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Academic literature on the topic 'Biopolymères – Surfaces'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biopolymères – Surfaces"
Bedoin, Lise. "Emergence de biopolymères de complexite contrôlée dans les scénarios d'origine de la vie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS229.
Full textLiving matter is characterized by the presence of non-random biopolymers whose biological function depends on the monomer sequence. Thus, a major challenge for the elucidation of the Origins of Life lies in understanding how non-random polypeptides were formed and selected among all of the possible ones. In this work, analytical approaches based essentially on ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry were applied to the global analysis of desorption mixtures resulting from the thermal activation of amino acids on a mineral surface, under conditions compatible with a prebiotic scenario. The formation of relatively long oligopeptides, with non-random stoichiometries has been shown. It appears that the formation of hetero-peptides is favored. A structural study of the oligopeptides formed was also carried out by tandem mass spectrometry, optionally coupled with liquid chromatography or ion mobility. It made it possible to demonstrate sequence selectivity. Furthermore, the formation of regio-isomers has been demonstrated, confirming that under our polymerization conditions the scenario does not manifest regioselectivity for the predominant α bonds in proteins. Finally, no significant enantioselectivity was demonstrated. In addition, a mechanistic study of the condensation reaction was carried out. The successive appearance of oligopeptides of increased length has been observed over ranges of temperatures or reaction times, suggesting stepwise polymerization processes
Menard, Virginie. "Polymères biospécifiques : Elimination des facteurs activés de mélanges prothrombiniques : Interactions des facteurs vitamin-K dépendants avec des dérivés « phospholipid-like »." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132036.
Full textLabache, Gaëlle. "Amélioration par modification chimique de l’interface de biocomposites poly(acide lactique) – fibre courtes de lin." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2004.
Full textThis project is focused on the identification of chemical modifications to improve the interface quality of biocomposites elaborated from biopolymers and natural cellulosic fibers. The poly(lactic acid) matrix chosen for the project is presented in the first part with a special attention concerning the physical aging. The evolution of thermal (DSC) and mechanical properties (tensile testing) of PLA samples depending on the storage temperature highlight strengthening and weakening of PLA with storage time. This study demonstrates the necessity to clearfully expose the experimental procedures to measure these values. The influence of various surface treatments on the morphology and on the spectroscopic properties of flax fibers has been evaluated. Mercerisation and bleaching lead to the removal of waxes, pectins and hemicelluloses and reveal the cellulosic wall of the fibres. Coupled with acetylation, different satisfiying grafting ratio are obtained. However, the interfacial adhesion is not improved by the modified fibers in the pure PLA matrix through extrusion and injection molding. A second route by matrix chemical modification via reactive extrusion has thus been developped. Cardanol grafting onto PLA chains with the help of peroxides did not lead to the improvement of the interface quality. On the other hand, the addition of diisocyanates to the PLA-fibers systems significantly increases the adhesion between the matrix and the fibers. The obtained composites are more resistant than the pure PLA matrix. The reaction mechanism involves the creation of covalent bondings between the PLA and the flax fibers via the bifunctionnal diisocyanate
Blin, Thomas. "Elaboration de revêtements macromoléculaires antibiofilms à base de peptides antibactériens." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES023.
Full textFrom a medical and economical point of view, biofilms have important negative impacts. Various approaches based on the immobilization of bactericidal substances have been developed to prevent biofilm formation on materials surfaces. However, they are not fully satisfying due to limited efficiency, toxicity, or emergence of multiresisting bacteria. Compared to these synthetic approaches, some living organisms have developed highly efficient strategies tested over eons to eliminate the microbial adhesion. For instance, amphibians excrete an epidermal mucus containing antibacterial peptides. Considering this last example, we synthesized various coatings based on hydrophilic and flexible macromolecules grafted by antibacterial peptides. First of all, copolymer brushes based on oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylates were polymerized by ATRP from planar substrates and afterwards grafted by temporin‐1Va or magainin‐1 derivatives. This strategy was subsequently successfully adapted on microparticles and on thermoresponsive polymer rushes leading to thin films showing a modulation of their bactericidal properties with emperature. Moreover, polysaccharide layers were immobilized on gold surfaces, then rafted by magainin‐1. The microstructure of these layers was tuned to optimize the accessibility of the grafted peptide. The resulting coatings showed a high activity against various bacterial strains. This work paves the way to the development of new coatings fighting biofilms, notably for (bio)medical devices
Guennec, Alexandra Morgane. "Biopolymère amphiphile pour surface antibiofilm." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORIS636.
