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Journal articles on the topic 'Biosensor label-free'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Rho, Donggee, Caitlyn Breaux, and Seunghyun Kim. "Label-Free Optical Resonator-Based Biosensors." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 5901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205901.

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The demand for biosensor technology has grown drastically over the last few decades, mainly in disease diagnosis, drug development, and environmental health and safety. Optical resonator-based biosensors have been widely exploited to achieve highly sensitive, rapid, and label-free detection of biological analytes. The advancements in microfluidic and micro/nanofabrication technologies allow them to be miniaturized and simultaneously detect various analytes in a small sample volume. By virtue of these advantages and advancements, the optical resonator-based biosensor is considered a promising platform not only for general medical diagnostics but also for point-of-care applications. This review aims to provide an overview of recent progresses in label-free optical resonator-based biosensors published mostly over the last 5 years. We categorized them into Fabry-Perot interferometer-based and whispering gallery mode-based biosensors. The principles behind each biosensor are concisely introduced, and recent progresses in configurations, materials, test setup, and light confinement methods are described. Finally, the current challenges and future research topics of the optical resonator-based biosensor are discussed.

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Lai, Meimei, and Gymama Slaughter. "Label-Free MicroRNA Optical Biosensors." Nanomaterials 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2019): 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111573.

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating gene expression. Many studies show that miRNAs have been linked to almost all kinds of disease. In addition, miRNAs are well preserved in a variety of specimens, thereby making them ideal biomarkers for biosensing applications when compared to traditional protein biomarkers. Conventional biosensors for miRNA require fluorescent labeling, which is complicated, time-consuming, laborious, costly, and exhibits low sensitivity. The detection of miRNA remains a big challenge due to their intrinsic properties such as small sizes, low abundance, and high sequence similarity. A label-free biosensor can simplify the assay and enable the direct detection of miRNA. The optical approach for a label-free miRNA sensor is very promising and many assays have demonstrated ultra-sensitivity (aM) with a fast response time. Here, we review the most relevant label-free microRNA optical biosensors and the nanomaterials used to enhance the performance of the optical biosensors.

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Janssen, Jesslyn, Mike Lambeta, Paul White, and Ahmad Byagowi. "Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Label-Free Protein Detection." Biosensors 9, no. 4 (December 17, 2019): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9040144.

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There is a growing need for biosensors that are capable of efficiently and rapidly quantifying protein biomarkers, both in the biological research and clinical setting. While accurate methods for protein quantification exist, the current assays involve sophisticated techniques, take long to administer and often require highly trained personnel for execution and analysis. Herein, we explore the development of a label-free biosensor for the detection and quantification of a standard protein. The developed biosensors comprise carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a specific antibody and cellulose filtration paper. The change in electrical resistance of the CNT-based biosensor system was used to sense a standard protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a proof-of-concept. The developed biosensors were found to have a limit of detection of 2.89 ng/mL, which is comparable to the performance of the typical ELISA method for BSA quantification. Additionally, the newly developed method takes no longer than 10 min to perform, greatly reducing the time of analysis compared to the traditional ELISA technique. Overall, we present a versatile, affordable, simplified and rapid biosensor device capable of providing great benefit to both biological research and clinical diagnostics.

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Saha, Soumyadeep, Manoj Sachdev, and Sushanta K. Mitra. "Recent advances in label-free optical, electrochemical, and electronic biosensors for glioma biomarkers." Biomicrofluidics 17, no. 1 (January 2023): 011502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0135525.

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Gliomas are the most commonly occurring primary brain tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Currently, the diagnostic and monitoring options for glioma mainly revolve around imaging techniques, which often provide limited information and require supervisory expertise. Liquid biopsy is a great alternative or complementary monitoring protocol that can be implemented along with other standard diagnosis protocols. However, standard detection schemes for sampling and monitoring biomarkers in different biological fluids lack the necessary sensitivity and ability for real-time analysis. Lately, biosensor-based diagnostic and monitoring technology has attracted significant attention due to several advantageous features, including high sensitivity and specificity, high-throughput analysis, minimally invasive, and multiplexing ability. In this review article, we have focused our attention on glioma and presented a literature survey summarizing the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers associated with glioma. Further, we discussed different biosensory approaches reported to date for the detection of specific glioma biomarkers. Current biosensors demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity, which can be used for point-of-care devices or liquid biopsies. However, for real clinical applications, these biosensors lack high-throughput and multiplexed analysis, which can be achieved via integration with microfluidic systems. We shared our perspective on the current state-of-the-art different biosensor-based diagnostic and monitoring technologies reported and the future research scopes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review focusing on biosensors for glioma detection, and it is anticipated that the review will offer a new pathway for the development of such biosensors and related diagnostic platforms.

