Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bioreactors

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bioreactors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Bioreactors"

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Feyereisen, Gary W., Ehsan Ghane, Todd W. Schumacher, Brent J. Dalzell, and M. R. Williams. "Can Woodchip Bioreactors Be Used at a Catchment Scale? Nitrate Performance and Sediment Considerations." Journal of the ASABE 66, no. 2 (2023): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15496.

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Highlights Novel three-bed, cascading-inlet bioreactor treated agricultural drainage from a 249-ha catchment. Nitrate removal rates and load reduction efficiencies were similar to those of traditional single-field bioreactors. Sedimentation problems reduced bed life; a sediment sensing and exclusion system solved them. This scale provides opportunities for centralized management and nutrient reduction verification. Abstract. Denitrifying bioreactors, a structural practice deployed at the field scale to meet water quality goals, have been underutilized and require additional evaluation at the small catchment scale. The objective of this study was to quantify the performance of a large, multi-bed denitrifying bioreactor system sized to treat agricultural drainage runoff (combined drainage discharge and surface runoff) from a 249-ha catchment. Three woodchip bioreactor beds, 7.6 m wide by 41 m long by 1.5 m deep, with cascading inlets, were constructed in 2016 in southern Minnesota, U.S. The beds received runoff for one water year from a catchment area that is 91% tile-drained row crops, primarily maize and soybeans. Initial woodchip quality differed among the three beds, affecting flow and nitrate removal rates. Bioreactor flow was unimpeded by sediment for twelve events from September 2016 to July 2017, during which time 55% of the discharge from the catchment was treated in the bioreactor beds. Average daily nitrate removal rates ranged from 2.5 to 6.5 g-N m-3 d-1 for the three bioreactor beds, with nitrate-N load removal of flow through the beds between 19% and 27%. When accounting for untreated by-pass flow, the overall nitrate-N removal of the multi-bed system was 12.5% (713 kg N). During high-flow events, incoming sediment clogged the reactor beds, decreasing their performance. There was 4,520 kg of sediment trapped in one bed, and evidence suggests the other two trapped a similar load. To solve this problem and prolong the bioreactor’s lifespan, we installed a shutoff gate that activated when inflow turbidity exceeded a threshold value. Finally, the findings indicate that catchment-scale denitrifying bioreactors can successfully remove nitrate load from agricultural runoff, but sediment-prevention measures may be required to extend the bioreactor's lifespan. Keywords: Bioreactor, Denitrification, Nitrate removal, Sedimentation, Subsurface drainage.
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Ritonja, Jozef, Andreja Gorsek, and Darja Pecar. "Control of Milk Fermentation in Batch Bioreactor." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 26, no. 1 (February 16, 2020): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.26.1.23377.

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In this paper, modelling and control of a batch bioreactor is studied. A main disadvantage of batch bioreactors compared to other types of bioreactors is their inability to introduce biological or/and chemical substances during operation. Therefore, possibility of bioreactor’s control by means of changing temperature was proposed, analyzed, and implemented. A new supplementary input/output dynamical mathematical model, which considers influence of heating and cooling on a bioprocess, was developed. On a basis of this model, a control system was designed and a method for tuning of the controller was suggested. Results show characteristics, applicability, and advantages of the presented approach.
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Oktiawan, Wiharyanto, Irawan Wisnu Wardhana, Endro Sutrisno, Domuanri Gorat, and Alfian Rizky Rizaldianto. "Municipal Solid Waste Management Using Bioreactor Landfill in the Treatment of Organic Waste from Jatibarang Landfill, Semarang-Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912507002.

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Landfilling is one of the easiest methods to be applied in the management of municipal solid waste (MSW). In its development, bioreactor landfill methods that have various advantages over conventional landfill emerge. This experiment aims to study the use of bioreactor landfills for the management of organic waste in Jatibarang Landfill, Semarang-Indonesia. There are 4 bioreactor landfills operated: 2 anaerobic bioreactors with leachate recirculation and addition of water, and 2 aerobic bioreactors. Different results are shown from these two types of bioreactor, where aerobic bioreactors reach peak temperatures (55oC each) faster even though anaerobic bioreactors reach higher temperatures (60oC and 61oC respectively). Anaerobic bioreactors reach a higher final pH value than aerobes while the accumulation of nitrogen content from an aerobic bioreactor is 2 times higher than anaerobes.
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Christianson, Laura E., Richard A. Cooke, Christopher H. Hay, Matthew J. Helmers, Gary W. Feyereisen, Andry Z. Ranaivoson, John T. McMaine, et al. "Effectiveness of Denitrifying Bioreactors on Water Pollutant Reduction from Agricultural Areas." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 2 (2021): 641–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14011.

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HighlightsDenitrifying woodchip bioreactors treat nitrate-N in a variety of applications and geographies.This review focuses on subsurface drainage bioreactors and bed-style designs (including in-ditch).Monitoring and reporting recommendations are provided to advance bioreactor science and engineering.Abstract. Denitrifying bioreactors enhance the natural process of denitrification in a practical way to treat nitrate-nitrogen (N) in a variety of N-laden water matrices. The design and construction of bioreactors for treatment of subsurface drainage in the U.S. is guided by USDA-NRCS Conservation Practice Standard 605. This review consolidates the state of the science for denitrifying bioreactors using case studies from across the globe with an emphasis on full-size bioreactor nitrate-N removal and cost-effectiveness. The focus is on bed-style bioreactors (including in-ditch modifications), although there is mention of denitrifying walls, which broaden the applicability of bioreactor technology in some areas. Subsurface drainage denitrifying bioreactors have been assessed as removing 20% to 40% of annual nitrate-N loss in the Midwest, and an evaluation across the peer-reviewed literature published over the past three years showed that bioreactors around the world have been generally consistent with that (N load reduction median: 46%; mean ±SD: 40% ±26%; n = 15). Reported N removal rates were on the order of 5.1 g N m-3 d-1 (median; mean ±SD: 7.2 ±9.6 g N m-3 d-1; n = 27). Subsurface drainage bioreactor installation costs have ranged from less than $5,000 to $27,000, with estimated cost efficiencies ranging from less than $2.50 kg-1 N year-1 to roughly $20 kg-1 N year-1 (although they can be as high as $48 kg-1 N year-1). A suggested monitoring setup is described primarily for the context of conservation practitioners and watershed groups for assessing annual nitrate-N load removal performance of subsurface drainage denitrifying bioreactors. Recommended minimum reporting measures for assessing and comparing annual N removal performance include: bioreactor dimensions and installation date; fill media size, porosity, and type; nitrate-N concentrations and water temperatures; bioreactor flow treatment details; basic drainage system and bioreactor design characteristics; and N removal rate and efficiency. Keywords: Groundwater, Nitrate, Nonpoint-source pollution, Subsurface drainage, Tile.
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Ghosh, Subhrojyoti, Nainika Srivastava, Shreya Jha, and Nandan Kumar Jana. "Spinner Flask Bioreactor in Tissue Engineering." YMER Digital 21, no. 06 (June 20, 2022): 611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.06/61.

