Academic literature on the topic 'Bioreactors design'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bioreactors design"
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Malhotra, Neeraj. "Bioreactors Design, Types, Influencing Factors and Potential Application in Dentistry. A Literature Review." Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 14, no. 4 (May 23, 2019): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574888x14666190111105504.
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Objectives:A variety of bioreactors and related approaches have been applied to dental tissues as their use has become more essential in the field of regenerative dentistry and dental tissue engineering. The review discusses the various types of bioreactors and their potential application in dentistry.Methods:Review of the literature was conducted using keywords (and MeSH) like Bioreactor, Regenerative Dentistry, Fourth Factor, Stem Cells, etc., from the journals published in English. All the searched abstracts, published in indexed journals were read and reviewed to further refine the list of included articles. Based on the relevance of abstracts pertaining to the manuscript, full-text articles were assessed.Results:Bioreactors provide a prerequisite platform to create, test, and validate the biomaterials and techniques proposed for dental tissue regeneration. Flow perfusion, rotational, spinner-flask, strain and customize-combined bioreactors have been applied for the regeneration of bone, periodontal ligament, gingiva, cementum, oral mucosa, temporomandibular joint and vascular tissues. Customized bioreactors can support cellular/biofilm growth as well as apply cyclic loading. Center of disease control & dip-flow biofilm-reactors and micro-bioreactor have been used to evaluate the biological properties of dental biomaterials, their performance assessment and interaction with biofilms. Few case reports have also applied the concept of in vivo bioreactor for the repair of musculoskeletal defects and used customdesigned bioreactor (Aastrom) to repair the defects of cleft-palate.Conclusions:Bioreactors provide a sterile simulated environment to support cellular differentiation for oro-dental regenerative applications. Also, bioreactors like, customized bioreactors for cyclic loading, biofilm reactors (CDC & drip-flow), and micro-bioreactor, can assess biological responses of dental biomaterials by simultaneously supporting cellular or biofilm growth and application of cyclic stresses.
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Kırdök, Onur, Berker Çetintaş, Asena Atay, İrem Kale, Tutku Didem Akyol Altun, and Elif Esin Hameş. "A Modular Chain Bioreactor Design for Fungal Productions." Biomimetics 7, no. 4 (October 27, 2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7040179.
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Plastic bag bioreactors are single-use bioreactors, frequently used in solid culture fermentation. This study developed plastic bag bioreactors with more effective aeration conditions and particular connection elements that yield sensors, environmental control, and modular connectivity. This bioreactor system integrates the bags in a chain that circulates air and moisture through filtered connections. Within the present scope, this study also aimed to reveal that cultures in different plastic bags can be produced without affecting each other. In this direction, biomass production in the modular chain bioreactor (MCB) system developed in this study was compared to traditional bag systems. In addition, contamination experiments were carried out between the bags in the system, and it was observed that the filters in the developed system did not affect the microorganisms in different bags.
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Christianson, Laura E., Richard A. Cooke, Christopher H. Hay, Matthew J. Helmers, Gary W. Feyereisen, Andry Z. Ranaivoson, John T. McMaine, et al. "Effectiveness of Denitrifying Bioreactors on Water Pollutant Reduction from Agricultural Areas." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 2 (2021): 641–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14011.
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HighlightsDenitrifying woodchip bioreactors treat nitrate-N in a variety of applications and geographies.This review focuses on subsurface drainage bioreactors and bed-style designs (including in-ditch).Monitoring and reporting recommendations are provided to advance bioreactor science and engineering.Abstract. Denitrifying bioreactors enhance the natural process of denitrification in a practical way to treat nitrate-nitrogen (N) in a variety of N-laden water matrices. The design and construction of bioreactors for treatment of subsurface drainage in the U.S. is guided by USDA-NRCS Conservation Practice Standard 605. This review consolidates the state of the science for denitrifying bioreactors using case studies from across the globe with an emphasis on full-size bioreactor nitrate-N removal and cost-effectiveness. The focus is on bed-style bioreactors (including in-ditch modifications), although there is mention of denitrifying walls, which broaden the applicability of bioreactor technology in some areas. Subsurface drainage denitrifying bioreactors have been assessed as removing 20% to 40% of annual nitrate-N loss in the Midwest, and an evaluation across the peer-reviewed literature published over the past three years showed that bioreactors around the world have been generally consistent with that (N load reduction median: 46%; mean ±SD: 40% ±26%; n = 15). Reported N removal rates were on the order of 5.1 g N m-3 d-1 (median; mean ±SD: 7.2 ±9.6 g N m-3 d-1; n = 27). Subsurface drainage bioreactor installation costs have ranged from less than $5,000 to $27,000, with estimated cost efficiencies ranging from less than $2.50 kg-1 N year-1 to roughly $20 kg-1 N year-1 (although they can be as high as $48 kg-1 N year-1). A suggested monitoring setup is described primarily for the context of conservation practitioners and watershed groups for assessing annual nitrate-N load removal performance of subsurface drainage denitrifying bioreactors. Recommended minimum reporting measures for assessing and comparing annual N removal performance include: bioreactor dimensions and installation date; fill media size, porosity, and type; nitrate-N concentrations and water temperatures; bioreactor flow treatment details; basic drainage system and bioreactor design characteristics; and N removal rate and efficiency. Keywords: Groundwater, Nitrate, Nonpoint-source pollution, Subsurface drainage, Tile.
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Catapano, Gerardo, Juliane K. Unger, Elisabetta M. Zanetti, Gionata Fragomeni, and Jörg C. Gerlach. "Kinetic Analysis of Lidocaine Elimination by Pig Liver Cells Cultured in 3D Multi-Compartment Hollow Fiber Membrane Network Perfusion Bioreactors." Bioengineering 8, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8080104.
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Liver cells cultured in 3D bioreactors is an interesting option for temporary extracorporeal liver support in the treatment of acute liver failure and for animal models for preclinical drug screening. Bioreactor capacity to eliminate drugs is generally used for assessing cell metabolic competence in different bioreactors or to scale-up bioreactor design and performance for clinical or preclinical applications. However, drug adsorption and physical transport often disguise the intrinsic drug biotransformation kinetics and cell metabolic state. In this study, we characterized the intrinsic kinetics of lidocaine elimination and adsorption by porcine liver cells cultured in 3D four-compartment hollow fiber membrane network perfusion bioreactors. Models of lidocaine transport and biotransformation were used to extract intrinsic kinetic information from response to lidocaine bolus of bioreactor versus adhesion cultures. Different from 2D adhesion cultures, cells in the bioreactors are organized in liver-like aggregates. Adsorption on bioreactor constituents significantly affected lidocaine elimination and was effectively accounted for in kinetic analysis. Lidocaine elimination and cellular monoethylglicinexylidide biotransformation featured first-order kinetics with near-to-in vivo cell-specific capacity that was retained for times suitable for clinical assist and drug screening. Different from 2D cultures, cells in the 3D bioreactors challenged with lidocaine were exposed to close-to-physiological lidocaine and monoethylglicinexylidide concentration profiles. Kinetic analysis suggests bioreactor technology feasibility for preclinical drug screening and patient assist and that drug adsorption should be accounted for to assess cell state in different cultures and when laboratory bioreactor design and performance is scaled-up to clinical use or toxicological drug screening.