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Angelopoulou, Michailia, Sotirios Kakabakos, and Panagiota Petrou. "Label-Free Biosensors Based onto Monolithically Integrated onto Silicon Optical Transducers." Chemosensors 6, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors6040052.

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The article reviews the current status of label-free integrated optical biosensors focusing on the evolution over the years of their analytical performance. At first, a short introduction to the evanescent wave optics is provided followed by detailed description of the main categories of label-free optical biosensors, including sensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR), grating couplers, photonic crystals, ring resonators, and interferometric transducers. For each type of biosensor, the detection principle is first provided followed by description of the different transducer configurations so far developed and their performance as biosensors. Finally, a short discussion about the current limitations and future perspectives of integrated label-free optical biosensors is provided.

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O'Malley, Shawn M., Xinying Xie, and Anthony G. Frutos. "Label-Free High-Throughput Functional Lytic Assays." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 12, no. 1 (November 12, 2006): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057106296496.

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Refractive index-sensitive resonant waveguide grating biosensors are used to assay the label-free enzymatic degradation of biomolecules. These assays provide a robust means of screening for functional lytic modulators. The biomolecular substrates in this study were covalently immobilized through amine groups. Using the Corning® Epic™ System, the digestion signatures for multiple protein substrates on the biosensors are measured. Label-free digestion profiles for these proteins were substrate specific. Similarly, the authors find that the label-free digestion is protease specific. Enzyme-substrate pairs were used to evaluate high- throughput biosensors as tools for screening functional modulators. The lytic inhibitor properties for several proteases and dextranase are determined. The authors find that the IC50 values for the protease inhibitors agree with the reported values for several known inhibitors. The Ź values, using biosensor-based functional lytic screens, were routinely greater than 0.5, making this label-free application feasible for high-throughput screening.

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Koyappayil, Aneesh, and Min-Ho Lee. "Ultrasensitive Materials for Electrochemical Biosensor Labels." Sensors 21, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010089.

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Since the fabrication of the first electrochemical biosensor by Leland C. Clark in 1956, various labeled and label-free sensors have been reported for the detection of biomolecules. Labels such as nanoparticles, enzymes, Quantum dots, redox-active molecules, low dimensional carbon materials, etc. have been employed for the detection of biomolecules. Because of the absence of cross-reaction and highly selective detection, labeled biosensors are advantageous and preferred over label-free biosensors. The biosensors with labels depend mainly on optical, magnetic, electrical, and mechanical principles. Labels combined with electrochemical techniques resulted in the selective and sensitive determination of biomolecules. The present review focuses on categorizing the advancement and advantages of different labeling methods applied simultaneously with the electrochemical techniques in the past few decades.

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8

Luka, George, Ehsan Samiei, Soroush Dehghani, Thomas Johnson, Homayoun Najjaran, and Mina Hoorfar. "Label-Free Capacitive Biosensor for Detection of Cryptosporidium." Sensors 19, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020258.

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Cryptosporidium, an intestinal protozoan pathogen, is one of the leading causes of diarrhea in healthy adults and death in children. Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts has become a high priority to prevent potential outbreaks. In this paper, a label-free interdigitated-based capacitive biosensor has been introduced for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water samples. Specific anti-Cryptosporidium monoclonal antibodies (IgG3) were covalently immobilized onto interdigitated gold electrodes as the capture probes, and bovine serum albumin was used to avoid non-specific adsorption. The immobilization of the antibodies was confirmed by measuring the change in the contact angle. The detection was achieved by measuring the relative change in the capacitive/dielectric properties due to the formation of Cryptosporidium-antibody complex. The biosensor has been tested for different concentrations of Cryptosporidium. The results show that the biosensor developed can accurately distinguish different numbers of captured cells and densities on the surface of the biosensor. The number of Cryptosporidium oocysts captured on the electrode surface was confirmed using a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) immunofluorescence assay. The response from the developed biosensor has been mainly dependent on the concentration of Cryptosporidium under optimized conditions. The biosensor showed a linear detection range between 15 and 153 cells/mm2 and a detection limit of 40 cells/mm2. The label-free capacitive biosensor developed has a great potential for detecting Cryptosporidium in environmental water samples. Furthermore, under optimized conditions, this label-free biosensor can be extended for detection of other biomarkers for biomedical and environmental analyses.

