Journal articles on the topic 'Biosensors devices'
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1
Vinay Kumar, Javalkar, Shylashree N, Seema Srinivas, Ajit Khosla, Hari Krishna R, and Manjunatha C. "Review on Biosensors: Fundamentals, Classifications, Characteristics, Simulations, and Potential Applications." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 13005–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.13005ecst.
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Biosensor is a device which combines a physical transducer and biological active elements. The biological active element recognizes the specific analyte and produces biorecognized signal, which is further converted into a measurable signal by using an appropriate physical transducer. This review paper attempts in providing a comprehensive survey of the topic biosensor and due to its selectivity and sensitivity, biosensors are mostly widely used than other diagnostic devices. Because of its important features like selectivity, sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, linearity, and low cost, biosensors have a wide range of applications. This range includes their usage in disease detection, environmental monitoring, drug discovery, prosthetic devices, food safety, agricultural industry, and many more. Furthermore, this review discusses the various biosensors and its operations. Afterwards, with a summarized history of biosensors, further prospects have been described to present the usage of nanomaterials in biosensors. Various simulation software used to design the biosensor model are discussed in the end of the review.
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Insawang, Mekhala, Kongphope Chaarmart, and Tosawat Seetawan. "Development of Biosensors for Ethanol Gas Detection." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 21, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.210203.
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This work developed a biosensor for the measurement of ethanol gas in the air. The biosensors were synthesized by mixing signal layer materials containing SiO2 and polyimide (PI) substrates using the enzyme Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) and coenzyme Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) as a biosensor. The electrodes were coated on biosensors by DC magnetron sputtering method for test the response performance of the developed biosensors. The ADH/NAD+ was immobilized on the Ag electrode by Glutaric dialaehyde 25 wt. % cross-linking procedure. It was found that, alcohol biosensors can be exhibited sensing ethanol gas at even low concentrations from 300 ppb to very high concentrations up to 1900 ppm, response time 3 s, recovery times 1-2 minutes and good sensitivity. The SiO2 substrate has excellent, which provides significant advantages for wearable electronic device that compact, easy to use and reduce direct contact with alcoholics. The alcohol biosensors can adoption in next generation to other electronic devices, because easy to integrate, such as a module alcohol biosensor with wireless or the fabrication of the RCL circuit. Furthermore, the alcohol biosensors based on SiO2/Ag/ADH, PI/Ag/ADH is artificial intelligence strategy for stable practical wearable electronic devices.
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Kulkarni, Madhusudan B., Narasimha H. Ayachit, and Tejraj M. Aminabhavi. "Biosensors and Microfluidic Biosensors: From Fabrication to Application." Biosensors 12, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12070543.
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Biosensors are ubiquitous in a variety of disciplines, such as biochemical, electrochemical, agricultural, and biomedical areas. They can integrate various point-of-care applications, such as in the food, healthcare, environmental monitoring, water quality, forensics, drug development, and biological domains. Multiple strategies have been employed to develop and fabricate miniaturized biosensors, including design, optimization, characterization, and testing. In view of their interactions with high-affinity biomolecules, they find application in the sensitive detection of analytes, even in small sample volumes. Among the many developed techniques, microfluidics have been widely explored; these use fluid mechanics to operate miniaturized biosensors. The currently used commercial devices are bulky, slow in operation, expensive, and require human intervention; thus, it is difficult to automate, integrate, and miniaturize the existing conventional devices for multi-faceted applications. Microfluidic biosensors have the advantages of mobility, operational transparency, controllability, and stability with a small reaction volume for sensing. This review addresses biosensor technologies, including the design, classification, advances, and challenges in microfluidic-based biosensors. The value chain for developing miniaturized microfluidic-based biosensor devices is critically discussed, including fabrication and other associated protocols for application in various point-of-care testing applications.
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Rodrigues, Daniela, Ana I. Barbosa, Rita Rebelo, Il Keun Kwon, Rui L. Reis, and Vitor M. Correlo. "Skin-Integrated Wearable Systems and Implantable Biosensors: A Comprehensive Review." Biosensors 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10070079.
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Biosensors devices have attracted the attention of many researchers across the world. They have the capability to solve a large number of analytical problems and challenges. They are future ubiquitous devices for disease diagnosis, monitoring, treatment and health management. This review presents an overview of the biosensors field, highlighting the current research and development of bio-integrated and implanted biosensors. These devices are micro- and nano-fabricated, according to numerous techniques that are adapted in order to offer a suitable mechanical match of the biosensor to the surrounding tissue, and therefore decrease the body’s biological response. For this, most of the skin-integrated and implanted biosensors use a polymer layer as a versatile and flexible structural support, combined with a functional/active material, to generate, transmit and process the obtained signal. A few challenging issues of implantable biosensor devices, as well as strategies to overcome them, are also discussed in this review, including biological response, power supply, and data communication.
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Fogel, Ronen, Janice Limson, and Ashwin A. Seshia. "Acoustic biosensors." Essays in Biochemistry 60, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20150011.
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Resonant and acoustic wave devices have been researched for several decades for application in the gravimetric sensing of a variety of biological and chemical analytes. These devices operate by coupling the measurand (e.g. analyte adsorption) as a modulation in the physical properties of the acoustic wave (e.g. resonant frequency, acoustic velocity, dissipation) that can then be correlated with the amount of adsorbed analyte. These devices can also be miniaturized with advantages in terms of cost, size and scalability, as well as potential additional features including integration with microfluidics and electronics, scaled sensitivities associated with smaller dimensions and higher operational frequencies, the ability to multiplex detection across arrays of hundreds of devices embedded in a single chip, increased throughput and the ability to interrogate a wider range of modes including within the same device. Additionally, device fabrication is often compatible with semiconductor volume batch manufacturing techniques enabling cost scalability and a high degree of precision and reproducibility in the manufacturing process. Integration with microfluidics handling also enables suitable sample pre-processing/separation/purification/amplification steps that could improve selectivity and the overall signal-to-noise ratio. Three device types are reviewed here: (i) bulk acoustic wave sensors, (ii) surface acoustic wave sensors, and (iii) micro/nano-electromechanical system (MEMS/NEMS) sensors.
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Ozkan-Ariksoysal, Dilsat. "Current Perspectives in Graphene Oxide-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Diagnostics." Biosensors 12, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12080607.
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Since the first commercial biosensor device for blood glucose measurement was introduced in the 1970s, many “biosensor types” have been developed, and this research area remains popular worldwide. In parallel with some global biosensor research reports published in the last decade, including a great deal of literature and industry statistics, it is predicted that biosensor design technologies, including handheld or wearable devices, will be preferred and highly valuable in many areas in the near future. Biosensors using nanoparticles still maintain their very important place in science and technology and are the subject of innovative research projects. Among the nanomaterials, carbon-based ones are considered to be one of the most valuable nanoparticles, especially in the field of electrochemical biosensors. In this context, graphene oxide, which has been used in recent years to increase the electrochemical analysis performance in biosensor designs, has been the subject of this review. In fact, graphene is already foreseen not only for biosensors but also as the nanomaterial of the future in many fields and is therefore drawing research attention. In this review, recent and prominent developments in biosensor technologies using graphene oxide (GO)-based nanomaterials in the field of cancer diagnosis are briefly summarized.
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Antonova, Hanna, Yevgenia Babenko, Oleksandr Voronenko, Igor Galelyuka, Anna Kedych, and Oleksandra Kovyrova. "Biosensor Devices in the Production of Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beverages." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.21.3.9.
