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Journal articles on the topic 'Biopolymer'
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1
Arrieta, Alvaro Angel, Jorge Alberto Ducuara, and Enrique Miguel Combatt. "Valorization of cashew nut processing by-product: development of a cardol/starch biopolymer composite with electrochemical properties and technological potential." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 6 (123) (June 30, 2023): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.282208.
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The problem of food agro-industry residues represents a growing concern in our society, therefore its use as a raw material to obtain biopolymers of technological interest is an attractive alternative. The objective of this work was to assess the viability of utilizing cardol, derived from cashew nut shell liquid, in the production of a biopolymer composite by combining it with cassava starch. The biopolymer composite was prepared by thermochemical method using different cardol concentrations and varying the synthesis pH. The results allowed us to demonstrate the formation of cardol/starch biopolymeric films. The infrared spectra showed possible interactions by hydrogen bonds between the cardol and the glucose units of the starch. The impedance behavior showed a similar conduction mechanism in all cases, allowing the establishment of a single equivalent circuit. The electrochemical parameters showed that the presence of cardol and the lower pH increased the values of the electrical resistance and the double layer capacitance in the biopolymers. In addition, the values of the CPE/Rre system, related to the electractivity, were not affected by the pH, but by the presence of cardol. The biodegradability tests showed a complete decomposition of the biopolymer composite films in three stages in a period of 17 to 19 days. It could be concluded that it is possible to use the cardol extracted from the cashew nut shell liquid to elaborate a biopolymer composite with electrochemical properties when combined with cassava starch. The electrical properties of the biopolymer can be modulated by varying the synthesis pH and the amount of cardol used. The composite cardol/starch biopolymer could be used as a biopolymeric solid electrolyte in the manufacture of batteries, capacitors, etc
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Aslam Khan, Muhammad Umar, Saiful Izwan Abd Razak, Wafa Shamsan Al Arjan, Samina Nazir, T. Joseph Sahaya Anand, Hassan Mehboob, and Rashid Amin. "Recent Advances in Biopolymeric Composite Materials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicines: A Review." Molecules 26, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030619.
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The polymeric composite material with desirable features can be gained by selecting suitable biopolymers with selected additives to get polymer-filler interaction. Several parameters can be modified according to the design requirements, such as chemical structure, degradation kinetics, and biopolymer composites’ mechanical properties. The interfacial interactions between the biopolymer and the nanofiller have substantial control over biopolymer composites’ mechanical characteristics. This review focuses on different applications of biopolymeric composites in controlled drug release, tissue engineering, and wound healing with considerable properties. The biopolymeric composite materials are required with advanced and multifunctional properties in the biomedical field and regenerative medicines with a complete analysis of routine biomaterials with enhanced biomedical engineering characteristics. Several studies in the literature on tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound dressing have been mentioned. These results need to be reviewed for possible development and analysis, which makes an essential study.
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Arrieta, Alvaro A., Yamid Nuñez de la Rosa, and Manuel Palencia. "Electrochemistry Study of Bio-Based Composite Biopolymer Electrolyte—Starch/Cardol." Polymers 15, no. 9 (April 23, 2023): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15091994.
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The environmental problems generated by pollution due to polymers of petrochemical origin have led to the search for eco-friendly alternatives such as the development of biopolymers or bio-based polymers. The aim of this work was to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of a biopolymer composite made from cassava starch and cardol extracted from cashew nut shell liquid. The biopolymers were prepared using the thermochemical method, varying the synthesis pH and the cardol amounts. The biopolymers were synthesized in the form of films and characterized by cyclic voltamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The biopolymers showed a rich electroactivity, with three oxidation–reduction processes evidenced in the voltamperograms. On the other hand, the equivalent circuit corresponding to the impedance behavior of biopolymers integrated the processes of electron transfer resistance, electric double layer, redox reaction process, and resistance of the biopolymeric matrix. The results allowed us to conclude that the cardol content and the synthesis pH were factors that affect the electrochemical behavior of biopolymer composite films. Electrochemical processes in biopolymers were reversible and involved two-electron transfer and were diffusion-controlled processes.
