Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biopolymers – Biotechnology

Academic literature on the topic 'Biopolymers – Biotechnology'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Biopolymers – Biotechnology"

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Chow, Dominic, Michelle L. Nunalee, Dong Woo Lim, Andrew J. Simnick, and Ashutosh Chilkoti. "Peptide-based biopolymers in biomedicine and biotechnology." Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports 62, no. 4 (September 2008): 125–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2008.04.004.

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Davies, M. J. "Antibacterial biopolymers." Trends in Biotechnology 19, no. 4 (April 2001): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7799(01)01617-1.

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Klivenko, A. N., B. Kh Mussabayeva, B. S. Gaisina, and A. N. Sabitova. "Biocompatible cryogels: preparation and application." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Chemistry" series 103, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021ch3/4-20.

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Polymer cryogels are very promising for producing functional materials. Their porous structure makes them indispensable for some areas of medicine, catalysis, and biotechnology. In this review we focused on methods for producing cryogels based on biopolymers, interpolyelectrolyte complexes of biopolymers, and composite cryogels based on them. First, the properties of cryogels and brief theoretical information about the production of cryogels based on biopolymers were considered. The second section summarizes the latest advances in the production of cryogels based on complexes of biopolymers and composite cryogels. The features of the synthesis and the factors affecting the final properties of materials were considered. In the final part the fields of application of cryogels of the considered types in biotechnology, catalysis and medicine were studied in detail. In biotechnology cryogels are used to immobilize molecules and cells, as a basis for cell growth, and as chromatographic materials for cell separation. In catalysis cryogels are used as a matrix for the immobilization of metal nanoparticles, as well as for the immobilization of enzymes. Biocompatible cryogels and their composites are widely used in medicine for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration, drug delivery, providing a long-term profile of drug release in the body.
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Gobi, Ravichandran, Palanisamy Ravichandiran, Ravi Shanker Babu, and Dong Jin Yoo. "Biopolymer and Synthetic Polymer-Based Nanocomposites in Wound Dressing Applications: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 12 (June 13, 2021): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13121962.

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Biopolymers are materials obtained from a natural origin, such as plants, animals, microorganisms, or other living beings; they are flexible, elastic, or fibrous materials. Polysaccharides and proteins are some of the natural polymers that are widely used in wound dressing applications. In this review paper, we will provide an overview of biopolymers and synthetic polymer-based nanocomposites, which have promising applications in the biomedical research field, such as wound dressings, wound healing, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and medical implants. Since these polymers have intrinsic biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, non-toxicity, and biodegradable properties, they can be used for various clinical applications. The significant advancements in materials research, drug development, nanotechnology, and biotechnology have laid the foundation for changing the biopolymeric structural and functional properties. The properties of biopolymer and synthetic polymers were modified by blending them with nanoparticles, so that these materials can be used as a wound dressing application. Recent wound care issues, such as tissue repairs, scarless healing, and lost tissue integrity, can be treated with blended polymers. Currently, researchers are focusing on metal/metal oxide nanomaterials such as zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium oxide (CeO2), silver (Ag), titanium oxide (TiO2), iron oxide (Fe2O3), and other materials (graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNT)). These materials have good antimicrobial properties, as well as action as antibacterial agents. Due to the highly antimicrobial properties of the metal/metal oxide materials, they can be used for wound dressing applications.
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Sack, Eveline L. W., Paul W. J. J. van der Wielen, and Dick van der Kooij. "Flavobacterium johnsoniae as a Model Organism for Characterizing Biopolymer Utilization in Oligotrophic Freshwater Environments." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 19 (July 29, 2011): 6931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00372-11.

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ABSTRACTBiopolymers are important substrates for heterotrophic bacteria in oligotrophic freshwater environments, but information on bacterial growth kinetics with biopolymers is scarce. The objective of this study was to characterize bacterial biopolymer utilization in these environments by assessing the growth kinetics ofFlavobacterium johnsoniaestrain A3, which is specialized in utilizing biopolymers at μg liter−1levels. Growth of strain A3 with amylopectin, xyloglucan, gelatin, maltose, or fructose at 0 to 200 μg C liter−1in tap water followed Monod or Teissier kinetics, whereas growth with laminarin followed Teissier kinetics. Classification of the specific affinity of strain A3 for the tested substrates resulted in the following affinity order: laminarin (7.9 × 10−2liter·μg−1of C·h−1) ≫ maltose > amylopectin ≈ gelatin ≈ xyloglucan > fructose (0.69 × 10−2liter·μg−1of C·h−1). No specific affinity could be determined for proline, but it appeared to be high. Extracellular degradation controlled growth with amylopectin, xyloglucan, or gelatin but not with laminarin, which could explain the higher affinity for laminarin. The main degradation products were oligosaccharides or oligopeptides, because only some individual monosaccharides and amino acids promoted growth. A higher yield and a lower ATP cell−1level was achieved at ≤10 μg C liter−1than at >10 μg C liter−1with every substrate except gelatin. The high specific affinities of strain A3 for different biopolymers confirm that some representatives of the classesCytophagia-Flavobacteriaare highly adapted to growth with these compounds at μg liter−1levels and support the hypothesis thatCytophagia-Flavobacteriaplay an important role in biopolymer degradation in (ultra)oligotrophic freshwater environments.
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Majone, Mauro, Martin Koller, and Marianna Villano. "Special Issue of New Biotechnology: “Biopolymers Eu Symposium”." New Biotechnology 37 (July 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2017.02.004.