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"Smart" multisensors and biosensor systems based on modern information and communication technologies make it possible to qualitatively improve the parameters of testing systems for biologically active, chemical and toxic substances and biological or biophysical objects, improve parameter control, data processing and analysis in digital agriculture, food industry, environmental monitoring and other areas of human activity. These next-generation devices combine biologically sensitive elements with converters of biophysical signals into electrical digital signals. The article reveals the basic principles of construction of biosensor devices, their practical implementation and application. The own results of development of a wireless network of "smart" multisensors and biosensor devices for express diagnostics of a condition of grape and fruit crops and control of process of production of wine are presented. In order to test the capabilities of the unit of measurement, a number of experimental works were performed. To perform such work, it was first necessary to develop a new embedded software for the microprocessor of Analog Devices ADuCM350, and the corresponding user software for the OS Windows 10. Experiments were performed using disposable sensors based on the enzyme glucose oxidase to measure the sugar content in glucose and wine solution. A review and analysis of modern biosensor devices used in the production of alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beverages were done. The comparative table of analyzers for different studies based on biosensors is made. Development and preparation for mass production of "smart" biosensors, biosensor devices and networks based on them is in line with global scientific and technological trends of today and, of course, the near future. Keywords: biosensors, ammetric transducers, wireless sensor network, express diagnostics of grape and berry crops.
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Gosai, Agnivo, Kamil Reza Khondakar, Xiao Ma, and Md Azahar Ali. "Application of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Based Biosensors for Health Monitoring: Simple Graphene Derivatives to 3D Printed Platforms." Biosensors 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2021): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11100384.
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Biosensors hold great potential for revolutionizing personalized medicine and environmental monitoring. Their construction is the key factor which depends on either manufacturing techniques or robust sensing materials to improve efficacy of the device. Functional graphene is an attractive choice for transducing material due to its various advantages in interfacing with biorecognition elements. Graphene and its derivatives such as graphene oxide (GO) are thus being used extensively for biosensors for monitoring of diseases. In addition, graphene can be patterned to a variety of structures and is incorporated into biosensor devices such as microfluidic devices and electrochemical and plasmonic sensors. Among biosensing materials, GO is gaining much attention due to its easy synthesis process and patternable features, high functionality, and high electron transfer properties with a large surface area leading to sensitive point-of-use applications. Considering demand and recent challenges, this perspective review is an attempt to describe state-of-the-art biosensors based on functional graphene. Special emphasis is given to elucidating the mechanism of sensing while discussing different applications. Further, we describe the future prospects of functional GO-based biosensors for health care and environmental monitoring with a focus on additive manufacturing such as 3D printing.
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Giorgi, Giada, and Sarah Tonello. "Wearable Biosensor Standardization: How to Make Them Smarter." Standards 2, no. 3 (August 2, 2022): 366–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/standards2030025.
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The availability of low-cost plug-and-play devices may contribute to the diffusion of methods and technologies for the personalized monitoring of physiological parameters by wearable devices. This paper is focused on biosensors, which represent an interesting enabling technology for the real-time continuous acquisition of biological or chemical analytes of physio-pathological interest, e.g., metabolites, protein biomarkers, and electrolytes in biofluids. Currently available commercial biosensors are usually referred to as customized and proprietary solutions. However, the efficient and robust development of e-health applications based on wearable biosensors can be eased from device interoperability. In this way, even if the different modules belong to different manufacturers, they can be added, upgraded, changed or removed without affecting the whole data acquisition system. A great effort in this direction has already been made by the ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451 standard that introduces the concept of smart sensors by defining the main and essential characteristics that these devices should have. Following the guidelines provided by this standard, here we propose a set of characteristics that should be considered in the development of a smart biosensor and how they could be integrated into the existing standard.
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Ahsan, Muhammad. "BIOSENSORS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION DETECTION AND MONITORING." Agricultural Sciences Journal 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56520/asj.004.01.0131.
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The discharge of dangerous contaminants like pesticides, chemicals and heavy metals into the natural ecosystem is a worldwide issue. Therefore, it is important to identify fast-moving and recyclable contaminants. Biosensors are highly sensitive devices for detecting environmental pollution. Various biosensor types have been developed to detect environmental contamination. Biosensor is the most recent breakthrough in environmental pollution detection and monitoring. Biosensors are widely used in the detection of pesticides, heavy metals, surfactants, biological oxygen demand, phenolic compounds, pharmaceutical compounds, and pathogenic organisms. This paper mainly focuses on the principle, working, characteristics, and uses of biosensors, which are constructed for the detection of pollution.
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Ahsan, Muhammad. "BIOSENSORS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION DETECTION AND MONITORING." Agricultural Sciences Journal 4, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56520/asj.v4i1.131.
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The discharge of dangerous contaminants like pesticides, chemicals and heavy metals into the natural ecosystem is a worldwide issue. Therefore, it is important to identify fast-moving and recyclable contaminants. Biosensors are highly sensitive devices for detecting environmental pollution. Various biosensor types have been developed to detect environmental contamination. Biosensor is the most recent breakthrough in environmental pollution detection and monitoring. Biosensors are widely used in the detection of pesticides, heavy metals, surfactants, biological oxygen demand, phenolic compounds, pharmaceutical compounds, and pathogenic organisms. This paper mainly focuses on the principle, working, characteristics, and uses of biosensors, which are constructed for the detection of pollution.
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Wu, Qiaoyun, Yunzhe Zhang, Qian Yang, Ning Yuan, and Wei Zhang. "Review of Electrochemical DNA Biosensors for Detecting Food Borne Pathogens." Sensors 19, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 4916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19224916.
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The vital importance of rapid and accurate detection of food borne pathogens has driven the development of biosensor to prevent food borne illness outbreaks. Electrochemical DNA biosensors offer such merits as rapid response, high sensitivity, low cost, and ease of use. This review covers the following three aspects: food borne pathogens and conventional detection methods, the design and fabrication of electrochemical DNA biosensors and several techniques for improving sensitivity of biosensors. We highlight the main bioreceptors and immobilizing methods on sensing interface, electrochemical techniques, electrochemical indicators, nanotechnology, and nucleic acid-based amplification. Finally, in view of the existing shortcomings of electrochemical DNA biosensors in the field of food borne pathogen detection, we also predict and prospect future research focuses from the following five aspects: specific bioreceptors (improving specificity), nanomaterials (enhancing sensitivity), microfluidic chip technology (realizing automate operation), paper-based biosensors (reducing detection cost), and smartphones or other mobile devices (simplifying signal reading devices).
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Khor, Sook Mei, Joonhwa Choi, Phillip Won, and Seung Hwan Ko. "Challenges and Strategies in Developing an Enzymatic Wearable Sweat Glucose Biosensor as a Practical Point-Of-Care Monitoring Tool for Type II Diabetes." Nanomaterials 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12020221.
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Recently, several studies have been conducted on wearable biosensors. Despite being skin-adhesive and mountable diagnostic devices, flexible biosensor patches cannot truly be considered wearable biosensors if they need to be connected to external instruments/processors to provide meaningful data/readings. A realistic and usable wearable biosensor should be self-contained, with a fully integrated device framework carefully designed and configured to provide reliable and intelligent diagnostics. There are several major challenges to achieving continuous sweat monitoring in real time for the systematic and effective management of type II diabetes (e.g., prevention, screening, monitoring, and treatment) through wearable sweat glucose biosensors. Consequently, further in-depth research regarding the exact interrelationship between active or passive sweat glucose and blood glucose is required to assess the applicability of wearable glucose biosensors in functional health monitoring. This review provides some useful insights that can enable effective critical studies of these unresolved issues. In this review, we first classify wearable glucose biosensors based on their signal transduction, their respective challenges, and the advanced strategies required to overcome them. Subsequently, the challenges and limitations of enzymatic and non-enzymatic wearable glucose biosensors are discussed and compared. Ten basic criteria to be considered and fulfilled in the development of a suitable, workable, and wearable sweat-based glucose biosensor are listed, based on scientific reports from the last five years. We conclude with our outlook for the controllable, well-defined, and non-invasive monitoring of epidermal glucose for maximum diagnostic potential in the effective management of type II diabetes.