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Lemboye, Kehinde, and Abdullah Almajed. "Effect of Varying Curing Conditions on the Strength of Biopolymer Modified Sand." Polymers 15, no. 7 (March 28, 2023): 1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15071678.
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Recently, the improvement of the engineering properties of soil has been centered on using sustainable and eco-friendly materials. This study investigates the efficacy of three biopolymers: Acacia, sodium alginate, and pectin, on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of dune sand. The UCS test measured the effects of the biopolymer type and concentration, curing intervals and temperature, and moisture loss. The changes in the morphology caused by the biopolymer addition were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicate that the UCS of the biopolymer-modified sand increased with biopolymer concentration and curing intervals. Varying the curing temperature from 25–110 °C, slightly affected the strength of the acacia-modified sand specimen, increased that of the sodium alginate-modified sand specimen up to a temperature of 85 °C, and continued to decrease that of the pectin-modified sand specimen as the temperature was increased from 25 to 110 °C. The SEM images indicated that the biopolymer’s presence within the sand pores significantly contributed to the strength. Bond decomposition occurs at temperatures greater than 110 °C for sodium alginate and pectin-modified sands, whereas bonds remain stable at higher temperatures for the acacia-modified sand. In conclusion, all three biopolymers show potential as robust and economic dune stabilisers.
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Fatehi, Hadi, Dominic E. L. Ong, Jimmy Yu, and Ilhan Chang. "Biopolymers as Green Binders for Soil Improvement in Geotechnical Applications: A Review." Geosciences 11, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11070291.
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Soil improvement using biopolymers has attracted considerable attention in recent years, with the aim to reduce the harmful environmental effects of traditional materials, such as cement. This paper aims to provide a review on the environmental assessment of using biopolymers as binders in soil improvement, biopolymer-treated soil characteristics, as well as the most important factors affecting the behavior of the treated soil. In more detail, environmental benefits and concerns about the use of biopolymers in soil improvement as well as biopolymer–soil interaction are discussed. Various geotechnical properties are evaluated and compared, including the unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, erosion resistance, physical properties, and durability of biopolymer-treated soils. The influential factors and soil and environmental conditions affecting various geotechnical characteristics of biopolymer-treated soils are also discussed. These factors include biopolymer concentration in the biopolymer–soil mixture, moisture condition, temperature, and dehydration time. Potential opportunities for biopolymers in geotechnical engineering and the challenges are also presented.
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Cigala, Rosalia Maria, Giovanna De Luca, Ileana Ielo, and Francesco Crea. "Biopolymeric Nanocomposites for CO2 Capture." Polymers 16, no. 8 (April 11, 2024): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16081063.
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) impacts the greenhouse effect significantly and results in global warming, prompting urgent attention to climate change concerns. In response, CO2 capture has emerged as a crucial process to capture carbon produced in industrial and power processes before its release into the atmosphere. The main aim of CO2 capture is to mitigate the emissions of greenhouse gas and reduce the anthropogenic impact on climate change. Biopolymer nanocomposites offer a promising avenue for CO2 capture due to their renewable nature. These composites consist of biopolymers derived from biological sources and nanofillers like nanoparticles and nanotubes, enhancing the properties of the composite. Various biopolymers like chitosan, cellulose, carrageenan, and others, possessing unique functional groups, can interact with CO2 molecules. Nanofillers are incorporated to improve mechanical, thermal, and sorption properties, with materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and metallic nanoparticles enhancing surface area and porosity. The CO2 capture mechanism within biopolymer nanocomposites involves physical absorption, chemisorption, and physisorption, driven by functional groups like amino and hydroxyl groups in the biopolymer matrix. The integration of nanofillers further boosts CO2 adsorption capacity by increasing surface area and porosity. Numerous advanced materials, including biopolymeric derivatives like cellulose, alginate, and chitosan, are developed for CO2 capture technology, offering accessibility and cost-effectiveness. This semi-systematic literature review focuses on recent studies involving biopolymer-based materials for CO2 capture, providing an overview of composite materials enriched with nanomaterials, specifically based on cellulose, alginate, chitosan, and carrageenan; the choice of these biopolymers is dictated by the lack of a literature perspective focused on a currently relevant topic such as these biorenewable resources in the framework of carbon capture. The production and efficacy of biopolymer-based adsorbents and membranes are examined, shedding light on potential trends in global CO2 capture technology enhancement.
