensing. This research describes the detection performance of several silicon-based biosensors and discuss their advantages and disadvantages from the experimental results. In addition, this research will give a description of their applications and future development prospects. As the study of silicon-based biosensor get more deeper, it has great potential used in clinical or medical analysis.
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Li, Qinggang, Haojie Ren, Zhenjiang Liao, Shuchang Xia, and Xue Sun. "High Throughput Screening of Transcription Factor LysG for Constructing a Better Lysine Biosensor." Biosensors 14, no. 10 (September 25, 2024): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios14100455.
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The biosensors based on transcription factors (TFs) are widely used in high throughput screening of metabolic overproducers. The unsatisfactory performances (narrow detection and dynamic ranges) of biosensors limit their practical application and need more improvement. In this study, using the TF LysG (sensing lysine) as an example, a biosensor optimization method was constructed by growth-coupled screening of TF random mutant libraries. The better the performance of the biosensor, the faster the strain grows under screening pressure. A LysGE15D, A54D, and I164V-based biosensors were obtained, which were about 2-fold of the control in the detection and dynamic ranges. A lysine high-producer was screened effectively using the optimized biosensor with the production at 1.51 ± 0.30 g/L in flasks (2.22-fold of the original strain). This study provided a promising strategy for optimizing TF-based biosensors and was of high potential to be applied in the lysine high-producers screening process.
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Do Thi Hong, Diep, Duong Le Phuoc, Hoai Nguyen Thi, Serra Pier Andrea, and Rocchitta Gaia. "THE ROLE OF POLYETHYLENIMINE IN ENHANCING PERFORMANCE OF GLUTAMATE BIOSENSORS." Volume 8 Issue 3 8, no. 3 (June 2018): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34071/jmp.2018.3.6.
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Background: The first biosensor was constructed more than fifty years ago. It was composed of the biorecognition element and transducer. The first-generation enzyme biosensors play important role in monitoring neurotransmitter and determine small quantities of substances in complex matrices of the samples Glutamate is important biochemicals involved in energetic metabolism and neurotransmission. Therefore, biosensors requires the development a new approach exhibiting high sensibility, good reproducibility and longterm stability. The first-generation enzyme biosensors play important role in monitoring neurotransmitter and determine small quantities of substances in complex matrices of the samples. The aims of this work: To find out which concentration of polyethylenimine (PEI) exhibiting the most high sensibility, good reproducibility and long-term stability. Methods: We designed and developed glutamate biosensor using different concentration of PEI ranging from 0% to 5% at Day 1 and Day 8. Results: After Glutamate biosensors in-vitro characterization, several PEI concentrations, ranging from 0.5% to 1% seem to be the best in terms of VMAX, the KM; while PEI content ranging from 0.5% to 1% resulted stable, PEI 1% displayed an excellent stability. Conclusions: In the result, PEI 1% perfomed high sensibility, good stability and blocking interference. Furthermore, we expect to develop and characterize an implantable biosensor capable of detecting glutamate, glucose in vivo. Key words: Glutamate biosensors, PEi (Polyethylenimine) enhances glutamate oxidase, glutamate oxidase biosensors
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Baronas, Romas, and Karolis Petrauskas. "Sudėtinės geometrinės struktūros biojutiklių kompiuterinis modeliavimas." Informacijos mokslai 56 (January 1, 2011): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2011.0.3141.