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Rodriguez-Mozaz, S., M. P. Marco, M. J. Lopez de Alda, and D. Barceló. "Biosensors for environmental applications: Future development trends." Pure and Applied Chemistry 76, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 723–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200476040723.
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Biosensors can be excellent analytical tools for monitoring programs working to implement legislation. In this article, biosensors for environmental analysis and monitoring are extensively reviewed. Examples of biosensors for the most important families of envi-ronmental pollutants, including some commercial devices, are presented. Finally, future trends in biosensor development are discussed. In this context, bioelectronics, nanotechnology, miniaturization, and especially biotechnology seem to be growing areas that will have a marked influence on the development of new biosensing strategies in the next future.
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Torres, Fernando, Santiago Puente, and Andrés Úbeda. "Assistance Robotics and Biosensors." Sensors 18, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 3502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103502.
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This Special Issue is focused on breakthrough developments in the field of biosensors and current scientific progress in biomedical signal processing. The papers address innovative solutions in assistance robotics based on bioelectrical signals, including: Affordable biosensor technology, affordable assistive-robotics devices, new techniques in myoelectric control and advances in brain–machine interfacing.
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Tothill, I. "Biosensors and nanomaterials and their application for mycotoxin determination." World Mycotoxin Journal 4, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2011.1318.
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Mycotoxin analysis and detection in food and drinks is vital for ensuring food quality and safety, eliminating and controlling the risk of consuming contaminated foods, and complying with the legislative limits set by food authorities worldwide. Most analysis of these toxins is still conducted using conventional methods; however, biosensor methods are currently being developed as screening tools for use in field analysis. Biosensors have demonstrated their ability to provide rapid, sensitive, robust and cost-effective quantitative methods for on-site testing. The development of biosensor devices for different mycotoxins has attracted much research interest in recent years with a range of devices being designed and reported in the scientific literature. However, with the advent of nanotechnology and its impact on the evolution of ultrasensitive devices, mycotoxin analysis is also benefiting from the advances taking place in applying nanomaterials in sensors development. This paper reviews the developments in the area of biosensors and their applications for mycotoxin analysis, as well as the development of micro/nanoarray transducers and nanoparticles and their use in the development of new rapid devices.
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Karunakaran, Chandran, Murugesan Karthikeyan, Marimuthu Dhinesh Kumar, Ganesan Kaniraja, and Kalpana Bhargava. "Electrochemical Biosensors for Point of care Applications." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 5 (October 8, 2020): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.16359.
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Biosensor refers to powerful and innovative analytical tool involving biological sensing element and transducer with broad range of applications, such as diagnosis, drug discovery, biomedicine, food safety and processing, environmental monitoring, security and defense. Recent advances in the field of biotechnology, microelectronics, and nanotechnology have improved the development of biosensors. Glucometers utilizing the electrochemical determination of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide employing immobilised glucose oxidase electrode seeded the discovery and development of biosensors. Molecular recognition based on geometry and forces of interaction play an important role in the biosensor development. The advent of nanotechnology led to highly efficient and sensitive biosensors. They also provide an effective immobilisation matrix for the various bioreceptors. Enzymatic and their mimetic (metalloporphyrin)-based biosensors for reactive oxygen, nitrogen species and cytochrome c will also be discussed. The role of antibodies and their applications in immunosensors development for cytochrome c and superoxide dismutase will be highlighted. The electrochemical biosensors are less expensive, miniaturised and used for point-of-care applications. Further, the fabrication of labVIEW based virtual biosensor instrumentation and microcontroller based portable biosensor for wide variety of applications also devices will be presented.
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Prakash, Shaurya, Marie Pinti, and Bharat Bhushan. "Theory, fabrication and applications of microfluidic and nanofluidic biosensors." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1967 (May 28, 2012): 2269–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0498.
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Biosensors are a broad array of devices that detect the type and amount of a biological species or biomolecule. Several different types of biosensors have been developed that rely on changes to mechanical, chemical or electrical properties of the transduction or sensing element to induce a measurable signal. Often, a biosensor will integrate several functions or unit operations such as sample extraction, manipulation and detection on a single platform. This review begins with an overview of the current state-of-the-art biosensor field. Next, the review delves into a special class of biosensors that rely on microfluidics and nanofluidics by presenting the underlying theory, fabrication and several examples and applications of microfluidic and nanofluidic sensors.
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Asal, Melis, Özlem Özen, Mert Şahinler, Hasan Tahsin Baysal, and İlker Polatoğlu. "An overview of biomolecules, immobilization methods and support materials of biosensors." Sensor Review 39, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-04-2018-0084.
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Purpose Traditional analytical methods are often time-consuming and require bulky instruments, making their widespread implementation challenging. This paper aims to represent the principal concepts of biosensors as an introduction of this technology to readers and offers a comprehensive understanding of its functions. Design/methodology/approach The authors provide descriptions of the components, characteristics and advantages of biosensors along with the immobilization methods, followed by a brief discussion. Findings A biosensor is an analytical device comprising a specific biomolecule and a transducer in conjunction with an output system. The biomolecule recognizes a specific target which leads to a change in physicochemical properties of a system. This biorecognition phenomenon is later converted into a detectable signal by the transducer. Biosensors can essentially serve as rapid and cost-effective devices with excellent sensitivity and specificity for critical purposes in innumerable fields, ranging from scientific research to day-to-day applications. Originality/value Here, the authors explain and discuss the approaches and challenges with the aim of leading to an interest in biosensor development and improving their applications.
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Naresh, Varnakavi, and Nohyun Lee. "A Review on Biosensors and Recent Development of Nanostructured Materials-Enabled Biosensors." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041109.
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A biosensor is an integrated receptor-transducer device, which can convert a biological response into an electrical signal. The design and development of biosensors have taken a center stage for researchers or scientists in the recent decade owing to the wide range of biosensor applications, such as health care and disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, water and food quality monitoring, and drug delivery. The main challenges involved in the biosensor progress are (i) the efficient capturing of biorecognition signals and the transformation of these signals into electrochemical, electrical, optical, gravimetric, or acoustic signals (transduction process), (ii) enhancing transducer performance i.e., increasing sensitivity, shorter response time, reproducibility, and low detection limits even to detect individual molecules, and (iii) miniaturization of the biosensing devices using micro-and nano-fabrication technologies. Those challenges can be met through the integration of sensing technology with nanomaterials, which range from zero- to three-dimensional, possessing a high surface-to-volume ratio, good conductivities, shock-bearing abilities, and color tunability. Nanomaterials (NMs) employed in the fabrication and nanobiosensors include nanoparticles (NPs) (high stability and high carrier capacity), nanowires (NWs) and nanorods (NRs) (capable of high detection sensitivity), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (large surface area, high electrical and thermal conductivity), and quantum dots (QDs) (color tunability). Furthermore, these nanomaterials can themselves act as transduction elements. This review summarizes the evolution of biosensors, the types of biosensors based on their receptors, transducers, and modern approaches employed in biosensors using nanomaterials such as NPs (e.g., noble metal NPs and metal oxide NPs), NWs, NRs, CNTs, QDs, and dendrimers and their recent advancement in biosensing technology with the expansion of nanotechnology.