Full textThe development of biofilms causes serious problems in the marine and medical fields. Their high tolerance to commonly used chemical agents’ disinfectants, antibiotics, biocides) makes their eradication difficult. Moreover, the use of biocide molecules is widely controversial, considering their catastrophic environmental impact. Research has therefore focused on systems that, by their composition, limit biocontamination. Among them are amphiphilic systems that can be composed of a hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix and an amphiphilic PDMS-PEG copolymer. Despite their efficiency, these systems are questioned because of the petrochemical origin of PDMS. The objective of this thesis project is to substitute PDMS with a biopolymer, poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA). A system was formulated with PHA as a hydrophobic matrix and a PHA-PEG copolymer as an amphiphilic additive. Two types of PHA were used in this study, PHBHV (short chain length) and PHAmcl (medium chain length). The formulated coatings were characterized physically, chemically and mechanically. Then their anti-adhesive, anti-biofilm and fouling-release capacities were evaluated on different microorganisms. Two opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a marine bacterium, Bacillus 4J6 and two benthic diatoms, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Navicula perminuta. Finally, in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the adhesion of S. aureus, transcriptomic analyses were performed
Lao, Hoi Kuan. "Modification de biopolymère pour l'étude des interactions bactéries - surface abiotique." Lorient, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LORIS144.
Full textThe goal ofthis present work was to develop a polymer promoting the adhesion and the development ofa mature biofilm. The main application was intend to bioreactor and to maintain their efficiency. These surfaces were made by grafting various chemical functions by polymerizing different vinyl monomers (HEMA, AAC, DMAEMA) on the surface ofa biopolyester the poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV). Bacterial adhesion and biofilm development were tested on these different surfaces. Three routes of chemical radical grafting were carried out to immobilize the hydrophilic functions. Radical grafting were experimented by thennal initiation, photo initiation and a new approach by control radical polymerization the SI-A TRP. The grafted films were characterized by a large range of surface analysis such as scanning electon microscopy (SEM) associated with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), contact angle measurement, A TR-FTIR. These characterization techniques showed that depending on the grafting route the grafted chains were localized in different part of the PHBHV film. Evaluation of the bacterial adhesion and the biofilm fonnation were realized oflow graft yield to keep the biodegradation property of the PHBHV. The bacteria-surface study was followed by con focal laser scannin microscopy (CLSM)
Debons, Nicolas. "Biocomposite materials : multi-scale structuration of collagen and bio-functional silica nanoparticle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS065.
Full textThis work has been devoted to the design and synthesis of tunable biomaterials for tissue engineering. We have developed three types of collagen-based biocomposites, as filaments or self-supported membranes with fibers aligned or not. The host matrix is constituted by collagen, the main biopolymer in connective tissues, which naturally provides suitable structural environment to the cells together with intrinsic biochemical signals. Moreover, bio-functionalized silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) were added as multifunctional platforms to further modulate the inner topology of the composite scaffold and/or exhibit bioactive ligands. This bionanocomposite approach aimed at presenting at best structural and/or functional cues for enhanced cell bioactivity. The final goal of our studies was to find the ideal molecular organization in order to create a synergy between structure and function. To do so, we have developed a multi-scale approach, from SiNP surface engineering to the modulation of cell-biomaterial interactions, by way of collagen hierarchical self-assembly to a biomimetic extracellular matrix. SiNP surface engineering proved to be at the basis of biomaterials modularity. In the context of SiNPs presenting functional domains, we also focused on the nanoscale structuration of SiNP surface. To this aim, we developed a gold-tag spatial characterization technique with carboxylate-modified gold colloids in order to reach a high degree of spatial resolution
Auduc, Boyer Nathalie. "Elaboration et caractérisation de films Langmuir-Blodgett de polyaminoacides par analyses de surface." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO19009.
Full textDhez, Anne-Chloé. "Thérapie ciblée des glioblastomes via l'internalisation d'une toxine grâce à des biopolymères dirigés à la surface des cellules cancéreuses." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0026/document.