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Spinner Flask Bioreactors are usually made up of glass or plastic vessel which have been widely used in Tissue Engineering from production of articular cartilage to production of osteoblast cells that help in bone regeneration. Cartilage grown in spinner flask bioreactors had more cells and less GAG than the other types of bioreactors in tissue engineering. In recent years, these bioreactors have also been used for the invitro cultivation of human tenocytes and MSCs. In this type of bioreactor, the cell/scaffold constructs are connected to vertical needles striking from pinnacle of the vessel and immersed inside the culture medium. The pinnacle or the top part of this bioreactor is used for gas exchange and medium oxygenation. Mixing of the medium is maintained with a stir bar at the lowest of the vessel or different blending mechanisms. Spinner Flask Bioreactors have grabbed increased attention in recent years due to its wide range of Tissue Engineering applications. In this review, we have tried to explore the different domains where these bioreactors have found enhanced applications. Keywords: Spin Flask Bioreactor Tissue Engineering, Cell Seeding, Bone Tissue Engineering, Articular Cartilage
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Wiharyanto, Oktiawan, Sutrisno Endro, and Hadiwidodo Mochtar. "Performance of Semi-Aerobic Solid Waste Bioreactor in relation to Decomposition Process and Biogas Production." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 07021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187307021.

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Solid waste which is sent to Jatibarang landfill in Semarang City can reach up to 4000 m3/day. The composition of solid waste consists of 61.95% of organic waste and 38.05% of inorganic waste. The environmental impacts of solid waste can be reduced using bioreactor methods which being able to accelerate the solid waste decomposition. Large amount of solid waste which is sent to Jatibarang landfill certainly has great potential to environment pollution. Therefore, a technology such as landfill bioreactor is needed to speed up the decomposition process of organic solid waste. Landfill bioreactors are characterized using a range of technologies in order to create an suitable environment for degradation processes. In this study four bioreactors simulated landfills that consist of hybrid bioreactors and anaerobic control bioreactors. The result shows that hybrid bioreactor has increases the decomposition process of organic solid waste. The hybrid bioreactor also produce more methane in subsequent anaerobes.
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Malhotra, Neeraj. "Bioreactors Design, Types, Influencing Factors and Potential Application in Dentistry. A Literature Review." Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 14, no. 4 (May 23, 2019): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574888x14666190111105504.

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Objectives:A variety of bioreactors and related approaches have been applied to dental tissues as their use has become more essential in the field of regenerative dentistry and dental tissue engineering. The review discusses the various types of bioreactors and their potential application in dentistry.Methods:Review of the literature was conducted using keywords (and MeSH) like Bioreactor, Regenerative Dentistry, Fourth Factor, Stem Cells, etc., from the journals published in English. All the searched abstracts, published in indexed journals were read and reviewed to further refine the list of included articles. Based on the relevance of abstracts pertaining to the manuscript, full-text articles were assessed.Results:Bioreactors provide a prerequisite platform to create, test, and validate the biomaterials and techniques proposed for dental tissue regeneration. Flow perfusion, rotational, spinner-flask, strain and customize-combined bioreactors have been applied for the regeneration of bone, periodontal ligament, gingiva, cementum, oral mucosa, temporomandibular joint and vascular tissues. Customized bioreactors can support cellular/biofilm growth as well as apply cyclic loading. Center of disease control & dip-flow biofilm-reactors and micro-bioreactor have been used to evaluate the biological properties of dental biomaterials, their performance assessment and interaction with biofilms. Few case reports have also applied the concept of in vivo bioreactor for the repair of musculoskeletal defects and used customdesigned bioreactor (Aastrom) to repair the defects of cleft-palate.Conclusions:Bioreactors provide a sterile simulated environment to support cellular differentiation for oro-dental regenerative applications. Also, bioreactors like, customized bioreactors for cyclic loading, biofilm reactors (CDC & drip-flow), and micro-bioreactor, can assess biological responses of dental biomaterials by simultaneously supporting cellular or biofilm growth and application of cyclic stresses.
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Dzianik, František, and Štefan Gužela. "Basic Technological Parameters of the Activation Process for Two Bioreactor Configurations." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 73, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2023-0004.

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Abstract Technological parameters of the activation process in wastewater treatment plant activation systems are analyzed for basic bioreactor configurations, for the chemostat and for the plug flow, both with the recirculation of concentrated activated sludge. The first type of bioreactors represents conventional aerated tanks, but also loop bioreactors. The second type of bioreactors includes, for example, oxidation ditches. The paper presents an evaluation of the basic technological parameters of the activation process for the two mentioned configurations of bioreactor systems with recirculation of concentrated activated sludge. In addition, a new relation for sludge age evaluation is proposed for an activation system with a plug flow bioreactor. The article also provides examples of connections between the values of the technological parameters of the activation process for the two analyzed types of bioreactor systems.
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Catapano, Gerardo, Juliane K. Unger, Elisabetta M. Zanetti, Gionata Fragomeni, and Jörg C. Gerlach. "Kinetic Analysis of Lidocaine Elimination by Pig Liver Cells Cultured in 3D Multi-Compartment Hollow Fiber Membrane Network Perfusion Bioreactors." Bioengineering 8, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8080104.

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Liver cells cultured in 3D bioreactors is an interesting option for temporary extracorporeal liver support in the treatment of acute liver failure and for animal models for preclinical drug screening. Bioreactor capacity to eliminate drugs is generally used for assessing cell metabolic competence in different bioreactors or to scale-up bioreactor design and performance for clinical or preclinical applications. However, drug adsorption and physical transport often disguise the intrinsic drug biotransformation kinetics and cell metabolic state. In this study, we characterized the intrinsic kinetics of lidocaine elimination and adsorption by porcine liver cells cultured in 3D four-compartment hollow fiber membrane network perfusion bioreactors. Models of lidocaine transport and biotransformation were used to extract intrinsic kinetic information from response to lidocaine bolus of bioreactor versus adhesion cultures. Different from 2D adhesion cultures, cells in the bioreactors are organized in liver-like aggregates. Adsorption on bioreactor constituents significantly affected lidocaine elimination and was effectively accounted for in kinetic analysis. Lidocaine elimination and cellular monoethylglicinexylidide biotransformation featured first-order kinetics with near-to-in vivo cell-specific capacity that was retained for times suitable for clinical assist and drug screening. Different from 2D cultures, cells in the 3D bioreactors challenged with lidocaine were exposed to close-to-physiological lidocaine and monoethylglicinexylidide concentration profiles. Kinetic analysis suggests bioreactor technology feasibility for preclinical drug screening and patient assist and that drug adsorption should be accounted for to assess cell state in different cultures and when laboratory bioreactor design and performance is scaled-up to clinical use or toxicological drug screening.
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Nokhbatolfoghahaei, Hanieh, Mahboubeh Bohlouli, Kazem Adavi, Zahrasadat Paknejad, Maryam Rezai Rad, Mohammad Mehdi khani, Nasim Salehi-Nik, and Arash Khojasteh. "Computational modeling of media flow through perfusion-based bioreactors for bone tissue engineering." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 234, no. 12 (July 21, 2020): 1397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411920944039.