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Biojutikliai yra analitiniai įrenginiai, skirti medžiagų koncentracijoms matuoti. Kuriant naujus biojutiklius reikia atlikti daug eksperimentų. Siekiant sumažinti atliekamų fizinių eksperimentų skaičių taikomas kompiuterinis biojutiklių veiksmo odeliavimas, kai įprastai kiekvienam struktūriškai naujam biojutikliui yra sudaromas matematinis modelis, tuomet jis keičiamas skirtuminiu, o jo lygčių sistemos sprendimas įgyvendinamas sudarant kompiuterinį modelį. Kiekvienas žingsnis reikalauja atidos ir turėtų būti automatizuotas. Straipsnyje yra pateikiamas biojutiklio metamodelis, leidžiantis formuluoti biojutiklių modelius dalykinės srities sąvokomis. Pasiūlytasis metamodelis aprašo biojutiklių modelius, formuluojamus dvimatėje erdvėje, apimančius biojutiklio struktūros, jo geometrinių savybių, biojutikliuose vykstančių reakcijų ir difuzijos procesų aprašus. Sudarius metamodelį, buvo sukurta programinė įranga, automatiškai sukonstruojanti kompiuterinį biojutiklio modelį pagal metamodeliosąvokomis išreikšto biojutiklio aprašą. Metamodelis ir programinė įranga buvo taikoma realiam biojutiklio modeliui sudaryti ir jo veiksmui modeliuoti kompiuteriniu būdu.", t. y. ištrinti žodžius "biojutiklių veiksmo.Computer-Aided Modeling of Biosensors with a Complex Geometrical StructureRomas Baronas, Karolis Petrauskas SummaryBiosensors are analytical devices used to measure the concentration of substances. When developing new biosensors, a lot of experiments are needed to be performed. Mathematical modeling of biosensors is used to decrease the number of physical experiments. Models of biosensors are usually created for each structurally unique biosensor by defining its mathematical model and the corresponding numerical approximation. Equations of the numerical model are then solved using computer programs, usually created for a particular model of the biosensor. Each of these steps requires a great attention and should be automated. The article presents a metamodel for a biosensor, enabling one to define models of biosensors in domain-specific terms. The proposed metamodel describes biosensor models, defined in the two-dimensional space and including definitions of the structure of a biosensor, its geometrical properties, reactions and diffusion processes taking place in it. Upon defining the metamodel, we compiled the computer software able to create computer models for biosensors from the models formulated according to the proposed metamodel. The metamodel was practically used to define a model for a real biosensor, and the biosensor modeling software was used to simulate its operation.
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Gilani Mohamed, Mohamed Ahmed, Ashok Vajravelu, and Nurmiza Binti Othman. "Biosensors Preliminary Concepts and Its Principles with Applications in the Engineering Perspective." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 6, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20210415.
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Biosensor is rapid detection of any infectious disease at the early stages is critical for supporting public health and ensuring effective healthcare outcomes. A timely and accurate diagnosis of a disease is necessary for an effective medical response where is biosensor takes place. The design and development of biosensors have taken a centre stage for researchers or scientists in the recent decade owing to the wide range of biosensor applications, such as health care and disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, water and food quality monitoring, and drug delivery and lately it shown great potential for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biosensors are ideally suited to many diagnostic and real-time detection problems due to their use of biological molecules, tissues, and cells, and their high capacity for precision and accuracy promises to continue this trend. Biosensors will become even more widespread and essential to the industrial, agricultural, scientific, and health care as biotechnology tools advance to allow additional biosensor growth. Keywords: biosensor, biosensor historical perspective, biosensor parameters, biosensor application.
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Lee, Jinyoung. "Carbon Nanotube-Based Biosensors Using Fusion Technologies with Biologicals & Chemicals for Food Assessment." Biosensors 13, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13020183.
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High-sensitivity sensors applied in various diagnostic systems are considered to be a promising technology in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. Biosensors that can quickly detect the presence and concentration of specific biomaterials are receiving research attention owing to the breakthroughs in detection technology. In particular, the latest technologies involving the miniaturization of biosensors using nanomaterials, such as nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and nanometals, have been widely studied. Nano-sized biosensors applied in food assessment and in in vivo measurements have the advantages of rapid diagnosis, high sensitivity and selectivity. Nanomaterial-based biosensors are inexpensive and can be applied to various fields. In the present society, where people are paying attention to health and wellness, high-technology food assessment is becoming essential as the consumer demand for healthy food increases. Thus, biosensor technology is required in the food and medical fields. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely studied for use in electrochemical biosensors. The sensitive electrical characteristics of CNTs allow them to act as electron transfer mediators in electrochemical biosensors. CNT-based biosensors require novel technologies for immobilizing CNTs on electrodes, such as silicon wafers, to use as biosensor templates. CNT-based electrochemical biosensors that serve as field-effect transistors (FET) increase sensitivity. In this review, we critically discuss the recent advances in CNT-based electrochemical biosensors applied with various receptors (antibodies, DNA fragments, and other nanomaterials) for food evaluation, including pathogens, food allergens, and other food-based substances.