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Miyazaki, Celina M., Eadaoin Carthy, and David J. Kinahan. "Biosensing on the Centrifugal Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Disc Platform." Processes 8, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111360.
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Lab-on-a-Disc (LoaD) biosensors are increasingly a promising solution for many biosensing applications. In the search for a perfect match between point-of-care (PoC) microfluidic devices and biosensors, the LoaD platform has the potential to be reliable, sensitive, low-cost, and easy-to-use. The present global pandemic draws attention to the importance of rapid sample-to-answer PoC devices for minimising manual intervention and sample manipulation, thus increasing the safety of the health professional while minimising the chances of sample contamination. A biosensor is defined by its ability to measure an analyte by converting a biological binding event to tangible analytical data. With evolving manufacturing processes for both LoaDs and biosensors, it is becoming more feasible to embed biosensors within the platform and/or to pair the microfluidic cartridges with low-cost detection systems. This review considers the basics of the centrifugal microfluidics and describes recent developments in common biosensing methods and novel technologies for fluidic control and automation. Finally, an overview of current devices on the market is provided. This review will guide scientists who want to initiate research in LoaD PoC devices as well as providing valuable reference material to researchers active in the field.
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Madrid, Rossana E., Fernando Ashur Ramallo, Daniela E. Barraza, and Roberto E. Chaile. "Smartphone-Based Biosensor Devices for Healthcare: Technologies, Trends, and Adoption by End-Users." Bioengineering 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9030101.
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Smart biosensors are becoming an important support for modern healthcare, even more so in the current context. Numerous smartphone-based biosensor developments were published in recent years, some highly effective and sensitive. However, when patents and patent applications related to smart biosensors for healthcare applications are analyzed, it is surprising to note that, after significant growth in the first half of the decade, the number of applications filed has decreased considerably in recent years. There can be many causes of this effect. In this review, we present the state of the art of different types of smartphone-based biosensors, considering their stages of development. In the second part, a critical analysis of the possible reasons why many technologies do not reach the market is presented. Both technical and end-user adoption limitations were addressed. It was observed that smart biosensors on the commercial stage are still scarce despite the great evolution that these technologies have experienced, which shows the need to strengthen the stages of transfer, application, and adoption of technologies by end-users.
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Gavrilaș, Simona, Claudiu Ștefan Ursachi, Simona Perța-Crișan, and Florentina-Daniela Munteanu. "Recent Trends in Biosensors for Environmental Quality Monitoring." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041513.
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The monitoring of environmental pollution requires fast, reliable, cost-effective and small devices. This need explains the recent trends in the development of biosensing devices for pollutant detection. The present review aims to summarize the newest trends regarding the use of biosensors to detect environmental contaminants. Enzyme, whole cell, antibody, aptamer, and DNA-based biosensors and biomimetic sensors are discussed. We summarize their applicability to the detection of various pollutants and mention their constructive characteristics. Several detection principles are used in biosensor design: amperometry, conductometry, luminescence, etc. They differ in terms of rapidity, sensitivity, profitability, and design. Each one is characterized by specific selectivity and detection limits depending on the sensitive element. Mimetic biosensors are slowly gaining attention from researchers and users due to their advantages compared with classical ones. Further studies are necessary for the development of robust biosensing devices that can successfully be used for the detection of pollutants from complex matrices without prior sample preparation.
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Camarca, Alessandra, Antonio Varriale, Alessandro Capo, Angela Pennacchio, Alessia Calabrese, Cristina Giannattasio, Carlos Murillo Almuzara, Sabato D’Auria, and Maria Staiano. "Emergent Biosensing Technologies Based on Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Surface Plasmon Resonance." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030906.
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The purpose of this work is to provide an exhaustive overview of the emerging biosensor technologies for the detection of analytes of interest for food, environment, security, and health. Over the years, biosensors have acquired increasing importance in a wide range of applications due to synergistic studies of various scientific disciplines, determining their great commercial potential and revealing how nanotechnology and biotechnology can be strictly connected. In the present scenario, biosensors have increased their detection limit and sensitivity unthinkable until a few years ago. The most widely used biosensors are optical-based devices such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors and fluorescence-based biosensors. Here, we will review them by highlighting how the progress in their design and development could impact our daily life.
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Yoshimine, Hiroshi, Kai Sasaki, and Hiroyuki Furusawa. "Pocketable Biosensor Based on Quartz-Crystal Microbalance and Its Application to DNA Detection." Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010281.
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Quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) is a technique that can measure nanogram-order masses. When a receptor is immobilized on the sensor surface of a QCM device, the device can detect chemical molecules captured by the mass change. Although QCM devices have been applied to biosensors that detect biomolecules without labels for biomolecular interaction analysis, most highly sensitive QCM devices are benchtop devices. We considered the fabrication of an IC card-sized QCM device that is both portable and battery-powered. Its miniaturization was achieved by repurposing electronic components and film batteries from smartphones and wearable devices. To demonstrate the applicability of the card-sized QCM device as a biosensor, DNA-detection experiments were performed. The card-sized QCM device could detect specific 10-mer DNA chains while discerning single-base differences with a sensitivity similar to that of a conventional benchtop device. The card-sized QCM device can be used in laboratories and in various other fields as a mass sensor.
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Frutiger, Andreas, Karl Gatterdam, Yves Blickenstorfer, Andreas Michael Reichmuth, Christof Fattinger, and János Vörös. "Ultra Stable Molecular Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part II. Experimental Demonstration." Sensors 21, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010009.
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Label-free optical biosensors are an invaluable tool for molecular interaction analysis. Over the past 30 years, refractometric biosensors and, in particular, surface plasmon resonance have matured to the de facto standard of this field despite a significant cross reactivity to environmental and experimental noise sources. In this paper, we demonstrate that sensors that apply the spatial affinity lock-in principle (part I) and perform readout by diffraction overcome the drawbacks of established refractometric biosensors. We show this with a direct comparison of the cover refractive index jump sensitivity as well as the surface mass resolution of an unstabilized diffractometric biosensor with a state-of-the-art Biacore 8k. A combined refractometric diffractometric biosensor demonstrates that a refractometric sensor requires a much higher measurement precision than the diffractometric to achieve the same resolution. In a conceptual and quantitative discussion, we elucidate the physical reasons behind and define the figure of merit of diffractometric biosensors. Because low-precision unstabilized diffractometric devices achieve the same resolution as bulky stabilized refractometric sensors, we believe that label-free optical sensors might soon move beyond the drug discovery lab as miniaturized, mass-produced environmental/medical sensors. In fact, combined with the right surface chemistry and recognition element, they might even bring the senses of smell/taste to our smart devices.
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Ebrahimi, Aida. "(Invited) Electrochemical Biosensors for Label-Free Bacterial Analysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 53 (July 7, 2022): 2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01532203mtgabs.