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Bioreactor system has been used in bone tissue engineering in order to simulate dynamic nature of bone tissue environments. Perfusion bioreactors have been reported as the most efficient types of shear-loading bioreactor. Also, combination of forces, such as rotation plus perfusion, has been reported to enhance cell growth and osteogenic differentiation. Mathematical modeling using sophisticated infrastructure processes could be helpful and streamline the development of functional grafts by estimating and defining an effective range of bioreactor settings for better augmentation of tissue engineering. This study is aimed to conduct computational modeling for newly designed bioreactors in order to alleviate the time and material consuming for evaluating bioreactor parameters and effect of fluid flow hydrodynamics (various amounts of shear stress) on osteogenesis. Also, biological assessments were performed in order to validate similar parameters under implementing the perfusion or rotating and perfusion fluid motions in bioreactors’ prototype. Finite element method was used to investigate the effect of hydrodynamic of fluid flow inside the bioreactors. The equations used in the simulation to calculate the velocity values and consequently the shear stress values include Navier–Stokes and Brinkman equations. It has been shown that rotational fluid motion in rotating and perfusion bioreactor produces more velocity and shear stress compared with perfusion bioreactor. Moreover, implementing the perfusion together with rotational force in rotating and perfusion bioreactors has been shown to have more cell proliferation and higher activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme as well as formation of extra cellular matrix sheet, as an indicator of bone-like tissue formation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bioreactors"

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Millward, Huw Richard. "Novel membrane bioreactors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317837.

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Daly, Chris D. "Artificial arteries and bioreactors /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19028.pdf.

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Fonseca, Anabela Duarte. "Denitrification in Membrane Bioreactors." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35212.

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Three membrane bioreactors, a low flux filter (LFF), a diafilter (DF), and an ion-exchange (IE) membrane bioreactor were used to treat water polluted with 50 ppm-N nitrate. The three systems were compared in terms of removal efficiency of nitrate, operational complexity, and overall quality of the treated water. In the low flux filter (LFF) membrane bioreactor an hemo-dialysis hollow fiber module was used and operated continuously for 29 days with a constant flux of permeate. The performance of the system was constant during the span of the experiment, which demonstrated that when the module was operated under constant low flux of permeate, the membrane filtration process was not affected by fouling. The removal rate of the LFF was 100% since the treated effluent did not contain nitrate or nitrite. The volumetric denitrification rate was 240 g-N day-1 m-3, which is within the range of denitrification rates obtained in tubular membrane modules. The treated effluent contained acetate, the carbon source of the biological process, and other inorganic nutrients, which showed that operating this ultrafiltration module at controlled flux did not improve the retention of these substances in the bioreactor. The same hemo-dialysis hollow fiber module employed in the LFF system was used in the diafilter (DF) membrane bioreactor. In the DF system, however, the membrane module was used as a contactor that separated the treated water and the bioreactor system, which allowed the transfer of solutes through the membrane porous structure and supported the growth of a biofilm on the membrane surface. The nitrate removal rate of the DF system increased from 76% to 91% during the 17 days assay. Unfortunately, this improvement could be attributed to microbial contamination of the water circuit because significant concentrations of the carbon source, acetate, nutrients, and nitrate were found in the treated effluent. The volumetric denitrification rate of the system was 200 g-N day-1 m-3, and the surface denitrification rate was lower than values previously reported for contactor membrane bioreactors. The results hereby presented do not evidence any advantage of operating the Filtral 20 ® membrane module as a contactor instead of as a filter such as in the LFF system. On the other hand, the third system herein presented, the IE membrane bioreactor, demonstrated several advantages of a contactor configuration but with a non-porous ion exchange membrane module in place of the Filtral 20 ®. As in a contactor system, the anion membrane provided a surface for biofilm growth, facilitated the transport of nitrate, and prevented mixing of treated water and bioreactor medium. Compared to the two previous systems, the most remarkable result of the IE was the reduction of secondary pollution in the treated water. The concentrations of phosphate and ethanol were zero and less than 1% of the concentration in the bioreactor, respectively. In addition, the IE system was less complex than the two other systems because the ion exchange membrane is non-porous. Therefore, unlike with porous contactors, it was not necessary to control the flux of treated water that could be lost through the bioreactor. The average surface denitrification rate of the IE system was 7.0 g-N day-1 m-2, which is higher than what had been reported for other contactor denitrification systems. However, because of the low surface to volume ratio of the membrane module that was used, the volumetric denitrification rate of the IE system was low, equivalent to 65 g-N day-1 m-3.
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Kadzinga, Fadzai. "Venturi aeration of bioreactors." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13675.

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Low solubility of oxygen has resulted in high bioreactor energy requirements in order to supply sufficient oxygen to aerobic bioprocesses. It is desirable to reduce energy consumption in bioreactors to benefit environmental sustainability as well as economic feasibility. This is particularly important with the resurgence of interest in bio-based commodity products. Some research has suggested that venturi aeration of bioreactors will reduce energy consumption by eliminating the need for air compression, while at the same time maintaining or improving oxygen transfer rates. On the other hand, there are findings that suggest venturi aeration has lower energy efficiency than conventional sparging and oxygen transfer rates achieved are too low sustain aerobic biological processes. A comparison of the aeration of geometrically-similar reactors using the same analytical methods to determine kLa is not available in the literature. This comparison should also address analysis of energy input including energy used for compressing gas sparged into a stirred tank reactor; the investigation of mass transfer rates at higher flow rates (vvm) in venturi-aerated reactors and resulting cell response to these higher flow rates. This is the topic of the dissertation presented. In this laboratory scale study, venturi aerators were characterised and energy consumption as a function of oxygen mass transfer rates compared with a geometrically identical aerated stirred tank reactor by evaluating the volumetric mass transfer coefficients (kLa). The kLa was investigated in varying reactor setups using the dynamic gassing-in method.
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Mamo, Julian. "Assessment and optimisation of the operation of integrated membrane system for wastewater reclamation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667844.

