Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bioprospecting

Academic literature on the topic 'Bioprospecting'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bioprospecting"

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Chen, Yitong. "China’s Role of Bioprospecting in Antarctica and Future Prospects." Chinese Journal of Environmental Law 7, no. 1 (June 21, 2023): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24686042-12340098.

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Abstract The rapid advancement of biotechnology in the late 20th century promoted bioprospecting in Antarctica and has been a regular topic of discussion in the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) since 2002. However, there still needs to be an explicit regulatory framework in the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). Meanwhile, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) posed competitive governance mandates on regulating bioprospecting in the Antarctic Treaty Area and challenging the legitimacy of ATS. China’s increasing Antarctic presence is also reflected in its bioprospecting activities. However, its enthusiasm for bioprospecting remains inconsistent with its approach towards the ATS through reluctant contribution on regulation. This article will analyze the discussions on bioprospecting in the ATCM as contained within the ACTM meeting documents. Then, this article will analyze how China should actively pursue legitimate bioprospecting interests in the Antarctic from three aspects, which include improving domestic laws and regulations on access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing activities, speedy enactment of Antarctic legislation, and leading the establishment of regulations on Antarctic bioprospecting in the ATCM. It concludes with an outlook on bioprospecting regulation and China’s role in future prospects.
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Yumi Zuhanis Has-Yun Hashim, Nurhusna Samsudin, Anis Najiha Ahmad, and Mohd Aizat Jamaludin. "Maqasid-Based Bioprospecting; The Case of Agarwood in The Halalan Toyyiban Product Development." Journal of Halal Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (June 22, 2022): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.59202/jhst.v1i1.452.

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This paper aims to explore the concepts and values of Maqasid al-shariah in bioprospecting. The activities of bioprospecting are not new and have been well established in various industries ranging from pharmaceuticals, and manufacturing to biomining and nanotechnology. Bioprospecting is the discovery of biodiversity for new biological resources of social and economic value. Although the premises of bioprospecting are known to be closely tied to sustainability and conservation of biodiversity, to the best of our knowledge, there are no discussions on bioprospecting from the perspective of Maqasid. This paper explores this relationship with a focus on agarwood, a non-timber forest product (NTFP) that has been traded for centuries. Over the years, agarwood has been subjected to bioprospecting and is increasingly being used as a material in the development of halalan toyyiban products.
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Jones, LN, RD Sinclair, J. Carver, H. Ecroyd, Y. Lui, and LE Bennett. "Bioprospecting keratinous materials." International Journal of Trichology 2, no. 1 (2010): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-7753.66915.

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Senior, Kathryn. "Bioprospecting in Antarctica." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2, no. 2 (March 2004): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3868198.

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Abida, Heni, Sandrine Ruchaud, Laurent Rios, Anne Humeau, Ian Probert, Colomban De Vargas, Stéphane Bach, and Chris Bowler. "Bioprospecting Marine Plankton." Marine Drugs 11, no. 11 (November 14, 2013): 4594–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md11114594.

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Watanabe, Kazuo N., and Guat Hong Teh. "Wanted: bioprospecting consultants." Nature Biotechnology 29, no. 10 (October 2011): 873–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2001.

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Isaac, Grant E., and William A. Kerr. "Bioprospecting or Biopiracy?" Journal of World Intellectual Property 7, no. 1 (November 1, 2005): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2004.tb00257.x.

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Cragg, Gordon M., David J. Newman, and Stringner Sue Yang. "Bioprospecting for drugs." Nature 393, no. 6683 (May 1998): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/30586.

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Stokes, Trevor. "Bioprospecting in Wales." Trends in Plant Science 6, no. 5 (May 2001): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(01)01962-8.

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Fenwick, Simon. "Bioprospecting or biopiracy?" Drug Discovery Today 3, no. 9 (September 1998): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6446(98)01221-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bioprospecting"

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Abd, Ghaffar Nur Rinah. "Bioprospecting for extremophile oleaginous yeasts." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760942.