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Traditional methods for bacterial detection and analysis are time consuming, labor-demanding, and have limited portability. This presents a significant opportunity for biosensor engineers to develop low-cost devices for bacterial studies. In this talk, I will discuss our recent advances in developing electrochemical biosensing devices for bacterial analysis. The devices enable characterizing cell envelope, metabolic activity, and quorum sensing molecules, and can provide real-time insight into bacterial response to environmental stress, such as drugs. The sensors feature functional materials to achieve specificity and sensitivity for analysis of real samples. Depending on the need, the biosensors are manufactured using a combination of different device fabrication methods, including standard microfabrication, electrodeposition, printing, and laser engraving of plastic and paper. Specifically, owing to compatibility with additive manufacturing and having rich active sites for functionalization, direct laser engraving enables rapid prototyping of low-cost sensors for a wide range of stand-alone diagnostic platforms.
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Yang, Xudong, and Huanyu Cheng. "Recent Developments of Flexible and Stretchable Electrochemical Biosensors." Micromachines 11, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030243.
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The skyrocketing popularity of health monitoring has spurred increasing interest in wearable electrochemical biosensors. Compared with the traditionally rigid and bulky electrochemical biosensors, flexible and stretchable devices render a unique capability to conform to the complex, hierarchically textured surfaces of the human body. With a recognition element (e.g., enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, ions) to selectively react with the target analyte, wearable electrochemical biosensors can convert the types and concentrations of chemical changes in the body into electrical signals for easy readout. Initial exploration of wearable electrochemical biosensors integrates electrodes on textile and flexible thin-film substrate materials. A stretchable property is needed for the thin-film device to form an intimate contact with the textured skin surface and to deform with various natural skin motions. Thus, stretchable materials and structures have been exploited to ensure the effective function of a wearable electrochemical biosensor. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent development of flexible and stretchable electrochemical biosensors, including their principles, representative application scenarios (e.g., saliva, tear, sweat, and interstitial fluid), and materials and structures. While great strides have been made in the wearable electrochemical biosensors, challenges still exist, which represents a small fraction of opportunities for the future development of this burgeoning field.
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Martínez-Periñán, Emiliano, Cristina Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Tania García-Mendiola, and Encarnación Lorenzo. "Electrochemiluminescence Biosensors Using Screen-Printed Electrodes." Biosensors 10, no. 9 (September 9, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10090118.
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Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (also called electrochemiluminescence (ECL)) has become a great focus of attention in different fields of analysis, mainly as a consequence of the potential remarkably high sensitivity and wide dynamic range. In the particular case of sensing applications, ECL biosensor unites the benefits of the high selectivity of biological recognition elements and the high sensitivity of ECL analysis methods. Hence, it is a powerful analytical device for sensitive detection of different analytes of interest in medical prognosis and diagnosis, food control and environment. These wide range of applications are increased by the introduction of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). Disposable SPE-based biosensors cover the need to perform in-situ measurements with portable devices quickly and accurately. In this review, we sum up the latest biosensing applications and current progress on ECL bioanalysis combined with disposable SPEs in the field of bio affinity ECL sensors including immunosensors, DNA analysis and catalytic ECL sensors. Furthermore, the integration of nanomaterials with particular physical and chemical properties in the ECL biosensing systems has improved tremendously their sensitivity and overall performance, being one of the most appropriates research fields for the development of highly sensitive ECL biosensor devices.
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Lopez, Gerardo A., M. Carmen Estevez, Maria Soler, and Laura M. Lechuga. "Recent advances in nanoplasmonic biosensors: applications and lab-on-a-chip integration." Nanophotonics 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0101.
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AbstractMotivated by the recent progress in the nanofabrication field and the increasing demand for cost-effective, portable, and easy-to-use point-of-care platforms, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors have been subjected to a great scientific interest in the last few years. The progress observed in the research of this nanoplasmonic technology is remarkable not only from a nanostructure fabrication point of view but also in the complete development and integration of operative devices and their application. The potential benefits that LSPR biosensors can offer, such as sensor miniaturization, multiplexing opportunities, and enhanced performances, have quickly positioned them as an interesting candidate in the design of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) optical biosensor platforms. This review covers specifically the most significant achievements that occurred in recent years towards the integration of this technology in compact devices, with views of obtaining LOC devices. We also discuss the most relevant examples of the use of the nanoplasmonic biosensors for real bioanalytical and clinical applications from assay development and validation to the identification of the implications, requirements, and challenges to be surpassed to achieve fully operative devices.
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Kim, Tae Hyun. "Toward Emerging Innovations in Electrochemical Biosensing Technology." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 2461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062461.
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With the progress of nanoscience and biotechnology, advanced electrochemical biosensors have been widely investigated for various application fields. Such electrochemical sensors are well suited to miniaturization and integration for portable devices and parallel processing chips. Therefore, advanced electrochemical biosensors can open a new era in health care, drug discovery, and environmental monitoring. This Special Issue serves the need to promote exploratory research and development on emerging electrochemical biosensor technologies while aiming to reflect on the current state of research in this emerging field.
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Momeni, Nika, Kayla Javadifar, Maria A. Patrick, Muhammad Hasibul Hasan, and Farhana Chowdhury. "Review on Gold Nanoparticles-Based Biosensors in Clinical and Non-Clinical Applications." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.07.01.2022.01.
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Gold nanoparticles (GNP) acquire unique properties that have made significant contributions to clinical and non-clinical fields, specifically in the application of GNP’s for designing biosensor devices in which exhibit novel functional properties. Many properties of GNP’s are reviewed in this literature including optical properties, biocompatibility, conductivity, catalytic properties, high surface-to-volume ratio, and high density of the GNPs, that make them excellent in the application of constructing GNP-based biosensors. This literature review covers a specific comparison between the optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors, as these are the three most common GNP-based biosensors. Optical biosensors are optimal due to their ability to cater to surface modification, which then leads to the ability for selective bonding. Furthermore, with the use of GNP and the sensor's non-invasive and non-toxic method of use, high-resolution images and signals can be formed. The sensitivity and specificity of electrochemical biosensors with the conductivity of GNPs, the electrodes of this stable biosensor can detect tumour markers in the human body. Piezoelectric biosensors are mass sensitive sensors and with the use of GNP, it amplifies the changes in mass. Through this, these sensors progress to be immunosensors which determine microorganisms and macromolecular compounds. As well, this review will conclude with an outline of present and future research recommendations for real-world application of the three GNP-based biosensors discussed.
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Petrauskas, Karolis, and Romas Baronas. "Biojutiklių, modeliuojamų dvimatėje erdvėje, kompiuterinių modelių automatizuotas sudarymas." Informacijos mokslai 42, no. 43 (January 1, 2008): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2008.0.3434.
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Biojutikliai yra plačiai naudojami tirti medžiagų koncentracijai tirpaluose. Viena pagrindinių biojutiklio sudedamųjų dalių yra fermentas. Fermentai yra gana brangios medžiagos, dėl to ir vykdyti eksperimentus yra brangu. Kuriant naujus biojutiklius tenka atlikti daug eksperimentų. Kad būtų sumažintas reikiamų eksperimentų skaičius, taikomas kompiuterinis biojutiklių veiksmo modeliavimas. Dažniausiai konkrečios geometrijos biojutikliui kuriamas konkretus jo kompiuterinis modelis. Šiame straipsnyje pristatoma sistema, kuri gali prisitaikyti prie konkrečios geometrijos biojutiklio. Sistema gali būti taikoma biojutikliams, kurių veiksmas aprašomas matematiniais modeliais, formuluojamais dvimatėje stačiakampėje srityje. Konkretaus biojutiklio matematinio modelio sprendinys komponuojamas parenkant konkrečius algoritmus.Computer aided model composition for biosensors modelled in two-dimensional spaceKarolis Petrauskas, Romas Baronas SummaryBiosensors are analytical devices that use biological components, usually enzymes, which catalyse the interaction with a target analyte. Biosensors are widely used in clinical, environment and industrial applications for the determination of species concentrations. In some applications of biosensors, enzymes are very expensive and only available in very limited quantity. In design of novel highly sensitive biosensors a lot of experiments are required. Computer simulation of the biosensor action is an effective way to decrease a number of physical experiments. This paper presents a system adaptive to a concrete geometry of the biosensor. The system may be applied for biosensors, the action of which can be described by a mathematical model formulated in a two dimensional space. A simulator for a concrete biosensor is generated from the detailed description of the biosensor action.eight: 18px;">
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Zinoviev, Kirill, Laura G. Carrascosa, José Sánchez del Río, Borja Sepúlveda, Carlos Domínguez, and Laura M. Lechuga. "Silicon Photonic Biosensors for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications." Advances in Optical Technologies 2008 (June 4, 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/383927.