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The combination of two membrane technologies coupled together in series has become a standard technology when it comes to producing reclaimed water of high quality for potable reclamation or industrial applications. This combination of two membrane processes is referred to as integrated membrane systems (IMS). Despite the widespread experience gained utilizing such a process technology around the world, there are a number of aspects of the process technology which require further investigation including the fate of compounds of emerging concern (CEC), the control of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation, the use of energy associated with the process and the total cost of producing the reclaimed water, and monitoring membrane integrity in RO treatment processes. The objective of this work was to further the knowledge in one aspect related to each of these four challenges and then bring each of these areas together in the discussion to understand whether proposing a decision support system for the online monitoring and operation of integrated systems would allow improvements to the current state-of-the-art.
La combinació de dos tecnologies de membrana acoblades en sèrie ha esdevingut un tecnologia consolidada degut a la capacitat de produir aigua d’elevada qualitat i potencialment reutilitzable per aplicacions industrials com fins i tot per ser potabilitzada. Tot i l’elevada experiència adquirida en aquests processos combinats, encara hi ha aspectes del procés que calen una investigació més profunda que inclogui el coneixement sobre l’eliminació dels compostos emergents, el control de la formació de N-Nitrosodimetilamines (NDMA), l’ús de l’energia associada amb el procés incloent el cost total de produir l’aigua reutilitzable, i el seguiment de la integritat de la membrana en el tractament amb osmosi inversa (OI). L’objectiu d’aquest treball recau en avançar en el coneixement dels aspectes relacionats amb cada un dels quatre reptes esmentats, per aconseguir discutir de forma conjunta la millor forma d’integrar aquest nou coneixement adquirit proposant un sistema d’ajuda a la decisió pel control i seguiment de l’operació de sistemes integrats de membrana (SIM).
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McAdam, Ewan J. "Denitrification using immersed membrane bioreactors." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6281.

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Nitrate is practically ubiquitous in waters abstracted for municipal potable water production in Europe due to decades of intensive agricultural practice. Ion exchange is principally selected to target abstracted waters with elevated nitrate concentrations. However, the cost associated with disposal of the waste stream has re-ignited interest in destructive rather concentrative technologies. This thesis explores the potential of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for the removal of nitrate from potable water. Two configurations are considered: an MBR to replace ion-exchange completely; and an MBR to treat the ion-exchange waste stream in-situ for re-use. For the replacement MBR, permeate quality can be affected by nitrite accumulation, micro-organism and carbon breakthrough. However, at steady-state and provided substrate addition was controlled, permeate quality was consistently high. Selection of an appropriate substrate was observed to improve permeability by a factor of three. Permeability was sustained within the MBR by adopting a dead-end filtration strategy having identified a relationship between filtered volume, flux and suspended solids concentration. Provided the filtered volume within a single filtration cycle did not exceed a set volume, the accumulated deposit was reversible. For the ion-exchange waste stream MBR, organic carbon breakthrough was considerable. However, the impact upon resin capacity was apparently limited when permeate was re-used for resin regeneration. Salt shocking did not induce permeability decline although some denitrification capacity was lost. Cost evaluation demonstrated that operating ion- exchange in parallel with MBR regenerant treatment was more cost effective than ion exchange with direct disposal.
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Ruiz, Medina Tarik. "Plant cell bioreactors for peptide production." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670804.