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Grün, Christoph, Brigitte Altmann, and Eric Gottwald. "Advanced 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Micro-Bioreactors, Part I: A Systematic Analysis of the Literature Published between 2000 and 2020." Processes 8, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121656.
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Bioreactors have proven useful for a vast amount of applications. Besides classical large-scale bioreactors and fermenters for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, micro-bioreactors, as specialized bioreactor systems, have become an invaluable tool for mammalian 3D cell cultures. In this systematic review we analyze the literature in the field of eukaryotic 3D cell culture in micro-bioreactors within the last 20 years. For this, we define complexity levels with regard to the cellular 3D microenvironment concerning cell–matrix-contact, cell–cell-contact and the number of different cell types present at the same time. Moreover, we examine the data with regard to the micro-bioreactor design including mode of cell stimulation/nutrient supply and materials used for the micro-bioreactors, the corresponding 3D cell culture techniques and the related cellular microenvironment, the cell types and in vitro models used. As a data source we used the National Library of Medicine and analyzed the studies published from 2000 to 2020.
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Vanags, J., and A. Suleiko. "Oxygen Mass Transfer Coefficient Application in Characterisation of Bioreactors and Fermentation Processes." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 59, no. 5 (October 1, 2022): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2022-0038.
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Abstract This review article covers the topics of evaluation and experimental determination of oxygen mass transfer coefficients (kLa) for their application in characterising bioreactors and fermentations processes. The article provides a comparison of different experimental approaches for determining kLa in bioreactors. Additionally, the influence of bioreactor design and fermentation parameters on kLa is discussed. The aim of the article is to provide useful information regarding the approaches for selecting bioreactors and their working regimes to achieve optimal fermentation results.
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Hartfiel, Lindsey M., Michelle L. Soupir, and Kurt A. Rosentrater. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Constant-Flow Woodchip Bioreactors." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 5 (2021): 1545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14300.
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HighlightsTechno-economic analysis was performed for multiple scales of bioreactors operated under a variety of conditions.The unit cost decreased as the bioreactor size increased.The unit cost increased in bioreactors with longer HRTs and bypass flow due to reduced treatment capacity.One large bioreactor was more cost-effective than multiple smaller bioreactors.Abstract. Woodchip denitrification bioreactors are a relatively new, edge-of-field technology used to reduce nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) from subsurface tile drainage. The removal rate of nitrate is influenced by many factors, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, and hydraulic residence time (HRT). The objective of this study was to conduct a techno-economic analysis (TEA) for four scales of woodchip denitrification bioreactors operating at three HRTs (2, 8, and 16 h), designed with bypass flow or with a low probability of bypass flow, to determine the cost to remove 1 kg of NO3-N at each bioreactor scale and at each HRT. Several assumptions were made: the flow rate required to achieve a 2 h HRT on a per m3 basis could be achieved at all scales, the same mass removal of NO3-N was achieved on a per cubic meter basis, and the 2 h HRT did not have any bypass flow at each scale. With these assumptions, the lowest unit cost was observed for the large-scale bioreactor sized to have a low probability of bypass flow at 16 h HRT, with a resulting cost of $0.74 kg-1 NO3-N removed. The highest unit cost was observed for the pilot-scale bioreactor designed with bypass flow to achieve a 16 h HRT at a cost of $60.13 kg-1 NO3-N removed. At longer HRTs with bypass flow, a greater percent removal of nitrate has been observed with a lower mass removal rate. By having a low probability of bypass flow in the design, a higher mass removal and percent removal of nitrate were observed, leading to the above results. Contrasting this trend, the total and annual costs were highest for the large-scale bioreactor and lowest for the pilot-scale bioreactor. However, it was determined that 783%, 280%, and 54% increases in total cost for the pilot-, small-, and medium-scale bioreactors would be incurred to implement the number of bioreactors (66, 24, and 4, respectively) required to treat the same volume of flow as one large bioreactor. These results can be used to inform future design decisions and inform stakeholders of the approximate unit cost of installing a denitrifying woodchip bioreactor over a range of expected field conditions. While a larger bioreactor with a low probability of bypass flow may represent a more cost-effective investment, the potential for unintended, negative byproducts needs to be considered in the design. Keywords: Denitrification, Nitrate, Tile drainage, Water quality, Woodchip bioreactor.
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Sirirak, Khanoksinee, Sorawit Powtongsook, Sudarat Suanjit, and Somtawin Jaritkhuan. "Effectiveness of various bioreactors for thraustochytrid culture and production (Aurantiochytruim limacinum BUCHAXM 122)." PeerJ 9 (May 27, 2021): e11405. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11405.
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This study aimed to develop bioreactors for cultivation of thraustochytrid, Aurantiochytrium limacinum BUCHAXM 122, that are low in cost and simple to operate. Obtaining maximum biomass and fatty acid production was a prerequisite. Three bioreactor designs were used: stirred tank bioreactor (STB), bubble bioreactor (BB) and internal loop airlift bioreactor (ILAB). The bioreactors were evaluated for their influence on oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa), using various spargers, mixing speed, and aeration rates. Biomass and DHA production from STB, BB, ILAB were then compared with an incubator shaker, using batch culture experiments. Results showed that a bundle of eight super-fine pore air stones was the best type of aeration sparger for all three bioreactors. Optimal culture conditions in STB were 600 rpm agitation speed and 2 vvm aeration rate, while 2 vvm and 1.5 vvm aeration provided highest biomass productivity in BB and ILAB, respectively. Antifoam agent was needed for all reactor types in order to reduce excessive foaming. Results indicated that with optimized conditions, these bioreactors are capable of thraustochytrid cultivation with a similar efficiency as cultivation using a rotary shaker. STB had the highest kLa and provided the highest biomass of 43.05 ± 0.35 g/L at 48 h. BB was simple in design, had low operating costs and was easy to build, but yielded the lowest biomass (27.50 ± 1.56 g/L). ILAB, on the other hand, had lower kLa than STB, but provided highest fatty acid productivity, of 35.36 ± 2.51% TFA.
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Catapano, Gerardo, Gionata Fragomeni, Giuseppe Falvo D’Urso Labate, Luigi De Napoli, Vincenza Barbato, Maddalena Di Nardo, Valentina Costanzo, Teresa Capriglione, Roberto Gualtieri, and Riccardo Talevi. "Do Bioreactor Designs with More Efficient Oxygen Supply to Ovarian Cortical Tissue Fragments Enhance Follicle Viability and Growth In Vitro?" Processes 7, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7070450.
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Background: Autotransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue is currently the main option to preserve fertility for cancer patients. To avoid cancer cell reintroduction at transplantation, a multi-step culture system has been proposed to obtain fully competent oocytes for in vitro fertilization. Current in vitro systems are limited by the low number and health of secondary follicles produced during the first step culture of ovarian tissue fragments. To overcome such limitations, bioreactor designs have been proposed to enhance oxygen supply to the tissue, with inconsistent results. This retrospective study investigates, on theoretical grounds, whether the lack of a rational design of the proposed bioreactors prevented the full exploitation of follicle growth potential. Methods: Models describing oxygen transport in bioreactors and tissue were developed and used to predict oxygen availability inside ovarian tissue in the pertinent literature. Results: The proposed theoretical analysis suggests that a successful outcome is associated with enhanced oxygen availability in the cultured tissue in the considered bioreactor designs. This suggests that a rational approach to bioreactor design for ovarian tissue culture in vitro may help exploit tissue potential to support follicle growth.