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Ushaa, Eswaran, Eswaran Vivek, Murali Keerthna, and Eswaran Vishal. "Flexing frontiers: Pioneering advances in biosensors for instant health insights." i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering 14, no. 1 (2023): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jele.14.1.20191.
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Biosensors that incorporate a biological recognition element with a transducer offer a rapid, simple approach for selective detection of analytes. However, conventional rigid biosensors have limited capabilities for continuous on-body monitoring applications. The emergence of flexible electronics has opened new possibilities for developing conformal biosensing platforms that can intimately interface with soft, curvilinear surfaces like skin for non-invasive health tracking. This review covers the fundamentals of biosensor technologies and recent progress in flexible biosensors aimed at pointof- care diagnostics and medical monitoring. Key developments in materials, electrochemical sensing interfaces, microfluidics integration and wireless connectivity are highlighted. Examples of flexible biosensors for metabolites, electrolytes, proteins and nucleic acids are presented along with capabilities and limitations. Current challenges include improving biocompatibility, correlation with standard assays, wireless range, manufacturability, and regulatory requirements. Further research on translating flexible biosensor devices from initial proof-of-concepts to validated medical products is warranted. Overall, flexible biosensors hold immense promise to enable continuous personalized health monitoring.
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Zhang, Huijia. "Advances and application of common biosensors." Theoretical and Natural Science 22, no. 1 (December 20, 2023): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/22/20230940.
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Biosensors are devices that can detect and measure chemical components in organisms through specialized biological properties or reactions. This paper provides an overview of the three main types of biosensors: enzymatic, immunosensors, and microbial sensors. Enzymatic biosensors utilize enzymes to catalyze specific reactions between target molecules and other components of the biosensor, creating measurable signals. Immunosensors rely on immunological reactions between antigens and antibodies to detect and quantify substances in a solution. Microbial sensors use microbial cells to produce signal outputs being tested. Each type of biosensor has unique applications and mechanisms that make them useful in various scientific studies, including clinical medicine, laboratory research, environmental monitoring, and food engineering. Ongoing advancements in technology will undoubtedly continue to expand the scope of biosensors uses, making them increasingly important in many fields. This paper aims to provide researchers with an understanding of the mechanisms behind biosensors and strategies to improve their performance for better measurement, detection, and monitoring capabilities.
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Kidanemariam, Alemayehu, and Sungbo Cho. "Recent Advances in the Application of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Coordination Polymers in Electrochemical Biosensors." Chemosensors 12, no. 7 (July 9, 2024): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12070135.
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Electrochemical biosensors are critical in advancing biomedical and pharmaceutical therapies because of their adaptability and cost-effectiveness. Voltammetric and amperometric sensors are of particular interest. These sensors typically consist of a specialized tip or biorecognition element and a transducer that converts biological data into readable signals. Efficient biosensor materials are essential for addressing health emergencies, with coordination polymers (CPs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) showing promise. Functionalization strategies are necessary to enhance the usability of pristine MOFs, owing to issues such as low conductivity. The integration of conductive polymers with MOFs has resulted in the development of highly efficient biosensors. Both enzymatic and nonenzymatic biosensors are used for analyte detection; nonenzymatic approaches are gaining popularity owing to their durability and accuracy. MOFs and CPs have been applied in sensitive electrochemical biosensors to detect fatal brain tumors such as glioblastomas (GBM). These biosensors demonstrate enhanced selectivity and sensitivity, highlighting the potential of MOFs and CPs in advancing electrochemical biosensor technology for both in vivo and in vitro applications.
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Yang, Chencan. "Application of the biosensors in autoimmune diseases." E3S Web of Conferences 553 (2024): 05019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455305019.