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La producció de proteïnes recombinants en plantes representa una oportunitat per a la seva obtenció i utilització comercial. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi industrial ha estat el desenvolupament de sistemes vegetals de producció de proteïnes, eficients i competitius econòmicament, amb possibilitats de portar-les al mercat. Per fer-ho hem explorat dos sistemes: els cultius cel·lulars de Daucus carota i les fulles de Nicotiana benthamiana, cadascun d'ells amb els seus avantatges i limitacions. Com a prova de concepte, ambdós sistemes van ser utilitzats per a la producció d'"insulin-like growth factor 1" (IGF1), un pèptid d'alt valor afegit per a les indústries cosmètica i farmacèutica. S'assajaren vàries estratègies innovadores per a millorar els rendiments de producció augmentant l'expressió gènica i reduir costos de purificació del producte. A més, l'activitat biològica de l'IGF1 i els seus derivats produïts en planta va ser avaluada en comparació amb pèptids sintètics. Com a primera estratègia s'assajaren supressors del silenciament de l'ARN d'origen viral per tal d'incrementar l'expressió gènica. En assajos d'expressió transitòria amb la proteïna verda fluorescent com a marcadora, seleccionàrem la proteïna P1b del ipomovirus Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV). Els nostres resultats amb línies cel·lulars de pastanaga sobreexpressores de l'IGF1 o el seu pèptid derivat CPP-IGF1 (variant dissenyada per a millorar la seva penetració en cèl·lules humanes) mostraren que en combinació amb P1b s'arribava a rendiments de producció 4 vegades majors que les línies sense el supressor del silenciament. A més, els pèptids foren dirigits al medi de cultiu per facilitar el seu aïllament mitjançant una simple clarificació. En assajos d'activitat, les fraccions obtingudes confirmaren ser capaces d'incrementar la divisió de fibroblasts humans. En relació amb l'estabilitat de la producció, s'observà una reducció propera al 33% després de vint-i-un cicles de propagació successius, per la qual cosa s'implementà la criopreservació de les línies transgèniques per mantenir els rendiments de producció originals, i així establir bancs cel·lulars per usos futurs. Alhora, es desenvolupà un sistema de producció transitòria de l'IGF1 i el CPP-IGF1 en fulles de N. benthamiana utilitzant un vector derivat del virus del mosaic del tabac, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Aquest sistema va permetre reduir el temps d'obtenció del pèptid actiu, encara que en comparació amb la producció a les línies cel·lulars l'obtenció del producte no fou tan senzilla. Per tal de facilitar la purificació de l'IGF1 a partir de les matrius vegetals, aplicàrem una estratègia innovadora basada en fusions a oleosina per dirigir la producció a cossos lipídics. Aquesta tecnologia ja havia estat utilitzada en llavors, però no en cultius cel·lulars i escassament en fulles. Les nostres observacions mostraren la presència d'abundants cossos lipídics en nombrosos cultius cel·lulars incloent-hi els de D. carota amb l'excepció de les dues espècies model analitzades, Nicotiana tabacum i Arabidopsis thaliana. Desafortunadament, l'expressió estable de fusions a l'oleosina sembla que va afectar greument al creixement dels calls cel·lulars, pel que s'exploraren alternatives de la seva aplicació a la producció en fulles. Per tal d'augmentar la quantitat de cossos lipídics, la producció de les fusions a l'oleosina es realitzà simultàniament amb la d'inductors de l'acumulació de triacilglicerols utilitzant elements clau de la seva ruta biosintètica en A. thaliana: l'enzim DGAT1 i el factor de transcripció WRI1. Quan ambdós inductors foren co-expressats en combinació amb fusions a oleosina i l'IGF1 en plantes de N. benthamiana, es va obtenir fins 1 μg/g d'IGF1 unit als cossos lipídics, fàcilment aïllable i actiu. El nostre treball proporciona evidències que la utilització de supressors del silenciament de l'ARN, els vectors virals i la tecnologia de les oleosines contribueixen al potencial de les matrius vegetals per a la producció de proteïnes d'interès.
La producción de proteínas recombinantes en plantas representa una oportunidad para su obtención y uso comercial. El objetivo principal de esta tesis industrial ha sido el desarrollo de sistemas vegetales de producción de proteínas, eficientes y competitivos a nivel económico, con posibilidades de llevarlas al mercado. Para ello hemos explorado dos sistemas: los cultivos celulares de Daucus carota y las hojas de Nicotiana benthamiana, cada uno con sus ventajas y limitaciones. Como prueba de concepto, ambos sistemas fueron utilizados para la producción de “'insulin-like growth factor 1” (IGF1), un péptido de alto valor añadido para las industrias cosmética y farmacéutica. Se ensayaron varias estrategias innovadoras para mejorar los rendimientos de producción aumentando la expresión génica y para reducir costes de purificación del producto. Además, la actividad biológica de IGF1 y sus derivados producidos en plantas se evaluó en comparación con péptidos sintéticos. Como primera estrategia se ensayaron supresores del silenciamiento de ARN de origen viral para incrementar la expresión génica. En ensayos de expresión transitoria con la proteína verde fluorescente como marcadora, seleccionamos la proteína P1b del ipomovirus Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV). Nuestros resultados con líneas celulares de zanahoria sobreexpresoras de IGF1 o su péptido derivado CPP-IGF1 (variante diseñada para mejorar su penetración en células humanas) mostraron que en combinación con P1b alcanzaban rendimientos de producción 4 veces mayores que las líneas sin el supresor del silencing. Además, los péptidos fueron dirigidos al medio de cultivo para facilitar su aislamiento por simple clarificación. En ensayos de actividad, las fracciones obtenidas confirmaron ser capaces de incrementar la división de fibroblastos humanos. En relación a la estabilidad de la producción, se observó una reducción cercana al 33% después de veintiún ciclos de propagación sucesivos, por lo que se implementó la criopreservación de las líneas transgénicas para mantener los rendimientos de producción originales, y así establecer bancos de líneas celulares para usos futuros. También se desarrolló un sistema de producción transitoria de IGF1 y CPP-IGF1 en hojas de N. benthamiana utilizando un vector derivado del virus del mosaico del tabaco, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Este sistema permitió reducir el tiempo de obtención del péptido activo, aunque en comparación con la producción en líneas celulares la obtención del producto no fue tan sencilla. Con el fin de facilitar la purificación de IGF1 desde matrices vegetales, aplicamos una estrategia innovadora basada en fusiones a oleosina para dirigir la producción a cuerpos lipídicos. Esta tecnología ya había sido utilizada en semillas, pero no en cultivos celulares, y escasamente en hojas. Nuestras observaciones mostraron la presencia de abundantes cuerpos lipídicos en numerosos cultivos celulares, incluyendo los de D. carota, con la excepción de las dos especies modelo analizadas, Nicotiana tabacum y Arabidopsis thaliana. Desafortunadamente, la expresión estable de fusiones a oleosina pareció afectar gravemente el crecimiento de los callos celulares, por lo que se exploró la alternativa de su aplicación a la producción en hojas. Para aumentar la cantidad de cuerpos lipídicos, la producción de las fusiones a oleosina se realizó simultáneamente con inductores de la acumulación de triacilgliceroles, usando elementos clave de su ruta biosintética en A. thaliana: la enzima DGAT1 y el factor de transcripción WRI1. Cuando ambos inductores fueron co-expresados en combinación con fusiones de oleosina e IGF1 en plantas de N. benthamiana, se obtuvo hasta 1 μg/g de IGF1 unida a los cuerpos lipídicos, fácilmente aislable y activo. Nuestro trabajo proporciona evidencias de que la utilización de supresores del silenciamiento de ARN, los vectores virales y la tecnología de oleosinas contribuyen al potencial de las matrices vegetales para la producción de proteínas de interés.
The production of proteins in plant cell cultures and whole plants represents great opportunities to develop products for commercial use. The main objective of this industrial thesis was to develop economic and efficient plant production systems to bring proteins of interest to the market. We explored two different systems, Daucus carota cell cultures and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, each having advantages and drawbacks depending on the intended use of the products. As a proof of concept, both systems were applied in the production of the human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a high value peptide for the cosmetic and therapeutic industries. Innovative strategies to enhance gene expression and to facilitate product purification were used to improve yields and to reduce costs. Moreover, the biological activity of the produced IGF1 and derivatives was evaluated and compared to the chemically synthesized peptides to demonstrate the usefulness of production systems. Our first approach to enhance gene expression and improve peptide yields was with RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs). Using transient expression assays and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as reporter, we selected the P1b from the Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) Ipomovirus as the RSSs to enhance gene expression in carrot cell cultures. Our results demonstrated that transgenic lines overexpressing IGF1 or the derivative CPP-IGF1 (a variant tailored to enhance the delivery to human cells) reached up to 4-fold higher peptide yields in combination with P1b than without. The IGF1 or CPP-IGF1 was targeted to the culture media being easily purified by simple clarification of suspensions. Moreover, we found that the media containing the produced IGF1 or CPP-IGF1 stimulated the division of human fibroblasts. A cryopreservation process was applied to the transgenic lines to avoid the reduction in peptide production found over successive propagation cycles. This allowed us to recover the original yields, opening up the possibility of establishing master cell banks. We also developed a transient production system of IGF1 and CPP-IGF1 using N. benthamiana leaves and a derived tobacco mosaic virus vector. This system resulted in similar yields of active peptides to cell cultures with the main advantage of shortening production times, although requiring more complex downstream purification. Our innovative strategy to facilitate the purification of IGF1 from plant matrices was the use of oleosin fusion technology for lipid droplet (LDs) targeting. This technology has been previously used in LD-rich seeds, but unexplored in plant cell cultures or LD-poor tissues such as leaves. Our work showed that model cell cultures from Nicotiana tabacum or Arabidopsis thaliana were an exception, as many other plant cell cultures, including D. carota cells, do contain a large number of LDs and are susceptible to produce oleosin fusion proteins. However, as the stable expression of oleosin fusions severely affected callus cell growth, we tested the technology in transient expression in leaves. Due to the low level of LDs in leaves, oleosin fusion proteins production was in combination with triacylglycerol (TAG) induction to increase LD content simultaneously. For this purpose, key components of the TAG biosynthetic pathway, A. thaliana derived elements such as the enzyme DGAT1 and the regulatory factor WRI1 were co-expressed with the IGF1 oleosin fusion proteins in N. benthamiana leaves. Using this strategy, we obtained yields up to 1 μg/g of IGF1 bound to LDs, easily purified and fully active. Our work provides evidence of the potential of plant matrices to produce valuable peptides. Also, the oleosin technology, the use of RSSs and viral vectors explored will serve to overcome some of the known limitations of plant systems to produce active products of industrial interest.
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Peron, Yannick L. "Mixing of immobilised cells in bioreactors." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286090.