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da Luz, Tayla Gabriela, Valber Sales, and Raquel Dalla Costa da Rocha. "Evaluation of technology potential of Aloe arborescens biopolymer in galvanic effluent treatment." Water Science and Technology 2017, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.082.
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Abstract Biopolymers have the ability to form gels that can be used in coagulation/flocculation processes. For this reason, the present work evaluated the application of the Aloe arborescens gel as a biopolymer in the treatment of the effluent generated in galvanic processes. The centesimal, thermogravimetric and texture profiles, as well as the functional groups and the biopolymer's performance in the treatment was analyzed. The performance results were evaluated by central composite rotational design 23. The variables biopolymer concentration, aluminum sulphate and initial pH of the effluent were significant at the confidence level of 95%. The Cr(VI) removal efficiency ranged from 6.37% to 37.74%; significant reductions in dissolved solids (89.80% to 94.13%) and suspended solids (71.06% to 90.00%) were also observed. The treated effluent still presents parameters above the regulatory limits stated by the legislation, therefore, the biopolymer could be used as initial treatment for solids removal.
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Ikumapayi, Omolayo M., Opeyeolu T. Laseinde, Adedayo S. Adebayo, Jesutoni R. Oluwafemi, Temitayo S. Ogedengbe, Stephen A. Akinlabi, and Esther T. Akinlabi. "An Overview on recent trends in Biopolymer Base Composites for Tissue Regeneration." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101085.
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This paper focused on the short review of biopolymer based composite for tissue regeneration. Biopolymers have been slowly introduced into medical applications as a result of their ability to be bio-degradable and to be easily made. By selecting the appropriate biopolymer containing the selected additives to facilitate the polymer-filler interaction, composites with the desired properties can be obtained. Interfacial interactions between biopolymers, and thus Nano-fillers, significantly control the mechanical properties of biopolymer composites and these biopolymer composites such as bone, cartilage, vascular implants, and others.
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Cherednichenko, Kirill, Dmitry Kopitsyn, Svetlana Batasheva, and Rawil Fakhrullin. "Probing Antimicrobial Halloysite/Biopolymer Composites with Electron Microscopy: Advantages and Limitations." Polymers 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 3510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13203510.
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Halloysite is a tubular clay nanomaterial of the kaolin group with a characteristic feature of oppositely charged outer and inner surfaces, allowing its selective spatial modification. The natural origin and specific properties of halloysite make it a potent material for inclusion in biopolymer composites with polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins. The applications of halloysite/biopolymer composites range from drug delivery and tissue engineering to food packaging and the creation of stable enzyme-based catalysts. Another important application field for the halloysite complexes with biopolymers is surface coatings resistant to formation of microbial biofilms (elaborated communities of various microorganisms attached to biotic or abiotic surfaces and embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix). Within biofilms, the microorganisms are protected from the action of antibiotics, engendering the problem of hard-to-treat recurrent infectious diseases. The clay/biopolymer composites can be characterized by a number of methods, including dynamic light scattering, thermo gravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as well as a range of microscopic techniques. However, most of the above methods provide general information about a bulk sample. In contrast, the combination of electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy allows assessment of the appearance and composition of biopolymeric coatings on individual nanotubes or the distribution of the nanotubes in biopolymeric matrices. In this review, recent contributions of electron microscopy to the studies of halloysite/biopolymer composites are reviewed along with the challenges and perspectives in the field.