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Sokolov, A. Y., and D. I. Shishkina. "Study of the structural and mechanical properties of biopolymers in order to obtain a capsule-type product." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-1-248-252.

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The article presents some theoretical and experimental data on promising technologies, namely, the processes of obtaining artificial food materials such as spheres or "caviar". They are derived from molecular processes: solubilization, spherification, etc. Possible applications are the food industry, the food service industry, biotechnology, and others. There are different features of obtaining artificial products based on alginates. The peculiarities of the alginate structuring are that it is possible to form a gel layer-encapsulation and gel formation over the entire thickness of the product due to the special chemical properties of the fixing salt. Based on the theory of the molecular structure of biopolymers, molecular technologies for the synthesis of artificial food products were developed, using the example of molecular "caviar". As a result of our own experiments, we obtained a satisfactory encapsulated product from a biopolymer crosslinked with Ca2+ salts in terms of organoleptic and physico-chemical properties. The colloidal biopolymer solution for forming "eggs" was characterized using the method of rotational viscometry, which showed the features of the sodium alginate solution as a structured thixotropic material, which is characterized by" difficulty " of shear at low speeds of rotation of the viscometer rotor. Further on the rheogram, such material exhibits a predicted relatively stable flow. As a result, it can be used to produce semi-finished products of a given shape and texture as a food semi-finished product or product. If the technology is refined, it is possible to use colloidal systems based on alginates and other biopolymers in biotechnology, including the cultivation of microorganisms of various taxonomic groups.
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CHILKOTI, A., T. CHRISTENSEN, and J. MACKAY. "Stimulus responsive elastin biopolymers: applications in medicine and biotechnology." Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 10, no. 6 (December 2006): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.10.010.

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Roller, S., and I. C. M. Dea. "Biotechnology in the Production and Modification of Biopolymers for Foods." Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 12, no. 3 (January 1992): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07388559209069195.

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Houghton, Jennifer I., and Joanne Quarmby. "Biopolymers in wastewater treatment." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 10, no. 3 (June 1999): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669(99)80045-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biopolymers – Biotechnology"

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Woolnough, Catherine Anne School of Biotechnology &amp Biomolecular Science UNSW. "Biodegradation, surface rugosities and biofilm coverage of biopolymers." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30426.

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The increasing concern for sustainability and progress of medical research has resulted in the emergence of a wide range of biopolymers. The biodegradability of these alternative biopolymers requires investigation prior to their application in environmental and medical systems. This Thesis describes biodegradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(HB-co-HV)), poly(3- hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO), poly-DL-lactide (PDLL), poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide (PDLLG) and ethyl cellulose (EC). Polymers were buried in garden soil for in vivo biodegradation experiments and a mixed population of microbes from the soil were incubated in laboratory in vitro biodegradation experiments. In both systems the short chain length PHA???s degraded rapidly and the medium chain length PHAs and other biomaterials displayed either slow or negligible weight loss. PHB and P(HB-co-HV) copolymers degraded to T50 6.7 to 9.7 times faster in vitro than in vivo. After 380 days burial in soil PHO had lost 60 % of the original 20 mg weight, PDLL 28 % and PDLLG 35 %. Ethyl cellulose and polystyrene did not biodegrade, Polymer-microbe surface interactions were investigated. The faster degrading polymers PHB and P(HB-co-HV) attracted a higher coverage of biofilm than the slower degrading polymers PHO, PDLL and PDLLG for both the in vitro and in vivo experiments. The non-degradable polymers (EC and polystyrene) attracted no biofilm. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated a positive correlation between biofilm coverage and polymer weight loss. Additionally the rougher air sides of solvent cast films attracted more biofilm than the smoother dish sides. Polymer surface changes were quantified with microscopy. Surface roughness of PHB, P(HB-co-8HV) and PHO increased during biodegradation, primarily due to an increase in the waviness component for both in vitro and in vivo degradation. In vitro methods provided a rapid mechanism for protocol development and sufficiently predicted both surface roughness changes and biofilm-biodegradation relationships in vivo. PHB and P(HB-co-8HV) were blended with the biodegradable antifouling agent 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOI or Sea Nine 211). DCOI leached slowly from the films into the soil delaying biodegradation of the films until a lower residual level of DCOI remained. Biofouling was reduced on PHA films containing DCOI.
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Ohlhoff, Colin Walter. "Biopolymer gene discovery and characterization using metagenomic libraries." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1801.

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Chalkiadakis, Eleftherios. "Bio-prospection et biodiversité des micro-organismes des milieux atypiques des lagons de la Nouvelle-Calédonie : Premières évaluations du potentiel de production de nouvelles molécules d’intérêt biotechnologique." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NCAL0054/document.