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Palm Oil is the highest produced edible oil globally, with over 66 million tonnes produced annually. It has been estimated that up to 50% of all products sold in the supermarket contain palm oil in some form. Palm oil has attractive properties such as a high melting point and texture due to a balanced ratio of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. It contains approximately 40% oleic acid (monounsaturated fatty acid), 10% linoleic acid (polyunsaturated fatty acid), 45% palmitic acid and 5% stearic acid (saturated fatty acid), that results in an edible oil that is suitable for use in a variety of food, detergent and cosmetics products. In addition, palm oil is the least expensive oil produced due to its high productivity and extensive production. Due to the high demand for the product, vast amounts of rainforest have been cleared to make way for more plantations, reducing biodiversity and releasing huge levels of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. There is a clear need for an alternative lipid that can match palm oils properties but can be produced sustainably. Recent work suggests that some yeasts are capable of producing a similar oil to palm oil and can be grown on waste resources. In this thesis a novel bioprospecting protocol was developed to isolate yeasts that can survive the harsh conditions necessary for industrial biotechnology. In this way a vineyard and the local area was sampled for yeasts which were then cultured under extremes of pH, multiple sugars and inhibitors caused from the breakdown of lignocellulose. The wild yeast were cultured in four stages: minimal medium with Lysine; minimal medium with inhibitors; minimal medium with xylose as sole carbon-source; and lastly minimal medium with only arabinose and cellobiose as carbon-sources. Only strains that survived each stage were taken forward to the next, to isolate species that were truly suited to these conditions. Out of the estimated 1000s of strains screened this resulted in 12 strains of yeast, mostly in the Metschnikowia pulcherrima, group being able to cope with the conditions. The 12 strains were further analyzed by culturing them in an array of 4 different model lignocellulosic feedstocks namely wheat straw, corn Stover, sugarcane bagasse, and palm kernel cake hydrolysates. Other conditions incorporated in these analysis were a range of pH from pH 1.5 to pH 7.0; four levels of a mixture of 5 inhibitors; and two different temperatures. All of the 12 strains showed similar behaviour where inhibitor tolerance was only marked at higher pH, and at low pH the strains could not grow at all. Though all strains were able to grow on the hydrolysate models, even those with little glucose and/or xylose content. The lipid profile of the strains was also assessed and proved to be similar to most terrestrial crops, with suitable lipid profiles for a rapeseed oil, and in some cases palm oil substitute. Lastly, to further evaluate the accurate identification of the strains as there are some ambiguity in the Metschnikowia pulcherrima group, we applied an approach only widely used for Pathogenic Bacteria/Yeast identification, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Using 25 strains (7 of this collection), 6 type species and some isolates from the original culture collection in Bath. Sequences of 6 genes was analysed using the Bayesian statistical method. The result showed grouping of M. pulcherrima into 3-4 groups 9 different for each gene. M. Corniflorae being the outgroup. In all 3 genes successfully sequenced: M. Fruticola; R6; Mp DAH 3; and ICS48 were consistently shown to be clonal. The work presented here demonstrates a new method for bioprospecting strains capable of isolating strains for industrial biotechnology, and for characterisation of the yeast in the Metschnikowia genus. Some of the yeasts identified were oleaginous, and could potentially be used as a novel source of palm oil substitute.
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Lyons, Laura Francis. "Bioprospecting for microorganisms and enzymes with biorefining potential." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/21abce27-49d0-4bcc-8196-cae9f79c8383.

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The rise of biorefining and application of biotechnology to combat climate change and accomplish energy security is a necessity. There have already been steps to produce sustainable biofuels and products throughout the world. However, not all processes are economically viable due to costs of enzymes, pre-treatments, and scale-ups. In this project Miscanthus sp. was the main source of bacterial isolation due to its bioenergy characteristics as a low-input high-output crop. Specifically, due to the high sugar content of harvested senesced Miscanthus. The aim of this project was to discover novel microbes and enzymes with potential to contribute to the generation of fuels and chemicals from plant biomass. Specifically, we aimed to isolate and characterise enzymes capable of efficiently releasing sugars from pre-treated lignocellulosic biomass, for subsequent fermentation to ethanol and platform chemicals. Aerobic bacteria were cultured from harvested chipped Miscanthus and soil surrounding Miscanthus crops and were characterised morphologically, functionally and taxonomically. Bacteria in our collection included amongst others: Pseudomonas sp., Burkholderia sp., Variovorax paradoxus, Luteibacter sp. and Bacillus sp. The collection was screened for carbon utilisation using cellulose (in the form of carboxymethyl cellulose), xylan (from beechwood) and starch by enzymatic activity, at a range of temperatures and pHs. From the bacterial library, 88.5% of cultures showed cellulase activity, 93.2% xylanase activity, 79.7% starch degradation activity over the temperature or pH range, with 66.2% demonstrating activity over all three assays. Proteins were isolated from bacteria that demonstrate effective starch utilisation for further characterisation. Bacterial isolates that exhibited xylan utilisation at high pH and temperature were characterised by whole genome sequencing to identify interesting enzymes and pathways using bioinformatics software CLC genomics and Seed RAST. Finally, homologous proteins have been modelled using Phyre2 and 3DLigandSite to analyse structure and binding sites. This work was part of the wider BEACON project which aimed to establish Wales as a Biorefining Centre of Excellence. BEACON built integrated 'Green Supply Chains' with a focus on developing new routes to functional, cost competitive products using biomass rather than fossil fuels.
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Bessa, Nélita Gonçalves Faria de. "Brazilian savanna forest : conservation, medicinal reservoir and bioprospecting." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13350.