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Zaburko, J., G. Łagód, M. K. Widomski, J. Szulżyk-Cieplak, B. Szeląg, and R. Babko. "Modeling and optimizations of mixing and aeration processes in bioreactors with activated sludge." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2130, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2130/1/012027.
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Abstract Mixing aimed at homogenization of the volume of bioreactors with the activated sludge is of great importance for the proper course of the wastewater treatment process. It affects both the efficiency of pollutants removal and the properties of the activated sludge related to its sedimentation. The mixing process in bioreactors can be carried out in different ways. In batch bioreactors in the aeration phase or flow bioreactors in aerobic chambers, mixing is carried out through aeration systems. These systems should aerate the activated sludge flocs for efficient biological treating of wastewater, as well as effectively homogenize the volume of the bioreactor. Hence, it is important to choose such a design of the aeration system and its operation settings that provide the amount of air ensuring the exact amount of oxygen for the implementation of technological processes, counteract sedimentation of sludge at the bottom of the reactor, are reliable as well as economical in operation (demand of electric energy). The paper presents the model studies aimed at optimization of the design and settings of aeration and mixing systems used in active sludge bioreactors.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bioreactors design"
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Ntwampe, Seteno Karabo Obed. "Multicapillary membrane bioreactor design." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/897.
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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005The white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, produces enzymes, which are capable of degrading chemical pollutants. It was detennined that this fungus has multiple growth phases. The study provided infonnation that can be used to classify growth kinetic parameters, substrate mass transfer and liquid medium momentum transfer effects in continuous secondary metabolite production studies. P. chrysosporium strain BKMF 1767 (ATCC 24725) was grown at 37 QC in single fibre capillary membrane bioreactors (SFCMBR) made of glass. The SFCMBR systems with working volumes of 20.4 ml and active membrane length of 160 mm were positioned vertically. Dry biofilm density was determined by using a helium pycnometer. Biofilm differentiation was detennined by taking samples for image analysis, using a Scanning Electron Microscope at various phases of the biofilm growth. Substrate consumption was detennined by using relevant test kits to quantify the amount, which was consumed at different times, using a varying amount of spore concentrations. Growth kinetic constants were detennined by using the substrate consumption and the dry biofilm density model. Oxygen mass transfer parameters were determined by using the Clark type oxygen microsensors. Pressure transducers were used to measure the pressure, which was needed to model the liquid medium momentum transfer in the lumen of the polysulphone membranes. An attempt was made to measure the glucose mass transfer across the biofilm, which was made by using a hydrogen peroxide microsensor, but without success.
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Miller, Stanley David 1960. "Mass separation techniques for the design of fixed film bioreactors." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276846.
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Dissolved organics in wastewater samples were separated into three size fractions (0-1,000 amu, 1,000-10,000 amu, and 10,000 amu-0.22 m) using ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. The mass distribution within each fraction was adjusted by using a new permeation coefficient model to account for membrane rejection. Dissolved organic and soluble BOD (sBOD) removals in a trickling filter were studied for the different size fractions. The Logan trickling filter model was recalibrated and used to generate predicted removals by size fraction of sBOD, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and biodegradable DOC (bDOC) for a given influent. Although there was moderate agreement between observed and predicted removals, more investigation is needed to explain shifts in material between different size fractions. Of the three parameters, bDOC may offer a better parameter for modelling trickling filter performance than sBOD.
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CAPUANA, Elisa. "Design of perfusion bioreactors and PLLA-based scaffolds for in vitro tissue engineering." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/10447/562180.
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L'ingegneria tissutale rappresenta un nuovo approccio che integra cellule e matrici ingegnerizzate per la formazione di nuovi tessuti. In questa strategia, tre componenti essenziali costituiscono la cosiddetta triade della Tissue Engineering: segnali regolatori, cellule e scaffold tridimensionali (3D) biodegradabili e porosi. Tali elementi sono combinati per sviluppare un tessuto funzionale organizzato e 3D che simula la matrice extracellulare (ECM) del tessuto da rigenerare. Le funzioni specifiche dei tessuti nativi sono correlate agli ambienti complessi che, all'esterno del corpo, possono essere imitati usando degli strumenti chiamati bioreattori. Questi sistemi forniscono un ambiente in cui i parametri specifici possono essere controllati per raggiungere le condizioni biologiche desiderate. In questa tesi, tutti questi componenti sono stati impiegati per lo sviluppo di modelli in vitro in diverse applicazioni dell'ingegneria tissutale. In particolare, sono stati analizzati e discussi i temi relativi a: scaffold a base di poli-(acido L-lattico) (PLLA), fabbricazione di scaffold tramite separazione di fase, colture cellulari statiche e colture cellulari dinamiche utilizzando bioreattori di perfusione. Due sezioni principali compongono questa tesi: diverse configurazioni sperimentali che utilizzano scaffold a base di PLLA per vari sistemi in vitro; e la progettazione e la modellazione di un bioreattore di perfusione utilizzando fluidodinamica computazionale (CFD) ed equazioni matematiche. In primis, un rigoroso quadro teorico è stato investigato per studiare le proprietà del biomateriale PLLA, l'uso di bioreattori a perfusione per la medicina rigenerativa e i modelli sviluppati per studiare la crescita delle cellule su matrici 3D coltivate all'interno di un sistema dinamico. Negli esperimenti, la morfologia di diversi scaffold in PLLA prodotti attraverso vari protocolli della tecnica di separazione di fase indotta termicamente (TIPS) è stata analizzata in base alle proprietà desiderate per scaffold adatti agli scopi dell’ingegneria tissutale, in termini di porosità, interconnessione dei pori e dimensione dei pori. Le colture cellulari sono state eseguite in questi costrutti per creare un ambiente 3D in modo che le cellule seminate potessero crescere sia in coltura statica 3D che nel bioreattore a perfusione. La proliferazione e l'adesione delle cellule sono state osservate fino a 7 giorni di coltura in vitro, dimostrando che la morfologia degli scaffold può indurre la crescita delle cellule sia in condizioni statiche che dinamiche. Per la seconda parte, si è seguito un approccio combinato di modellazione e sperimentazione. Il sistema di perfusione usato è un bioreattore airlift (precedentemente progettato dal mio gruppo di ricerca) che fornisce un ambiente a basso sforzo di taglio e una buona miscelazione, risolvendo i limiti del trasporto di massa e fornendo stimoli fisici
Sommario
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vantaggiosi per la proliferazione e la differenziazione delle cellule. L'idrodinamica (gas holdup, velocità superficiale del liquido e sforzo di taglio) e il trasferimento di massa (in termini di coefficiente di trasferimento di massa) sono stati modellati e determinati da analisi CFD per esaminare l'influenza di questi parametri sulla crescita delle cellule e dei tessuti. I risultati della simulazione hanno indicato che l'idrodinamica, i dati matematici e la validazione sperimentale erano in linea tra di loro. In seguito, cellule osteoblastiche sono state coltivate su scaffold posti su un supporto all’interno del bioreattore perfuso con terreno di coltura a 10ml/ min per un massimo di 6 giorni. Combinando i risultati della proliferazione e l'analisi statistica, è stata quantificata e analizzata la crescita cellulare in funzione dello spazio all'interno del sistema bioreattore. Data la natura gerarchica del sistema bioreattore-scaffold, tale sistema è stato considerato dalla scala della matrice extracellulare alla scala del bioreattore. Le proprietà dipendenti dal flusso di una matrice ingegnerizzata e coltivata all'interno di un bioreattore a perfusione sono state studiate teoricamente e valutate sperimentalmente, sottolineando l'influenza delle dipendenze inter-scala.