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Le milieu marin constitue la plus grande partie de la biosphère et contient les formes les plus anciennes et les plus variées de la vie. Les espèces microbiennes, relativement négligées jusqu’à présent, pourraient bien être le principal gisement de nouvelles molécules des prochaines décennies grâce à leurs adaptations à un environnement marin atypique et/ou à des conditions extrêmes (zones hydrothermales, sédiments des fonds sous-marins, lagunes hyper-salines, continent arctique et antarctique, tapis microbiens…). La Nouvelle-Calédonie est dotée de milieux naturels littoraux, côtiers et marins au sein desquels existent des gradients thermiques, d’hypersalure/dessalure, de chocs UV, de pH, d’évaporation, d’inondation/exondation… qui déterminent des habitats atypiques dans lesquels les micro-organismes doivent développer des stratégies adaptatives et de défense potentiellement uniques. Un travail de bioprospection de ces milieux atypiques a ainsi permis la création d’une souchothèque riche à ce jour de 771 isolats bactériens néo-calédoniens. Sur la base de cette collection, des études ont été engagées pour la recherche et la caractérisation de biopolymères de type exopolysaccharides (EPS) et polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHA). Les EPS sont des complexes osidiques de grande taille dont la composition est variable selon l’organisme producteur. Les PHAs sont des macromolécules formées de liaisons ester présentant de fortes similitudes avec les plastiques issues de la pétrochimie mais sont totalement biodégradables et biocompatibles. Les débouchés pour la valorisation des biopolymères marins sont très variés et touche plusieurs secteurs comme la cosmétique (gélifiant épaississant, antirides, etc.) la santé (immunostimulation, anticoagulant, cicatrisant), l’agroalimentaire, la bioremédiation les emballages, l’enrobage… Les criblages réalisés sur l’ensemble de la collection pour les deux types de polymères ont permis de mettre en évidence qu’une part importante des souches de la collection étaient potentiellement capables de sécréter ces polymères. À l’heure actuelle, 10 types d’EPS et 5 types de PHAs ont été produits et caractérisés afin de cibler des domaines d’applications. L’étude des bactéries marines pour leur faculté à produire des polymères est donc un secteur en pleine expansion et les premiers résultats montrent que ce type de biotechnologies pourrait constituer une perspective de développement intéressante pour la Nouvelle-Calédonie
Previous works on marine bacteria led to the discovery of molecules of great biotechnological interest. Under unusual physical and chemical conditions some microorganisms have developed various survival strategies including exopolysaccharides (EPS) and Poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production. Due to their many interesting biological, physical and chemical properties, those polymers have found applications in many industrial sectors. Due to interesting physical and chemical properties, EPS can find applications in many industrial sectors including the food industry, cosmetics, for oil and metal recovery from industrial waste and in the mining industry as well. During the last decades EPS have also been demonstrated as interesting bioactive molecules with many applications for human health. PHAs are biopolyesters accumulated as granules in bacteria in order to endure long starving periods. Those biodegradable biopolymers can be used as an alternative to petroleum derived polymers and can be produced from renewable carbon sources. PHAs exhibit a wide variety of properties and structures depending of the carbon source available and the microorganism used for the production. New Caledonia (NC) is frequently referred as a hotspot biodiversity. During a prospection campaign performed in different marine costal ecosystems of NC, a great number (770) of bacteria were isolated from different locations. Screening showed that 55% of the isolates were able to produce under lab conditions EPS and 53% to produce PHA. Partial chemical characterization was performed on purified samples using colorimetric methods, infrared spectrometry (FTIR), gas chromatography (GC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Marine bacteria from New Caledonian ecosystems were shown to produce EPS with unusual chemical composition with potential applications in cosmetics. Preliminary experiments also showed high metal-binding capacity with applications in bioremediation. Different PHAs were also produced using different types of sugars and oil as renewable resources. Blue biotechnologies can have various applications in many industrial sectors (Health, food industry, environment, cosmetics etc…) and there is a great international demand for new molecules issue from marine areas. New Caledonian marine bacteria have proved their capacity for producing innovative biopolymers with a wide range of application that can be valuating in on short time period (environment, cosmetics) or at long time (pharmaceutics, surgeries). These applications are promising in order to develop
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Rapp, Telana. "Isolation and characterisation of genes encoding biopolymer manufacturing enzymes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19968.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Biopolymers exhibit the required material properties to replace conventional, non-biodegradable, petroleum-based polymer products. They have a closed carbon cycle, making them carbon neutral and environmentally friendly. Biopolymers are produced from non-toxic substrates during in vivo enzymatic reactions. Biosynthesis of the most commercially important biopolymers is too complex to be reproduced in in vitro reactions. Identification of the genes responsible for their biosynthesis has been under investigation, with some pathways already elucidated. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of these polymers have been targeted for genetic manipulation to increase productivity, as well as create tailor-made polymers. Novel biopolymers and the genes responsible for their synthesis are of interest for their potential commercial applications. Bacteria produce a wide range of biopolymers and are being implemented as the bio-factories for biopolymer production. They are capable of utilising easily accessible and renewable carbon sources such as sucrose for polymer biosynthesis. Bacteria thus allow for economical production of these environmentally beneficial polymers. In this study, the gene responsible for the production of an unknown biopolymer from an unknown bacterium was identified. The biopolymer producing bacteria were grown on media enriched with sucrose as carbon source, during an expression library screening in a previous study. Expression library technology was used to search for the gene and it was identified as a 424 amino acid levansucrase which had a 100% homology to Leuconostoc mesenteroides M1FT levansucrase (AAT81165.1). Biopolymer analysis revealed that the biopolymer was a levan, a polysaccharide consisting of only fructose molecules with a molecular weight of ± 5 kDa. Analysis of a 516 bp fragment of the 16S rRNA determined that the unknown bacteria were a Pseudomonas species.