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Doutoramento em Biologia e Ecologia das Alterações Globais
This study aimed to analyse the Brazilian savanna forest from a Legal Reserve (LR) area from a perspective of conservation, reservoir of organic carbon and medicinal biomass for a prospective use of native medicinal plants. An ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological survey was carried out close to a community settled in the rural area in the south of Tocantins, being selected 9 of the most cited species (cajuí- Anacardium othonianum; inharé-Brosimum gaudichaudii; jatobá-Hymenaeae courbaril; jenipapo-Genipa americana, aroeira-Myracrodruon urundeuva; negramina-Siparuna guianensis; barbatimão- Stryphnodendron obovatum; assa peixe-Vernonia brasiliana, embaúba-Cecropia pachystachya). Crude foliar extracts were subjected to a preliminary phytochemical prospection and triage of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity of potential interest in health and familiar agriculture. Phenolic compounds, terpenes and flavonoids were detected in the extracts of most species, which suggests the presence of antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-insect activities. It was evident the need to better know the LR as a reservoir of medicinal biomass in an area under ecological tension where 35% (610ha) of the property is LR and should be protected by law. Therefore, a forest inventory of live woody species was performed using the allometric or indirect method. This identified a rare remnant of Semidecidual Seasonal Forest amidst the largest world savannah, the Cerrado biome. An analysis of the forest average productivity per basal area (m².ha), aerial live biomass (ton.ha-1) and carbon stock was carried out. The forest fragment was considered relatively rich in species and diversity, although showing signs of disturbance and dominance by a few species. Its horizontal structure suggests biotic regeneration conditions. It is an important reservoir of medicinal plants. Of the families (57.5%) presenting medicinal species, 19 from a total of 33 are represented in the area and contain 44% (27) of the total species (61) and 63% (432) of the total individuals catalogued. Medicinal species have ecological importance for the equilibrium of the local flora and represent 80% of the 10 species with higher Importance Value Index (IVI): Tetragastris altissima, Chrysophyllum marginatum, Oenocarpus distichus, Sclerolobium paniculatum, Simarouba versicolor, Alibertia macrophylla, Siparuna guianensis, Maprounea guianensis, Licania parvifolia e Physocalymma scaberrimum. Medicinal productivity was high for this type of phytophysionomy: 183,2 ton. ha-1 of biomass and 91,51 ton. ha-1 of carbon representing 66% of the total biomass and carbon of this Cerrado forest. From this stage S. guianensis (Siparunaceae) was selected for performing bioassays in order to verify its biological activity against microorganisms of health and agricultural relevance. This is a native aromatic medicinal plant recommended as priority for conservation, with local popular medicinal validation and availability of medicinal feedstock (3300 Kg.ha-1), with the foliar fraction giving 38Kg/ha of crude extract and 5L/ha of essential oil. Foliar crude extracts and essential oil were obtained and tested in vitro using a disk diffusion bioassay. Different concentrations of these natural products were tested against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145) and fungi (Candida albicans ATCC 6258 e Fusarium oxysporum). The essential oil inhibited the growth of S. aureus in its crude concentration (380μg.mL-1), as well as diluted to half (190μg.mL-1) and a quarter strength (95μg.mL-1). It’s likely that such action is due to sesquiterpenes major components, such as bisabolol and bisabolene (10.35%), measured by gas chromatography (GC-MS, GC-FID). Extracts did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested. The native medicinal plants prospective market is an alternative that favours the conservation of biodiversity while generating benefits for the development of sustainable family productive activities within local ecosystems instead of the current inappropriate uses. This strengthens conservation policies of Legal Reserve in rural settlements and is in agreement with public policy on global warming and climate changes.
O estudo objetivou analisar floresta de área de Reserva Legal (RL) de savana brasileira na perspectiva da conservação, reservatório de carbono orgânico e biomassa medicinal para uso prospectivo das plantas medicinais nativas. Foi realizado levantamento etnobotânico e etnofarmacológico junto à comunidade assentada em área rural do Estado do Tocantins, sendo eleitas 9 espécies mais citadas (cajuí-Anacardium othonianum; inharé-Brosimum gaudichaudii; jatobá-Hymenaeae courbaril; jenipapo-Genipa americana, aroeira-Myracrodruon urundeuva; negramina-Siparuna guianensis; barbatimão-Stryphnodendron obovatum; assa peixe-Vernonia brasiliana, embaúba-Cecropia pachystachya). Foi feita a prospecção fitoquímica preliminar dos extratos brutos foliares e triagem dos metabolitos secundários potenciais de atividades antimicrobianas. Os compostos fenólicos, terpenos e flavonoídicos apresentaram positividade nos extratos da maioria das espécies, sugerindo atividades antimicrobianas, antioxidantes e contra insetos. A RL é criada por lei e ocupa localmente 35% da propriedade rural, tornando-se importante reservatório de biomassa medicinal, mas está sob tensão ecológica. Nela foi realizado inventário florestal de espécies lenhosas arbórea-arbustivas vivas usando o método alométrico, identificando raro remanescente de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua em meio à maior savana mundial, o Bioma Cerrado. Foi feita a análise da produtividade média da floresta pela área basal (m².ha), biomassa (ton.ha-1) aérea viva e estoque de carbono (ton.ha-1). O fragmento de floresta foi considerado relativamente rico em espécies e diversidade ainda mantida, mas com sinais de distúrbios e dominada por poucas espécies. Sua estrutura horizontal é sugestiva de condições de regeneração biótica. É um importante reservatório de plantas medicinais: mais da metade (57,5%) das famílias são de espécies medicinais, 19 de um total de 33; guardam 44% (27) do total de espécies (61) e 63% (432) do total de indivíduos (686) inventariados. As espécies medicinais têm importância ecológica para o equilíbrio da flora local, onde 80% estiveram representadas dentre as 10 espécies de maior Índice de Valor de Importância (IVI): Tetragastris altissima, Chrysophyllum marginatum, Oenocarpus distichus, Sclerolobium paniculatum, Simarouba versicolor, Alibertia macrophylla, Siparuna guianensis, Maprounea guianensis, Licania parvifolia e Physocalymma scaberrimum. A produtividade medicinal foi alta para este tipo de fitofisionomia: biomassa de 183,2 ton. ha-1 e carbono de 91,51 ton. ha-1 representando 66% de toda biomassa e carbono desta floresta de Cerrado. Desta etapa foi eleita S. guianensis (Siparunaceae) para realização de bioensaio objetivando verificar atividade biológica frente aos microorganismos de interesse da agricultura familiar e da saude, sendo uma espécie medicinal aromática nativa e recomendada como prioritária de conservação, com validação medicinal popular local e disponibilidade de matéria prima medicinal (3300 Kg.ha-1), conferindo a fração foliar 38Kg/ha de extrato bruto e 5L/ha de óleo essencial. Extratos brutos e óleo essencial foliar foram obtidos e testados em bioensaio in vitro feito por difusão em disco, utilizando diferentes concentrações dos produtos naturais frente a bactérias gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213), bactérias gram-negativas (Escherichia. coli ATCC 25922 e ATCC 35218; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145) e fungos (Candida albicans ATCC 6258 e Fusarium oxysporum). O óleo essencial inibiu o crescimento bacteriano de S. aureus nas concentrações brutas (380μg. mL-1), diluído a metade (190μg.mL-1) e a um quarto (95μg.mL-1). É provável que tal ação seja devido aos componentes majoritários sesquiterpenos, como bisabolol e bisaboleno (10,35%), avaliados por cromatografia gasosa (CG-SM; CG-FID). Para os extratos não houve positividade quanto à ação antimicrobiana. Estudos prospectivos envolvendo plantas medicinais nativas podem ajudar na conservação da biodiversidade, gerando subsídios para o desenvolvimento de atividades produtivas familiares sustentáveis no âmbito de ecossistemas locais em lugar dos usos inadequados atualmente praticados. Isto fortalece a politica de conservação de RL em assentamentos rurais e está em sintonia com a política pública de aquecimento global e mudanças climáticas.
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Speda, Jutta. "Methods development for metaproteomics-guided bioprospecting of novel enzymes." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kemi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-133206.