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Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are chronic and multifactorial conditions resulting from the interaction between genetics, epigenetics, and environmental factors. The variety of these illnesses’ forms and presentations makes early detection of them difficult. To enable prompt intervention, biosensors have demonstrated efficacy in identifying biomarkers that signify the early stages of a disease. Biosensors have been developed since the first oxygen biosensor was invented in 1956, including wearable biosensors, which can monitor physiological parameters to detect autoimmune diseases early. Early detection is crucial to reducing mortality rates and minimizing the potential for disability, discomfort, drug reactions, and financial loss. Biosensors hold great promise for the future of autoimmune disease diagnosis and treatment, and the continued advancement and innovation in biosensor technology will increase the potential for early detection and prevention of autoimmune diseases. This paper reviews various types of biosensors for the detection and treatment of autoimmune diseases, highlighting their importance in the field and prospects for future development and application.
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Soldatkin, O. O., O. V. Soldatkina, V. M. Arkhypova, I. I. Piliponskiy, L. S. Rieznichenko, T. G. Gruzina, S. M. Dybkova, S. V. Dzyadevych, and A. P. Soldatkin. "APLLICATION OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF ANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONDUCTOMETRIC ENZYME BIOSENSORS." Sensor Electronics and Microsystem Technologies 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/1815-7459.2021.1.227408.
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In this work, the possibility of application of gold nanoparticles for modification of bioselective elements of conductometric biosensors to improve their analytical characteristics has been tested. A bioselective elements of biosensors based on acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and glucose oxidase have been studied as a model of such system. Immobilization of enzymes on the surface of conductometric transducers was carried out by covalent crosslinking of enzymes by using a crosslinking agent (glutaraldehyde). The conditions for immobilization of acetylcholinesterase with gold nanoparticles in BSA membranes were optimized. The optimal concentration of glutaraldehyde, time of immobilization process, ratio of an amount of enzyme and gold nanoparticles, and the concentration and size of gold nanoparticles were selected. The improved characteristics of the developed biosensors based on enzymes and gold nanoparticles were investigated and compared with the characteristics of biosensors based only on enzymes without nanoparticles addition. It was shown, how the addition of gold nanoparticles to the bioselective element of the biosensor affects the stability of biosensors. In particular, the reproducibility of signals during continuous operation of biosensors, the reproducibility of the manufacture of biosensors and their stability during storage were investigated. Thus, it was shown, that the application of gold nanoparticles in the composition of bioselective elements can improve some characteristics of biosensors, which may be promising for further biosensor application
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Раk, James Jungho, Min Ja Kim, Nam Ki Min, Chang-Woo Lee, and Soo Won Kim. "Application of Hydrothermally Grown ZnO Nanorods for Electrochemical Biosensors." Electronics and Communications 16, no. 2 (March 28, 2011): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2011.16.2.268091.
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ZnO nanorods have been used on Au working electrodes of biosensors for enhancing biosensor characteristics. ZnO nanorods grown on working electrodes have been employed for fabricating not only glucose sensors but also electrochemical immunosensors for detecting Legionella pneumophilia. The sensitivity of these biosensors was enhanced substantially compared to typical electrochemical biosensors based on Au working electrode
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Mohamad Nor, Noorhashimah, Nur Syafinaz Ridhuan, and Khairunisak Abdul Razak. "Progress of Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Based on Nanomaterial-Modified Electrode." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121136.
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This review covers the progress of nanomaterial-modified electrodes for enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. Fundamental insights into glucose biosensor components and the crucial factors controlling the electrochemical performance of glucose biosensors are discussed in detail. The metal, metal oxide, and hybrid/composite nanomaterial fabrication strategies for the modification of electrodes, mechanism of detection, and significance of the nanomaterials toward the electrochemical performance of enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose biosensors are compared and comprehensively reviewed. This review aims to provide readers with an overview and underlying concept of producing a reliable, stable, cost-effective, and excellent electrochemical performance of a glucose biosensor.