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Bio-polimere besit noodsaaklike materiële eienskappe wat toelaat dat dit konvensionele, nie bio-afbreekbare, petroleum-gebasseerde polimeer produkte kan vervang. Hulle het n geslote koolstof kringloop en is dus koolstof neutraal en omgewingsvriendelik. Bio-polimere word vervaardig van nie-toksiese substrate, gedurende ensiematiese reaksies in vivo. Die belangrikste kommersiële bio-polimere se ensiematiese produksie is te kompleks om in ʼn in vitro reaksie te herproduseer. Ondersoeke tot die identifikasie van die gene wat verantwoordelik is vir die produksie van die polimere is onderweg, en sommige produksie paaie is reeds bekend. Die bekende gene word geteiken vir genetiese manipulasie om hulle produktiwiteit te vermeerder en om unieke polimere te produseer. Unieke bio-polimere en die gene wat vir hul produksie verantwoordelik is, is van belang vir hulle potentiële implimentering in komersiële toepassings. Bakteria produseer ʼn verskeidenheid bio-polimere en word as die bio-fabrieke vir polimeerproduksie geimplimenteer. Hulle kan maklik bekombare koolstofbronne, soos sukrose, gebruik om bio-polimere te produseer. Bakteria laat dus die ekonomiese produksie van hierdie omgewingsvriendelike polimere toe. In hierdie studie word die geen wat verantwoordelik is vir die produksie van ʼn onbekende bio-polimeer van ʼn onbekende bakteria, geidentifiseer. Die bakteria was gevind op media, wat verryk was met sukrose as koolstofbron, tydens ʼn vorige studie, waartydens ʼn uitdrukkingsbiblioteek gesif was op hierdie media. Uitdrukkingsbiblioteek tegnologie was gebruik om die geen te vind. Die geen was geidentifiseer as ʼn 424 aminosuur, homo-fruktose-polimeer produseerende geen, ʼn “levansucrase”. Die geen het ʼn 100% homologie met die M1FT “levansucrase” geen (AAT81165.1) van Leuconostoc mesenteroides gehad. Analise van die bio-polimeer het bepaal dat die polimeer ʼn polisakkaried was, wat slegs uit fruktose molekules bestaan het. Die molekulêre gewig van die polimeer was ± 5 kDa. Analise van ʼn 516 bp fragment van die 16S rRNS het bepaal dat die bakteria van die Pseudomonas spesie afkomstig was.
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Swart, Corne. "Production of libraries to study biopolymer metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana and Tylosema esculentum." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85607.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Biopolymers and bio-degradable polymers are of utmost importance to ensure a sustainable economy. Industry depends on raw material, which in many cases are derived from fossil fuels, but in light of looming energy crises and green revolutions attention is being directed at cellulose and starch biopolymers. This study was therefore set forth to investigate novel genetic key elements of cell wall metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana and starch synthesis in an under-utilized southern African crop plant, Tylosema esculentum. In the first section of the study a cDNA library of good quality was constructed from regenerating A. thaliana protoplasts as it was expected to be enriching for genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis. Small scale EST sequencing of the library confirmed that a few sequences were similar to genes identified to be highly expressed during protoplast regeneration. The library was to be screened by expression in a microalgae as it is anticipated that cell wall metabolising genes would change the wall structure and visibly alter the colony morphology. An attempt was made at establishing a high-throughput transformation system in the unicellular algae Chlorella protothecoides in which the library was proposed to be screened. Conventional microalgal transformation techniques do not appear to be effective in this strain as the study produced no transgenic algae. Alternative studies into a screening system within another species could still lead to the identification of cell wall biosynthetic genes, which was the first objective in the study. The second objective in the study was to investigate the potential of the orphan crop T. esculentum as starch-producing cash-crop in developing southern African countries. In this section of the study a cDNA library of good quality was produced form the tuber of T. esculentum. The library was transferred to an expression vector and screened functionally in E. coli for the presence of sequences with starch synthase activity. No sequences have been identified yet and screening procedures are still on-going. The starch content in the tuber has also been determined for the first time. The relatively high starch content in combination with low agricultural inputs indicate the potential of the plant as an industrial starch source. Further investigations into the nature of the starch are proposed to identify prospective buyers within the industry.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Biopolimere en bio-afbreekbare polimere is van kardinale belang om ‘n volhoubare ekonomie te ontwikkel. Industriële toepassings maak op die oomblik hoofsaaklik staat op fossielbrandstof verwante bronne, maar met die oog op ‘n groen revolusie en energie krissise wat dreig word meer belangstelling getoon in sellulose en stysel biopolimere. Hierdie studie is daarom onderneem om genetiese elemente te identifiseer wat betrokke is by die sintese van die selwand in Arabidopsis thaliana en stysel sintese in die suider Afrikaanse gewas Tylosema esculentum wat grotendeels onderbenut is. In die eerste deel van die studie is ‘n cDNA biblioteek, van goeie kwaliteit, geskep vanuit A. thaliana protoplaste wat besig was om hulle selwande te herbou. Dit word verwag dat die protoplaste gedurende die tydperk aktief besig sal wees om gene uit te druk wat betrokke is by selwandsintese. DNA volgordebepaling het bevestig dat ‘n klein aantal volgordes ooreengestem het met gene wat voorheen gevind was om in ‘n oormaat uitgedruk te word tydens die herbou van protoplas-selwande. Daar was beoog om die biblioteek in ‘n mikroalge uit te druk en sodoende die morfologie op kolonievlak waar te neem vir verandering wat in die selwand meegebring is. Om hierdie rede was die doel om ‘n hoë opbrengs transformasie sisteem te ontwikkel in die mikroalge Chlorella protothecoides. Algemene mikroalge transformasie tegnieke blyk om nie effektief in die spesie te wees nie aangesien geen transgeniese alge waargeneem is nie. Die ontwikkeling van ‘n soortgelyke proses in ‘n ander spesie kan steeds lei na die ontdekking van gene betrokke by selwandsintese in A. thaliana wat die eerste uitkoms van die projek as geheel was. Die tweede uitkoms van die projek was om te ondersoek wat die waarskynlikheid was om T. esculentum te kommersialiseer as ‘n stysel gewas en sodoende ‘n inkomste te skep vir arm boere in ontwikkelende lande in suider Afrika. In hierdie gedeelte van die projek was daar ‘n goeie cDNA biblioteek geskep uit die knol van T. esculentum. Die biblioteek is oorgedra na ‘n plasmied waarop dit aktief uitgedruk kon word in Escherischia coli G6MD2 en daar is gesoek na volgordes wat lei na die sintese van stysel in hierdie bakterieë. Tot op hede is geen sulke volgordes gevind nie, maar die ondersoek gaan steeds voort. Die styselinhoud van die knol is ook vir die eerste keer bepaal in hierdie ondersoek. ‘n Styselinhoud wat relatief hoog is en die lae moeite wat geverg word om die gewas te verbou toon dat die plant potensieel het as ‘n kommersiële bron van stysel. Verdere ondersoeke in die aard van die stysel word ook voorgestel om toekomstige industriële kopers te identifiseer.
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Kubo, Tatiana Miyuki Ogawa. "Preparação e caracterização de microparticulas de hialuronato de sodio para encapsulação e liberação controlada de proteinas para aplicação nasal." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267236.