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Frølund, B., K. Keiding, and P. H. Nielsen. "A Comparative Study of Biopolymers from a Conventional and an Advanced Activated Sludge Treatment Plant." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 7 (April 1, 1994): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0326.
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Biopolymer characteristics from a traditional and an advanced activated sludge treatment plant performing biological N and P removal were compared. The biopolymers were extracted using an ion exchange resin (DOWEX in Na-form). Differences between chemical compositions of the total sludges were observed by measuring protein, polysaccharide and uronic acids whereas differences in the same compounds were not found in the extracted biopolymers. High Pressure Size Exclusion Chromatography was performed on the two biopolymer matrixes and differences were found in the biopolymer matrixes. Biopolymers from the advanced treatment plant contained two fractions of large and hydrophobic compounds which contributed to a major fraction of the chromatogram area. These peaks could only to a minor extent be found in the extracted biopolymers from the traditional treatment plant.
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Appiah, Eugene Sefa, Perseverance Dzikunu, Nashiru Mahadeen, Daniel Nframah Ampong, Kwadwo Mensah-Darkwa, Anuj Kumar, Ram K. Gupta, and Mark Adom-Asamoah. "Biopolymers-Derived Materials for Supercapacitors: Recent Trends, Challenges, and Future Prospects." Molecules 27, no. 19 (October 3, 2022): 6556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196556.
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Supercapacitors may be able to store more energy while maintaining fast charging times; however, they need low-cost and sophisticated electrode materials. Developing innovative and effective carbon-based electrode materials from naturally occurring chemical components is thus critical for supercapacitor development. In this context, biopolymer-derived porous carbon electrode materials for energy storage applications have gained considerable momentum due to their wide accessibility, high porosity, cost-effectiveness, low weight, biodegradability, and environmental friendliness. Moreover, the carbon structures derived from biopolymeric materials possess unique compositional, morphological, and electrochemical properties. This review aims to emphasize (i) the comprehensive concepts of biopolymers and supercapacitors to approach smart carbon-based materials for supercapacitors, (ii) synthesis strategies for biopolymer derived nanostructured carbons, (iii) recent advancements in biopolymer derived nanostructured carbons for supercapacitors, and (iv) challenges and future prospects from the viewpoint of green chemistry-based energy storage. This study is likely to be useful to the scientific community interested in the design of low-cost, efficient, and green electrode materials for supercapacitors as well as various types of electrocatalysis for energy production.
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Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie, Khalina Abdan, and Tatsuo Kaneko. "A Concise Review on the Physicochemical Properties of Biopolymer Blends Prepared in Ionic Liquids." Molecules 26, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010216.
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An enhancement of environmental concern lately has improved the awareness of researchers in employing eco-friendly solvents for processing biopolymers. Recently, ionic liquids have been utilized to prepare biopolymer blends as they are non-volatile and recyclable. Biopolymers such as cellulose, chitin, chitosan, keratin, lignin, silk, starch, and zein are widely used for the preparation of biopolymer blends via dissolution in ionic liquids, followed by coagulation procedure. In this concise review, three types of ionic liquids based on imidazolium cations combined with different counter anions that are frequently utilized to prepare biopolymer blends are described. Moreover, three types of biopolymer blends that are prepared in ionic liquids were classified, specifically polysaccharide/polysaccharide blends, polysaccharide/polypeptide blends, and polysaccharide/bioplastic blends. The physicochemical properties of biopolymer blends prepared in different imidazolium-based ionic liquids are also concisely reviewed. This paper may assist the researchers in the polymer blend area and generate fresh ideas for future research.
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Jakobek, Lidija. "Novi trendovi u pakiranju mesa – biopolimeri s inkorporiranim polifenolnim spojevima." Meso 22, no. 1 (2020): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/m.22.1.1.
