Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bioreactor applications

Academic literature on the topic 'Bioreactor applications'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bioreactor applications"

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Ghosh, Subhrojyoti, Nainika Srivastava, Shreya Jha, and Nandan Kumar Jana. "Spinner Flask Bioreactor in Tissue Engineering." YMER Digital 21, no. 06 (June 20, 2022): 611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.06/61.

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Spinner Flask Bioreactors are usually made up of glass or plastic vessel which have been widely used in Tissue Engineering from production of articular cartilage to production of osteoblast cells that help in bone regeneration. Cartilage grown in spinner flask bioreactors had more cells and less GAG than the other types of bioreactors in tissue engineering. In recent years, these bioreactors have also been used for the invitro cultivation of human tenocytes and MSCs. In this type of bioreactor, the cell/scaffold constructs are connected to vertical needles striking from pinnacle of the vessel and immersed inside the culture medium. The pinnacle or the top part of this bioreactor is used for gas exchange and medium oxygenation. Mixing of the medium is maintained with a stir bar at the lowest of the vessel or different blending mechanisms. Spinner Flask Bioreactors have grabbed increased attention in recent years due to its wide range of Tissue Engineering applications. In this review, we have tried to explore the different domains where these bioreactors have found enhanced applications. Keywords: Spin Flask Bioreactor Tissue Engineering, Cell Seeding, Bone Tissue Engineering, Articular Cartilage
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Malhotra, Neeraj. "Bioreactors Design, Types, Influencing Factors and Potential Application in Dentistry. A Literature Review." Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 14, no. 4 (May 23, 2019): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574888x14666190111105504.

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Objectives:A variety of bioreactors and related approaches have been applied to dental tissues as their use has become more essential in the field of regenerative dentistry and dental tissue engineering. The review discusses the various types of bioreactors and their potential application in dentistry.Methods:Review of the literature was conducted using keywords (and MeSH) like Bioreactor, Regenerative Dentistry, Fourth Factor, Stem Cells, etc., from the journals published in English. All the searched abstracts, published in indexed journals were read and reviewed to further refine the list of included articles. Based on the relevance of abstracts pertaining to the manuscript, full-text articles were assessed.Results:Bioreactors provide a prerequisite platform to create, test, and validate the biomaterials and techniques proposed for dental tissue regeneration. Flow perfusion, rotational, spinner-flask, strain and customize-combined bioreactors have been applied for the regeneration of bone, periodontal ligament, gingiva, cementum, oral mucosa, temporomandibular joint and vascular tissues. Customized bioreactors can support cellular/biofilm growth as well as apply cyclic loading. Center of disease control & dip-flow biofilm-reactors and micro-bioreactor have been used to evaluate the biological properties of dental biomaterials, their performance assessment and interaction with biofilms. Few case reports have also applied the concept of in vivo bioreactor for the repair of musculoskeletal defects and used customdesigned bioreactor (Aastrom) to repair the defects of cleft-palate.Conclusions:Bioreactors provide a sterile simulated environment to support cellular differentiation for oro-dental regenerative applications. Also, bioreactors like, customized bioreactors for cyclic loading, biofilm reactors (CDC & drip-flow), and micro-bioreactor, can assess biological responses of dental biomaterials by simultaneously supporting cellular or biofilm growth and application of cyclic stresses.
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Castro, Nelson, Margarida M. Fernandes, Clarisse Ribeiro, Vítor Correia, Rikardo Minguez, and Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez. "Magnetic Bioreactor for Magneto-, Mechano- and Electroactive Tissue Engineering Strategies." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 3340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123340.

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Biomimetic bioreactor systems are increasingly being developed for tissue engineering applications, due to their ability to recreate the native cell/tissue microenvironment. Regarding bone-related diseases and considering the piezoelectric nature of bone, piezoelectric scaffolds electromechanically stimulated by a bioreactor, providing the stimuli to the cells, allows a biomimetic approach and thus, mimicking the required microenvironment for effective growth and differentiation of bone cells. In this work, a bioreactor has been designed and built allowing to magnetically stimulate magnetoelectric scaffolds and therefore provide mechanical and electrical stimuli to the cells through magnetomechanical or magnetoelectrical effects, depending on the piezoelectric nature of the scaffold. While mechanical bioreactors need direct application of the stimuli on the scaffolds, the herein proposed magnetic bioreactors allow for a remote stimulation without direct contact with the material. Thus, the stimuli application (23 mT at a frequency of 0.3 Hz) to cells seeded on the magnetoelectric, leads to an increase in cell viability of almost 30% with respect to cell culture under static conditions. This could be valuable to mimic what occurs in the human body and for application in immobilized patients. Thus, special emphasis has been placed on the control, design and modeling parameters governing the bioreactor as well as its functional mechanism.
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Catapano, Gerardo, Juliane K. Unger, Elisabetta M. Zanetti, Gionata Fragomeni, and Jörg C. Gerlach. "Kinetic Analysis of Lidocaine Elimination by Pig Liver Cells Cultured in 3D Multi-Compartment Hollow Fiber Membrane Network Perfusion Bioreactors." Bioengineering 8, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8080104.