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Nikitin, P. I., B. G. Gorshkov, E. P. Nikitin, and T. I. Ksenevich. "Picoscope, a new label-free biosensor." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 111-112 (November 2005): 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2005.03.043.

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10

Konoplev, Georgii, Darina Agafonova, Liubov Bakhchova, Nikolay Mukhin, Marharyta Kurachkina, Marc-Peter Schmidt, Nikolay Verlov, et al. "Label-Free Physical Techniques and Methodologies for Proteins Detection in Microfluidic Biosensor Structures." Biomedicines 10, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020207.

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Proteins in biological fluids (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid) are important biomarkers of various pathological conditions. Protein biomarkers detection and quantification have been proven to be an indispensable diagnostic tool in clinical practice. There is a growing tendency towards using portable diagnostic biosensor devices for point-of-care (POC) analysis based on microfluidic technology as an alternative to conventional laboratory protein assays. In contrast to universally accepted analytical methods involving protein labeling, label-free approaches often allow the development of biosensors with minimal requirements for sample preparation by omitting expensive labelling reagents. The aim of the present work is to review the variety of physical label-free techniques of protein detection and characterization which are suitable for application in micro-fluidic structures and analyze the technological and material aspects of label-free biosensors that implement these methods. The most widely used optical and impedance spectroscopy techniques: absorption, fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance, Raman scattering, and interferometry, as well as new trends in photonics are reviewed. The challenges of materials selection, surfaces tailoring in microfluidic structures, and enhancement of the sensitivity and miniaturization of biosensor systems are discussed. The review provides an overview for current advances and future trends in microfluidics integrated technologies for label-free protein biomarkers detection and discusses existing challenges and a way towards novel solutions.

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Sierpe, Rodrigo, Marcelo J. Kogan, and Soledad Bollo. "Label-Free Oligonucleotide-Based SPR Biosensor for the Detection of the Gene Mutation Causing Prothrombin-Related Thrombophilia." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 6240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216240.

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Prothrombin-related thrombophilia is a genetic disorder produced by a substitution of a single DNA base pair, replacing guanine with adenine, and is detected mainly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A suitable alternative that could detect the single point mutation without requiring sample amplification is the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. SPR biosensors are of great interest: they offer a platform to monitor biomolecular interactions, are highly selective, and enable rapid analysis in real time. Oligonucleotide-based SPR biosensors can be used to differentiate complementary sequences from partially complementary or noncomplementary strands. In this work, a glass chip covered with an ultrathin (50 nm) gold film was modified with oligonucleotide strands complementary to the mutated or normal (nonmutated) DNA responsible for prothrombin-related thrombophilia, forming two detection platforms called mutated thrombophilia (MT) biosensor and normal thrombophilia (NT) biosensor. The results show that the hybridization response is obtained in 30 min, label free and with high reproducibility. The sensitivity obtained in both systems was approximately 4 ΔμRIU/nM. The dissociation constant and limits of detection calculated were 12.2 nM and 20 pM (3 fmol), respectively, for the MT biosensor, and 8.5 nM and 30 pM (4.5 fmol) for the NT biosensor. The two biosensors selectively recognize their complementary strand (mutated or normal) in buffer solution. In addition, each platform can be reused up to 24 times when the surface is regenerated with HCl. This work contributes to the design of the first SPR biosensor for the detection of prothrombin-related thrombophilia based on oligonucleotides with single point mutations, label-free and without the need to apply an amplification method.

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12

Shi, Ya Min, Guo Guang Rong, Dan Ni Wang, Shu Lin Zhang, and Yong Xin Zhu. "A Label-Free Biosensor Based on Nanoscale Porous Silicon Thin Film for Tuberculosis Detection." Advanced Materials Research 1082 (December 2014): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1082.555.

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Though techniques in medicine develop in a very fast pace, tuberculosis still bothers researchers for its extensive existence. It is urgent to find faster, cheaper and more convenient new ways for diagnosis of tuberculosis. In this paper, we demonstrated a novel serodiagnostic method based on porous silicon thin film. Porous silicon has been proven feasible to function as biosensors in a lot of research. While most serodiagnostic methods are labeled detection, our porous silicon biosensor is a label-free technique. This kind of biosensor is manufactured in a simple way with relatively lower cost while providing an excellent sensitivity and specificity. Through the experiment of LAM antigen and anti-LAM antibody interacting on a porous silicon thin film platform, we proved the feasibility of our new detection approach. Furthermore, we also provided some innovation insights for improving our biosensor which may help it be practically applicable.