I bioreattori a perfusione sono sistemi in vitro utili per testare famaci poiché imitano l'ambiente in vivo. A questo scopo, è stato modellato e validato sperimentalmente un sistema ottimizzato del bioreattore airlift in grado di indurre un doppio flusso su uno scaffold fabbricato con un canale al suo interno. In particolare, il sistema è stato testato per la diffusione di carriers e per simulare un sistema aria-liquido-interfaccia (ALI) tale da riprodurre l'ambiente della mucosa nasale. Il razionale di tale sistema è il potenziale legato alla combinazione di un flusso interno ed uno esterno di fluidi indipendenti al fine di diffondere i carriers in tutta la matrice ingegnerizzata per pre-screening di farmaci o reindirizzare il mezzo di coltura nel canale dello scaffold per alimentare le cellule seminate. In conclusione, questo progetto di tesi si è concentrato sui principali aspetti dell'ingegneria tissutale e della medicina rigenerativa, spaziando da test in vitro per la crescita delle cellule su scaffold, a modelli per studiare sia le caratteristiche multi-scala di un sistema atto a replicare un tessuto sia l'efficacia della fluidodinamica di un sistema nuovo destinato a validare test farmacologici o mimare al meglio la fisiologia di un tessuto.Tissue engineering (TE) represents a novel approach that uses cells integrated with matrices to achieve the formation of new tissues. In this strategy, three essential components constitute the so-called triad of Tissue Engineering: regulatory signals, cells, and three-dimensional (3D) biodegradable porous scaffolds. They are combined to develop an organized 3D functional tissue that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissue to be regenerated. The tissue-specific functions of native tissues are linked to complex environments that can be replicated outside the body by using special devices called bioreactors. These systems provide an environment where specific parameters can be controlled to match desired biological conditions. In this thesis, all these components are accounted for developing in vitro models for various applications in the field of Tissue Engineering. Specifically, poly-(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)-based scaffold, scaffold fabrication via phase separation, static cell cultures, and dynamic cell cultures using perfusion bioreactors are analyzed and discussed. Two main sections compose this thesis: several experimental setups using PLLA-based scaffolds for various in vitro systems; and the design and modeling of a custom perfusion bioreactor using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and mathematical equations. A rigorous theoretical framework is developed to study the properties of PLLA biomaterial, the use of perfusion bioreactor for regenerative medicine, and models developed for investigating cells growth on 3D matrices cultured within a dynamic system. In the experiments, the morphology of different PLLA scaffolds produced through different protocols of the thermally induced phase separation technique (TIPS) is analyzed according to the targeted properties of TE scaffolds, i.e., porosity, pore interconnectivity, and pore size. Cell cultures are performed in these constructs to create a 3D environment so that seeded cells can grow both in static 3D culture and the perfusion bioreactor. Cell proliferation and adhesion are observed up to 7 days of in vitro culture, demonstrating that scaffold morphology can induce cell growth under both static and dynamic conditions. For the second part, a combined modeling and experimental approach is followed. The custom-made perfusion apparatus is an existing airlift bioreactor that provides a low-shear environment with good mixing, resolving mass transport limitations and providing physical stimuli beneficial for overall cells proliferation and differentiation. The hydrodynamics (gas holdup, superficial liquid velocity, and shear rate) and mass transfer (kLa and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient) are modeled and determined by CFD to examine the influence of Abstract iii these features on cell and tissue growth. The simulation results indicate that the hydrodynamics matched the mathematical data and experimental validation. Then, osteoblast cells are cultured on a support in the bioreactor perfused with culture medium at 10mL/min for up to 6 days. An evaluation combining proliferation results and statistical analysis allows the quantification of cell growth as a function of the space inside the system. Given the hierarchical nature of the bioreactor-scaffold system, its multi-scale nature will be considered, ranging from the extracellular matrix scale to the bioreactor scale. The flow-dependent properties of an engineered matrix cultured within a perfusion bioreactor are studied theoretically and evaluated experimentally, emphasizing the influence of inter-scale dependencies. Perfusion bioreactors are in vitro systems beneficial for drug screening because they mimic the in vivo environment. For this purpose, an optimized design of the airlift bioreactor that can induce a double-flow on a hollow scaffold is theoretically and experimentally validated. Specifically, the system is tested for carriers diffusion and air-liquid-interface (ALI) model to reproduce the nasal mucosa environment. The rationale is to combine an internal and an external flow of independent fluids for either diffusing the carriers throughout the engineered matrix for drug prescreening or redirecting the culture medium to feed the cells seeded into the channel of the hollow scaffold. In conclusion, this thesis project focuses on the major aspects of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, varying from in vitro tests for growing cells on scaffolds toward models to study the multi-scale nature of a tissue-like system or recreate the physiology of a native tissue.
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Phelan, Michael. "THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND VALIDATION OF NOVEL ROTATING WALL VESSEL BIOREACTORS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/488702.
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BioengineeringM.S.
The rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor is a well-established cell culture device for the simulation of microgravity for suspension cells and the generation of spheroids and organoids. The key to the success of these systems is the generation of a delicately maintained fluid dynamics system which induces a solid body rotation capable of suspending cells and other particles in a gentle, low-shear environment. Despite the unique capabilities of these systems, the inherently delicate nature of their fluid dynamics makes the RWV prone to multiple failure modes. One of the most frequently occurring, difficult to avoid, and deleterious modes of failure is the formation of bubbles. The appearance of even a small bubble in an RWV disrupts the crucial laminar flow shells present in the RWV, inducing a high-shear environment incapable of maintaining microgravity or producing true spheroids. The difficulty of eliminating bubbles from the RWV substantially increases the learning curve and subsequent barrier-to-entry for the use of this technology. The objective of this study is to create a novel RWV design capable of eliminating the bubble formation failure mode and to demonstrate the design’s efficacy. The tested hypothesis is: “The addition of a channel capable of segregating bubbles from the fluid body of the RWV will protect its crucial fluid dynamics system while enabling the growth of consistently sized and properly formed cell spheroids, improving ease of use of the RWV and decreasing experimental failure.”
Temple University--Theses
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Williams, Chrysanthi. "Perfusion bioreactor for tissue-engineered blood vessels." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131410/unrestricted/williams%5Fchrysantyhi%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.
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Hanna, Molin. "Optimal steady-state design of bioreactors in series with Monod growth kinetics." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-338760.