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Liver cells cultured in 3D bioreactors is an interesting option for temporary extracorporeal liver support in the treatment of acute liver failure and for animal models for preclinical drug screening. Bioreactor capacity to eliminate drugs is generally used for assessing cell metabolic competence in different bioreactors or to scale-up bioreactor design and performance for clinical or preclinical applications. However, drug adsorption and physical transport often disguise the intrinsic drug biotransformation kinetics and cell metabolic state. In this study, we characterized the intrinsic kinetics of lidocaine elimination and adsorption by porcine liver cells cultured in 3D four-compartment hollow fiber membrane network perfusion bioreactors. Models of lidocaine transport and biotransformation were used to extract intrinsic kinetic information from response to lidocaine bolus of bioreactor versus adhesion cultures. Different from 2D adhesion cultures, cells in the bioreactors are organized in liver-like aggregates. Adsorption on bioreactor constituents significantly affected lidocaine elimination and was effectively accounted for in kinetic analysis. Lidocaine elimination and cellular monoethylglicinexylidide biotransformation featured first-order kinetics with near-to-in vivo cell-specific capacity that was retained for times suitable for clinical assist and drug screening. Different from 2D cultures, cells in the 3D bioreactors challenged with lidocaine were exposed to close-to-physiological lidocaine and monoethylglicinexylidide concentration profiles. Kinetic analysis suggests bioreactor technology feasibility for preclinical drug screening and patient assist and that drug adsorption should be accounted for to assess cell state in different cultures and when laboratory bioreactor design and performance is scaled-up to clinical use or toxicological drug screening.
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Wang, Roy Chih Chung, David A. Campbell, James R. Green, and Miroslava Čuperlović-Culf. "Automatic 1D 1H NMR Metabolite Quantification for Bioreactor Monitoring." Metabolites 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11030157.

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High-throughput metabolomics can be used to optimize cell growth for enhanced production or for monitoring cell health in bioreactors. It has applications in cell and gene therapies, vaccines, biologics, and bioprocessing. NMR metabolomics is a method that allows for fast and reliable experimentation, requires only minimal sample preparation, and can be set up to take online measurements of cell media for bioreactor monitoring. This type of application requires a fully automated metabolite quantification method that can be linked with high-throughput measurements. In this review, we discuss the quantifier requirements in this type of application, the existing methods for NMR metabolomics quantification, and the performance of three existing quantifiers in the context of NMR metabolomics for bioreactor monitoring.
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Christianson, Laura E., Richard A. Cooke, Christopher H. Hay, Matthew J. Helmers, Gary W. Feyereisen, Andry Z. Ranaivoson, John T. McMaine, et al. "Effectiveness of Denitrifying Bioreactors on Water Pollutant Reduction from Agricultural Areas." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 2 (2021): 641–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14011.

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HighlightsDenitrifying woodchip bioreactors treat nitrate-N in a variety of applications and geographies.This review focuses on subsurface drainage bioreactors and bed-style designs (including in-ditch).Monitoring and reporting recommendations are provided to advance bioreactor science and engineering.Abstract. Denitrifying bioreactors enhance the natural process of denitrification in a practical way to treat nitrate-nitrogen (N) in a variety of N-laden water matrices. The design and construction of bioreactors for treatment of subsurface drainage in the U.S. is guided by USDA-NRCS Conservation Practice Standard 605. This review consolidates the state of the science for denitrifying bioreactors using case studies from across the globe with an emphasis on full-size bioreactor nitrate-N removal and cost-effectiveness. The focus is on bed-style bioreactors (including in-ditch modifications), although there is mention of denitrifying walls, which broaden the applicability of bioreactor technology in some areas. Subsurface drainage denitrifying bioreactors have been assessed as removing 20% to 40% of annual nitrate-N loss in the Midwest, and an evaluation across the peer-reviewed literature published over the past three years showed that bioreactors around the world have been generally consistent with that (N load reduction median: 46%; mean ±SD: 40% ±26%; n = 15). Reported N removal rates were on the order of 5.1 g N m-3 d-1 (median; mean ±SD: 7.2 ±9.6 g N m-3 d-1; n = 27). Subsurface drainage bioreactor installation costs have ranged from less than $5,000 to $27,000, with estimated cost efficiencies ranging from less than $2.50 kg-1 N year-1 to roughly $20 kg-1 N year-1 (although they can be as high as $48 kg-1 N year-1). A suggested monitoring setup is described primarily for the context of conservation practitioners and watershed groups for assessing annual nitrate-N load removal performance of subsurface drainage denitrifying bioreactors. Recommended minimum reporting measures for assessing and comparing annual N removal performance include: bioreactor dimensions and installation date; fill media size, porosity, and type; nitrate-N concentrations and water temperatures; bioreactor flow treatment details; basic drainage system and bioreactor design characteristics; and N removal rate and efficiency. Keywords: Groundwater, Nitrate, Nonpoint-source pollution, Subsurface drainage, Tile.
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Kuyukina, Maria S., Anastasiya V. Krivoruchko, and Irena B. Ivshina. "Advanced Bioreactor Treatments of Hydrocarbon-Containing Wastewater." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030831.

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This review discusses bioreactor-based methods for industrial hydrocarbon-containing wastewater treatment using different (e.g., stirred-tank, membrane, packed-bed and fluidized-bed) constructions. Aerobic, anaerobic and hybrid bioreactors are becoming increasingly popular in the field of oily wastewater treatment, while high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons usually require physico-chemical pre-treatments. Most efficient bioreactor techniques employ immobilized cultures of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, either defined consortia or mixed natural populations. Some advantages of fluidized-bed bioreactors over other types of reactors are shown, such as large biofilm–liquid interfacial area, high immobilized biomass concentration and improved mass transfer characteristics. Several limitations, including low nutrient content and the presence of heavy metals or toxicants, as well as fouling and contamination with nuisance microorganisms, can be overcome using effective inocula and advanced bioreactor designs. The examples of laboratory studies and few successful pilot/full-scale applications are given relating to the biotreatment of oilfield wastewater, fuel-contaminated water and refinery effluents.
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Altmann, Brigitte, Christoph Grün, Cordula Nies, and Eric Gottwald. "Advanced 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Micro-Bioreactors, Part II: Systems and Applications." Processes 9, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010021.