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Industrial biotechnology has been announced by several organizations and governments as a key enabling technology for the enhanced economic growth in a low-carbon and knowledge-based bioeconomy. An important goal to promote an environment friendly and sustainable industrial biotechnology is the discovery of new enzymes. To date, almost all enzymes used in industry have been discovered by pure culturing of microorganisms, however, it is known that less than 1% of all microorganisms can be obtained in pure cultures. The remaining majority of microorganisms is only viable by close biological interactions provided in microbial communities and is not available for enzyme discovery using the classical pure culture approaches. The investigation of microbial communities, which can be viewed as metaorganisms, has been enabled during the last two decades by refining established methods for the analysis of genes, mRNA or proteins and are called metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics, respectively. To date, these techniques have mostly been used in the field of microbial ecology for the understanding of the composition, function and metabolism of microbial communities but not for the purpose of bioprospecting for novel enzymes. Identification of genes that code for possible enzyme candidates is hindered, due to the fact that 30-40% of the sequenced metagenomes contain genes coding for unidentified proteins. Additionally, the -omics techniques generate large amounts of data that need to be analyzed and the outcome of the analysis does not necessarily lead to the discovery of novel applicable enzymes. The work presented in this thesis describes the establishment of the necessary conditions for a metaproteomics-based method that allows for a straightforward and targeted identification of novel enzymes with desired activity from microbial communities. The approach provides a valuable alternative to the incomplete and inefficient analysis of non-targeting data and laborious workflow, which is typically generated by the established meta-omics techniques. In developing the methods presented in this thesis, microbial communities in constructed environments were established, which allowed for the controlled expression of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes under defined conditions. By combination and modulation of advanced metaproteomics and metagenomics techniques, we were able to directly identify the enzymes and the corresponding gene sequences of several cellulolytic enzymes as a first example for the feasibility of this approach.
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Marques, Lana Grasiela Alves. "Mapping and legal approaches to bioprospecting networks in Brazil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12658.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
Este trabalho tem como propÃsito realizar o mapeamento das redes de bioprospecÃÃo no Brasil e as abordagens legais que envolvem o acesso aos recursos genÃticos para fins de bioprospecÃÃo. A BioprospecÃÃo se tornou uma das principais discussÃes nos Ãltimos anos desde que a ConvenÃÃo sobre Diversidade BiolÃgica (CDB) reconheceu a soberania de cada paÃs sobre os recursos genÃticos localizados em seu territÃrio. Ainda, o reconhecimento de cada paÃs signatÃrio da CDB na implementaÃÃo de polÃticas nacionais de biodiversidade. Para atender essas e outras exigÃncias, o Brasil estabeleceu aÃÃes voltadas à conservaÃÃo e ao uso sustentÃvel da biodiversidade por meio de programas e redes de pesquisa. Neste contexto, o trabalho identificou os avanÃos quanto à criaÃÃo e fortalecimento das redes de pesquisa em biodiversidade e os resultados obtidos por meio do desenvolvimento de produtos, em especial, a produÃÃo de biofÃrmacos. No entanto, a Medida ProvisÃria n 2.186-16/2001 considerada o marco regulatÃrio a respeito do acesso aos recursos genÃticos no Brasil estabeleceu normas que tem provocado entraves ao desenvolvimento das pesquisas bioprospectivas. Portanto, hà um senso comum da necessidade de um aprimoramento na Medida ProvisÃria n 2.186-16/2001 que, atualmente està em curso à elaboraÃÃo de um Projeto de Lei. Diante do exposto, espera-se que as redes e programas em bioprospecÃÃo possam transformar os recursos naturais em ganhos econÃmicos, alavancar o desenvolvimento cientÃfico e tecnolÃgico, e agregar valor aos bens e serviÃos provenientes desses recursos naturais.
This work has as its objective to map the bioprospection networks in Brazil, as well as the legal approaches involved in the access to genetic resources for bioprospection purposes. Bioprospection has become one of the main topics of discussion in recent years, since the Biological Diversity Convention (CBD in Portuguese) recognized the sovereignty of each country over genetic resources found within their territories. Moreover, the CDB recognized the right of each signatory country in the implementation of their own national biodiversity policies. In order to fulfil these and other demands, Brazil has established actions focused on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity through research programmes and networks. In this context, this work has identified the progress regarding the creation and strengthening of research networks in biodiversity, as well as the results obtained through the development of products, especially bio-pharmaceuticals. However, the Provisional Policy No. 2.186-16/2001, considered to be the regulatory framework regarding the genetic resources in Brazil, has established norms that have caused obstructions to the development of bioprospective research. As a result, there is a common agreement about the need to improve the Provisional Policy No. 2.186-16/2001, which is presently in course through a Law Bill. In face of these facts, it is hoped that the networks and programmes in bioprospection can transform the natural resources in economic gain, leverage the scientific and technological development and add value to the goods and services derived from these natural resources.
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Khera, Smriti. "Drug lead discovery through plant bioprospecting in Latin America." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282898.