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Die Verpackung ist einer der wichtigsten Faktoren für die Aufrechterhaltung der Lebensmittelqualität. Aufgrund steigender Anforderungen an die Lebensmittelsicherheit steigen auch die Anforderungen an die Verpackungsqualität und es werden neue Verpackungsmaterialien getestet. Biopolymere sind Materialien natürlichen Ursprungs, die als Verpackungsmaterial verwendet werden können. Ihr Hauptmerkmal ist die biologische Abbaubarkeit und Umweltfreundlichkeit. Biopolymeren können darüber hinaus Wirkstoffe zugesetzt werden, die das Biopolymer dann zu einer aktiven Verpackung machen. Die Wirkstoffe können natürliche Stoffe wie Polyphenolverbindungen sein. Biopolymere mit Polyphenolzusatz werden auch für die Verpackung von Fleisch und Fleischprodukten getestet. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen kurzen Überblick über Biopolymere mit zugesetzten Polyphenolverbindungen zu geben, die für die Verpackung von Fleisch und Fleischprodukten getestet wurden.
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Jurić, Slaven, Marina Jurić, Anet Režek Jambrak, and Marko Vinceković. "Tailoring Alginate/Chitosan Microparticles Loaded with Chemical and Biological Agents for Agricultural Application and Production of Value-Added Foods." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 4061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094061.
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This work reviews the recent development of biopolymer-based delivery systems for agricultural application. Encapsulation into biopolymer microparticles ensures the protection and targeted delivery of active agents while offering controlled release with higher efficiency and environmental safety for ecological and sustainable plant production. Encapsulation of biological agents provides protection and increases its survivability while providing an environment safe for growth. The application of microparticles loaded with chemical and biological agents presents an innovative way to stimulate plant metabolites synthesis. This enhances plants’ defense against pests and pathogens and results in the production of higher quality food (i.e., higher plant metabolites share). Ionic gelation was presented as a sustainable method in developing biopolymeric microparticles based on the next-generation biopolymers alginate and chitosan. Furthermore, this review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of advanced formulations against conventional ones. The significance of plant metabolites stimulation and their importance in functional food production is also pointed out. This review offers guidelines in developing biopolymeric microparticles loaded with chemical and biological agents and guidelines for the application in plant production, underlining its effect on the plant metabolites synthesis.
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Soldo, Antonio, and Marta Miletic. "Durability against Wetting-Drying Cycles of Sustainable Biopolymer-Treated Soil." Polymers 14, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 4247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14194247.
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The world today is more oriented towards sustainable and environmental-friendly solutions in every field of science, technology, and engineering. Therefore, novel sustainable and eco-friendly approaches for soil improvement have also emerged. One of the effective, promising, and green solutions is the utilization of biopolymers. However, even though the biopolymers proved to be effective in enhancing the soil-mechanical properties, it is still unknown how they behave under real environmental conditions, such as fluctuating temperatures, moisture, plants, microorganisms, to name a few. The main research aim is to investigate the durability of biopolymer-improved soil on the cyclic processes of wetting and drying. Two types of biopolymers (Xanthan Gum and Guar Gum), and two types of soils (clean sand and silty sand) were investigated in this study. The results indicated that some biopolymer-amended specimens kept more than 70% of their original mass during wetting-drying cycles. During the compressive strength analysis, some biopolymer-treated specimens kept up to 45% of their initial strength during seven wetting-drying cycles. Furthermore, this study showed that certain damaged soil-biopolymer bonds could be restored with proper treatment. Repeating the process of wetting and drying can reactivate the bonding properties of biopolymers, which amends the broken bonds in soil. The regenerative property of biopolymers is an important feature that should not be neglected. It gives a clearer picture of the biopolymer utilization and makes it a good option for rapid temporary construction or long-standing construction in the areas with an arid climate.