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Bioreactors are used to carry out bioprocesses and are commonly used in e.g. biogas production and wastewater treatment. Two common hydraulic models of bioreactors are the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and the plug-flow reactor (PFR). In this paper, a differential equation system that describes the substrate, biomass and inert biomass in the bioreactors is presented. It is used in a steady-state analysis and design of CSTRs in series. Monod kinetics were used to describe the specific growth rate and the decay of biomass was included. Using the derived systems of differential equations, two optimization problems were formulated and solved for both CSTRs in series and for a CSTR+PFR. The first optimization problem was to minimize the effluent substrate level given a total volume, and the second was to minimize the total volume needed to obtain a certain substrate conversion. Results show that the system of differential equations presented can be used to find optimal volume distributions that solves the optimization problems. The optimal volume for N CSTRs in series decreases as N increases, converging towards a configuration of a CSTR followed by a PFR. Analyzing how the decay rate affects the results showed that when the total volume was kept constant, increasing the decay rate caused less difference between the configurations. When the total volume was minimized, increasing the decay rate caused the configurations to diverge from each other. The presented model can be used to optimally divide reactors into smaller zones and thereby increasing the substrate conversion, something that could be of interest in e.g. existing wastewater treatment plants with restricted space. A fairly accurate approximation to the optimal design of N CSTRs in series is to use the optimal volume for the CSTR in the configuration with a CSTR+PFR and equally distribute the remaining volumes.Bioreaktorer används för att utföra olika biologiska processer och används vanligen inom biogasproduktion eller för rening av avloppsvatten. Två vanliga hydrauliska modeller som används vid modellering av bioreaktorer är helomblandad bioreaktor (på engelska continuous stirred tank reactor, CSTR) eller pluggflödesreaktor (på engelska plug-flow reactor, PFR). I den här rapporten presenteras ett system av differentialekvationer som används för att beskriva koncentrationerna av substrat, biomassa och inert biomassa i både CSTR och PFR. Ekvationssystemet används för analys och design av en serie CSTRs vid steady-state. Tillväxten av biomassa beskrivs av Monod-kinetik. Avdödning av biomassa är inkluderat i studien. Från ekvationssystemet formulerades två optimeringsproblem som löstes för N CSTRs i serie och för CSTR+PFR. Det första optimerinsproblemet var att minimera substrathalten i utflödet givet en total volym. I det andra minimerades den totala volymen som krävs för att nå en viss substrathalt i utflödet. Resultaten visade att ekvationssystemet kan användas för att hitta den optimala volymsfördelningen som löser optimeringsproblemen. Den optimala volymen för N CSTRs i serie minskade när antalet CSTRs ökade. När N ökade konvergerade resultaten mot de för en CSTR sammankopplad med en PFR. En analys av hur avdödningshastigheten påverkade resultaten visade att en ökad avdödningshastighet gav mindre skillnad mellan de två olika konfigurationerna när den totala volymen hölls konstant. När den totala volymen istället minimerades ledde en ökad avdödningshastighet till att de två konfigurationerna divergerade från varandra. Modellen som presenteras i studien kan användas för att fördela en total reaktorvolym i mindre zoner på ett optimalt sätt och på så vis öka substratomvandlingen, något som kan vara av intresse i exempelvis befintliga avloppsreningsverk där utrymmet är begränsat. En relativt bra approximation till den optimala designen av N CSTRs i serie är att optimera volymerna för en CSTR+PFR, använda volymen för CSTR som första volym i konfigurationen med N CSTR i serie, och sedan fördela den kvarvarande volymen lika mellan de övriga zonerna.
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Betts, Jonathan Ian. "The design and characterisation of miniature bioreactors for microbial fermentation process development." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445372/.
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This thesis focuses on the design and characterisation of miniature bioreactors and evaluates their potential as a scale-down device for microbial cultivation processes. Miniature bioreactors, such as the one detailed in this work, have been developed by many research groups and companies, and seek to increase throughput at the early stages of bioprocess development. Power input was measured in two prototype stirred-tank miniature bioreactors (10 ml and 25 ml) as a function of impeller speed and the vessels were characterised alongside a 7 L bioreactor. The results show that both miniature bioreactors used in this study were able to be characterised using the same methods developed for larger vessels and that the key engineering parameters of volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient and mixing time compared favourably with those of a conventionally-sized bioreactor when expressed as a function of specific power input. An Escherichia coli plasmid DNA cultivation was successfully scaled down to the 10 ml miniature bioreactor from a 7 L bioreactor on the basis of equal specific power input, and demonstrated equivalent performance under oxygen-rich and oxygen- limited conditions. An intermittently-fed process to produce a Fab' antibody fragment using E. coli and a batch cultivation of the filamentous bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea producing erythromycin were also evaluated in the 25 ml miniature bioreactor and three other small scale cell cultivation devices (i.e. microtitre plate, miniature bubble column reactor and shake flasks). Their relative performances in terms of growth and product formation were related to that of the 7 L bioreactor. The results obtained demonstrated the ability of the 25 ml miniature stirred tank bioreactor to perform both of these technically-demanding, industrially-relevant bioprocesses to a comparable degree as the 7 L vessel that was not achievable using the other miniature devices tested. The results shown in this thesis highlight the potential of miniature bioreactors to be used to deliver a fully-integrated, high-throughput solution for cell cultivation process development.
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Morello, Luca. "Sustainable landfilling: hybrid bioreactors and final storage quality." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424792.
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Modern landfilling constitutes an unavoidable final step in solid waste management. It aims to close the “Material Cycle” bringing elements back to the non-mobile state they were in before their extraction. At the same time, the application of Sustainability Principle to landfills prescribes to guarantee environmental protection and health safety, ensuring that the disposed waste will be chemically and biochemically stable within a reasonable amount of time. A “Sustainable Landfill” must combine these two fundamental purposes, balancing the efforts to obtain a “sustainable closure of material loop”.
The enhancement of biochemical processes in a landfill, with the purpose of reaching faster environmentally safe conditions and terminate the post closure care, is one of the main debated topics in waste management scientific literature. The general aim of the PhD project was giving a contribution to this debate through the lab-scale testing of systems able to simulate landfills behaviour and the analysis of the long-term expectable chemical status of waste undergone to sustainable landfilling.
The first part of the work is an overview on the basic biochemical processes in landfills and on the laboratory-scale landfill simulation tests. The approach used by the PhD student is mainly experimental, starting from the design and the management of several laboratory-scale landfill simulation tests. The elaboration of the obtained data was useful for evaluating the performances of the tested bioreactor concepts as well as for comparing the results to other scientific data derived from a thorough bibliographic research. The original work produced by the student can be subdivided in three different arguments.
The Semi-aerobic, Anaerobic, Aerated (S.An.A. ®) hybrid bioreactor is an innovative landfill concept, lab-scale run with promising results concerning the enhancement of methane production and the reduction of the long-term emissions.
The effects of the recirculation of reverse osmosis leachate concentrate inside the landfill have been analysed to check if the potential accumulation of contaminants in waste body can turn this practice unsustainable.