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Rafat, Neda, Paul Satoh, and Robert Mark Worden. "Electrochemical Biosensor for Markers of Neurological Esterase Inhibition." Biosensors 11, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11110459.
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A novel, integrated experimental and modeling framework was applied to an inhibition-based bi-enzyme (IBE) electrochemical biosensor to detect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that may trigger neurological diseases. The biosensor was fabricated by co-immobilizing AChE and tyrosinase (Tyr) on the gold working electrode of a screen-printed electrode (SPE) array. The reaction chemistry included a redox-recycle amplification mechanism to improve the biosensor’s current output and sensitivity. A mechanistic mathematical model of the biosensor was used to simulate key diffusion and reaction steps, including diffusion of AChE’s reactant (phenylacetate) and inhibitor, the reaction kinetics of the two enzymes, and electrochemical reaction kinetics at the SPE’s working electrode. The model was validated by showing that it could reproduce a steady-state biosensor current as a function of the inhibitor (PMSF) concentration and unsteady-state dynamics of the biosensor current following the addition of a reactant (phenylacetate) and inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride). The model’s utility for characterizing and optimizing biosensor performance was then demonstrated. It was used to calculate the sensitivity of the biosensor’s current output and the redox-recycle amplification factor as a function of experimental variables. It was used to calculate dimensionless Damkohler numbers and current-control coefficients that indicated the degree to which individual diffusion and reaction steps limited the biosensor’s output current. Finally, the model’s utility in designing IBE biosensors and operating conditions that achieve specific performance criteria was discussed.
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McCourt, Kelli M., Jarad Cochran, Sabah M. Abdelbasir, Elizabeth R. Carraway, Tzuen-Rong J. Tzeng, Olga V. Tsyusko, and Diana C. Vanegas. "Potential Environmental and Health Implications from the Scaled-Up Production and Disposal of Nanomaterials Used in Biosensors." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121082.
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Biosensors often combine biological recognition elements with nanomaterials of varying compositions and dimensions to facilitate or enhance the operating mechanism of the device. While incorporating nanomaterials is beneficial to developing high-performance biosensors, at the stages of scale-up and disposal, it may lead to the unmanaged release of toxic nanomaterials. Here we attempt to foster connections between the domains of biosensors development and human and environmental toxicology to encourage a holistic approach to the development and scale-up of biosensors. We begin by exploring the toxicity of nanomaterials commonly used in biosensor design. From our analysis, we introduce five factors with a role in nanotoxicity that should be considered at the biosensor development stages to better manage toxicity. Finally, we contextualize the discussion by presenting the relevant stages and routes of exposure in the biosensor life cycle. Our review found little consensus on how the factors presented govern nanomaterial toxicity, especially in composite and alloyed nanomaterials. To bridge the current gap in understanding and mitigate the risks of uncontrolled nanomaterial release, we advocate for greater collaboration through a precautionary One Health approach to future development and a movement towards a circular approach to biosensor use and disposal.
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Park, Jeong Ah, Chaima Amri, Yein Kwon, Jin-Ho Lee, and Taek Lee. "Recent Advances in DNA Nanotechnology for Plasmonic Biosensor Construction." Biosensors 12, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12060418.
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Since 2010, DNA nanotechnology has advanced rapidly, helping overcome limitations in the use of DNA solely as genetic material. DNA nanotechnology has thus helped develop a new method for the construction of biosensors. Among bioprobe materials for biosensors, nucleic acids have shown several advantages. First, it has a complementary sequence for hybridizing the target gene. Second, DNA has various functionalities, such as DNAzymes, DNA junctions or aptamers, because of its unique folded structures with specific sequences. Third, functional groups, such as thiols, amines, or other fluorophores, can easily be introduced into DNA at the 5′ or 3′ end. Finally, DNA can easily be tailored by making junctions or origami structures; these unique structures extend the DNA arm and create a multi-functional bioprobe. Meanwhile, nanomaterials have also been used to advance plasmonic biosensor technologies. Nanomaterials provide various biosensing platforms with high sensitivity and selectivity. Several plasmonic biosensor types have been fabricated, such as surface plasmons, and Raman-based or metal-enhanced biosensors. Introducing DNA nanotechnology to plasmonic biosensors has brought in sight new horizons in the fields of biosensors and nanobiotechnology. This review discusses the recent progress of DNA nanotechnology-based plasmonic biosensors.