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The bioassay guided fractionation of two Latin American plants, structure elucidation of pure isolates, and LC/MS studies of six plant extracts is presented here along with the structure determination of two compounds using X-ray diffraction. The bioassay guided fractionation of the antibacterial and antitubercular CH2Cl2-MeOH extracts of the Argentinean plant Caiophora coronata Hook. et Arn. (Loasaceae) and the Chilean plant Myrcianthes coquimbensis (Barn.) Landrum et Grifo (Myrtaceae) respectively led to the isolation and complete structure elucidation of nine compounds from the active fractions. Three of these isolates were determined to be new. Namely, a new triterpene, 1beta,3beta-dihydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid, a new iridoid, 1alpha-methoxy-6alpha,10-dihydroxyisoepiiridomyrmecin (caiophoraenin) from C. coronata and a new monoterpene (1S,3 S,4R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-1,3-cyclohexanediol from M. coqumibensis. All chemical structures were established unequivocally by physical and spectroscopic techniques including-melting point, optical rotation, 1D and 2D NMR, HR-FABMS, and FT-IR. Absolute configuration of the new monoterpene was established by Mosher's esterification. The antibacterial activity of all isolates from C. coronata were determined against methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and -resistant (MRSA) strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis (BS), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF), Escherichia coli (EC), E. coli imp (ECimp), and Candida albicans (CA). 1beta,3beta-Dihydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid was found active against BS, MSSA, MRSA, VREF, and ECimp with MIC values of 2, 4, 4, 4 and 16 mug/ml respectively, whereas, other isolates were essentially inactive. The antitubercular activity of all isolates from M. coquimbensis was evaluated against M. tuberculosis using the microplate alamar blue assay. Oleanolic acid was determined to be the active principle of the extract with an MIC value of 29.66 mug/mL whereas other isolates were regarded as inactive (MIC > 128 mug/mL). Chemical investigations by LC/MS of species closely related to C. coronata and M. coquimbensis were also conducted. Structure solutions by single crystal X-ray crystallography, of an iridoid (4R,5R,7S,8S,9 S)-(-)-7-hydroxy-8-hydroxymethyl-4-methylperhydrocyclopenta[ c]pyran-1-one, and a fernane (3R,5S,9 R,10S,13S,14S,17 R,18R,21R)-(-)-fern-7-ene-3alpha-ol, isolated from the antitubercular methanolic extracts of Valeriana laxiflora DC (Valerianaceae) and Sebastiania brasiliensis Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae) respectively is also presented. The absolute configuration of these compounds was also determined.
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Flagg, Melissa L. "Bioprospecting, chemical investigations and drug discovery from Chilean plants." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284167.