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In the last two decades, we have witnessed a remarkable progress in the development of biosensor devices and their application in areas such as environmental monitoring, biotechnology, medical diagnostics, drug screening, food safety, and security, among others. The technology of optical biosensors has reached a high degree of maturity and several commercial products are on the market. But problems of stability, sensitivity, and size have prevented the general use of optical biosensors for real field applications. Integrated photonic biosensors based on silicon technology could solve such drawbacks, offering early diagnostic tools with better sensitivity, specificity, and reliability, which could improve the effectiveness of in-vivo and in-vitro diagnostics. Our last developments in silicon photonic biosensors will be showed, mainly related to the development of portable and highly sensitive integrated photonic sensing platforms.
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Wu, Shigang, Xin Wang, Zongwen Li, Shijie Zhang, and Fei Xing. "Recent Advances in the Fabrication and Application of Graphene Microfluidic Sensors." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121059.
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This review reports the progress of the recent development of graphene-based microfluidic sensors. The introduction of microfluidics technology provides an important possibility for the advance of graphene biosensor devices for a broad series of applications including clinical diagnosis, biological detection, health, and environment monitoring. Compared with traditional (optical, electrochemical, and biological) sensing systems, the combination of graphene and microfluidics produces many advantages, such as achieving miniaturization, decreasing the response time and consumption of chemicals, improving the reproducibility and sensitivity of devices. This article reviews the latest research progress of graphene microfluidic sensors in the fields of electrochemistry, optics, and biology. Here, the latest development trends of graphene-based microfluidic sensors as a new generation of detection tools in material preparation, device assembly, and chip materials are summarized. Special emphasis is placed on the working principles and applications of graphene-based microfluidic biosensors, especially in the detection of nucleic acid molecules, protein molecules, and bacterial cells. This article also discusses the challenges and prospects of graphene microfluidic biosensors.
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Klyuchko, O. M., and P. V. Beloshitsky. "Biosensor concept and data input to biomedical infornation systems." Medical Informatics and Engineering, no. 3 (June 10, 2021): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/mie.1996-1960.2020.3.11698.
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Background. In present publication we generalized and analyzed deeply the experience of some biosensors studying in biophysical experiments with aim to incorporate them further to electronic information systems. Output biosensor electrical signals were input ones to electronic information system making their connection into joined bioinformation system. Materials and methods. Methods of comparative analysis of the characteristics of input and output electrical information signals of biosensor were applied; its physical and mathematical models were developed. For biosensor properties studies the methods of transmembrane electric currents recording in voltage-clamp mode as well as patch-clamp on hippocampal neuronal membranes were used. Results. Biosensor concept and their general characteristic were given, corresponding prototypes were observed. The physical model of biosensor was developed and some test results of this device were suggested. The biosensor was examined as abstraction in consistent unity of its functions: signal receiver — filter — analyzer — encoder/decoder. A brief mathematical description of biosensor functioning was given as well as corresponding algorithm. As a result of performed works the possibilities of this biosensor incorporation to bioinformation electronic systems were substantiated and the example of such system «EcoIS» was observed. Conclusion. In conclusion following results of the works were summarized. The detailed description of technical devices — biosensors as elements of biomedical information systems were done as well as analysis of electrical information signals at output of biosensor, its ability to encode information and detailed analysis of the possibility to incorporate this biotechnical device into electronic information systems due to biosensor output electricals signals.
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JoKaurrnal, Mandeep, Shikha Sharma, and Deepak Kumar. "An insight into the multifarious applications of biosensors and the way forward." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 5-S (October 15, 2022): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i5-s.5633.
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A biosensor is a self-reliant integrated device that is proficient in providing specific quantitative or semi-quantitative analytical information. It has been using a biological recognition component that is in direct spatial contact with a transduction component. It is an appliance that consists of two main parts: a bioreceptor and a transducer. Bioreceptor is a biological component that recognizes the objective of an analyte and a transducer. A physicochemical detector component has also been employed that converts the recognition incident into a measurable signal. All the biological materials including enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, hormones, receptors, organelles, or whole cells can be used as sensors or detectors in a device. Biosensors can provide low-priced and highly capable devices for being used in other day-to-day applications. It has multifarious potential applications of various types such as monitoring of treatment, disease progression, drug discovery, food control, and environmental monitoring as well as it continues to play a crucial role across numerous fields including biomedical diagnosis. In this review, we give a general introduction to biosensors and their applications, including a brief historical overview.
Keywords: Biosensor, Bio-receptor, Transducer, Analyte, Detector.
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Bacciu, Andrea, Paola Arrigo, Rossana Migheli, Alessandra T. Peana, Gaia Rocchitta, and Pier Andrea Serra. "A Study on the Combination of Enzyme Stabilizers and Low Temperatures in the Long-Term Storage of Glutamate Biosensor." Chemosensors 9, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9060129.
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The importance of physiological glutamate has been widely demonstrated in cognitive and memory processes, as well as in neurotransmission. The involvement of physiological glutamate in several pathologies has also been established. Therefore, analytical devices for studying variations in physiological glutamate are of fundamental importance, particularly in preclinical studies. The necessary knowledge to develop and characterize biosensors for glutamate detection is often restricted to only a few research groups. However, many more groups have sought to implant such analytical devices to study the glutamatergic system in vivo. On this basis, a series of studies was undertaken to explore the medium-term storage of biosensors, thereby allowing their usage results to be differentiated from their construction and characterization processes to facilitate the wider diffusion and use of such sensors. Therefore, it has become vital to determine the best storage conditions to extend the life and functionality of these biosensors, especially due to the diachronic instability of the enzyme present on the surface. In the present study, we analyzed the impact of glycols, such as glycerol and triethylene glycol, as enzyme stabilizers coupled with long-term storage at low temperatures (−20 and −80 °C) on biosensor performance. The biosensors were observed for 5 months and evaluated for their enzymatic activity by measuring the VMAX(app) and KM(app). The analytical features were also evaluated in terms of the Linear Region Slope, which is one the most important parameters for indicating the efficiency and the sensitivity of biosensors. Interestingly, both glycols proved to be capable of increasing enzymatic activity and maintaining good biosensor efficiency over time. Moreover, the combination with low-temperature storage highlighted the different behaviors of the two glycols. In particular, glycerol was more effective in stabilizing the enzyme and maintaining analytical performance when the biosensors were stored at −20 °C. Instead, triethylene glycol performed the same function as glycerol but when the biosensors were stored at −80 °C.
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Sitkov, Nikita, Andrey Ryabko, Alexey Kolobov, Alexsandr Maximov, Vyacheslav Moshnikov, Stanislav Pshenichnyuk, Alexei Komolov, Andrey Aleshin, and Tatiana Zimina. "Impedimetric Biosensor Coated with Zinc Oxide Nanorods Synthesized by a Modification of the Hydrothermal Method for Antibody Detection." Chemosensors 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11010066.