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13

Umar, Ahmad, Mazharul Haque, Shafeeque G. Ansari, Hyung-Kee Seo, Ahmed A. Ibrahim, Mohsen A. M. Alhamami, Hassan Algadi, and Zubaida A. Ansari. "Label-Free Myoglobin Biosensor Based on Pure and Copper-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121151.

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In this study, using pure and copper-doped titanium dioxide (Cu-TiO2) nanostructures as the base matrix, enzyme-less label free myoglobin detection to identify acute myocardial infarction was performed and presented. The Cu-TiO2 nanomaterials were prepared using facile sol–gel method. In order to comprehend the morphologies, compositions, structural, optical, and electrochemical characteristics, the pure and Cu-TiO2 nanomaterials were investigated by several techniques which clearly revealed good crystallinity and high purity. To fabricate the enzyme-less label free biosensor, thick films of synthesized nanomaterials were applied to the surface of a pre-fabricated gold screen-printed electrode (Au-SPE), which serves as a working electrode to construct the myoglobin (Mb) biosensors. The interference study of the fabricated biosensor was also carried out with human serum albumin (HSA) and cytochrome c (cyt-c). Interestingly, the Cu-doped TiO2 nanomaterial-based Mb biosensor displayed a higher sensitivity of 61.51 µAcm−2/nM and a lower detection limit of 14 pM with a response time of less than 10 ms.

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Liyanage, Thakshila, Meimei Lai, and Gymama Slaughter. "Label-free tapered optical fiber plasmonic biosensor." Analytica Chimica Acta 1169 (July 2021): 338629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2021.338629.

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15

Dalmay, Claire, Arnaud Pothier, Mathilde Cheray, Fabrice Lalloue, Marie-Odile Jauberteau, and Pierre Blondy. "Label-free RF biosensors for human cell dielectric spectroscopy." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 1, no. 6 (December 2009): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078709990614.

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This paper presents an original biosensor chip allowing determination of intrinsic relative permittivity of biological cells at microwave frequencies. This sensor permits non-invasive cell identification and discrimination using an RF signal to probe intracellular medium of biological samples. Indeed, these sensors use an RF planar resonator that allows detection capabilities on less than 10 cells, thanks to the microscopic size of its sensitive area. Especially, measurements between 15 and 35 GHz show the ability label-free biosensors to differentiate two human cell types using their own electromagnetic characteristics. The real part of permittivity of cells changes from 20 to 48 for the nervous system cell types studied. The proposed biodetection method is detailed and we show how the accuracy and the repeatability of measurements have been improved to reach reproducible measurements.

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Ebrahimi, Aida. "(Invited) Electrochemical Biosensors for Label-Free Bacterial Analysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 53 (July 7, 2022): 2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01532203mtgabs.

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Traditional methods for bacterial detection and analysis are time consuming, labor-demanding, and have limited portability. This presents a significant opportunity for biosensor engineers to develop low-cost devices for bacterial studies. In this talk, I will discuss our recent advances in developing electrochemical biosensing devices for bacterial analysis. The devices enable characterizing cell envelope, metabolic activity, and quorum sensing molecules, and can provide real-time insight into bacterial response to environmental stress, such as drugs. The sensors feature functional materials to achieve specificity and sensitivity for analysis of real samples. Depending on the need, the biosensors are manufactured using a combination of different device fabrication methods, including standard microfabrication, electrodeposition, printing, and laser engraving of plastic and paper. Specifically, owing to compatibility with additive manufacturing and having rich active sites for functionalization, direct laser engraving enables rapid prototyping of low-cost sensors for a wide range of stand-alone diagnostic platforms.

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Aliheidari, Nahal, Nojan Aliahmad, Mangilal Agarwal, and Hamid Dalir. "Electrospun Nanofibers for Label-Free Sensor Applications." Sensors 19, no. 16 (August 17, 2019): 3587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163587.

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Electrospinning is a simple, low-cost and versatile method for fabricating submicron and nano size fibers. Due to their large surface area, high aspect ratio and porous structure, electrospun nanofibers can be employed in wide range of applications. Biomedical, environmental, protective clothing and sensors are just few. The latter has attracted a great deal of attention, because for biosensor application, nanofibers have several advantages over traditional sensors, including a high surface-to-volume ratio and ease of functionalization. This review provides a short overview of several electrospun nanofibers applications, with an emphasis on biosensor applications. With respect to this area, focus is placed on label-free sensors, pertaining to both recent advances and fundamental research. Here, label-free sensor properties of sensitivity, selectivity, and detection are critically evaluated. Current challenges in this area and prospective future work is also discussed.