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This dissertation, completed as part of an International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) Program, encompasses the field collection, taxonomic determination, bioassay-guided isolation, and chemical characterization of three plants native to Chile, each of which was collected using a distinct collection approach. Chuquiraga ulicina ssp. ulicina , collected by the ecological or environmental strategy, yielded ten compounds including four novel taraxastane-type triterpenoids, 3β-acetoxy-6β-hydroxytaraxasta-20-ene (1), 6β-hydroxytaraxast-20-en-3-one (2), 6β-hydroxytaraxasta-20-ene 3β-palmitate (3), and 3β, 6β-dihydroxytaraxasta-20-ene (4), together with the known triterpenoids lupeol (5), lupenyl acetate (6), lupenone (7), friedelinol ( 8), 3β-acetoxy-30-nor-lupan-20-one (9), and 30-norlupan-3β-ol-20-one (10). Lupeol (5) was the only compound to show antitubercular activity. Sphacele salviae, collected by the ethnobotanical or ethnomedical approach, allowed the isolation of three known compounds, including the two abietane diterpenoids carnosol ( 11) and rosmadial (12), as well as one pentacyclic triterpenoid, ursolic acid (13). Greigia sphacelata, collected according to the random approach, afforded nine compounds. These include the two novel flavanones 5,7,3'-trihydroxy-6,4' ,5'-trimethoxy flavanone (14) and 5,3'-dihydroxy-6,7,4',5 '-tetramethoxy flavanone (15), as well as four known phenylpropanoids, 1,3-O-di-trans-p-coumaroylglycerol (16), 1-O-trans-cournaroylglycerol (17 ), 1-(ω-feruloyldocosanoyl)glycerol and 1-(ω-feruloyltetracosanoyl)glycerol (18), and trans-ferulic acid 22-hydroxy docosanoic acid ester (19), and three known pentacyclic triterpenoids, arborinone (20), arborinol (21), and isoarborinol (22).
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8

Kagaba, James. "Bioprospecting for novel lipases from indigenous olive wastewater biofilms." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2828.