The Final Storage Quality (FSQ) procedure, for endorsing the landfill Post Closure Care termination, was tested on an over-stabilized waste of which total emissions and chemical speciation of main elements were calculated.Il moderno sistema di deposito finale dei rifiuti in discarica costituisce un passaggio inevitabile nella gestione dei rifiuti solidi. Il suo scopo è chiudere il “ciclo della materia” riportando gli elementi allo stato di immobilità in cui erano prima di essere estratti. Contemporaneamente, l’applicazione del principio di sostenibilità alle discariche prescrive di garantire la salvaguardia ambientale e della salute, assicurando che il rifiuto smaltito diventi chimicamente e bio-chimicamente stabile entro un tempo “ragionevole”. Una “Discarica Sostenibile” deve combinare questi due principi, bilanciando i contributi per ottenere una “chiusura sostenibile del ciclo della materia”. Il potenziamento dei processi biochimici in discarica, con lo scopo di raggiungere più velocemente condizioni che garantiscano la salvaguardia ambientale e terminare la fase di post-chiusura, è uno degli argomenti più dibattuti nella letteratura scientifica inerente alla gestione dei rifiuti. Lo scopo generale del progetto di dottorato è stato contribuire a questo dibattito, mediante lo svolgimento di test in scala di laboratorio utili a simulare l’andamento dei processi in discarica e analizzando lo stato biochimico finale dei rifiuti trattati. La prima parte del lavoro consiste in una panoramica sui processi biochimici in discarica e sulla metodica dei test biochimici in scala di laboratorio. L’approccio usato dallo studente in questa tesi è principalmente sperimentale, basato sulla progettazione, l’esecuzione e la rielaborazione dei dati di svariate simulazioni di discarica in laboratorio. La discussione dei risultati ottenuti è stata propedeutica alla valutazione delle performance dei modelli concettuali testati così come al confronto con altri risultati ottenuti grazie a una approfondita ricerca bibliografica. Il lavoro originale svolto dallo studente può essere diviso in tre progetti principali. Il reattore ibrido Semi-aerobico, Anaerobico, Aerato (S.An.A ®) è una concetto innovativo testato in scala di laboratorio con promettenti risultati per quanto concerne la stimolazione della produzione di metano e la riduzione delle emissioni di lungo termine. Gli effetti del ricircolo del concentrato di percolato da osmosi inversa all’interno del corpo rifiuti di una discarica sono stati analizzati per verificare se possano esistere potenziali accumuli di contaminanti che rendano insostenibile tale pratica. La procedura di Final Storage Quality (FSQ) per determinare la chiusura della fase di aftercare di una discarica è stata testata su un rifiuto sovra-stabilizzato di sui sono state calcolate emissioni totali e la speciazione chimica degli elementi principali.
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Hamnström, Johanna. "Design of a Smartphone App for Control of Bioreactors Used for Cell Cultivation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-173123.
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Cell cultivation is the process of cultivating cells in an artificial environment outside of their natural body. GE Healthcare develops products for cell cultivation, both the actual cell cultivation instrument and the software for controlling it. Presently GE's bioreactor system can only be controlled and monitored from a screen on amachine beside the cultivation. If the people working with cell cultivation could monitor the cultivations from a smartphone application, they would always know what is going on in the cultivation and could even change parameters if necessary, without having to go to the cultivation. Time is saved and the cultivation can be monitored more often, thus can problems in the cultivation be discovered earlier and the risk of the cultivation perishing is decreased. An iterative design process with focus on usability was used to explore what functions the cell cultivators need in a smartphone application to support their work, and different design prototypes were explored together with the cell cultivators and usability experts. The result showed that the necessary functions in the application mainly involves monitoring of the most important values, a list of elevated alarms and the history chart for the values, but controlling of the system such as turning functions on/off and changing setpoints is also useful in some situations. This report can be used as groundwork for future development of smartphone applications for cell cultivation.
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Gill, N. K. "Design and characterisation of parallel miniature bioreactors for bioprocess optimisation and scale-up." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445974/.
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The establishment of a high productivity microbial fermentation process requires the experimental investigation of many interacting variables. In order to speed up this procedure a novel miniature stirred bioreactor system is described which enables parallel operation of 4-16 independently controlled fermentations. Each miniature bioreactor is of standard geometry (100 mL maximum working volume) and is fitted with a magnetically driven six-blade miniature turbine impeller (dj = 20 mm, dj/dj = 1/3) operating in the range 100 - 2000 rpm. Aeration is achieved via a sintered sparger at flow rates in the range of 0 - 2 vvm. Continuous on-line monitoring of each bioreactor is possible using miniature pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature probes, while PC-based software enables independent bioreactor control and real-time visualisation of parameters monitored on-line. Initial characterisation of the bioreactor involved quantification of the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient as a function of agitation and aeration rates. The maximum kLa value obtained was 0.11 s" The reproducibility of E. coli TOP10 pQR239 and B. subtilis ATCC6633 fermentations was shown in four parallel fermentations of each organism. For E. coli (1000 rpm, 1 vvm) the maximum specific growth rate, umax, was 0.68 0.01 h"1 and the final biomass concentration obtained, Xr,nai, was 3.8 0.05 g.L"1. Similarly for B. subtilis (1500 rpm, 1 vmm) umax was 0.45 0.01 h"1 and Xrinai was 9.0 0.06 g.L"1. Biomass growth kinetics increased with increases in agitation and aeration rates and the implementation of gas blending for control of DOT levels enabled umax and Xfmai values as high as 0.93 h"1 and 8.1 g.L"1 respectively to be achieved. The value of the miniature bioreactor design for high throughput experimentation was further demonstrated when Design of Experiments (DoE) techniques were employed to assess three variables temperature, pH and inducer concentration, for the optimisation of CHMO expression in E. coli TOP 10 pQR239. The optimised regression model derived from the results of 20 fermentations concluded that only temperature and inducer concentration had a significant influence, predicting a maximum specific CHMO activity of 105.9 U.g"1 at 37.1 C and 0.11 %w/v. This was in good agreement with the experimentally determined results at these conditions. In order to enable the predictive scale-up of miniature bioreactor results, the engineering characterisation of the miniature turbine impeller predicted a Power number of 3.5 based on experimental ungassed power consumption measurements. As a result of the numerous literature correlation relating kLa, gassed power per unit volume and superficial gas velocity being designed for much larger scale bioreactors, a similar correlation has been specifically derived for the miniature bioreactor scale. Constant ki,a has been shown to be the most reliable basis for predictive scale-up of fermentation results from the miniature bioreactor to conventional laboratory scale. This was confirmed over a range of kLa values (0.04-0.11 s"1), with good agreement between final biomass concentrations and maximum specific growth rates. In addition successful scale-up of the DoE results for optimum CHMO expression in E. coli at a constant kLa value of 0.04 s"1 yielded final biomass concentrations of 4.9 g.L"1 and 5.1 g.L"1 respectively in the miniature bioreactor and the 2 L vessel, and the CHMO activity obtained was 105.9 U.g"1 and 105.2 U.g"1 respectively. Finally, alternative on-line methods for monitoring cell growth within the miniature bioreactors without the need for repeated sampling have been described. The application of a novel optical density probe for monitoring biomass growth kinetics on-line has shown that comparable results for calculated maximum specific growth rates were obtained from off-line and on-line OD measurements 0.67 and 0.68 h"1 respectively. Thermal profiling techniques were also investigated as an alternative means for monitoring cell growth based on the natural heat generated by a microbial culture. Initial results showed that the heat generated during E. coli TOP 10 pQR239 fermentations followed the same pattern as the off-line growth curve. The maximum specific growth rates calculated from off-line and on-line thermal data were also in good agreement, 0.66 0 0.04 h"1 and 0.69 0 0.05 h"1 respectively. In summary the miniature bioreactor system designed and evaluated here provides a useful tool for the rapid optimisation and scale-up of microbial fermentation processes.
Books on the topic "Bioreactors design"
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Reinhart, Debra R. Landfill bioreactor design and operation. Boca Raton, Fla: Lewis Publishers, 1998.
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1949-, Tramper J., ed. Basic bioreactor design. New York: M. Dekker, 1991.
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1949-, Tramper J., ed. Basic bioreactor design. New York: M. Dekker, 1991.
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Bioreactor design fundamentals. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991.