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In this second part of our systematic review on the research area of 3D cell culture in micro-bioreactors we give a detailed description of the published work with regard to the existing micro-bioreactor types and their applications, and highlight important results gathered with the respective systems. As an interesting detail, we found that micro-bioreactors have already been used in SARS-CoV research prior to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. As our literature research revealed a variety of 3D cell culture configurations in the examined bioreactor systems, we defined in review part one “complexity levels” by means of the corresponding 3D cell culture techniques applied in the systems. The definition of the complexity is thereby based on the knowledge that the spatial distribution of cell-extracellular matrix interactions and the spatial distribution of homologous and heterologous cell–cell contacts play an important role in modulating cell functions. Because at least one of these parameters can be assigned to the 3D cell culture techniques discussed in the present review, we structured the studies according to the complexity levels applied in the MBR systems.
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Mucha, Zbigniew, Włodzimierz Wójcik, and Michał Polus. "Brief review of operation of anaerobic wastewater treatment with membrane bioreactors." E3S Web of Conferences 86 (2019): 00020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198600020.

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In recent years, anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology has been considered as a very appealing alternative for wastewater treatment due to its significant advantages over conventional anaerobic treatment and aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. The paper provides an overview of the current status of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor technology with a special emphasis on its performance and drawbacks when applied for domestic and municipal wastewater treatment. According to the reported data, the renewable energy produced at the plants (i.e. from methane) covered the energy demand for membrane filtration while the excess energy can be further utilized. Anaerobic membrane bioreactors are an attractive technology that needs further research efforts and applications at an industrial scale.
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Zhu, Liang, Zhenfeng Wang, Huanming Xia, and Hanry Yu. "Design and Fabrication of the Vertical-Flow Bioreactor for Compaction Hepatocyte Culture in Drug Testing Application." Biosensors 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11050160.

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The perfusion culture of primary hepatocytes has been widely adopted to build bioreactors for various applications. As a drug testing platform, a unique vertical-flow bioreactor (VfB) array was found to create the compaction culture of hepatocytes which mimicked the mechanic microenvironment in vivo while maintaining the 3D cell morphology in a 2D culture setup and enhancing the hepatic functions for a sustained culture. Here, we report the methodology in designing and fabricating the VfB to reach ideal bioreactor requirements, optimizing the VfB as a prototype for drug testing, and to demonstrate the enhanced hepatic function so as to demonstrate the performance of the bioreactor. This device enables the modular, scalable, and manufacturable construction of a functional drug testing platform through the sustained maintenance of model cells.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bioreactor applications"

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Tzeng, Jing-Wen. "Study of fluidized bed reactor : fluid dynamics and bioreactor applications /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148775943632625.

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Heo, Jinseok. "Characterization and applications of microfluidic devices based on immobilized biomaterials." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4688.

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Microfluidic biosensors and bioreactors based on immobilized biomaterials are described in this dissertation. Photocrosslinkable hydrogel or polymeric microbeads were used as a supporting matrix for immobilizing E.coli or enzymes in a microfluidic device. This dissertation covers a microfluidic bioreactor based on hydrogel-entrapped E.coli, a microfluidic biosensor based on an array of hydrogel-entrapped enzymes, and a microfluidic bioreactor based on microbead-immobilized enzymes. Hydrogel micropatches containing E.coli were fabricated within a microfluidic channel by in-situ photopolymerization. The cells were viable in the hydrogel micropatch and their membranes could be porated by lysating agents. Entrapment of viable cells within hydrogels, followed by lysis, could provide a convenient means for preparing biocatalysts without the need for enzyme extraction and purification. Our results suggested that hydrogel-entrapped cells, immobilized within microfluidic channels, can act as sensors for small molecules and as bioreactors for carrying out reactions. A microfluidic biosensor based on an array of hydrogel-entrapped enzymes could be used to simultaneously detect different concentrations of the same analyte or multiple analyte in real time. The concentration of an enzyme inhibitor could be quantified using the same basic approach. Isolations of the microchannels within different microfluidic channels could eliminate the possibility of cross talk between enzymes. Finally, we characterized microfluidic bioreactors packed with microbead-immobilized enzymes that can carry out sequential, two-step enzyme-catalyzed reactions under flow conditions. The overall efficiency of the reactors depended on the spatial relationship of the two enzymes immobilized on the beads. Digital simulations confirmed the experimental results.
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Sun, Yang. "Engineering and Functionalization of Degradable Scaffolds for Medical Implant Applications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Polymerteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152605.