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Coelho, Natacha, Alexandra Filipe, Bruno Medronho, Solange Magalhães, Carla Vitorino, Luís Alves, Sandra Gonçalves, and Anabela Romano. "Rheological and Microstructural Features of Plant Culture Media Doped with Biopolymers: Influence on the Growth and Physiological Responses of In Vitro-Grown Shoots of Thymus lotocephalus." Polysaccharides 2, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 538–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides2020032.
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In vitro culture is an important biotechnological tool in plant research and an appropriate culture media is a key for a successful plant development under in vitro conditions. The use of natural compounds to improve culture media has been growing and biopolymers are interesting alternatives to synthetic compounds due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, renewability, and availability. In the present study, different culture media containing one biopolymer (chitosan, gum arabic) or a biopolymer derivative [hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)], at 100 or 1000 mg L−1, were tested regarding their influence on the growth and physiological responses of Thymus lotocephalus in vitro culture. Cellulose-based biopolymers (HEC and CMC) and gum arabic were used for the first time in plant culture media. The results showed that CMC at 100 mg L−1 significantly improved shoot elongation while chitosan, at the highest concentration, was detrimental to T. lotocephalus. Concerning only the evaluated physiological parameters, all tested biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives are safe to plants as there was no evidence of stress-induced changes on T. lotocephalus. The rheological and microstructural features of the culture media were assessed to understand how the biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives added to the culture medium could influence shoot growth. As expected, all media presented a gel-like behaviour with minor differences in the complex viscosity at the beginning of the culture period. Most media showed increased viscosity overtime. The surface area increased with the addition of biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives to the culture media and the average pore size was considerably lower for CMC at 100 mg L−1. The smaller pores of this medium might be related to a more efficient nutrients and water uptake by T. lotocephalus shoots, leading to a significant improvement in shoot elongation. In short, this study demonstrated that the different types of biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives added to culture medium can modify their microstructure and at the right concentrations, are harmless to T. lotocephalus shoots growing in vitro, and that CMC improves shoot length.
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Beleška, Kęstutis, Virgilijus Valeika, Virginija Jankauskaite, and Violeta Valeikiene. "Properties of Films Prepared as Packaging Plastics from Blends of Synthetic Polymer and Biopolymer." Defect and Diffusion Forum 394 (August 2019): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.394.85.
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Natural biopolymers were studied for their possible role as biodegradable fillers forlow-density polyethylene (LDPE) films. LDPE/biopolymer blends and films were prepared andcharacterized by the melt flow index (MFI) and tensile test. The addition of biopolymer to LDPEreduced the MFI values, the tensile strength and modulus, whereas the elongation at break increased.Interfacial interaction was better for LDPE/biopolymer blends containing soybean oil. Blendsprepared with oil showed the same behaviour as LDPE/biopolymer blends, indicating thatbiopolymer was the main factor that influenced the properties of blend.
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Ramadhan, Romal, Muslim Abdurahman, and Falan Srisuriyachai. "Sensitivity Analysis Comparisson of Synthetic Polymer and Biopolymer using Reservoir Simulation." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 43, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.43.3.516.
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With a simultaneous increasing demand for oil and large decreases worldwide in newly discovered oil reserves in the past few decades, much attention has been paid to more effi cient production approaches such as enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) methods for developing oil and gas from existing reservoirs (Li et al., 2014). Basically, there are two types of polymers; biopolymers and synthetic polymers (Cenk et al., 2017). Method used for this study is reservoir simulation by Computer Modeling Group (CMG) STARS simulator. The study concerns to investigate and analyze the polymer sensitivity on two diff erent types of polymer: synthetic polymer and biopolymer. The simulation is done on 15x15x4 grid for 3653 days (10 years). The simulation indicates that the biopolymer injection shows more stable result in compare to synthetic polymer. The biopolymer’s adsorption occurs on smaller area and takes longer time. Conversely, the adsorption of synthetic polymer goes on bigger area of the reservoir and transpire on shorter time. Considering these facts, the use of biopolymers is more eff ective in order to increase the sweep effi ciency by reducing viscous fi ngering of chemical injection in reservoir.