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Orientador: Maria Helena Andrade Santana
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho foi feito o estudo da preparação de microesferas de hialuronato de sódio pelo método de emulsificação e evaporação de solvente, utilizando temperatura como agente de retificação física. O assunto foi abordado com ênfase na influência das condições operacionais do processo nas propriedades físico-químicas das microesferas e na sua capacidade de incorporação de proteínas, visando atender os requisitos da administração nasal. Inicialmente, a albumina de soro bovino foi usada como proteína modelo e, na segunda etapa, a ovoalbumina foi incorporada nas melhores condições do processo. Para conferir maior resistência mecânica às partículas e prolongar o tempo de liberação da proteína encapsulada, foi utilizado um segundo método de preparação, também por emulsificação, porem com reticulação química feita pela ligação cruzada (crosslinking), com dihidrazida adípica (ADH) em meio aquosos. As microesferas foram caracterizadas pelo seu diâmetro médio e distribuição de tamanhos, morfololgia, cristalinidade, mucoadesividade, intumescimento, eficiência de encapsulação e perfil de liberação das proteínas encapsuladas, eficiência de encapsulação e perfil de liberação das proteínas encapsuladas. Para as partículas reticuladas com ADH, o grau de reticulação foi correlacionado com a sua capacidade de intumescimento e com a cinética de liberação da proteína. Esses efeitos foram caracterizados através do coeficiente de difusão da ovoalbumina nas partículas com diferentes graus de reticulação... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: This work describes the study of sodium hyaluronate microspheres preparation through the emulsification and solvent evaporation technique, using temperature as the physical crosslinking agent. The subject was analyzed with emphasis on the influence of the process operations conditions on the physical and chemical properties of the microspheres and on its protein encapsulation capacity, willing to attend the nasal administration requirements. Initially, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as model protein, and in the second step, ovoalbumin (OVA) was incorporated using the best process conditions. In order to improve the mechanical resistance of the particles and extend the release time of the encapsulated protein, a second preparation method, also based on an emulsification but involving a chemical crosslinking reaction using adipic dihidrazide (ADH) in an aqueous solution, was evaluated. The microspheres were characterized by the mean diameter and size distribution, morphology, cristallinity, mucoadhesiveness, swelling capacity, encapsulation efficiency and release profile of the encapsulated proteins. For the particles crosslinked with ADH, the degree of crosslinking was correlated to the swelling capacity and with the protein release kinetics. These effects were characterized by the diffusion coefficient of ovoalbumin from the particles with different crosslinking degrees. The results showed the feasubillity of the sodium hyaluronate microspheres production, its protein encapsulation capability and the flexibility to modulate its properties according to the process conditions... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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7