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The treatment of bone defects is facing the situation of lacking donations for autotransplantation. As a valid approach, scaffold-based tissue engineering combines the construction of well-defined porous scaffolds with advanced cell culturing technology to guide tissue regeneration. The role for the scaffold is to provide a suitable environment with a sufficient mechanical stiffness, supports for cell attachment, migration, nutrients and metabolite transport and space for cell remodeling and tissue regeneration. The random copolymers poly(L-lactide-co-ɛ-caprolactone) (poly(LLA-co-CL)) and poly(L-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one) (poly(LLA-co-DXO)) have been successfully incorporated into 3D porous scaffolds to induce specific interactions with cells and direct osteogenic cell differentiation. In this thesis, these scaffolds have been modified in chemical and physical ways to map and understand requirements for bone regeneration. Scaffold functionalities and properties, such as hydrophilicity, stiffness, size/shape, and reproducibility, were studied. The hydrophilicity was varied by adding 3–20 % (w/w) Tween 80 to poly(LLA-co-CL) and poly(LLA-co-DXO) respectively, which resulted in contact angles from 35° to 15°. With 3 % Tween 80, the resultant mechanical and thermal properties were similar to pristine polymer materials. Tween 80 did not significantly influence cell attachment or proliferation but did stimulate the mRNA expression of osteogenetic markers. The surface functionality and mechanical properties were altered by introducing nanodiamond particles (n-DP) into poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds by means of surface physisorption or hybrid blending. Scaffold with n-DP physisorbed showed improved cell attachment, differentiation, and bone reformation. Hybrid n-DP/poly(LLA-co-CL) composites were obtained by direct blending of polylactide modified n-DP (n-DP-PLA) with poly(LLA-coCL). The n-DP-PLA was prepared by sodium hydride-mediated anionic polymerization using n-DP as the initiator. Prepared n-DP-PLA could be dispersed homogenously in organic solvents and blended with poly(LLA-coCL) solution. The n-DP-PLA particles were homogenously distributed in the composite material, which significantly improved mechanical properties. For comparison, the addition of benzoquinone-modified n-DP (n-DP-BQ) did not reinforce poly(LLA-co-CL). This indicated the importance of specific surface grafting, which determined different particle-polymer interactions. For the treatment of critical size defects, a large porous poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffold (12.5 mm diameter × 25 mm thickness) was developed and produced by molding and salt-leaching methods. The large porous scaffolds were evaluated in a scaffold-customized perfusion-based bioreactor system. It was obvious that the scaffold could support improved cell distribution and support the stimulation of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) especially with dynamic flow in a bioreactor. To improve the scaffolding technique, a three-dimensional fiber deposition (3DF) technique was employed to build layer-based scaffolds. Poly(LLA-coCL) scaffolds produced by the 3DF method showed enhanced mechanical properties and a homogeneous distribution of human osteoblasts (hOBs) in the scaffolds. Although poly(LLA-co-CL) was thermally degraded, the degradation did not influence the scaffold mechanical properties. Based on the computerized design, a 3DF scaffold of amorphous copolymer poly(LLAco-CL) provides high-precision control and reproducibility. In summary, the design of porous scaffolds is one of the essential factors in tissue engineering as to mimicking the intrinsic extracellular environment. For bone tissue engineering, an optimized scaffold can maintain a contact angle greater than 35 degrees. Pristine or modified n-DP, introduced as an additive by surface physisorption or direct blending, can improve scaffold mechanical properties and cell response. Various sizes of scaffolds can be easily produced by a mold-mediated salt-leaching method. However, when 100 % reproducibility is required, the 3DF method can be used to create customizable scaffolds.

QC 20140929

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Odeleye, A. O. O. "Engineering characterisation of single-use bioreactor technology for mammalian cell culture applications." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1464038/.

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The thesis describes an experimental investigation of the fluid dynamics within novel single-use bioreactors (SUBs), including stirred, rocked and pneumatically driven mixing systems. Biological studies to ascertain the impact of hydrodynamic conditions within these systems, on the growth and protein productivity of a mammalian cell line, are also presented. Two-dimensional velocity measurements within different SU technology were acquired with the use of a whole flow field laser-based technique, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Fluid dynamic characteristics including velocity, turbulence, turbulent kinetic energy and vorticity were determined from time-resolved and phase-resolved velocity measurements. Commercial bioreactor systems were modified, if needed, in order to perform experiments within bioreactors commonly used for cell culture experiments, in preference to using vessel mimics. The fluid flow characteristics in both the impeller region and bulk fluid of a single-impeller stirred bioreactor were investigated, facilitating an enhanced understanding of the spatial distribution of velocity and turbulence throughout the vessel. PIV was also used to study the flow in a dual-impeller stirred bioreactor, providing a rare examination of the interaction between the flow fields generated by two impellers. The whole flow field velocity and turbulence characteristics measured within a rocked bag and pneumatically driven vessel, allow a unique insight into the flow pattern and turbulence distribution within two novel cell culture systems. Cell viability, size, growth, protein productivity and metabolites concentration were monitored under different cell culture operating conditions. Cell culture experiments, combined with the hydrodynamic information acquired using PIV, offer an insight into the physiological response of the cells to highly disparate flow conditions. This information helped to understand how the hydrodynamics induced by novel commercially used mixing systems, can impact upon a mammalian cell line. Having implications for an augmented capacity for cross-compatibility, in addition to enhanced strategies for scale translation and optimal bioreactor design.
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Laing, Ruth Mary Louise. "Development of Rhodopseudomonas palustris as a chassis for biotechnological applications." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283194.

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The recent surge in biodiesel production has resulted in a huge surplus of crude glycerol, a by-product of the process to the level of 10% by weight. This is turn has caused the price of glycerol to fall dramatically, and there are now few economically viable channels for using this resource: waste glycerol is usually combusted. Therefore, much interest has arisen in the possibility of making use of glycerol with biotechnology, as this would not only be a more efficient use of resources but also make biodiesel itself more commercially viable. The purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris is able to metabolize glycerol through photofermentation and thereby produce hydrogen, a commercially useful commodity. R. palustris is of particular interest for this purpose as, in contrast to many other species which have been investigated with a view to fermenting glycerol, it is highly tolerant of crude glycerol. The feedstock requires little purification or dilution to be made suitable for cultivation of R. palustris. Furthermore, the hydrogen gas produced by R. palustris when grown on glycerol is of high purity, and the organism's great metabolic diversity suggests it may be a useful strain for remediation of other waste materials. However, much groundwork is needed to establish R. palustris as a viable chassis organism for biotechnological purposes. This work sets out to establish optimal conditions for cultivating R. palustris in the laboratory, including the design of a suitable batch photobioreactor system. It also determines optimal conditions for electroporation of R. palustris for the purpose of knocking out endogenous genes or introducing heterologous genes. Furthermore, the introduction of heterologous genes is attempted in order to demonstrate the possibility of producing other high-value compounds with R. palustris, and several deletion strains with potential benefits for hydrogen production are created. Finally, several existing deletion strains are investigated to establish their suitability as chassis strains for further genetic manipulation.
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Price, Joshua Colm Felician Aeddan. "The development and validation of a hydrostatic pressure bioreactor for applications in bone tissue engineering." Thesis, Keele University, 2017. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/2807/.