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Zhang, Junran, and Jiahao Liu. "A Review on Soils Treated with Biopolymers Based on Unsaturated Soil Theory." Polymers 15, no. 22 (November 16, 2023): 4431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15224431.
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Adding different materials to soil can improve its engineering properties, but traditional materials such as cement, lime, fly ash, etc., have caused pollution to the environment. Recently, biopolymers have shown many advantages, such as economy and environmental protection, which make them applicable to geotechnical engineering. This study summarizes the effects of biopolymers on soil’s engineering properties and the main directions of current research. Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of widely used biopolymer materials and their effects on the specific engineering characteristics of soil (i.e., water retention characteristics, strength characteristics, permeability characteristics, microstructure) are introduced, as well as the source, viscosity, pH, and cost of these biopolymers. Then, based on the theory of unsaturated soil, the current research progress on the water retention characteristics of improved soil is summarized. The key factors affecting the strength of biopolymer-treated soil are introduced. Due to the actual environmental conditions, such as rainfall, the permeability and durability of biopolymer-treated soil are also worthy of attention. In summary, it is necessary to study the variation laws of the engineering properties of biopolymer-treated soil in the full suction range, and to predict such laws reasonably. The relevant results are conducive to the safer and more scientific application of biopolymers in geotechnical engineering practice.
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Li, Xiaoming, Rongrong Cui, Lianwen Sun, Katerina E. Aifantis, Yubo Fan, Qingling Feng, Fuzhai Cui, and Fumio Watari. "3D-Printed Biopolymers for Tissue Engineering Application." International Journal of Polymer Science 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/829145.
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3D printing technology has recently gained substantial interest for potential applications in tissue engineering due to the ability of making a three-dimensional object of virtually any shape from a digital model. 3D-printed biopolymers, which combine the 3D printing technology and biopolymers, have shown great potential in tissue engineering applications and are receiving significant attention, which has resulted in the development of numerous research programs regarding the material systems which are available for 3D printing. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of biopolymer materials, including natural biopolymer-based materials and synthetic biopolymer-based materials prepared using 3D printing technology, and some future challenges and applications of this technology are discussed.
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Patel, Nidhiben, and Dagnija Blumberga. "Insights of Bioeconomy: Biopolymer Evaluation Based on Sustainability Criteria." Environmental and Climate Technologies 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2023-0025.
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Abstract Sustainable development in the agriculture sector can be boosted by integrating a sustainable bioeconomy and transforming renewable resources into added-value products. There are various methods to determine, measure, and compare the extent of sustainability. We promote the bioeconomy concept by utilizing agricultural waste in biopolymers considering the sustainable development in the agriculture sector. This research aims to evaluate biopolymer alternatives based on sustainability criteria and indicators using the integrated multi-criteria decision analysis approach under the sustainability umbrella. We evaluated the PLA, PHA/PHB, starch, protein, and cellulose-based biopolymers. As a result, the cellulose-based biopolymer shows the best performance. The research findings provide valuable information to establish a sustainable pathway for biopolymer production for industries.
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Bonartzev, A. P., G. A. Bonartzeva, K. V. Shaitan, and M. P. Kirpichnikov. "Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and biopolymer systems on the basis of this polyester." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 57, no. 4 (2011): 374–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20115704374.
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Biodegradable biopolymers attract much attention in biology and medicine due to its wide application. The present review is designed to be a comprehensive source for research of biodegradable and biocompatible bacterial polymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). This paper focuses on basic properties of biopolymer: biodegradability and biocompatibility, as well as on biopolymer systems: various materials, devices and compositions on the basis of biopolymer. Application of biopolymer systems based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in medicine as surgical implants, in bioengineering as scaffold for cell cultures, and in pharmacy as drug dosage forms and drug systems is observed in the present review.