Matias, Fernanda. "Caracterização de linhagens bacterianas isoladas da biodiversidade brasileira quanto à produção de biopolímeros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-17042009-145400/.

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O lixo urbano tem sido apontado como um dos maiores poluentes ambientais. O lixo plástico chega a representar 20% do volume do lixo doméstico. Como alternativa aos plásticos petroquímicos, produtos plásticos menos agressivos ao meio ambiente e mais biodegradáveis têm sido estudados, entre eles os polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA). Os PHA são poliésteres biodegradáveis acumulados como material de reserva por inúmeras bactérias e que possuem aplicabilidade comercial bastante abrangente. Recentemente, os actinomicetos passaram a ser estudados para a produção destes polímeros. Em trabalho prévio, 53 novas linhagens de actinomicetos produtoras de biopolímeros foram isoladas de solo. Neste trabalho foi feita a seleção das bactérias quanto aos polímeros produzidos em diferentes de carbono. Das quatro linhagens selecionadas, duas foram analisadas quanto à produção de um novo polímero. Nas outras duas linhagens foram amplificados e estudados os genes sintetizadores dos polímeros. Em todas as linhagens foram feitas análises taxonômicas e cultivos em rejeitos industriais.
The urban waste has been described as one of the largest environmental pollutants. The plastic garbage can represent up to 20% of the volume of household waste. As an alternative to petrochemical plastics, plastic products less damaging to the environment and more biodegradable have been studied, among them polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). The PHA is a biodegradable polyester material accumulated as a reserve material by many bacteria and they have very broad commercial applicability. Recently, the actinomycetes have been studied for the production of polymers. In previous work, 53 new strains of actinomycetes producers of polymers were isolated from soil. In this work the bacterial the selection of bacteria was made concerning the polymers production on different carbon. Of the four strains selected, two were analyzed for the production of a new polymer. In the other two strains were amplified and studied the genes of polymers synthases. In all lineages were analyzed taxonomically and in cultivation on industrial waste.
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Mello, Karine Gargioni Pereira Correa de. "Síntese e avaliações físico-químicas de quitosanas quimicamente modificadas pela inserção de radicais de anidrido succínico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9135/tde-19012018-135156/.

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A N-succinil-quitosana é um derivado quimicamente modificado do polímero quitosana. A inserção de radicais de anidrido succínico nas aminas protonadas presentes ao longo da cadeia do polímero quitosana, conferem diferentes características físico-químicas à molécula de quitosana. Esta modificação química possibilitou à quitosana, solubilidade em pHs que variam do ácido (2.0) até alcalino (14.0). Estas propriedades são atribuídas ao alongamento da cadeia alquílica, que afasta a ponte hidrofílica da cadeia fechada da D-glicosamina, facilitando o acesso da água, a qual irá estabelecer uma interação mais forte com a molécula de quitosana. Esta propriedade não está presente em amostras de quitosana pura, a qual sabe-se que solubiliza-se apenas em pHs abaixo de 5.5.
The N-succinil-chitosan is a chemically modified derivative of the biopolymer chitosan. The succinic anhydride attached to the free amino groups presented along the chitosan\'s polymer chain imparts to the molecule different physicochemical properties not exhibited before the modification. These chemical modifications enhance chitosan\'s solubility in slightly acid, neutral and alkaline media. These properties are related to the long alkyllic chains attached to hydrophilic parts. In this case the hydrophilic part of D-¬glucosamine promotes stronger interactions with the water molecules, and consequently, enhances the solubility of the chitosan polymer. It is worthy mentioning that non-modified free chitosan is soluble only in acidic medium (pH ≤5.5).
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Rozo, Yeimy Paola Galindo. "Bioprospecção de genes relacionados à biossíntese de polímeros biodegradáveis a partir de uma biblioteca metagenômica de solo de Mata Atlântica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-30052012-084230/.