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Current orthopaedics treatments of bone defects often involve the use of implanted fixatives and/or autograft procedures to restore function to the afflicted area following injury. Fixatives and implants are usually temporary solutions, since they are intrinsically prone to failure. In addition to this, replacing implants involve expensive and invasive procedures that cause great hardship to patients. Whilst autografts can provide an excellent outcome in healing of the initial injury site, donor site morbidity from the autologous bone graft can lead to complications such as infection, chronic pain and an abnormal walking gait. Bone tissue engineering is a field of science aiming to address these limitations by providing in vitro manufactured bone to replace autografts, and also limit the use of temporary fixatives. Hydrostatic force bioreactors are currently being developed within this field to attempt improve the outcome of the tissue engineered bone by mimicking the forces typically experienced by cells in the native bone niche. Based on this principle, it is hoped that such systems will aid the translation of research in bone tissue engineering from the lab to the clinic. This research aims to investigate and validate the use of a hydrostatic force bioreactor for improving the outcome of in vitro manufactured bone using a clinically relative strategy employing human mesenchymal stem cells seeded in 3D scaffolds. The research first describes a validation process to determine the initial response of cells to hydrostatic pressure in monolayer cultures. The outcome of this study indicated that mechanical responsiveness in cells can vary according to cell phenotype and the integrity of the f-actin cytoskeleton. Next it was demonstrated that hydrostatic pressure can improve the outcome of in vitro bone formation by MG-63 human osteoblast like cells, validating the bioreactor as a potential preconditioning platform. Following this, a model of bone formation in hMSCs/collagen scaffolds was described, whereby a predictable rate of bone formation was determined by adjusting cellular distribution and protein concentration in collagen type-1 scaffolds. Finally, an organotypic fracture repair model was established using explanted embryonic chick femurs to test the hypothesis that hydrostatic preconditioning of hMSC/collagen hydrogels can improve the outcome of fracture repair. The results of this study showed that bioreactor stimulation could enhance the outcome of repair using a combination of undifferentiated hMSC/collagen type-1 scaffolds, and global mechanical signalling (stimulation of entire femur constructs). It was then shown that hydrostatic preconditioning of hMSC seeded hydrogels prior to implantation did not increase the rate of in vitro bone formation. Following implantation of the hydrogels into the fracture repair model, it was demonstrated that highly mineralised preconditioned implants actually inhibited the fracture repair process. In addition to this, it was shown that preconditioned implants with a lower level of mineralisation allowed invasion and bone formation by native cells from the host tissue. Collectively, the results implied that the outcome of repair using this model relied on three main factors: the presence of global hydrostatic stimulation; the lineage commitment of hMSCs in collagen scaffolds at the time of implantation; and the permeability and cell invasion capacity of the implant.
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Umstead, Russell Blake. "Development of Fungal Bioreactors for Water Related Treatment and Disinfection Applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72291.

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Wastewater, recycled irrigation water, and agricultural runoff can contain high levels of pathogenic bacteria, which pose a threat to human and ecosystem health. The use of a bioreactor containing mycelial mats of filamentous fungi is a novel treatment technology that incorporates physical, biological, and biochemical processes to remove bacterial pathogens from influent water. Although a relatively new concept, fungal bioreactors have demonstrated the ability to dramatically reduce fecal coliform bacteria in water, but no studies have attempted to explicitly identify the bacterial pathogen removal mechanisms exhibited by the fungi. This study evaluated several different species of fungi for use in fungal bioreactor systems and aimed to identify the modes of action responsible for the removal of bacterial pathogens. The species evaluated were Daedaleopsis confragosa, Pleurotus eryngii, and Piptoporus betulinus. Experimental results showed that all species of fungi assessed were capable of removing E. coli in a synthetic water solution. Significant concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, an antiseptic, were produced by all species of fungi evaluated. The fungal bioreactors containing P. eryngii produced the highest concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, generating a maximum concentration of 30.5 mg/l or 0.896 mM. This maximum value exceeds reported minimum concentrations required to demonstrate bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects when continually applied, providing evidence that a major bacterial removal mode of action is the production of antimicrobial compounds. In addition to its promising application to improve water quality, fungal bioreactors are a low cost and passive treatment technology. The development a hyper-functional system could be a have a substantial impact on the use of recycled irrigation water and on the water/wastewater treatment industry, for both municipal and agricultural wastewater.
Master of Science
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Gawande, Nitin A. "Modeling microbiological and chemical processes in municipal solid waste bioreactor development and applications of a three-phase numerical model BIOKEMOD-3P /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002659.

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Gama, Repson. "A lignocellulolytic enzyme system for fruit waste degradation : commercial enzyme mixture synergy and bioreactor design." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013073.