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S, Cabral Joaquim, Mota Manuel, and Tramper J. 1949-, eds. Multiphase bioreactor design. London: Taylor & Francis, 2001.
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(Project), BIOTOL, Open Universiteit (Heerlen Netherlands), and Thames Polytechnic, eds. Bioreactor design and product yield. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992.
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1962-, Mitchell David A., Krieger Nadia, and Berovic M, eds. Solid-state fermentation bioreactors: Fundamentals of design and operation. Berlin: Springer, 2006.
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Yang, Zhao. Design and Testing of Digital Microfluidic Biochips. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.
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Vieth, W. R. Membrane systems: Analysis and design : applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, and polymer science. Munich: Hanser Publishers, 1988.
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Vieth, W. R. Membrane systems: Analysis and design : applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, and polymer science. New York: J. Wiley, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Bioreactors design"
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Zeilinger, Katrin, and Jörg C. Gerlach. "Artificial Liver Bioreactor Design." In Bioreactors, 147–74. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch5.
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Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik. "Challenges for Bioreactor Design and Operation." In Bioreactors, 1–34. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch1.
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Rathore, Anurag S., Lalita Kanwar Shekhawat, and Varun Loomba. "Computational Fluid Dynamics for Bioreactor Design." In Bioreactors, 295–322. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch10.
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Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik, and Robert Gustavsson. "Soft Sensor Design for Bioreactor Monitoring and Control." In Bioreactors, 391–420. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch14.
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Oosterhuis, Nico M. G., and Stefan Junne. "Design, Applications, and Development of Single-Use Bioreactors." In Bioreactors, 261–94. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch9.
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Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik. "Design-of-Experiments for Development and Optimization of Bioreactor Media." In Bioreactors, 421–52. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch15.
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Lattermann, Clemens, and Jochen Büchs. "Design and Operation of Microbioreactor Systems for Screening and Process Development." In Bioreactors, 35–76. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch2.
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Ferrer, Pau, and Francisco Valero. "Coping with Physiological Stress During Recombinant Protein Production by Bioreactor Design and Operation." In Bioreactors, 227–60. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch8.
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Higgins, James, Al Mattes, William Stiebel, and Brent Wootton. "The Design of EEB Systems." In Eco-Engineered Bioreactors, 215–38. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2018.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315166810-8.
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Villadsen, John. "Design of Ideal Bioreactors." In Fundamental Bioengineering, 319–56. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527697441.ch10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Bioreactors design"
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Neitzel, G. Paul, Robert M. Nerem, Athanassios Sambanis, Marc K. Smith, Timothy M. Wick, Jason B. Brown, Christopher Hunter, et al. "Effect of Fluid-Mechanical and Chemical Environments on Cell Function and Tissue Growth: Experimental and Modeling Studies." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0794.
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Abstract Bioreactors are widely used for the growth and maintenance of tissue-engineered constructs. In this paper, we report on work directed toward a better understanding of the chemical and fluid-mechanical environments that are needed to enhance cell function and tissue growth in bioreactors. We have conducted cell-growth studies in well-controlled flow conditions that indicate the effect of shear stress and oxygen tension on cellular function. In more complicated bioreactors, like the NASA rotating-wall vessel bioreactor, we have done experimental and numerical fluid-mechanical studies that quantify the velocity and shear-rate fields near a three-dimensional construct suspended by the flow inside the bioreactor. All of these results will be used to develop the tools needed to properly design and operate bioreactors for the optimal growth of tissue substitutes.
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Cruel, Magali, Morad Bensidhoum, Laure Sudre, Guillaume Puel, Virginie Dumas, and Thierry Hoc. "Study of the Effect of Mechanical Loading on Cell Cultures in Bone Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82989.
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Bone tissue engineering currently represents one of the most interesting alternatives to autologous transplants and their drawbacks in the treatment of large bone defects. Mesenchymal stem cells are used to build new bone in vitro in a bioreactor. Their stimulation and our understanding of the mechanisms of mechanotransduction need to be improved in order to optimize the design of bioreactors. In this study, several geometries of bioreactor were analyzed experimentally and biological results were linked with numerical simulations of the flow inside the bioreactor. These results will constitute a base for an improved design of the existing bioreactor.
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Kadic, Enes, and Theodore J. Heindel. "Hydrodynamic Considerations in Bioreactor Selection and Design." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30367.
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The biological production of renewable fuels and chemicals, medicines, and proteins is not possible without a properly functioning bioreactor. Bioreactors are expected to meet several basic requirements and create conditions favorable to the biological material such that the desired production is maximized. The basic requirements, which are strongly influenced by fluid mechanic principles, may include minimum damage to the biological material, maximum reactor volume utilization, optimized gas-liquid mass transfer, and/or enhanced mass transfer from the liquid to the biological species. Each of these goals may be achieved within any of the major bioreactor designs, which generally fall under the categories of stirred tank, bubble column, or airlift bioreactor. Yet, each of the bioreactor designs has strengths and weaknesses. This paper provides an overview of bioreactor hydrodynamic developments and the fluid mechanic issues that should to be considered when selecting a bioreactor for experimental and production purposes.
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Bertrand, Robert S., Emmanuel Revellame, Lisa Stephanie Dizon, Kristel Gatdula, and Remil Aguda. "Measurement of Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient in Lab-scale Stirred Tank Reactors: Is There a Point of Diminishing Returns for Impeller Speed and Gas Flowrate?" In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/zrrh2541.
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The transfer of species from gas to liquid across the phase interface is generally regarded as the greatest challenge and limitation in bioreactor design and operation. This is true for both oxygen and other gases used in bioreactors, such as methane. In this study, the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient was observed for a bioreactor at various sparger flowrates and impeller rotational speeds. Specifically targeted was a point at which increasing the impeller speed or gas flowrate resulted in reduced returns on the observed value of the transfer coefficient. This was to be expected, but much greater influence was observed for impeller speed than there was for gas flowrate. At impeller speeds of 600 rpm, quadrupling the gas flowrate from 2.5L/min to 10L/min only resulted in an increase of approximately 40%. At 0 rpm, the quadrupling of the gas flowrate resulted in a nearly quadrupled kLa value, indicating that at no agitation, the gas flowrate is closely tied to the kLa of the bioreactor, if much lower than under agitation. The study thus concludes that the kLa in these bioreactors is nearly directly influenced by gas inlet flowrate under tranquil conditions, but when agitation is present, it is a much more determining factor for kLa than gas inlet flowrate. This is likely due to the ability of the impeller to break up large bubbles introduced by the sparger to increase the area available for mass transfer. This may be used in experiments involving bioreactors to save on gas costs and more appropriately select a rotational speed to target certain bioreactor output parameters.
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Patenaude, Jeffrey A., Aaron Desjarlais, Jessica Kornfeld, Michael Lee, Matthew McGrath, Jeffrey Perry, and Jeffrey W. Ruberti. "Design of Optically Accessible, Ultra Low-Volume, Tissue Loading Bioreactor." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206675.
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Given mounting evidence that mechanical force is a critical parameter in the normal development and remodeling of load-bearing tissue, there is a critical need for a new class of bioreactors which can apply controlled loads/strains to tissues or engineered constructs while permitting high-powered optical accessibility. We have developed a novel bioreactor which can be mounted onto the stage of an inverted microscope which permits direct 600× observation of a perfused specimen while the specimen is held in either load or strain control. Further, the chamber has been designed to minimize free volume to reduce the cost of reagents.