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18

Sedlackova, Eliska, Zuzana Bytesnikova, Eliska Birgusova, Pavel Svec, Amir M. Ashrafi, Pedro Estrela, and Lukas Richtera. "Label-Free DNA Biosensor Using Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide Platform as a DNA Methylation Assay." Materials 13, no. 21 (November 3, 2020): 4936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214936.

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This work reports the use of modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a platform for a label-free DNA-based electrochemical biosensor as a possible diagnostic tool for a DNA methylation assay. The biosensor sensitivity was enhanced by variously modified rGO. The rGO decorated with three nanoparticles (NPs)—gold (AuNPs), silver (AgNPs), and copper (CuNPs)—was implemented to increase the electrode surface area. Subsequently, the thiolated DNA probe (single-stranded DNA, ssDNA−1) was hybridized with the target DNA sequence (ssDNA-2). After the hybridization, the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was methylated by M.SssI methyltransferase (MTase) and then digested via a HpaII endonuclease specific site sequence of CpG (5′-CCGG-3′) islands. For monitoring the MTase activity, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used, whereas the best results were obtained by rGO-AuNPs. This assay is rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, selective, highly specific, and displays a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 U·mL−1. Lastly, this study was enriched with the real serum sample, where a 0.19 U·mL−1 LOD was achieved. Moreover, the developed biosensor offers excellent potential in future applications in clinical diagnostics, as this approach can be used in the design of other biosensors.

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Frutiger, Andreas, Karl Gatterdam, Yves Blickenstorfer, Andreas Michael Reichmuth, Christof Fattinger, and János Vörös. "Ultra Stable Molecular Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part II. Experimental Demonstration." Sensors 21, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010009.

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Label-free optical biosensors are an invaluable tool for molecular interaction analysis. Over the past 30 years, refractometric biosensors and, in particular, surface plasmon resonance have matured to the de facto standard of this field despite a significant cross reactivity to environmental and experimental noise sources. In this paper, we demonstrate that sensors that apply the spatial affinity lock-in principle (part I) and perform readout by diffraction overcome the drawbacks of established refractometric biosensors. We show this with a direct comparison of the cover refractive index jump sensitivity as well as the surface mass resolution of an unstabilized diffractometric biosensor with a state-of-the-art Biacore 8k. A combined refractometric diffractometric biosensor demonstrates that a refractometric sensor requires a much higher measurement precision than the diffractometric to achieve the same resolution. In a conceptual and quantitative discussion, we elucidate the physical reasons behind and define the figure of merit of diffractometric biosensors. Because low-precision unstabilized diffractometric devices achieve the same resolution as bulky stabilized refractometric sensors, we believe that label-free optical sensors might soon move beyond the drug discovery lab as miniaturized, mass-produced environmental/medical sensors. In fact, combined with the right surface chemistry and recognition element, they might even bring the senses of smell/taste to our smart devices.

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Cunningham, Brian T., Peter Li, Stephen Schulz, Bo Lin, Cheryl Baird, John Gerstenmaier, Christine Genick, Frank Wang, Eric Fine, and Lance Laing. "Label-Free Assays on the BIND System." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 9, no. 6 (September 2004): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057104267604.

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Screening of biochemical interactions becomes simpler, less expensive, and more accurate when labels, such as fluorescent dyes, radioactive markers, and colorimetric reactions, are not required to quantify detected material. SRU Biosystems has developed a biosensor technology that is manufactured on continuous sheets of plastic film and incorporated into standard microplates and microarray slides to enable label-free assays to be performed with high throughput, high sensitivity, and low cost per assay. The biosensor incorporates a narrow band guided-mode resonance reflectance filter, in which the reflected color is modulated by the attachment/detachment of biochemical material to the surface. The technology offers 4 orders of linear dynamic range and uniformity within a plate, with a coefficient of variation of 2.5%. Using conventional biochemical immobilization surface chemistries, a wide range of assay applications are enabled. Small molecule screening, cell proliferation/cytotoxicity, enzyme activity screening, protein-protein interaction, and cell membrane receptor expression are among the applications demonstrated.

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Chiang, Hao-Chun, Yanyan Wang, Qi Zhang, and Kalle Levon. "Optimization of the Electrodeposition of Gold Nanoparticles for the Application of Highly Sensitive, Label-Free Biosensor." Biosensors 9, no. 2 (March 31, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9020050.