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Shu, Chin-Hang. "Multiphase bioreactors for recombinant yeast fermentation /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487780865408922.

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Rokstad, Anne Mari Aukan. "Alginate capsules as bioreactors for cell therapy." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1535.

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Books on the topic "Bioreactors"

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Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik, ed. Bioreactors. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.

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Eibl, Regine, and Dieter Eibl, eds. Disposable Bioreactors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01872-5.

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Chisti, M. Y. Airlift bioreactors. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1989.

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Eibl, Regine, and Dieter Eibl. Disposable bioreactors. Berlin: Springer, 2009.

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Water Environment Federation. Energy Conservation in Water and Wastewater Treatment Facilities Task Force. Membrane bioreactors. Alexandria, Va: WEF Press, 2012.

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Higgins, James, Al Mattes, William Stiebel, and Brent Wootton. Eco-Engineered Bioreactors. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2018.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315166810.

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Eibl, Dieter, and Regine Eibl, eds. Disposable Bioreactors II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45158-4.

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1950-, Ho Chester S., and Wang, Daniel I. C. 1936-, eds. Animal cell bioreactors. Boston, Mass: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991.

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W, Moody G., Baker P. B, National Engineering Laboratory (Great Britain), and International Conference on Bioreactors and Biotransformations (1987 : Glen Eagles, Scotland), eds. Bioreactors and biotransformations. London: Published on behalf of the National Engineering Laboratory by Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, 1987.

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1950, Ho Chester S., and Wang Daniel I.-chyau 1936-, eds. Animal cell bioreactors. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bioreactors"

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Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik. "Challenges for Bioreactor Design and Operation." In Bioreactors, 1–34. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch1.

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Rathore, Anurag S., Lalita Kanwar Shekhawat, and Varun Loomba. "Computational Fluid Dynamics for Bioreactor Design." In Bioreactors, 295–322. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch10.

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Neubauer, Peter, and Stefan Junne. "Scale-Up and Scale-Down Methodologies for Bioreactors." In Bioreactors, 323–54. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch11.

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Velayudhan, Ajoy, and Nigel Titchener-Hooker. "Integration of Bioreactors with Downstream Steps." In Bioreactors, 355–68. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch12.

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Glassey, Jarka. "Multivariate Modeling for Bioreactor Monitoring and Control." In Bioreactors, 369–90. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch13.

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Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik, and Robert Gustavsson. "Soft Sensor Design for Bioreactor Monitoring and Control." In Bioreactors, 391–420. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch14.

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Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik. "Design-of-Experiments for Development and Optimization of Bioreactor Media." In Bioreactors, 421–52. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch15.

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Hass, Volker C. "Operator Training Simulators for Bioreactors." In Bioreactors, 453–86. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch16.

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Lattermann, Clemens, and Jochen Büchs. "Design and Operation of Microbioreactor Systems for Screening and Process Development." In Bioreactors, 35–76. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch2.

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van Noort, Danny. "Bioreactors on a Chip." In Bioreactors, 77–112. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683369.ch3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bioreactors"

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Neitzel, G. Paul, Robert M. Nerem, Athanassios Sambanis, Marc K. Smith, Timothy M. Wick, Jason B. Brown, Christopher Hunter, et al. "Effect of Fluid-Mechanical and Chemical Environments on Cell Function and Tissue Growth: Experimental and Modeling Studies." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0794.

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Abstract Bioreactors are widely used for the growth and maintenance of tissue-engineered constructs. In this paper, we report on work directed toward a better understanding of the chemical and fluid-mechanical environments that are needed to enhance cell function and tissue growth in bioreactors. We have conducted cell-growth studies in well-controlled flow conditions that indicate the effect of shear stress and oxygen tension on cellular function. In more complicated bioreactors, like the NASA rotating-wall vessel bioreactor, we have done experimental and numerical fluid-mechanical studies that quantify the velocity and shear-rate fields near a three-dimensional construct suspended by the flow inside the bioreactor. All of these results will be used to develop the tools needed to properly design and operate bioreactors for the optimal growth of tissue substitutes.
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Van Dyke, W. Scott, Eric Nauman, and Ozan Akkus. "A Novel Mechanical Bioreactor System Allowing Simultaneous Strain and Fluid Shear Stress on Cell Monolayers." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53595.

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The causes, mechanisms, and biology of bone adaptation have been under intense investigation ever since Julius Wolff proposed that bone architecture is determined by mathematical laws as a result of mechanical loading. How bone responds to mechanical loads by converting the mechanical signals into chemical signals is known as mechanotransduction. The in vivo environment of bone is complex, and most studies of cell-level phenomena have relied on the use of in vitro experiments using mechanical bioreactors. The main types of bioreactors are fluid flow shear stress, tensile and/or compressive strain, and hydrostatic pressure [1–2]. Of these bioreactors, the most intuitive mechanical stimulus for bone would be the tensile and compressive strain bioreactors. However, many researchers now claim that shear stress via interstitial fluid flow in the lacunar-canalicular porosity is the primary mechanosensory stimulus [3]. A handful of studies have attempted to compare the effects of both of these mechanical stimuli on osteoblasts, but these studies are lacking in two respects [4–6]. First, if both fluid flow and strain are performed in the same bioreactor, the magnitude of one loading mode is explicitly determined through constitutive equations, while the other is only estimated. Second, if the magnitudes of the loading modes are able to be explicitly determined they are performed in different bioreactors, providing the cells different extracellular environments. Therefore, a highly controllable dual-loading mode mechanical bioreactor, as described and characterized in this study, is a necessary tool to further understand the mechanotransduction of bone.
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Bertrand, Robert S., Emmanuel Revellame, Lisa Stephanie Dizon, Kristel Gatdula, and Remil Aguda. "Measurement of Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient in Lab-scale Stirred Tank Reactors: Is There a Point of Diminishing Returns for Impeller Speed and Gas Flowrate?" In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/zrrh2541.