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Thesis (MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
Lipase-catalysed chemical transformations are today routinely considered by synthetic organic chemists as economical and competitive “green chemistry” alternatives. Although lipases can effortlessly be produced on a large-scale by fermentation, their industrial application was, until recently, limited to the detergent, oleo-chemistry and dairy industry. However, during the last few decades, the biotechnological application of lipases has expanded significantly, becoming indispensable in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, single cell protein production, biosensor preparations and waste management. Similarly, lipases have become a vital ingredient in the contemporary food processing industry with applications ranging from fruit juice production to baked foods, vegetable fermentations and dairy enrichment. Furthermore, lipases are routinely used as flavour development agents in cheese, butter and margarine products. Lipases are also applied in the leather industry for processing hides and skins and for treatment of activated sludge and other aerobic waste product treatments where its action enhances oxygen transfer. While lipases currently account for less than 21 % of the enzyme market, a growing interest in lipases is reflected by the publication of an average of 1000 research papers per year and the growing number of available lipases since the 1980s. There is a sustained interest to bioprospect for novel lipase enzymes from available unexplored biodiversity. This study aimed to screen for lipase-producing microorganisms resident in olive wastewater biofilms. Lipase activity of positive isolates was subsequently also quantitatively determined to select for the highest producers of true lipases. A Geotrichum candidum isolate from olive mill wastewater biofilms was selected for subsequent studies based on its superior lipase production phenotype. Using a yeast mediated ligation approach the G. candidum GCL1 lipase gene was cloned and heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an enzyme production host. The recombinant lipase was purified and analysed in terms of substrate specificity, pH optima, temperature optima and stability as well as organic solvent tolerance. The G. candidum gcl1 lipase presented enhanced thermo- and organic solvent-stability that are highly sought after traits for industrial application.
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Takeshita, Chikako. "Coordinates of Control: Indigenous Peoples and Knowledges in Bioprospecting Rhetoric." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41439.

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In this thesis, I draw attention to how representations of indigenous peoples and knowledges in the rhetoric of bioprospecting weave the people into multiple coordinates of discursive control. Bioprospecting, or the exploration of biological resources in search of valuable genetic and chemical material for commercial use, is portrayed by proponents as an ideal project which benefit all of its stakeholders. I challenge such perception by exposing the power relationships underlying bioprospecting proposals as well as the various interests built into their rhetoric. My particular interest lies in exploring the implications for indigenous peoples whose appearances in bioprospecting proposals are less than voluntary. I make three claims: (1) that the representation of indigenous peoples as stewards of the environment is a role assigned to them, which is then circulated and mobilized within the bioprospecting rhetoric in order to support its arguments concerning biodiversity conservation; (2) that indigenous knowledges of the environment, of medicinal plants in particular, are taken out of their original socio-cultural contexts, utilized, appropriated, and valorized by bioprospectors who construct the rhetoric; (3) that the visibility of indigenous peoples and knowledges, which was heightened as a result of the increased interest taken in controlling them, opens up new opportunities for the people to resist misappropriation and struggle for self-definition. In short, this project takes indigenous peoples and knowledges as the intersection of forces and interests comprising an intricate web of power relationships, within which any participant can attempt to empower oneself either by resisting or manipulating the control to which one is exposed.
Master of Science
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10

Davis, Jason Michael. "Reconsidering Antarctic Bioprospecting through Territorialities of Science, Property, and Governance." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299535648.

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Books on the topic "Bioprospecting"

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Paterson, Russell, and Nelson Lima, eds. Bioprospecting. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47935-4.

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Bull, Alan T., ed. Microbial Diversity and Bioprospecting. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817770.

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Girisham, S., S. Ram Reddy, and M. A. Singara Charya. Microbial diversity: Exploration & bioprospecting. Edited by Kakatiya University. Jodhpur: Scientific Publishers (India), 2012.

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Thangadurai, Devarajan, Jeyabalan Sangeetha, and Ram Prasad, eds. Bioprospecting Algae for Nanosized Materials. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81557-8.

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Singh, Joginder, Deepansh Sharma, Gaurav Kumar, and Neeta Raj Sharma, eds. Microbial Bioprospecting for Sustainable Development. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0053-0.

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Pan, Peter G. Bioprospecting: Issues and policy considerations. Honolulu, Hawaii: Legislative Reference Bureau, 2006.

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Arunachalam, Karuppusamy, Xuefei Yang, and Sreeja Puthanpura Sasidharan, eds. Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28780-0.

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New Zealand. Ministry of Economic Development. Resources & Networks Branch., ed. Bioprospecting in New Zealand: Discussing the options. Wellington, N.Z: Resources and Networks Branch, Ministry of Economic Development, 2002.

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9

Glowka, Lyle. Towards a certification system for bioprospecting activities. Bern: State Secretariat for Economic Affairs, 2001.

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10

Smith, Rodney B. W. Royalties and benefit sharing contracts in bioprospecting. Delhi: Institute of Economic Growth, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bioprospecting"

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McFarland, Brian Joseph. "Bioprospecting." In Conservation of Tropical Rainforests, 527–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63236-0_14.