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A highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor with a signal amplification platform of electrodeposited gold nanoparticle (AuNP) has been developed and characterized. The sizes of the synthesized AuNP were found to be critical for the performance of biosensor in which the sizes were dependent on HAuCl4 and acid concentrations; as well as on scan cycles and scan rates in the gold electro-reduction step. Systematic investigations of the adsorption of proteins with different sizes from aqueous electrolyte solution onto the electrodeposited AuNP surface were performed with a potentiometric method and calibrated by design of experiment (DOE). The resulting amperometric glucose biosensors was demonstrated to have a low detection limit (> 50 μM) and a wide linear range after optimization with AuNP electrodeposition.

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Sana, Amrita Kumar, Keita Honzawa, Yoshiteru Amemiya, and Shin Yokoyama. "Silicon photonic crystal resonators for label free biosensor." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 55, no. 4S (March 29, 2016): 04EM11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjap.55.04em11.

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Zhuo, Yue, and Brian Cunningham. "Label-Free Biosensor Imaging on Photonic Crystal Surfaces." Sensors 15, no. 9 (August 28, 2015): 21613–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150921613.

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Syahir, Amir. "Label-free photonics biosensor transducing nano-biological events." Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology 2, no. 1 (July 31, 2014): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v2i1.126.

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Studying protein characteristics and their molecular interactions can provide an important route to investigate protein networks in living cell. It can also postulate the functions of newly discovered genes or proteins, thus, hold great value for understanding disease mechanisms9-11 and providing suitable diagnostics for the global-threatening diseases.12,13 To date, works have vastly being done in these areas (proteomics studies) in order to develop a simple noninvasive tests that can indicate disease risk at early stage.14One of the keys that plays important role in these research areas is nanobio-sensor technology. The technology provides analytical tools upon knowing the abundance, and also qualitative characterization of a particular biomolecule. Therefore, the development of biosensor technology is important, and is expected to meet the needs ofanalyzing protein behavior (interactions, activities, etc.) accurately and effectively.

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de Goede, Michiel, Lantian Chang, Jinfeng Mu, Meindert Dijkstra, Raquel Obregón, Elena Martínez, Laura Padilla, Francesc Mitjans, and Sonia M. Garcia-Blanco. "Al2O3:Yb3+ integrated microdisk laser label-free biosensor." Optics Letters 44, no. 24 (December 5, 2019): 5937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.44.005937.

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White, Duncan A., Alexander K. Buell, Christopher M. Dobson, Mark E. Welland, and Tuomas P. J. Knowles. "Biosensor-based label-free assays of amyloid growth." FEBS Letters 583, no. 16 (June 11, 2009): 2587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2009.06.008.

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Viji, S., M. Anbazhagi, N. Ponpandian, D. Mangalaraj, S. Jeyanthi, P. Santhanam, A. Shenbaga Devi, and C. Viswanathan. "Diatom-Based Label-Free Optical Biosensor for Biomolecules." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 174, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 1166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1040-x.

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Bottazzi, Barbara, Lucia Fornasari, Ana Frangolho, Silvia Giudicatti, Alberto Mantovani, Franco Marabelli, Gerardo Marchesini, Paola Pellacani, Rita Therisod, and Andrea Valsesia. "Multiplexed label-free optical biosensor for medical diagnostics." Journal of Biomedical Optics 19, no. 1 (January 27, 2014): 017006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jbo.19.1.017006.

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Feng, Hui, Sheng Bo Sang, Wen Dong Zhang, Gang Li, Peng Wei Li, Jie Hu, Shao Bo Du, and Xiu Juan Wei. "Fundamental Study of the Micro-Cantilever for more Sensitive Surface Stress-Based Biosensor." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.334.

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Surface stress-based biosensors as a crucial part of micro-scale and label-free system, use free energy change, the underlying concept in any binding reaction, have been investigated extensively in recent years. In this paper, a new bi-micro-cantilever surface stress biosensor is proposed which can be used to detect cells. Some fundamental study has been done, especially for the micro-cantilever due to its crucial role in the whole system. To acquiring the optimal material for more sensitive sensor, four material, Si, SiN, AlN, PMMA(polymethylmethacrylate), were contrastively analyzed under the same conditions (loads, size, environmental factor. etc) by finite element (FE) method. This study could provide some foundation for the biosensor design and fabrication.

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Angulo Barrios, Carlos. "An Analysis of a Compact Label-Free Guiding-Wave Biosensor Based on a Semiconductor-Clad Dielectric Strip Waveguide." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 14, 2020): 3368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123368.