Full textTargeted cancer therapies are drugs designed to interfere with specific molecules necessary for tumor growth and progression. Traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies usually kill rapidly dividing cells in the body by interfering with cell division. A primary goal of targeted therapies is to fight cancer cells with more precision and potentially fewer side effects.Antibody-based therapy for cancer has become established over the past 15 years and is now one of the most successful and important targeted strategies. In some cases, monoclonal antibodies are conjugated to radio-isotopes or toxins (immunotoxin) to allow specific delivery of these cytotoxic agents to the intended cancer cell target. Furthermore thargeted therapies may be based also on the use of targeting molecues other than antibodies, such as peptides, growth factors, and also nucleic acids.Indeed, in this work we studyed a multi targeting strategy to deliver toxic substances (protein toxin or its gene) to cancer cells (glioblastoma).Our group published a paper describing the use of PDZ protein domain of hCASK (serine kinase calcium/calmodulin-dependent of MAGUK family) and to exploit the ability of this protein to bind to the C-terminus of hCD98 in the extracellular space. CD98 is an interesting target because it is overexpressed in different types of tumors (Giansanti F., 2015). hCASK-PDZ was genetically fused to the toxin saporin and this chimeric toxin proved to be active on glioblastoma cells in vitro.Other cell killing agents were designed to recognize and bind specifically nucleolin (NCL). This multifunctional protein is overexpressed on the surface of activated endothelial and tumor cells. In this context, compounds targeting NCL, such an aptamer, and a multivalent pseudopeptide, have been developed and investigated for cancer therapy.The aptamer against NCL, NCL-APT also known as AS1411 (Antisoma, UK), is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved NCL targeting agent. It binds to NCL on the cell surface, preferentially gets internalized, and inhibits cancer cell growth sparing normal cells (Bates PJ, 2009).In parallel, our group, recently developed a multivalent synthetic pseudopeptide N6L that selectively binds to nucleolin (Destouches D., 2011). N6L strongly inhibits breast cancer growth by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and is currently in preparation for phase II clinical trials (IPP-204106). We demonstrated the anti-proliferative effect of N6L on human glioblastoma cells in primary culture prepared form post-surgical specimens (Benedetti E, 2015).The overexpression of NCL on glioblastoma cell surface and the recognized selectivity of AS1411 and N6L prompted us to study a way to increase the efficiency of these ligands binding them Saporin coding gene or the protein toxin Saporin-S6, a type 1 RIP (Ribosome-Inactivating Protein) widely studied because of its potential therapeutic application in a variety of human diseases as toxic moiety of a conjugate.The characterization of the toxic activity of AS1411 linked to saporin gene (APT-SAP) and of NCL linked to saporin protein (SAP-N6L) is therefore described. Both these researches are under evaluation for publication.All the described thargeted approaches, nothwithstanding some problems, look promising and need further research, but confirm the fact that exploiting targets to deliver toxic substances is the future of therapy for cancer forms that are difficult to beat with conventional therapies
Hermitte, Laurence. "Corrélation des propriétés physico-chimiques de biopolymères à la réponse cellulaire : Contribution à l'élaboration de nouveaux implants anti-cataracte secondaire." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECDL0015.
Full textAdhesion and proliferation of lens epithelial cells remaining in the capsular bag after cataract surgery can generate a secondary cataract. This post-operative pathology induces a new loss of visual acuity. Physico-chemical characterisation of synthetic surfaces has shown the existence of properties that discriminate materials having sometimes a quite close chemical structure. An in vitro test, simple and sensitive, has confirmed the influence of the polymer chemical formula on the delay and degree of secondary cataract apparition. Thanks to these complementary studies, we have identified surface parameters that play a major role on biological response : hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio, electrical properties, and polymeric chain mobility. The correlations found between polymer physico-chemical properties and cell behaviour allowed us to initiale the development of an efficient anti-secondary caratact lens. The first approach consists in the elaboration of an hydrogel containing carboxylates groups. The results have confirmed previously established correlations between dzeta potentiel or hydophilicity and cell response. The second approach is the grafting of HEMA/MAA oligomers on an hydrogel lens. These new prostheses are injectable and combine good mechanical properties and anti-secondary cataract activity
Books on the topic "Biopolymères – Surfaces"
Colloids and interfaces in life sciences. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2003.
Find full textColloids and interfaces in life sciences. Monticello, N.Y: Marcel Dekker, 2003.
Find full textPolymer and Biopolymer Brushes: For Materials Science and Biotechnology. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2017.
Find full textSzleifer, Igal, and Omar Azzaroni. Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes: For Materials Science and Biotechnology. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2017.
Find full textSzleifer, Igal, and Omar Azzaroni. Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes: For Materials Science and Biotechnology. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2017.
Find full textSzleifer, Igal, and Omar Azzaroni. Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes: For Materials Science and Biotechnology. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2017.
Find full textSzleifer, Igal, and Omar Azzaroni. Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes: For Materials Science and Biotechnology. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2017.
Find full textSzleifer, Igal, and Omar Azzaroni. Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes: For Materials Science and Biotechnology. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2017.
Find full textSzleifer, Igal, and Omar Azzaroni. Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes: For Materials Science and Biotechnology. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2018.
Find full textChen, P. Molecular Interfacial Phenomena of Polymers and Biopolymers. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2005.
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