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The transfer of species from gas to liquid across the phase interface is generally regarded as the greatest challenge and limitation in bioreactor design and operation. This is true for both oxygen and other gases used in bioreactors, such as methane. In this study, the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient was observed for a bioreactor at various sparger flowrates and impeller rotational speeds. Specifically targeted was a point at which increasing the impeller speed or gas flowrate resulted in reduced returns on the observed value of the transfer coefficient. This was to be expected, but much greater influence was observed for impeller speed than there was for gas flowrate. At impeller speeds of 600 rpm, quadrupling the gas flowrate from 2.5L/min to 10L/min only resulted in an increase of approximately 40%. At 0 rpm, the quadrupling of the gas flowrate resulted in a nearly quadrupled kLa value, indicating that at no agitation, the gas flowrate is closely tied to the kLa of the bioreactor, if much lower than under agitation. The study thus concludes that the kLa in these bioreactors is nearly directly influenced by gas inlet flowrate under tranquil conditions, but when agitation is present, it is a much more determining factor for kLa than gas inlet flowrate. This is likely due to the ability of the impeller to break up large bubbles introduced by the sparger to increase the area available for mass transfer. This may be used in experiments involving bioreactors to save on gas costs and more appropriately select a rotational speed to target certain bioreactor output parameters.
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Ferrar, Joseph, Philip Maun, Kenneth Wunch, Joseph Moore, Jana Rajan, Jon Raymond, Ethan Solomon, and Matheus Paschoalino. "High Pressure, High Temperature Bioreactors as a Biocide Selection Tool for Hydraulically Fractured Reservoirs." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204198-ms.

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Abstract We report the design, operation and biogenic souring data from a first-of-its kind suite of High Pressure, High Temperature (HPHT) Bioreactors for hydraulically fractured shale reservoirs. These bioreactors vet the ability of microbial control technologies, such as biocides, to prevent the onset of microbial contamination and reservoir souring at larger experimental volumes and higher pressures and temperatures than have been previously possible outside of field trials. The bioreactors were charged with proppant, crushed Permian shale, and sterile simulated fracturing fluids (SSFF). Subsets of bioreactors were charged with SSFF dosed with either no biocide, tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride (TTPC, a cationic surface-active biocide), or 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine (DMO, a preservative biocide). The bioreactors were shut in under 1,000-2,500 psi and elevated temperatures for up to fifteen weeks; hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and microbial counts were measured approximately once per week, and additional microbes were introduced after weeks three and five. Across two separate studies, the bioreactors containing no biocide soured within the first week of shut-in and H2S concentrations increased rapidly beyond the maximum detectable level (343 ppm) within the first three to six weeks of shut-in. In the first study, the bioreactors treated with TTPC soured within two weeks of shut-in (prior to the first addition of fresh microbes), and H2S concentrations increased rapidly to nearly 200 ppm H2S within the first six weeks of shut-in and beyond the maximum detectable level after fifteen weeks of shut-in. The bioreactors containing DMO did not sour during either study until at least the first addition of fresh microbes, and higher levels of the preservative biocide continued to prevent the biogenic formation of H2S even during and after the addition of fresh microbes. Microbial counts correlate with the H2S readings across all bioreactor treatments. The differentiation in antimicrobial activity afforded by the different types of biocide treatments validates the use of these simulated laboratory reservoirs as a biocide selection tool. This first-of-its-kind suite of HPHT Bioreactors for hydraulic fracturing provides the most advanced biocide selection tool developed for the hydraulic fracturing industry to date. The bioreactors will guide completions and stimulation engineers in biocide program optimization under reservoir-relevant conditions prior to beginning lengthy and expensive field trials.
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Straume, Indulis, Imants Plume, Vilis Dubrovskis, Viktors Dreimanis, and Eriks Zukovskis. "Biogas potential from co-fermentation of food leftovers and lignocellulosic biomass at mesophilic temperatures." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf081.

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Every year, large amounts of food leftovers are thrown away in catering establishments and households. Industry and agriculture produce lignocellulosic residues, including paper dust and willow biomass, which cause environmental problems if not properly disposed of. The aim of this study is to investigate the biogas and biomethane yields of these biomasses during anaerobic co-fermentation under mesophilic conditions. Biogas yields were determined by co-fermentation of food (hospital canteen, cafeteria, and household) residues and lignocellulosic (paper dust and shredded willow) biomass in a number of 0.72 L bioreactors. All bioreactors were divided into groups having the same content in reactors within each group to ensure the reliability of the results. Groups of bioreactors used for anaerobic fermentation were inoculums (0.5 L) only, inoculums with individual biomass, and inoculums with mixture of two or more biomass. Bioreactors were placed in three different thermostats with 16 bioreactors in each thermostat. Single fill batch anaerobic fermentation (AF) process was provided at 28, 33 and 38 °C. Individual reactor groups were equipped with graphite electrodes connected to DC voltage of 0.7 V. The biogas released in the bioreactor was collected into a gas bag outside the reactor. AF was maintained until gas emission ceased. The highest biogas yield in the AF process was obtained from the bioreactors at a temperature of 38 °C and the lowest at a temperature of 28 °C. Co-fermentation of biomass increased biogas and methane yields compared to AF treatment of individual biomasses. Exposure to the electric field decreased the methane yield. The energy balance on the AF process with the application of the electric field should be calculated by considering also the energy of hydrogen released from substrates with electrodes installed.
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Nwaigwe, Kevin N., Nnamdi V. Ogueke, Chibuike Ononogbo, and Emmanuel E. Anyanwu. "Performance Study of Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Municipal Waste in Upflow Bioreactor With Central Substrate Dispenser." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64064.