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Studies into sources of alternative liquid transport fuel energy have identified agro-industrial wastes, which are lignocellulosic in nature, as a potential feedstock for biofuel production against the background of depleting nonrenewable fossil fuels. In South Africa, large quantities of apple and other fruit wastes, called pomace, are generated from fruit and juice industries. Apple pomace is a rich source of cellulose, pectin and hemicellulose, making it a potential target for utilisation as a lignocellulosic feedstock for biofuel and biorefinery chemical production. Lignocellulosic biomass is recalcitrant in nature and therefore its degradation requires the synergistic action of a number of enzymes such as cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases and ligninases. Commercial enzyme cocktails, containing some of these enzymes, are available and can be used for apple pomace degradation. In this study, the degradation of apple pomace using commercial enzyme cocktails was investigated. The main focus was the optimisation of the release of sugar monomers that could potentially be used for biofuel and biorefinery chemical production. There is no or little information reported in literature on the enzymatic degradation of fruit waste using commercial enzyme mixtures. This study first focused on the characterisation of the substrate (apple pomace) and the commercial enzyme cocktails. Apple pomace was found to contain mainly glucose, galacturonic acid, arabinose, galactose, lignin and low amounts of xylose and fructose. Three commercial enzyme cocktails were initially selected: Biocip Membrane, Viscozyme L (from Aspergillus aculeatus) and Celluclast 1.5L (a Trichoderma reesei ATCC 26921 cellulase preparation). The selection of the enzymes was based on activities declared by the manufacturers, cost and local availability. The enzymes were screened based on their synergistic cooperation in the degradation of apple pomace and the main enzymes present in each cocktail. Viscozyme L and Celluclast 1.5L, in a 50:50 ratio, resulted in the best degree of synergy (1.6) compared to any other combination. The enzyme ratios were determined on Viscozyme L and Celluclast 1.5L based on the protein ratio. Enzyme activity was determined as glucose equivalents using the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Sugar monomers were determined using Megazyme assay kits. There is limited information available on the enzymes present in the commercial enzyme cocktails. Therefore, the main enzymes present in Viscozyme L and Celluclast 1.5L were identified using different substrates, each targeted for a specific enzyme and activity. Characterisation of the enzyme mixtures revealed a large number of enzymes required for apple pomace degradation and these included cellulases, pectinases, xylanases, arabinases and mannanases in different proportions. Viscozyme L contained mainly pectinases and hemicellulases, while Celluclast 1.5L displayed largely cellulase and xylanase activity, hence the high degree of synergy reported. The temperature optimum was 50ºC for both enzyme mixtures and pH optima were observed at pH 5.0 and pH 3.0 for Viscozyme L and Celluclast 1.5L, respectively. At 37ºC and pH 5.0, the enzymes retained more that 90% activity after 15 days of incubation, allowing the enzymes to be used together with less energy input. The enzymes were further characterised by determining the effect of various compounds, such as alcohols, sugars, phenolic compounds and metal ions at various concentrations on the activity of the enzymes during apple pomace hydrolysis. Apart from lignin, which had almost no effect on enzyme activity, all the compounds caused inhibition of the enzymes to varying degrees. The most inhibitory compounds were some organic acids and metal ions, as well as cellobiose and xylobiose. Using the best ratio for Viscozyme L and Celluclast 1.5L (50:50) for the hydrolysis of apple pomace, it was observed that synergy was highest at the initial stages of hydrolysis and decreased over time, though the sugar concentration increased. The type of synergy for optimal apple pomace hydrolysis was found to be simultaneous. There was no synergy observed between Viscozyme L and Celluclast 1.5L with ligninases - laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase. Hydrolysing apple pomace with ligninases prior to addition of Viscozyme L and Celluclast 1.5L did not improve degradation of the substrate. Immobilisation of the enzyme mixtures on different supports was performed with the aim of increasing stability and enabling reuse of the enzymes. Immobilisation methods were selected based on the chemical properties of the supports, availability, cost and applicability on heterogeneous and insoluble substrate like apple pomace. These methods included crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs), immobilisation on various supports such as nylon mesh, nylon beads, sodium alginate beads, chitin and silica gel beads. The immobilisation strategies were unsuccessful, mainly due to the low percentage of immobilisation of the enzyme on the matrix and loss of activity of the immobilised enzyme. Free enzymes were therefore used for the remainder of the study. Hydrolysis conditions for apple pomace degradation were optimised using different temperatures and buffer systems in 1 L volumes mixed with compressed air. Hydrolysis at room temperature, using an unbuffered system, gave a better performance as compared to a buffered system. Reactors operated in batch mode performed better (4.2 g/L (75% yield) glucose and 16.8 g/L (75%) reducing sugar) than fed-batch reactors (3.2 g/L (66%) glucose and 14.6 g/L (72.7% yield) reducing sugar) over 100 h using Viscozyme L and Celluclast 1.5L. Supplementation of β- glucosidase activity in Viscozyme L and Celluclast 1.5L with Novozyme 188 resulted in a doubling of the amount of glucose released. The main products released from apple pomace hydrolysis were galacturonic acid, glucose and arabinose and low amounts of galactose and xylose. These products are potential raw materials for biofuel and biorefinery chemical production. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was successfully developed and used for predicting the optimum conditions for apple pomace hydrolysis using Celluclast 1.5L, Viscozyme L and Novozyme 188. Four main conditions that affect apple pomace hydrolysis were selected, namely temperature, initial pH, enzyme loading and substrate loading, which were taken as inputs. The glucose and reducing sugars released as a result of each treatment and their combinations were taken as outputs for 1–100 h. An ANN with 20, 20 and 6 neurons in the first, second and third hidden layers, respectively, was constructed. The performance and predictive ability of the ANN was good, with a R² of 0.99 and a small mean square error (MSE). New data was successfully predicted and simulated. Optimal hydrolysis conditions predicted by ANN for apple pomace hydrolysis were at 30% substrate (wet w/v) and an enzyme loading of 0.5 mg/g and 0.2 mg/mL of substrate for glucose and reducing sugar, respectively, giving sugar concentrations of 6.5 mg/mL and 28.9 mg/mL for glucose and reducing sugar, respectively. ANN showed that enzyme and substrate loadings were the most important factors for the hydrolysis of apple pomace.
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Damen, Bas Stefaan, and bsdamen@hotmail com. "Design, Development, and Optimisation of a Culture Vessel System for Tissue Engineering Applications." Swinburne University of Technology. n/a, 2003. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20040512.125051.