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In this paper, a compact, integrated, semiconductor-clad strip waveguide label-free biosensor is proposed and analyzed. The device is based on CMOS-compatible materials such as amorphous-Si and silicon oxynitride. The optical sensor performance has been modeled by a three-dimensional beam propagation method. The simulations indicate that a 20-μm-long device can exhibit a surface limit of detection of 3 ng/cm2 for avidin molecules in aqueous solution. The sensor performance compares well to those displayed by other photonic biosensors with much larger footprints. The fabrication tolerances have been also studied in order to analyze the feasibility of the practical implementation of the biosensor.

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Chiorcea-Paquim, Ana-Maria, and Ana Maria Oliveira-Brett. "DNA Electrochemical Biosensors for In Situ Probing of Pharmaceutical Drug Oxidative DNA Damage." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041125.

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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) electrochemical biosensors are devices that incorporate immobilized DNA as a molecular recognition element on the electrode surface, and enable probing in situ the oxidative DNA damage. A wide range of DNA electrochemical biosensor analytical and biotechnological applications in pharmacology are foreseen, due to their ability to determine in situ and in real-time the DNA interaction mechanisms with pharmaceutical drugs, as well as with their degradation products, redox reaction products, and metabolites, and due to their capacity to achieve quantitative electroanalytical evaluation of the drugs, with high sensitivity, short time of analysis, and low cost. This review presents the design and applications of label-free DNA electrochemical biosensors that use DNA direct electrochemical oxidation to detect oxidative DNA damage. The DNA electrochemical biosensor development, from the viewpoint of electrochemical and atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization, and the bottom-up immobilization of DNA nanostructures at the electrode surface, are described. Applications of DNA electrochemical biosensors that enable the label-free detection of DNA interactions with pharmaceutical compounds, such as acridine derivatives, alkaloids, alkylating agents, alkylphosphocholines, antibiotics, antimetabolites, kinase inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, metal complexes, nucleoside analogs, and phenolic compounds, which can be used in drug analysis and drug discovery, and may lead to future screening systems, are reviewed.

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Zhou, Jiawan, Wenyang Wang, Peng Yu, Erhu Xiong, Xiaohua Zhang, and Jinhua Chen. "A simple label-free electrochemical aptasensor for dopamine detection." RSC Adv. 4, no. 94 (2014): 52250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra08090d.

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Yuhana Ariffin, Eda, Lee Yook Heng, Ling Ling Tan, Nurul Huda Abd Karim, and Siti Aishah Hasbullah. "A Highly Sensitive Impedimetric DNA Biosensor Based on Hollow Silica Microspheres for Label-Free Determination of E. coli." Sensors 20, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051279.

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A novel label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor was constructed for the determination of Escherichia coli bacteria in environmental water samples. The aminated DNA probe was immobilized onto hollow silica microspheres (HSMs) functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and deposited onto a screen-printed electrode (SPE) carbon paste with supported gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The biosensor was optimized for higher specificity and sensitivity. The label-free E. coli DNA biosensor exhibited a dynamic linear response range of 1 × 10−10 µM to 1 × 10−5 µM (R2 = 0.982), with a limit of detection at 1.95 × 10−15 µM, without a redox mediator. The sensitivity of the developed DNA biosensor was comparable to the non-complementary and single-base mismatched DNA. The DNA biosensor demonstrated a stable response up to 21 days of storage at 4 ℃ and pH 7. The DNA biosensor response was regenerable over three successive regeneration and rehybridization cycles.

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Cui, Lin, Meng Wang, Bing Sun, Shiyun Ai, Shaocong Wang, and Chun-yang Zhang. "Substrate-free and label-free electrocatalysis-assisted biosensor for sensitive detection of microRNA in lung cancer cells." Chemical Communications 55, no. 8 (2019): 1172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09688k.

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Chaudhary, Preeti Madhukar, Madhuri Gade, Rina Arad Yellin, Sivakoti Sangabathuni, and Raghavendra Kikkeri. "Targeting label free carbohydrate–protein interactions for biosensor design." Analytical Methods 8, no. 17 (2016): 3410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay00276e.

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In this review, we describe different technologies used for probing molecular interactions and focus on the major discoveries made in the last four years in the field of label free biosensors for carbohydrate–protein interactions.

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Solanki, Pratima R., Saurabh Srivastava, Md Azahar Ali, Rajesh Kr Srivastava, Anchal Srivastava, and B. D. Malhotra. "Reduced graphene oxide–titania based platform for label-free biosensor." RSC Adv. 4, no. 104 (2014): 60386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra09265a.

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Zhang, Wei, Fenghua Li, Yuwei Hu, Shiyu Gan, Dongxue Han, Qixian Zhang, and Li Niu. "Perylene derivative-bridged Au–graphene nanohybrid for label-free HpDNA biosensor." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 20 (2014): 3142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tb21817a.