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a triagem de PHA sintases numa biblioteca metagenômica de solo de Mata Atlântica, empregando duas técnicas de busca: o método de detecção fenotípica e a técnica de PCR. Resultados positivos foram obtidos com este último, empregando iniciadores descritos na literatura e iniciadores descritos neste trabalho. Em 10.67% dos clones da biblioteca foram obtidos amplicons, dos quais 7 foram seqüenciados, apresentando similaridade para os genes phaC dos tipos II e IV. Adicionalmente, 67 clones positivos para a classe III foram obtidos e 4 destes foram seqüenciados. Duas das seqüências obtidas mostraram alta similaridade com o gene codificador da enzima glutamina sintetase tipo I, outro deles para a proteína hipotética conservada pertencente à família de enzimas oxidoredutases e a outra para o componente D do gene hidrogenase-4. A partir da análise dos resultados, iniciadores mais específicos são propostos. Assim, a técnica de PCR foi mais eficiente na detecção de genes da biossíntese de PHA na biblioteca metagenômica estudada.
To perform a PHA synthase screening in a metagenomic library from Atlantic forest soil two search methods were applied: phenotypic detection and PCR. Positive results with PCR were obtained by using primers described in the literature and proposed in this study. Amplicons were obtained in 10.67% of the library, 7 of them were sequenced showing similarity with class II and IV phaC genes. In addition, 67 positive clones for class III were obtained and 4 of them were sequenced. Two of these sequences showed high similarity to the glutamine synthase gene type I, the third one showed similarity to the conserved hypothetical protein of the reductase family, and the forth presented similarity to the component D of the hidrogenase-4. According to the results, more specific primers are suggested. Therefore, PCR was more efficient in the detection of PHA biosynthesis genes in the studied metagenomic library.
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Borgognoni, Camila Figueiredo. "Microencapsulação por liofilização de D-limoneno em maltodextrina e quitosana modificada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9133/tde-24012018-093149/.

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A quitosana é um biopolímero produzido a partir da quitina, presente na casca de crustáceos. O grande interesse nesta substância é atribuído à sua diversidade de aplicações industriais. A quitosana utilizada neste estudo foi quimicamente modificada para tornar-se solúvel em água. Estudou-se a estabilidade de emulsões de d-limoneno com esta quitosana, a retenção e liberação do aroma contido nas microcápsulas liofilizadas e o comportamento higroscópico destas microcápsulas. Os mesmos estudos foram realizados com maltodextrina, para comparação, já que é um produto muito utilizado como agente de encapsulação de aromas. A estabilidade das emulsões foi analisada por espectrofotometria e por cromatografia gasosa associada à técnica da análise do espaço livre. As emulsões foram caracterizadas por microscopia óptica. A análise da liberação do aroma contido nas microcápsulas foi realizada em função da umidade relativa do ambiente e da temperatura. Observou-se boa estabilidade de emulsões de d-limoneno com quitosana succinilada ao longo do tempo e características muito distintas em relação às observadas nas outras emulsões. Verificou-se 72% de retenção de d-limoneno em maltodextrina (40% p/p) e 62% de retenção de d-limoneno em quitosana modificada (1% p/p) após o processo de liofilização, sendo que durante todas as etapas do processo de encapsulação a perda de aroma em maltodextrina foi de 72%, enquanto em quitosana modificada foi de 50%. As microcápsulas de maltodextrina sofreram colapso estrutural em ambiente de 90% de umidade relativa. Os valores de umidades de monocamada das microcápsulas decaíram com o aumento da temperatura. O calor total de sorção de microcápsulas de quitosana modificada apresentou-se superior, assim como seu coeficiente de difusividade. A área superficial dos poros de microcápsulas de quitosana modificada apresentou-se superior, absorvendo água por capilares. Conclui-se que microcápsulas de quitosana modificada podem apresentar-se como uma nova opção na escolha de agentes de encapsulação de aromas.
Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin, a component of the shells of crustaceans. It has been of interest due to their broad range of industrial applications. In this study, the chitosan used was chemically modified in order to become water soluble. It was studied the stability of d-limonene emulsion with modified chitosan, flavour retention and release and the hygroscopic behaviour of the microcapsules. The same tests were made with maltodextrin that is a product widely used as a flavour encapsulating agent. The stability of the emulsion was analyzed by spectrofotometry and by headspace/gas chromatography technique. The emulsion characterization was obtained by optical microscopy. Flavour release of microcapsules was measured under different relatives humidities and temperatures. It was observed an improvement on the stability of d-limonene emulsion with modified chitosan along the time and different characteristics in relation to the other. Retention of d-limonene after lyophilization in maltodextrin (40% w/w) was 72% and 62% in modified chitosan (1% w/w). Although, flavour released after encapsulation process in maltodextrin was 72% while in modified chitosan was 50%. Maltodextrin microcapsules presented structural collapse in 90% of relative humidity. The humidity monolayers decreased with temperature increasing for both microcapsules. The heat of sorption for the chitosan microcapsules was greater as well as its diffusivity coefficient. Its pore superficial area was greater. It was observed that chitosan microcapsules absorb water by capilariy absorption. The results suggest that chitosan microcapsules could be a new option of flavour encapsulating agent.
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Books on the topic "Biopolymers – Biotechnology"

1

Dullea, Mark. Marine biopolymers. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1994.

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Verbeek, Casparus Johannes Reinhard. Products and applications of biopolymers. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 2012.

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Kalia, Susheel. Biopolymers: Biomedical and environmental applications. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2011.

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Semenova, Maria G. Biopolymers in food colloids: Thermodynamics and molecular interactions. Leiden: Brill, 2010.

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International Centre of Biopolymer Technology, International Conference on Biopolymer Technology (1st : 1999 : Coimbra, Portugal), International Conference on Biopolymer Technology (2nd : 2000 : Ischia, Italy), and Knovel (Firm), eds. Biorelated polymers: Sustainable polymer science and technology. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 2001.

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Semenova, Maria G. Biopolymers in food colloids: Thermodynamics and molecular interactions. Leiden: Brill, 2010.