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Impedimetric biosensors are used for detecting a wide range of analytes. The detection principle is a perspective for the development of new types of analytical devices for biomolecular diagnosis of diseases. Of particular interest are biosensors with very high sensitivities, capable of detecting trace amounts of biomarkers or drugs in biological fluids. Impedimetric biosensors possess a potential for increased sensitivity, since their electrodes can be modified with nanostructured materials, in particular zinc oxide. In this work, a miniature biosensor with an array of zinc oxide nanorods synthesized by the hydrothermal method has been created. Protein A was immobilized on the resulting structure, which was previously tested for binding to omalizumab by capillary electrophoresis. Using impedance spectroscopy, it was possible to detect the binding of omalizumab at concentrations down to 5 pg/mL. The resulting structures are suitable for creating reusable biosensor systems, since ZnO-coated electrodes are easily cleaned by photocatalytic decomposition of the bound molecules. The biosensor is promising for use in Point-of-Care systems designed for fast, multimodal detection of molecular markers of a wide range of diseases.
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Fois, Marco, Paola Arrigo, Andrea Bacciu, Patrizia Monti, Salvatore Marceddu, Gaia Rocchitta, and Pier Andrea Serra. "The Presence of Polysaccharides, Glycerol, and Polyethyleneimine in Hydrogel Enhances the Performance of the Glucose Biosensor." Biosensors 9, no. 3 (July 30, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9030095.
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The use of amperometric biosensors has attracted particular attention in recent years, both from researchers and from companies, as they have proven to be low-cost, reliable, and very sensitive devices, with a wide range of uses in different matrices. The continuous development of amperometric biosensors, since their use involves an enzyme, is specifically aimed at keeping and increasing the catalytic properties of the loaded protein, so as to be able to use the same device over time. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of glycerol and polysaccharides, in the presence of polycationic substances to constitute a hydrogel, in enhancing the enzymatic and analytic performance of a glucose biosensor. Initially, it was possible to verify how the deposition of the starch-based hydrogel, in addition to allowing the electropolymerization of the poly(p-phenylenediamine) polymer and the maintenance of its ability to shield the ascorbic acid, did not substantially limit the permeability towards hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, different biosensor designs, loading a mixture containing all the components (alone or in combination) and the enzyme, were tested in order to evaluate the changes of the apparent enzyme kinetic parameters, such as VMAX and KM, and analytical response in terms of Linear Region Slope, highlighting how the presence of all components (starch, glycerol, and polyethyleneimine) were able to substantially enhance the performance of the biosensors. The surface analysis of the biosensors was performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). More, it was shown that the same performances were kept unchanged for seven days, proving the suitability of this biosensor design for short- and mid-term use.
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Ramirez, Jhonattan C., Daniel Grajales García, Jesús Maldonado, and Adrián Fernández-Gavela. "Current Trends in Photonic Biosensors: Advances towards Multiplexed Integration." Chemosensors 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10100398.
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In this review, we present the current trends in photonic biosensors, focusing on devices based on lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems capable of simultaneously detecting multiple real-life diseases on a single platform. The first section lists the advantages and challenges of building LOC platforms based on integrated optics. Some of the most popular materials for the fabrication of microfluidic cells are also shown. Then, a review of the latest developments in biosensors using the evanescent wave detection principle is provided; this includes interferometric biosensors, ring resonators, and photonic crystals, including a brief description of commercial solutions, if available. Then, a review of the latest advances in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors is presented, including localized-SPRs (LSPRs). A brief comparison between the benefits and required improvements on each kind of biosensor is discussed at the end of each section. Finally, prospects in the field of LOC biosensors based on integrated optics are glimpsed.
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Baronas, Romas, and Karolis Petrauskas. "Sudėtinės geometrinės struktūros biojutiklių kompiuterinis modeliavimas." Informacijos mokslai 56 (January 1, 2011): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2011.0.3141.
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Biojutikliai yra analitiniai įrenginiai, skirti medžiagų koncentracijoms matuoti. Kuriant naujus biojutiklius reikia atlikti daug eksperimentų. Siekiant sumažinti atliekamų fizinių eksperimentų skaičių taikomas kompiuterinis biojutiklių veiksmo odeliavimas, kai įprastai kiekvienam struktūriškai naujam biojutikliui yra sudaromas matematinis modelis, tuomet jis keičiamas skirtuminiu, o jo lygčių sistemos sprendimas įgyvendinamas sudarant kompiuterinį modelį. Kiekvienas žingsnis reikalauja atidos ir turėtų būti automatizuotas. Straipsnyje yra pateikiamas biojutiklio metamodelis, leidžiantis formuluoti biojutiklių modelius dalykinės srities sąvokomis. Pasiūlytasis metamodelis aprašo biojutiklių modelius, formuluojamus dvimatėje erdvėje, apimančius biojutiklio struktūros, jo geometrinių savybių, biojutikliuose vykstančių reakcijų ir difuzijos procesų aprašus. Sudarius metamodelį, buvo sukurta programinė įranga, automatiškai sukonstruojanti kompiuterinį biojutiklio modelį pagal metamodeliosąvokomis išreikšto biojutiklio aprašą. Metamodelis ir programinė įranga buvo taikoma realiam biojutiklio modeliui sudaryti ir jo veiksmui modeliuoti kompiuteriniu būdu.", t. y. ištrinti žodžius "biojutiklių veiksmo.Computer-Aided Modeling of Biosensors with a Complex Geometrical StructureRomas Baronas, Karolis Petrauskas SummaryBiosensors are analytical devices used to measure the concentration of substances. When developing new biosensors, a lot of experiments are needed to be performed. Mathematical modeling of biosensors is used to decrease the number of physical experiments. Models of biosensors are usually created for each structurally unique biosensor by defining its mathematical model and the corresponding numerical approximation. Equations of the numerical model are then solved using computer programs, usually created for a particular model of the biosensor. Each of these steps requires a great attention and should be automated. The article presents a metamodel for a biosensor, enabling one to define models of biosensors in domain-specific terms. The proposed metamodel describes biosensor models, defined in the two-dimensional space and including definitions of the structure of a biosensor, its geometrical properties, reactions and diffusion processes taking place in it. Upon defining the metamodel, we compiled the computer software able to create computer models for biosensors from the models formulated according to the proposed metamodel. The metamodel was practically used to define a model for a real biosensor, and the biosensor modeling software was used to simulate its operation.
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Godignon, Phillippe, Iñigo Martin, Gemma Gabriel, Rodrigo Gomez, Marcel Placidi, and Rosa Villa. "New Generation of SiC Based Biodevices Implemented on 4” Wafers." Materials Science Forum 645-648 (April 2010): 1097–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.645-648.1097.
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Silicon Carbide is mainly used for power semiconductor devices fabrication. However, SiC material also offers attractive properties for other types of applications, such as high temperature sensors and biomedical devices. Micro-electrodes arrays are one of the leading biosensor applications. Semi-insulating SiC can be used to implement these devices, offering higher performances than Silicon. In addition, it can be combined with Carbon Nanotubes growth technology to improve the devices sensing performances. Other biosensors were SiC could be used are microfluidic based devices. However, improvement of SiCOI starting material is necessary to fulfill the typical requirements of such applications.