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Liao, Junchen, Jifeng Ren, Huang Wei, Raymond H. W. Lam, Song Lin Chua, and Bee Luan Khoo. "Label-free biosensor of phagocytosis for diagnosing bacterial infections." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 191 (November 2021): 113412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2021.113412.

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Yang, Shaoming, Wenling Zha, Hong Li, Qing Sun, and Longzhen Zheng. "Study of Label-free Bi-analyte Detection Aptamer Biosensor." Acta Chimica Sinica 71, no. 3 (2013): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/a12110911.

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Berto, Marcello, Chiara Diacci, Lorenz Theuer, Michele Di Lauro, Daniel T. Simon, Magnus Berggren, Fabio Biscarini, Valerio Beni, and Carlo A. Bortolotti. "Label free urea biosensor based on organic electrochemical transistors." Flexible and Printed Electronics 3, no. 2 (June 2018): 024001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/aac8a8.

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Zinoviev, Kirill E., Ana Belén Gonzalez-Guerrero, Carlos Dominguez, and Laura M. Lechuga. "Integrated Bimodal Waveguide Interferometric Biosensor for Label-Free Analysis." Journal of Lightwave Technology 29, no. 13 (July 2011): 1926–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2011.2150734.

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Zhang, Jiao, Xiuxia Su, Dong Yang, and Chonglin Luan. "Label-free liquid crystal biosensor for cecropin B detection." Talanta 186 (August 2018): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.004.

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Li, J., Y. X. Zhou, Y. X. Guo, G. Y. Wang, R. R. J. Maier, D. P. Hand, and W. N. MacPherson. "Label-free ferrule-top optical fiber micro-cantilever biosensor." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 280 (September 2018): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.07.014.

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Mir, M., and I. Katakis. "Towards a fast-responding, label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 381, no. 5 (January 22, 2005): 1033–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2950-1.

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Na, Weidan, Xiaotong Liu, Lei Wang, and Xingguang Su. "Label-free aptamer biosensor for selective detection of thrombin." Analytica Chimica Acta 899 (October 2015): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.051.

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Faria, Henrique Antonio Mendonça, and Valtencir Zucolotto. "Label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor for zika virus identification." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 131 (April 2019): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.018.

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Jakob, Markus H., Bo Dong, Sebastian Gutsch, Claire Chatelle, Abinaya Krishnaraja, Wilfried Weber, and Margit Zacharias. "Label-free SnO2 nanowire FET biosensor for protein detection." Nanotechnology 28, no. 24 (May 25, 2017): 245503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aa7015.

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Mateus, C. F. R., M. C. Y. Huang, P. Li, B. T. Cunningham, and C. J. Chang-Hasnain. "Compact Label-Free Biosensor Using VCSEL-Based Measurement System." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 16, no. 7 (July 2004): 1712–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2004.828851.

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Cui, Lin, Meng Wang, Bing Sun, Shiyun Ai, Shaocong Wang, and Chun-yang Zhang. "Correction: Substrate-free and label-free electrocatalysis-assisted biosensor for sensitive detection of microRNA in lung cancer cells." Chemical Communications 56, no. 13 (2020): 2055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc90028a.

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Liu, Jianjian, Meng Tian, Ruihong Song, Yingxian Li, Zanxia Cao, Qiang Li, Jian Liu, Shicai Xu, and Jihua Wang. "Graphene field effect transistor for ultrasensitive label-free detection of ATP and Adenosine." BIO Web of Conferences 30 (2021): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213002007.

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Because of unique electrical and structural properties, graphene has attracted widespread attention in biosensing applications. In this paper, a single layer of graphene was grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Using graphene as the electric channel, a graphene field effect transistor (G-FET) biosensor was fabricated and used to detect adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine. Compared with traditional methods, the G-FET biosensor has the advantages of higher sensitivity and better stability. The sensor showed high performance and achieved a detection limit down to 0.5 pM for both ATP and adenosine. Moreover, the G-FET biosensor showed an excellent linear electrical response to ATP concentrations in a broad range from 0.5 pM to 50 μM. The developed graphene biosensor has high sensitivity, simple operation, and fast analysis speed, which may provide a new feasible direction to detect ATP and adenosine. Healthy sexually mature male laboratory Wistar rats, weighing 180-200 gr (“FSUE “Nursery of laboratory animals “Rappolovo”) and having been placed under quarantine not less than for 14 days, were selected for the experiment.

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