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Akgönüllü, Semra, Erdoğan Özgür, and Adil Denizli. "Recent Advances in Quartz Crystal Microbalance Biosensors Based on the Molecular Imprinting Technique for Disease-Related Biomarkers." Chemosensors 10, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10030106.
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The molecular imprinting technique is a quickly developing field of interest regarding the synthesis of artificial recognition elements that enable the specific determination of target molecule/analyte from a matrix. Recently, these smart materials can be successfully applied to biomolecule detection in biomimetic biosensors. These biosensors contain a biorecognition element (a bioreceptor) and a transducer, like their biosensor analogs. Here, the basic difference is that molecular imprinting-based biosensors use a synthetic recognition element. Molecular imprinting polymers used as the artificial recognition elements in biosensor platforms are complementary in shape, size, specific binding sites, and functionality to their template analytes. Recent progress in biomolecular recognition has supplied extra diagnostic and treatment methods for various diseases. Cost-effective, more robust, and high-throughput assays are needed for monitoring biomarkers in clinical settings. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensors are promising tools for the real-time and quick detection of biomolecules in the past two decades A quick, simple-to-use, and cheap biomarkers detection technology based on biosensors has been developed. This critical review presents current applications in molecular imprinting-based quartz crystal microbalance biosensors for the quantification of biomarkers for disease monitoring and diagnostic results.
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Lee, Woonwoo, Hyojin Kim, Yerin Kang, Youngshim Lee, and Youngdae Yoon. "A Biosensor Platform for Metal Detection Based on Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 18, 2019): 1846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081846.
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Microbial cell-based biosensors, which mostly rely on stress-responsive operons, have been widely developed to monitor environmental pollutants. Biosensors are usually more convenient and inexpensive than traditional instrumental analyses of environmental pollutants. However, the targets of biosensors are restricted by the limited number of genetic operon systems available. In this study, we demonstrated a novel strategy to overcome this limitation by engineering an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). It has been reported that combining two fragments of split-eGFP can form a native structure. Thus, we engineered new biosensors by inserting metal-binding loops (MBLs) between β-strands 9 and 10 of the eGFP, which then undergoes conformational changes upon interaction between the MBLs and targets, thereby emitting fluorescence. The two designed MLBs based on our previous study were employed as linkers between two fragments of eGFP. As a result, an Escherichia coli biosensor exhibited a fluorescent signal only when interacting with cadmium ions, revealing the prospect of a new biosensor for cadmium detection. Although this study is a starting stage for further developing biosensors, we believe that the proposed strategy can serve as basis to develop new biosensors to target various environmental pollutants.
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Cristea, Cecilia. "Special Issue “Women in Science”—The First Edition." Biosensors 13, no. 4 (March 30, 2023): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13040438.
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This Special Issue entitled “Women in Biosensors” has been launched to celebrate and highlight the achievements of women in the biosensors research area, presenting biosensor-related work performed in groups leaded by women scientists [...]
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Sabrina Hayati and Abdul Karim. "The Development and Application of Biosensors in Medical Diagnostics in Indonesia." International Journal of Public Health 1, no. 3 (August 30, 2024): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.62951/ijph.v1i3.68.