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Polat, Emre Ozan, M. Mustafa Cetin, Ahmet Fatih Tabak, Ebru Bilget Güven, Bengü Özuğur Uysal, Taner Arsan, Anas Kabbani, Houmeme Hamed, and Sümeyye Berfin Gül. "Transducer Technologies for Biosensors and Their Wearable Applications." Biosensors 12, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12060385.
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The development of new biosensor technologies and their active use as wearable devices have offered mobility and flexibility to conventional western medicine and personal fitness tracking. In the development of biosensors, transducers stand out as the main elements converting the signals sourced from a biological event into a detectable output. Combined with the suitable bio-receptors and the miniaturization of readout electronics, the functionality and design of the transducers play a key role in the construction of wearable devices for personal health control. Ever-growing research and industrial interest in new transducer technologies for point-of-care (POC) and wearable bio-detection have gained tremendous acceleration by the pandemic-induced digital health transformation. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of transducers for biosensors and their wearable applications that empower users for the active tracking of biomarkers and personal health parameters.
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Rasooly, Avraham, and Keith E. Herold. "Biosensors for the Analysis of Food- and Waterborne Pathogens and Their Toxins." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 873–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.3.873.
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Abstract Biosensors are devices which combine a biochemical recognition element with a physical transducer. There are various types of biosensors, including electrochemical, acoustical, and optical sensors. Biosensors are used for medical applications and for environmental testing. Although biosensors are not commonly used for food microbial analysis, they have great potential for the detection of microbial pathogens and their toxins in food. They enable fast or real-time detection, portability, and multipathogen detection for both field and laboratory analysis. Several applications have been developed for microbial analysis of food pathogens, including E. coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes, as well as various microbial toxins such as staphylococcal enterotoxins and mycotoxins. Biosensors have several potential advantages over other methods of analysis, including sensitivity in the range of ng/mL for microbial toxins and <100 colony-forming units/mL for bacteria. Fast or real-time detection can provide almost immediate interactive information about the sample tested, enabling users to take corrective measures before consumption or further contamination can occur. Miniaturization of biosensors enables biosensor integration into various food production equipment and machinery. Potential uses of biosensors for food microbiology include online process microbial monitoring to provide real-time information in food production and analysis ofmicrobial pathogens and their toxins in finished food. Biosensors can also be integrated into Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point programs, enabling critical microbial analysis of the entire food manufacturing process. In this review, the main biosensor approaches, technologies, instrumentation, and applications for food microbial analysis are described.
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Strakosas, Xenofon, Michele Sessolo, Adel Hama, Jonathan Rivnay, Eleni Stavrinidou, George G. Malliaras, and Roisin M. Owens. "A facile biofunctionalisation route for solution processable conducting polymer devices." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 17 (2014): 2537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tb21491e.
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de Looff, Pieter Christiaan, Henk Nijman, Robert Didden, and Matthijs L. Noordzij. "Usability and Acceptance of Wearable Biosensors in Forensic Psychiatry: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): e18096. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18096.
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Background The use of wearable biosensor devices for monitoring and coaching in forensic psychiatric settings yields high expectations for improved self-regulation of emotions and behavior in clients and staff members. More so, if clients have mild intellectual disabilities (IQ 50-85), they might benefit from these biosensors as they are easy to use in everyday life, which ensures that clients can practice with the devices in multiple stress and arousal-inducing situations. However, research on (continuous) use and acceptance of biosensors in forensic psychiatry for clients with mild intellectual disabilities and their caretakers is scarce. Although wearable biosensors show promise for health care, recent research showed that the acceptance and continuous use of wearable devices in consumers is not as was anticipated, probably due to low expectations. Objective The main goal of this study was to investigate the associations between and determinants of the expectation of usability, the actual experienced usability, and the intention for continuous use of biosensors. Methods A total of 77 participants (31 forensic clients with mild intellectual disabilities and 46 forensic staff members) participated in a 1-week trial. Preceding the study, we selected 4 devices thought to benefit the participants in domains of self-regulation, physical health, or sleep. Qualitative and quantitative questionnaires were used that explored the determinants of usability, acceptance, and continuous use of biosensors. Questionnaires consisted of the System Usability Scale, the Technology Acceptance Model questionnaire, and the extended expectation confirmation model questionnaire. Results Only the experienced usability of the devices was associated with intended continuous use. Forensic clients scored higher on acceptance and intention for continuous use than staff members. Moderate associations were found between usability with acceptance and continuous use. Staff members showed stronger associations between usability and acceptance (r=.80, P<.001) and usability and continuous use (r=.79, P<.001) than clients, who showed more moderate correlations between usability and acceptance (r=.46, P=.01) and usability and continuous use (r=.52, P=.003). The qualitative questionnaires in general indicated that the devices were easy to use and gave clear information. Conclusions Contrary to expectations, it was the actual perceived usability of wearing a biosensor that was associated with continuous use and to a much lesser extent the expectancy of usability. Clients scored higher on acceptance and intention for continuous use, but associations between usability and both acceptance and continuous use were markedly stronger in staff members. This study provides clear directions on how to further investigate these associations. For example, whether this is a true effect or due to a social desirability bias in the client group must be investigated. Clients with mild intellectual disabilities might benefit from the ease of use of these devices and their continuing monitoring and coaching apps. For these clients, it is especially important to develop easy-to-use biosensors with a minimum requirement on cognitive capacity to increase usability, acceptance, and continuous use.
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Nikoleli, Georgia-Paraskevi, Dimitrios Nikolelis, Christina Siontorou, Marianna-Thalia Nikolelis, and Stephanos Karapetis. "The Application of Lipid Membranes in Biosensing." Membranes 8, no. 4 (November 14, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes8040108.
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The exploitation of lipid membranes in biosensors has provided the ability to reconstitute a considerable part of their functionality to detect trace of food toxicants and environmental pollutants. This paper reviews recent progress in biosensor technologies based on lipid membranes suitable for food quality monitoring and environmental applications. Numerous biosensing applications based on lipid membrane biosensors are presented, putting emphasis on novel systems, new sensing techniques, and nanotechnology-based transduction schemes. The range of analytes that can be currently using these lipid film devices that can be detected include, insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, metals, toxins, antibiotics, microorganisms, hormones, dioxins, etc. Technology limitations and future prospects are discussed, focused on the evaluation/validation and eventually commercialization of the proposed lipid membrane-based biosensors.
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Ingenhoff, J., B. Drapp, and G. Gauglitz. "Biosensors using integrated optical devices." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 346, no. 6-9 (1993): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00321249.
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Ravariu, Cristian, Catalin Corneliu Parvulescu, Elena Manea, and Vasilica Tucureanu. "Optimized Technologies for Cointegration of MOS Transistor and Glucose Oxidase Enzyme on a Si-Wafer." Biosensors 11, no. 12 (December 5, 2021): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11120497.
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The biosensors that work with field effect transistors as transducers and enzymes as bio-receptors are called ENFET devices. In the actual paper, a traditional MOS-FET transistor is cointegrated with a glucose oxidase enzyme, offering a glucose biosensor. The manufacturing process of the proposed ENFET is optimized in the second iteration. Above the MOS gate oxide, the enzymatic bioreceptor as the glucose oxidase is entrapped onto the nano-structured TiO2 compound. This paper proposes multiple details for cointegration between MOS devices with enzymatic biosensors. The Ti conversion into a nanostructured layer occurs by anodization. Two cross-linkers are experimentally studied for a better enzyme immobilization. The final part of the paper combines experimental data with analytical models and extracts the calibration curve of this ENFET transistor, prescribing at the same time a design methodology.