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Borris, Robert P. "Bioprospecting: An Industrial Perspective." In Bioprospecting, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47935-4_1.

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Stierle, Andrea A., and Donald B. Stierle. "Secondary Metabolites of Mine Waste Acidophilic Fungi." In Bioprospecting, 213–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47935-4_10.

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Srivastava, S. K. "Insect Bioprospecting Especially in India." In Bioprospecting, 245–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47935-4_11.

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Melo, Luís D. R., Hugo Oliveira, Sílvio B. Santos, Sanna Sillankorva, and Joana Azeredo. "Phages Against Infectious Diseases." In Bioprospecting, 269–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47935-4_12.

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Shaw, Julia. "The Role of Biodiversity Centres in Bioprospecting: A Case Study from Sarawak." In Bioprospecting, 295–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47935-4_13.

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Paterson, Russell, and Nelson Lima. "Bioprospecting Insights." In Bioprospecting, 299–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47935-4_14.

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Tvedt, Morten Walløe. "Legal and Ethnoecological Components of Bioprospecting." In Bioprospecting, 15–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47935-4_2.

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Firsova, Daria, Nipun Mahajan, Hiren Solanki, Christine Morrow, and Olivier P. Thomas. "Current Status and Perspectives in Marine Biodiscovery." In Bioprospecting, 29–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47935-4_3.

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Overmann, Jörg, and David Smith. "Microbial Resource Centers Contribute to Bioprospecting of Bacteria and Filamentous Microfungi." In Bioprospecting, 51–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47935-4_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bioprospecting"

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Davis, Ryan W., Hauwen Wu, and Seema Singh. "Multispectral sorter for rapid, nondestructive optical bioprospecting for algae biofuels." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Daniel L. Farkas, Dan V. Nicolau, and Robert C. Leif. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2040538.

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Santos, Emmanuely dos, Janaina Sardi, Pedro Rosalen, Joice Graciani, Mayara Garcia, Josy Lazarini, and Luís Regasini. "Bioprospecting of chalcones against mixed biofilm of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis." In Congresso de Iniciação Científica UNICAMP. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/revpibic2720192598.

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Ruginescu, Robert, Ioana Gomoiu, Simona Neagu, Lucia Roxana Cojoc, Ionela Lucaci, Costin Batrinescu-Moteau, and Madalin Enache. "Bioprospecting for novel bacterial sources of salt-tolerant enzymes with biotechnological applications." In 5th International Scientific Conference on Microbial Biotechnology. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb22.02.

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Indrawati, Ida, Febrina Anjar Laxmi Safitri, and Nia Rossiana. "Bioprospecting of dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) fruit extract as antibacterial agent against colorectal bacteria." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICOBAS). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5115760.

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Valles, Steven M. "Bioprospecting: Sequencing of invasive pest ant transcriptomes to facilitate discovery of viral biocontrol agents." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.104875.

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Ginting, Sulaiman, Hadi S. Alikodra, Delvian, and Erni Jumilawaty. "Conservation Bioprospecting: A New Approach to Conserve the World’s Longest Snake, Python reticulatus Schneider, 1801." In International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009903800002480.

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Leite, M. C. B. S., A. R. B. Farias, F. J. Freire, F. D. Andreote, J. Kuklinsky-Sobral, and M. B. G. S. Freire. "Isolation, Bioprospecting and Diversity of Salt-Tolerant Bacteria Associated with Sugarcane in Soils of Pernambuco, Brazil." In II Inovagri International Meeting. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil: INOVAGRI/INCT-EI/INCTSal, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/ii.inovagri.2014-a498.

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Sa'adah, Noor Nailis, Adik Mayang Indiani, Awik Puji Dyah Nurhayati, and Nova Maulidina Ashuri. "Bioprospecting of parijoto fruit extract (Medinilla speciosa) as antioxidant and immunostimulant: Phagocytosis activity of macrophage cells." In THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ICBS 2019: “Biodiversity as a Cornerstone for Embracing Future Humanity”. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0016435.

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Yaseen, Misbah M. "Bioprospecting of Environmental Yeast Rhodotorula Isolated from Indian Ocean for the Production of Beta Carotene/Pre-Vitamin A." In IBRAS 2021 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCE. Juw, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37962/ibras/2021/101-103.

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Tanvir, Rabia, Imran Sajid, Shahida Hasnain, Andreas Kulik, and Stephanie Grond. "Bioprospecting of Asteraceae Medicinal Plants of Pakistan for their Associated Bioactive Endophytic Actinomycetes for New Drug Targets." In 2nd International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc-2-a004.

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