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A performance study of anaerobic digestion of organic municipal waste in upflow bioreactor with central substrate dispenser is presented. The experimental rig is based on an integrated system of bioreactors consisting of Upflow Bioreactor (UB), Upflow Bioreactor with Central Subtrate Dispenser (UBCSD), and Continous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) each having internal volume of 76 litres, 64.8 litres, and 76 litres respectively. The scheme is used for minimizing the mixing and fouling problems associated with some conventional bioreactors during digestion reaction. Organic municipal waste (OMW) was used to prepare the slurry for the reactors. Microbial reaction was enhanced during operation using a measured quantity (2kg) of substances from the rumen of a newly slaughtered cow. The experimentation from feeder tank to Bioreactors was carried out for a period of 10-days Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) at 37°C. Effects of some basic parameters affecting anaerobic digestion in terms of biogas production and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction were carried out. They include substrate temperature, minimal average temperature, changes in temperature, substrate content and properties, available nutrient, retention time, organic loading rate, pH level, nitrogen inhibition and C/N ratio, substrate agitation, and inhibitory factors. Results showed that UBSCD generated the highest level of Biogas yield of up to 52915 ml, while UB and CSTR yielded 23550ml and 28980ml respectively. Similarly for COD removal, 24343 mg/l, 5775.4 mg/l, and 23155 mg/l were achieved for UBCSD, UB and CSTR respectively from an initial value of 120,320 mg/l. These results show that the use of UBCSD better enhances biofuel production from organic municipal waste.
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Cruel, Magali, Morad Bensidhoum, Laure Sudre, Guillaume Puel, Virginie Dumas, and Thierry Hoc. "Study of the Effect of Mechanical Loading on Cell Cultures in Bone Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82989.

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Bone tissue engineering currently represents one of the most interesting alternatives to autologous transplants and their drawbacks in the treatment of large bone defects. Mesenchymal stem cells are used to build new bone in vitro in a bioreactor. Their stimulation and our understanding of the mechanisms of mechanotransduction need to be improved in order to optimize the design of bioreactors. In this study, several geometries of bioreactor were analyzed experimentally and biological results were linked with numerical simulations of the flow inside the bioreactor. These results will constitute a base for an improved design of the existing bioreactor.
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Sabliy, Larisa, Veronika Zhukova, and Lyubov Kika. "Effective Biological Treatment of Tannery Wastewater from Nitrogen Compounds." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.ii.22.

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Even after using physico-chemical and biological methods, tannery wastewater still contains a large amount of nitrogen compounds, which reaches 90 mg/dm3. The ingress of such wastewater into natural reservoirs leads to eutrophication. The goal is to determine the efficiency of nitrogen compounds removal during sequential wastewater treatment in anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic bioreactors with immobilized microorganisms. For the study, wastewater from a tannery, collected after cleaning in aeration tanks, was used. Model solutions with a concentration of 18.4 - 90 mg/ dm3 were obtained by dilution. 5 sequential bioreactors were used - anaerobic (2 stages), anoxic (2 stages) and aerobic (1 stage) with a capacity of 125 ml/h. Microorganisms were immobilized in each bioreactor on artificial carrier. The effects of organic nitrogen removal in anaerobic bioreactors were 58-66%, anoxic 51-70%, aerobic 57, 5%. A decrease in the concentration of nitrogen compounds occurs as a result of the formation of N2, NH3 gases and the use of nitrogen by microorganisms for biomass growth. It is proposed that sequential treatment of tannery wastewater in anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic conditions with immobilized microorganisms made it possible to obtain a high degree of nitrogen removal. The method does not require chemical materials and is ecological.
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Kadic, Enes, and Theodore J. Heindel. "Hydrodynamic Considerations in Bioreactor Selection and Design." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30367.

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The biological production of renewable fuels and chemicals, medicines, and proteins is not possible without a properly functioning bioreactor. Bioreactors are expected to meet several basic requirements and create conditions favorable to the biological material such that the desired production is maximized. The basic requirements, which are strongly influenced by fluid mechanic principles, may include minimum damage to the biological material, maximum reactor volume utilization, optimized gas-liquid mass transfer, and/or enhanced mass transfer from the liquid to the biological species. Each of these goals may be achieved within any of the major bioreactor designs, which generally fall under the categories of stirred tank, bubble column, or airlift bioreactor. Yet, each of the bioreactor designs has strengths and weaknesses. This paper provides an overview of bioreactor hydrodynamic developments and the fluid mechanic issues that should to be considered when selecting a bioreactor for experimental and production purposes.
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Syedain, Zeeshan H., and Robert T. Tranquillo. "A Novel Bioreactor for Tissue Engineered Heart Valves Based on Controlled Cyclic Stretching." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206751.

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The tissue-engineered heart valve (TEHV) is considered a promising alternative for valve replacement, especially in pediatric patients. To date, most TEHVs have been cultured in pulse-flow bioreactors to generate mechanical loads and deformations leading to tissue growth (1, 2). Our approach has been to apply controlled mechanical stretching to induce tissue growth (3). In this study, a novel controlled cyclic stretch bioreactor is presented to enhance functional properties of TEHVs.
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Reports on the topic "Bioreactors"

1

Maxwell, Bryan, Francois Birgand, Caleb Ray, and Matt Helmers. Monitoring Bioreactors Using Improved Techniques. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1996.

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Kendall, Edward. Bioreactors: Design, Background, and Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1887112.

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Lagasse, Eric. Ovarian Cancer, Stem Cells, and Bioreactors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada517343.

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Savage, David. Engineering self-assembled bioreactors from protein microcompartments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1328679.

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Ruelas, Samantha. Methanotroph Immobilization in Polymeric Bioreactors to Increase Mass Transfer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1476187.

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Jaroch, David, Eric McLamore, Wen Zhang, Jin Shi, Jay Garland, M. K. Banks, D. M. Porterfield, and Jenna L. Rickus. Silica Entrapment of Biofilms in Membrane Bioreactors for Water Regeneration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585275.

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Hoover, Natasha L., and Michelle L. Soupir. Experimental Tile Drainage Denitrification Bioreactors: Pilot-Scale System for Replicated Field Research. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1738.

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Parra-Alvarez, Milo, Malik Hassanaly, Mohammad Rahimi, and Hariswaran Sitaraman. Multiphysics Computational Fluid Dynamics for Design and Scale-Up of CO2/Syngas Bioreactors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2274814.

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Breewood, Helen, and Tara Garnett. Meat, metrics and mindsets: Exploring debates on the role of livestock and alternatives in diets and farming. TABLE, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/2caf9b92.

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Should we eat meat, eggs, dairy and other animal-sourced foods? If so, how should we produce them and how much should we eat? If not, what should we eat instead? These are just some of the more contentious debates about the future of food systems. This short briefing paper summarises some of the key debates about livestock and its alternatives and describes both the arguments and the evidence underpinning different points of view. We look both at foodstuffs (meat, fish, plants and new foods based on cells grown in bioreactors) and farming methods (both intensive and extensive) with regards to discussions about their environmental, health and social impacts. In so doing, we explore the assumptions and values that often lead stakeholders to differing conclusions about what a sustainable food system looks like.
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Donaldson, T. L., G. W. Strandberg, and R. M. Worden. Fixed-film, fluidized-bed bioreactors for biooxidation of coal conversion wastewaters. Progress report, October 1, 1984-September 30, 1985. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5953994.

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