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Biosensors are analytical devices that combine biological sensing elements with physicochemical detectors to provide rapid, accurate, and cost-effective solutions for medical diagnostics. Globally, these devices have revolutionized the detection and monitoring of diseases, significantly impacting patient outcomes. In Indonesia, the adoption and development of biosensor technology have accelerated over the past decade, particularly in response to the growing healthcare needs and the government's push for technological innovation. This study aims to review and analyze the development and application of biosensors in Indonesia medical diagnostics sector between 2014 and 2024. The research focuses on identifying key technological advancements, the integration of biosensors into healthcare, the challenges faced in their development and deployment, and the prospects for future growth. The study employs a comprehensive literature review and analysis of scientific publications, industry reports, and government documents related to biosensor technology in Indonesia. The review covers the evolution of biosensing materials, point-of-care testing applications, integration with digital health technologies, and regulatory frameworks. Data were synthesized to provide a detailed overview of the current state of biosensor technology and its impact on medical diagnostics in Indonesia. The findings indicate significant advancements in biosensor technology, particularly in the development of novel nanomaterials, the integration of biosensors with mobile health (mHealth) platforms, and the expansion of point-of-care testing (POCT) for infectious diseases. However, the sector faces challenges, including technological limitations, regulatory hurdles, and economic constraints, which have slowed the widespread adoption of biosensors in clinical settings. Despite these challenges, the future of biosensors in Indonesia appears promising, with continued investment and innovation expected to drive further advancements in this field.
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Pranolo, Sunu Herwi, Joko Waluyo, Royhan Ikbar, Ramanda Ayu Damayanthy, Septy Lestary, and Muhammad Luqman Qadarusman. "Application of Nanocrystal Cellulose Based on Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunch as Glucose Biosensing." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 23, no. 3 (December 29, 2023): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.83422.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Biosensors for glucose sensing purposes are important since diabetes is a worldwide disease. One of the components of glucose biosensors is cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). CNCs are cellulose derivatives that could be extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). Indonesia has a high potential for OPEFB due to its abundance of resources. CNCs have poor conductivity as biosensors, so adding supporting electro-conductor components such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (G-CNT) is necessary. In this research, the amount of bleaching agent of H2O2 in CNCs extraction varies between 1.5% and 10%, and the portion of CNCs in the composite varies between 5%, 15%, and 30%. The purpose of this research is to create an optimum biosensor composite based on its CNCs quality through particle size analysis (PSA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests followed by cyclic voltammetry to determine biosensor’s impedance, limit of detection (LOD), and performance stability. Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) tests are also conducted as process control. The research shows the success of delignification in CNC extraction based on FTIR. Crystallinity enhancement up to 51% as delignification using 1.5% and 10% H2O2 yields CNC with a crystallinity index of 87.1% and 94.0%. The average size of CNCs with delignification by 1.5% and 10% H2O2 are 640.0 nm and 579.8 nm, respectively. Results of testing the biosensor glucose G-CNT/CNC showed the best composition is 5% CNCs that using 10% H2O2 which the highest oxidation peak is 0.00205 A and reduction peak is -0.00223 A. Data of variance composition show the difference of the data is significant by using ANOVA SPSS Test. The biosensor has an accuracy of 83.2% in a test for diabetic urine.
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Psoma, Sotiria D., and Chryso Kanthou. "Wearable Insulin Biosensors for Diabetes Management: Advances and Challenges." Biosensors 13, no. 7 (July 7, 2023): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13070719.
Full textAbstract:
We present a critical review of the current progress in wearable insulin biosensors. For over 40 years, glucose biosensors have been used for diabetes management. Measurement of blood glucose is an indirect method for calculating the insulin administration dosage, which is critical for insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Research and development efforts aiming towards continuous-insulin-monitoring biosensors in combination with existing glucose biosensors are expected to offer a more accurate estimation of insulin sensitivity, regulate insulin dosage and facilitate progress towards development of a reliable artificial pancreas, as an ultimate goal in diabetes management and personalised medicine. Conventional laboratory analytical techniques for insulin detection are expensive and time-consuming and lack a real-time monitoring capability. On the other hand, biosensors offer point-of-care testing, continuous monitoring, miniaturisation, high specificity and sensitivity, rapid response time, ease of use and low costs. Current research, future developments and challenges in insulin biosensor technology are reviewed and assessed. Different insulin biosensor categories such as aptamer-based, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based, label-free and other types are presented among the latest developments in the field. This multidisciplinary field requires engagement between scientists, engineers, clinicians and industry for addressing the challenges for a commercial, reliable, real-time-monitoring wearable insulin biosensor.