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NABC Meeting (20th 2008 Ohio State University). Reshaping American agriculture to meet its biofuel and biopolymer roles: Proceedings of the twentieth annual conference of the National Agricultural Biotechnology Council, hosted by the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, June 3-5, 2008. Ithaca, NY: National Agricultural Biotechnology Council, 2009.

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Symposium on Biomedical Functions and Biotechnology of Natural and Artificial Polymers (1995 Honolulu, Hawaii). Biomedical functions and biotechnology of natural and artificial polymers: Self-assemblies, hybrid complexes, and biological conjugates of glycans, liposomes, polyethylene glycols, polyisopropylacrylamides, and polypeptides. Mount Prospect, IL: ATL Press, 1996.

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Biopolymer engineering in food processing. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Kobayashi, Norihisa. Nanobiosystems: Processing, characterization, and applications III : 4-5 August 2010, San Diego, California, United States. Edited by SPIE (Society). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biopolymers – Biotechnology"

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Hühns, Maja, and Inge Broer. "Biopolymers." In Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 237–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02391-0_13.

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Das, Debabrata, and Soumya Pandit. "Biopesticides and Biopolymers." In Industrial Biotechnology, 397–419. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367822415-18.

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Chua, Hong, Peter H. F. Yu, and Chee K. Ma. "Accumulation of Biopolymers in Activated Sludge Biomass." In Twentieth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 389–99. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1604-9_36.

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Riera, María Antonieta, and Ricardo Raúl Palma. "Multicriteria Analysis in the Selection of Agro-Industrial Waste for the Production of Biopolymers." In Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology, 335–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8999-7_13.

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Singh, Akhilesh Kumar, Laxuman Sharma, Janmejai Kumar Srivastava, Nirupama Mallick, and Mohammad Israil Ansari. "Microbially Originated Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Biopolymers: An Insight into the Molecular Mechanism and Biogenesis of PHA Granules." In Sustainable Biotechnology- Enzymatic Resources of Renewable Energy, 355–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95480-6_14.

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Muniyasamy, Sudhakar, Özgür Seydibeyoğlu, Boopalan Thulasinathan, and A. Arun. "Biopolymer Synthesis and Biodegradation." In Sustainable Biotechnology- Enzymatic Resources of Renewable Energy, 399–421. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95480-6_15.

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Palanisamy, Kanmani, Aravind Jeyaseelan, Kamaraj Murugesan, and Suresh Babu Palanisamy. "Biopolymer Technologies for Environmental Applications." In Nanoscience and Biotechnology for Environmental Applications, 55–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97922-9_3.

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Yalinca, Zulal, and Şükrü Tüzmen. "Applications of Biopolymeric Gels in Medical Biotechnology." In Bio Monomers for Green Polymeric Composite Materials, 77–94. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119301714.ch4.

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Lüscher-Mattli, Madeleine. "Thermodynamic Parameters of Biopolymer-Water Systems." In Thermodynamic Data for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 276–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71114-5_11.

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Kurane, Ryuichiro. "Separation by Biopolymer Separation of Suspended Solid by Microbial Flocculant." In Separations for Biotechnology 2, 48–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0783-6_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biopolymers – Biotechnology"

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Shchyogolev, S. Yu, G. L. Burygin, and M. G. Pyatibratov. "Prokaryotic cell surface biopolymers: bioinformatic analysis." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.221.

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Using the example of a number of representatives of bacteria and archaea, the structure of their cell surface biopolymers is considered, taking into account post-translational modifications of proteins and contemporary views on the features of protein folding.
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Constantinescu, Rodica Roxana, Gabriel Zainescu, and Iulia Caniola. "Smart biopolymers from protein wastes used in agriculture." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.4.

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The area of interest is the synthesis and study of properties of new types of hydrogels made from pelt waste, in order to recover waste from tanneries. The complex aspects related to protein projects in the leather industry are addressed by accurately determining a chemical composition, a skin designer and a different possibility of recovery and claiming a value, the use of biotechnology. The complex aspects related to protein waste in the leather industry are addressed by accurately determining the chemical composition of leather waste and the different possibilities of recovery and recycling using biotechnology. The technologies used in order to obtain a smart hydrogel based on collagen and natural polymers are non-polluting and waste-free. An important aspect to note is that the smart hydrogel is obtained through an almost identical technological process to the one used for medical collagen. An extensive study of the potential for reuse and recycling of leather protein waste in ecological conditions by developing innovative procedures for obtaining an NPK collagen matrix to be used successfully as smart fertilizer for modifying nutrient-poor soils. Hydrogels with collagen structure are characterized by a high-performance instrumental analysis system (FT-IR-ATR, SEM, EDAX, etc.).
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Velichko, N. S., A. R. Bagavova, E. N. Sigida, G. L. Burygin, and Yu P. Fedonenko. "Structural peculiarities of biopolymers produced by diazotrophic endobiont Herbaspirillum spp." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.266.

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Diazotrophic endobionts Herbaspirillum spp. were studied in respect to the structural peculiarities of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS), O-specific polysaccharides (OPS) structure, antigenic composition and genetics.
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