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A Tissue Engineering (TE) approach to heart valve replacement has the aim of producing an implant that is identical to healthy tissue in morphology, function and immune recognition. The aim is to harvest tissue from a patient, establish cells in culture from this tissue and then use these cells to grow a new tissue in a desired shape for the implant. The scaffold material that supports the growth of cells into a desired shape may be composed of a biodegradable polymer that degrades over time, so that the final engineered implant is composed entirely of living tissue. The approach used at Swinburne University was to induce the desired mechanical and functional properties of tissue and is to be developed in an environment subjected to flow stresses that mimicked the haemodynamic forces that natural tissue experiences. The full attainment of natural biomechanical and morphological properties of a TE structure has not as yet been demonstrated. In this thesis a review of Tissue Engineering of Heart Valves (TEHVs) is presented followed by an assessment of biocompatible materials currently used for TEHVs. The thrust of the work was the design and development of a Bioreactor (BR) system, capable of simulating the corresponding haemodynamic forces in vitro so that long-term cultivation of TEHVs and/or other structures can be mimicked. A full description of the developed BR and the verification of its functionality under various physiological conditions using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) are given. An analysis of the fluid flow and shear stress forces in and around a heart valve scaffold is also provided. Finally, preliminary results related to a fabricated aortic TEHV-scaffold and the developed cell culture systems are presented and discussed. Attempts to establish viable cell lines from ovine cardiac tissue are also reported.
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Books on the topic "Bioreactor applications"

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Bao, Jie, Qin Ye, and Jian-Jiang Zhong, eds. Bioreactor Engineering Research and Industrial Applications II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48347-3.

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Ye, Qin, Jie Bao, and Jian-Jiang Zhong, eds. Bioreactor Engineering Research and Industrial Applications I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49161-4.

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Tan, Xiaoyao. Inorganic membrane reactors: Fundamentals and applications. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014.

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K, Nakamura. Electro-enzymology, coenzyme regeneration. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Palmer, Ella. Cell-based microarrays: Review of applications, developments, and technological advances. New York: Springer, 2014.

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1938-, Tanaka Atsuo, Tosa Tetsuya 1933-, and Kobayashi, Takeshi, 1941 Feb. 23-, eds. Industrial application of immobilized biocatalysts. New York: Dekker, 1993.

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Claire, Judd, ed. The MBR book: Principles and applications of membrane bioreactors in water and wastewater treatment. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006.

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J, Dunn Irving, ed. Biological reaction engineering: Principles, applications, and modelling with PC simulation. Wienheim: VCH, 1992.

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Lidietta, Giorno, ed. Biocatalytic membrane reactors: Applications in biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry. London: Taylor & Francis, 1999.

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Vieth, W. R. Membrane systems: Analysis and design : applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, and polymer science. Munich: Hanser Publishers, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bioreactor applications"

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Schügerl, Karl. "Bioreactor Instrumentation and Biosensors." In Computer and Information Science Applications in Bioprocess Engineering, 83–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0177-3_7.

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Mavituna, F. "Strategies for Bioreactor Scale-Up." In Computer and Information Science Applications in Bioprocess Engineering, 125–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0177-3_11.

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Eibl, Regine, Sören Werner, and Dieter Eibl. "Bag Bioreactor Based on Wave-Induced Motion: Characteristics and Applications." In Disposable Bioreactors, 55–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10_2008_15.

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Grayson, Warren L., Sarindr Bhumiratana, Christopher Cannizzaro, and Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic. "Bioreactor Cultivation of Functional Bone Grafts." In Mesenchymal Stem Cell Assays and Applications, 231–41. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-999-4_18.

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Rollin, Joseph A., Xinhao Ye, Julia Martin del Campo, Michael W. W. Adams, and Y. H. Percival Zhang. "Novel Hydrogen Bioreactor and Detection Apparatus." In Bioreactor Engineering Research and Industrial Applications II, 35–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10_2014_274.

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Chattaway, Thomas, and Gregory N. Stephanopoulos. "Adaptive Monitoring of Bioreactor Contamination." In Computer Applications in Fermentation Technology: Modelling and Control of Biotechnological Processes, 431–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1141-3_48.

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Reuss, M. "Structured Modelling of Bioreactor Systems." In Computer Applications in Fermentation Technology: Modelling and Control of Biotechnological Processes, 61–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1141-3_8.

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Prior, John J., and Charles L. Cooney. "Bioreactor Fault Detection Using Data Reconciliation." In Computer and Information Science Applications in Bioprocess Engineering, 109–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0177-3_9.

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Takagi, Mutsumi. "Cell Processing Engineering for Regenerative Medicine." In Bioreactor Engineering Research and Industrial Applications II, 53–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10_2014_282.

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Zhang, Zhi-Jun, Jiang Pan, Bao-Di Ma, and Jian-He Xu. "Efficient Biocatalytic Synthesis of Chiral Chemicals." In Bioreactor Engineering Research and Industrial Applications I, 55–106. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10_2014_291.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bioreactor applications"

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Abdallah, Mohamed, Emil Petriu, Kevin Kennedy, Roberto Narbaitz, and Mostafa Warith. "Intelligent control of bioreactor landfills." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Measurement Systems and Applications (CIMSA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cimsa.2011.6059928.