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Hijazi, Rayane, Jihane Rahbani Mounsef, and Hadi Y. Kanaan. "Design Considerations for Photo-Bioreactors: A Review." In 2020 5th International Conference on Renewable Energies for Developing Countries (REDEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/redec49234.2020.9163888.
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Ferrar, Joseph, Philip Maun, Kenneth Wunch, Joseph Moore, Jana Rajan, Jon Raymond, Ethan Solomon, and Matheus Paschoalino. "High Pressure, High Temperature Bioreactors as a Biocide Selection Tool for Hydraulically Fractured Reservoirs." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204198-ms.
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Abstract We report the design, operation and biogenic souring data from a first-of-its kind suite of High Pressure, High Temperature (HPHT) Bioreactors for hydraulically fractured shale reservoirs. These bioreactors vet the ability of microbial control technologies, such as biocides, to prevent the onset of microbial contamination and reservoir souring at larger experimental volumes and higher pressures and temperatures than have been previously possible outside of field trials. The bioreactors were charged with proppant, crushed Permian shale, and sterile simulated fracturing fluids (SSFF). Subsets of bioreactors were charged with SSFF dosed with either no biocide, tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride (TTPC, a cationic surface-active biocide), or 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine (DMO, a preservative biocide). The bioreactors were shut in under 1,000-2,500 psi and elevated temperatures for up to fifteen weeks; hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and microbial counts were measured approximately once per week, and additional microbes were introduced after weeks three and five. Across two separate studies, the bioreactors containing no biocide soured within the first week of shut-in and H2S concentrations increased rapidly beyond the maximum detectable level (343 ppm) within the first three to six weeks of shut-in. In the first study, the bioreactors treated with TTPC soured within two weeks of shut-in (prior to the first addition of fresh microbes), and H2S concentrations increased rapidly to nearly 200 ppm H2S within the first six weeks of shut-in and beyond the maximum detectable level after fifteen weeks of shut-in. The bioreactors containing DMO did not sour during either study until at least the first addition of fresh microbes, and higher levels of the preservative biocide continued to prevent the biogenic formation of H2S even during and after the addition of fresh microbes. Microbial counts correlate with the H2S readings across all bioreactor treatments. The differentiation in antimicrobial activity afforded by the different types of biocide treatments validates the use of these simulated laboratory reservoirs as a biocide selection tool. This first-of-its-kind suite of HPHT Bioreactors for hydraulic fracturing provides the most advanced biocide selection tool developed for the hydraulic fracturing industry to date. The bioreactors will guide completions and stimulation engineers in biocide program optimization under reservoir-relevant conditions prior to beginning lengthy and expensive field trials.
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Christianson, Laura, Alok Bhandari, and Matt Helmers. "Potential Design Methodology for Agricultural Drainage Denitrification Bioreactors." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41173(414)285.
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Magarotto, E., T. Ahmed-Ali, and M. Haddad. "A new sampled-data observer design for bioreactors." In 2022 8th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/codit55151.2022.9804131.
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Tandon, N., A. Marsano, C. Cannizzaro, J. Voldman, and G. Vunjak-Novakovic. "Design of electrical stimulation bioreactors for cardiac tissue engineering." In 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2008.4649983.
Full textReports on the topic "Bioreactors design"
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Kendall, Edward. Bioreactors: Design, Background, and Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1887112.
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Shuler, Michael L. Development of Cell Models as a Basis for Bioreactor Design for Genetically Modified Bacteria. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada174571.
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Knotek-Smith, Heather, and Catherine Thomas. Microbial dynamics of a fluidized bed bioreactor treating perchlorate in groundwater. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45403.
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Optimization of operation and performance of the groundwater treatment system regarding perchlorate removal at Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant (LHAAP) is dependent on specific conditions within the reactor and the larger groundwater treatment process. This study evaluated the microbial community compositions within the plant during periods of adequate perchlorate degradation, sub-adequate perchlorate degradation, and non-operating conditions. Factors affecting the performance of the LHAAP ground water treatment system (GWTS) perchlorate de-grading fluidized bed reactor (FBR) are identified and discussed. Isolation of the FBR from naturally occurring microbial populations in the groundwater was the most significant factor reducing system effectiveness. The microbial population within the FBR is highly susceptible to system upsets, which leads to declining diversity within the reactor. As designed, the system operates for extended periods without the desired perchlorate removal without intervention such as a seed inoculant. A range of modifications and the operation of the system are identified to increase the effectiveness of perchlorate removal at LHAAP.
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Husson, Scott M., Viatcheslav Freger, and Moshe Herzberg. Antimicrobial and fouling-resistant membranes for treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598151.bard.
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This research project introduced a novel membrane coating strategy to combat biofouling, which is a major problem for the membrane-based treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewaters. The novelty of the strategy is that the membrane coatings have the unique ability to switch reversibly between passive (antifouling) and active (antimicrobial) fouling control mechanisms. This dual-mode approach differs fundamentally from other coating strategies that rely solely on one mode of fouling control. The research project had two complementary objectives: (1) preparation, characterization, and testing of dual-mode polymer nanolayers on planar surfaces and (2) evaluation of these nanolayers as membrane modifiers. The first objective was designed to provide a fundamental understanding of how polymer nanolayer chemistry and structure affect bacterial deposition and to demonstrate the reversibility of chemical switching. The second objective, which focused on membrane development, characterization, and testing, was designed to demonstrate methods for the production of water treatment membranes that couple passive and active biofouling control mechanisms. Both objectives were attained through synergistic collaboration among the three research groups. Using planar silicon and glass surfaces, we demonstrated using infrared spectroscopy that this new polymer coating can switch reversibly between the anti-fouling, zwitterion mode and an anti-microbial, quaternary amine mode. We showed that switching could be done more than 50 times without loss of activity and that the kinetics for switching from a low fouling zwitterion surface to an antimicrobial quaternary amine surface is practical for use. While a low pH was required for switching in the original polymer, we illustrated that by slightly altering the chemistry, it is possible to adjust the pH at which the switching occurs. A method was developed for applying the new zwitterionic surface chemistry onto polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes. Bacteria deposition studies showed that the new chemistry performed better than other common anti-fouling chemistries. Biofilm studies showed that PESultrafiltration membranes coated with the new chemistry accumulated half the biomass volume as unmodified membranes. Biofilm studies also showed that PES membranes coated with the new chemistry in the anti-microbial mode attained higher biofilm mortality than PES membranes coated with a common, non-switchablezwitterionic polymer. Results from our research are expected to improve membrane performance for the purification of wastewaters prior to use in irrigation. Since reduction in flux due to biofouling is one of the largest costs associated with membrane processes in water treatment, using dual-mode nanolayer coatings that switch between passive and active control of biofouling and enable detachment of attached biofoulants would have significant economic and societal impacts. Specifically, this research program developed and tested advanced ultrafiltration membranes for the treatment of wastewaters. Such membranes could find use in membrane bioreactors treating municipal wastewater, a slightly upgraded version of what presently is used in Israel for irrigation. They also may find use for pretreatment of agricultural wastewaters, e.g., rendering facility wastewater, prior to reverse osmosis for desalination. The need to desalinate such impaired waters water for unlimited agricultural use is likely in the near future.