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Whitehead, T. D., S. T. Nemanich, and K. I. Shoghi. "Artificial tissue bioreactor (ATB) for biological and imaging applications." In 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346452.

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Mohammed, Thariq, Wael H. Ahmed, and Ashutosh Singh. "Evaluating the Use of Airlift Pumps for Bioreactor Applications." In International Conference of Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/ffhmt17.134.

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Korin, Natanel, Avishay Bransky, Uri Dinnar, and Shulamit Levenberg. "Modeling and Studying Human Embryonic Stem Cell Culture Conditions in Pulsed Flow Micro-Reactors." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59168.

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells research is a promising field for tissue engineering due to their proliferative capacity and differentiation abilities. The culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESC) in microchannel bioreactors can be valuable for hESC cell biology studies and hESC tissue engineering applications. We have previously demonstrated the long-term culture of mammalian (HFF-Human Foreskin Fibroblasts) cells in a microchannel (130μm) bioreactor under constant perfusion in a simple approach. However, hESC were found to be highly sensitive to flow and did not grow under flow rates which were proper for HFF long-term culture. Here, we propose the use of a novel automated periodic perfusion system to co-culture hESC with HFF in a microchannel bioreactor. The method is based on short temporal pulsed flows of medium renewal followed by long static incubation periods. The short pulsed exposure to shear enables shear sensitive cells (e.g., hESC) to withstand the medium flow. The present work studies experimentally and via numerical simulations the conditions required for hESC culture in a microchannel bioreactor using the periodic perfusion method. Conventional soft-lithography techniques were used to fabricate PDMS microchannels (100 μm) sealed reversibly with glass cover slides. HESC were seeded in the microchannel with HFF, incubated for several hours and then connected to a perfusion system which contained: a syringe pump, a permeable tube oxygenator, and waste container. The ability of the periodic perfusion protocols to prevent hESC de-attachment and maintain their culture was examined. Mass transport and fluid mechanics models were used to evaluate the culture conditions within the micro-bioreactor (shear stress, oxygen level, nutritious etc.). 3D finite element mass transport analysis (Comsol 3.3) was preformed to examine the oxygen levels in the microchannel as a function of time and design parameters. Altogether, the experimental results and the theoretical model indicate that the use of a periodic perfusion bioreactor is a suitable and promising method to culture hESC in a microreactor. Culturing undifferentiated human ES cell colonies in a micro-bioreactor is an initial step toward utilizing microfluidic techniques to investigate embryonic stem cell biology.
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Mazzei, D., G. Vozzi, A. Ahluwalia, and A. Cisternino. "Development of a high-throughput bioreactor system for biomedical applications." In 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isie.2007.4375051.

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Rector, T. J., R. F. Strayer, M. P. Hummerick, J. L. Garland, M. S. Roberts, and L. H. Levine. "Performance Evaluation of a Submerged-Membrane Bioreactor for Lunar Applications." In Ninth Biennial Conference on Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40722(153)50.

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Reichert, Thomas, Thomas Nussbaumer, Wolfgang Gruber, and Johann W. Kolar. "Design of a novel bearingless permanent magnet motor for bioreactor applications." In IECON 2009 - 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics (IECON). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2009.5414675.

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Soares, João S., Trung L. Le, Fotis Sotiropoulos, and Michael S. Sacks. "Modeling the Role of Oscillatory Flow and Dynamic Mechanical Conditioning on Dense Connective Tissue Formation in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Heart Valve Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2013 Conference on Frontiers in Medical Devices: Applications of Computer Modeling and Simulation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fmd2013-16165.

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Living tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) may circumvent ongoing problems in pediatric valve replacements, offering optimum hemodynamic performance and the potential for growth, remodeling, and self-repair [1]. Although a myriad of external stimuli are available in current bioreactors (e.g. oscillatory flows, mechanical conditioning, etc.), there remain significant bioengineering challenges in determining and quantifying parameters that lead to optimal ECM development and structure for the long term goal of engineering TEHVs exhibiting tissue architecture functionality equivalent to native tissue. It has become axiomatic that in vitro mechanical conditioning promotes engineered tissue formation (Figure 1), either in organ-level bioreactors or in tissue-level bioreactors with idealized-geometry TE constructs. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Efforts to date have been largely empirical, and a two-pronged approach involving novel theoretical developments and close-looped designed experiments is necessary to reach a better mechanistic understanding of the cause-effect interplay between MSC proliferation and differentiation, newly synthetized ECM, and tissue formation, in response to the controllable conditions such as scaffold design, oxygen tension, nutrient availability, and mechanical environment during incubation. We thus evaluate the influence of exterior flow oscillatory shear stress and dynamic mechanical conditioning on the proliferative and synthetic behavior of MSCs by employing a novel theoretical framework for TE. We employ mixture theory to describe the evolution of the biochemical constituents of the TE construct and their intertwined biochemical reactions, evolving poroelastic models to evaluate the enhancement of nutrient transport occurring with dynamic mechanical deformations, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to assess the exterior flow boundary conditions developed in the flex-stretch-flow (FSF) bioreactor [4–6].
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Nakashima, Yuta, Yoshitaka Nakanishi, Takaya Hisamoto, and Koki Yamasaki. "Development of Heterologous Cell Co-culture Technique for Application to Bioreactor." In 2018 7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrera.2018.8566945.

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Rocca, Jesse, and Simon X. Yang. "Fuzzy control of dissolved oxygen concentration in a bioreactor for wastewater applications." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics (ICAL). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ical.2009.5262968.

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Reports on the topic "Bioreactor applications"

1

Kendall, Edward. Bioreactors: Design, Background, and Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1887112.

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