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Berton, Paula, and Julia L. Shamshina. "Ionic Liquids as Tools to Incorporate Pharmaceutical Ingredients into Biopolymer-Based Drug Delivery Systems." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 2 (February 11, 2023): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16020272.
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This mini-review focuses on the various roles that ionic liquids play in the development and applications of biopolymer-based drug delivery systems (DDSs). Biopolymers are particularly attractive as drug delivery matrices due to their biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, biodegradability, and strength, whereas ILs can assist the formation of drug delivery carriers as 1. dopants to control drug release rate; 2. anchoring agents to incorporate APIs into biopolymeric materials; 3. actives (in the form of API-ILs) for controlled release; or 4. a matrix preparation media.
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SATHYANARAYANAN, P., and G. RAINA. "COATING THICKNESS STUDY OF BIOPOLYMER-MAGNETITE CORE–SHELL NANOPARTICLES." International Journal of Nanoscience 08, no. 04n05 (August 2009): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x09006274.
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Magnetite and biopolymer-magnetite nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chitosan have been synthesized. The adsorption of the biopolymers on the magnetite nanoparticles is confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging revealed magnetite-biopolymer core–shell nanoparticles of typical size range 25–80 nm. We report a novel way of determining the thickness of the biopolymer coating using noncontact AFM imaging. AFM has been used to study the variation of the biopolymer coating thickness as a function of the magnetite core diameter, biopolymer type, and its concentration. The thickness of the chitosan coating varies in the range of 4–11 nm and increases linearly with increase in magnetite core size. PEG coating thickness has similar values as for the chitosan coating.
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Preiss, Laura C., Katharina Landfester, and Rafael Muñoz-Espí. "Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (November 17, 2014): 2129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.222.
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Biopolymers and biopolymer colloids can act as controlling agents and templates not only in many processes in nature, but also in a wide range of synthetic approaches. Inorganic materials can be either synthesized ex situ and later incorporated into a biopolymer structuring matrix or grown in situ in the presence of biopolymers. In this review, we focus mainly on the latter case and distinguish between the following possibilities: (i) biopolymers as controlling agents of nucleation and growth of inorganic materials; (ii) biopolymers as supports, either as molecular supports or as carrier particles acting as cores of core–shell structures; and (iii) so-called “soft templates”, which include on one hand stabilized droplets, micelles, and vesicles, and on the other hand continuous scaffolds generated by gelling biopolymers.
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Nazrun, Touha, Md Kamrul Hassan, Md Delwar Hossain, Bulbul Ahmed, Md Rayhan Hasnat, and Swapan Saha. "Application of Biopolymers as Sustainable Cladding Materials: A Review." Sustainability 16, no. 1 (December 19, 2023): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16010027.
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The application of biopolymer materials in cladding presents a promising avenue for enhancing building sustainability, while addressing the limitations of conventional synthetic polymers. Cladding serves a dual purpose of protection and aesthetics for buildings, but increasing global energy consumption and environmental concerns necessitate the adoption of sustainable practices. The construction sector’s substantial energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions highlight the urgent need for sustainable building materials. Conventional cladding materials often lack sustainability and environmental compatibility. Biopolymers, derived from living organisms or by-products, offer a potential solution with their biodegradability, renewability, and low embodied energy. These materials can revolutionise cladding practices by providing eco-friendly alternatives aligned with sustainable construction demands. Integrating biopolymers with synthetic polymers can enhance material biodegradability, contributing to overall degradation. Prominent biopolymers like PLA, PHAs, starch-based polymers, cellulose, PHB, and PBS exhibit biodegradability and sustainability, positioning them in the front rank for cladding applications. Despite significant research in biopolymer applications in different fields, there is limited research to identify the application and limitations of biopolymers as building cladding materials. This review paper aims to bridge the research gaps by comprehensively analysing diverse biopolymer cladding materials based on their properties and exploring their cross-domain utility, thereby highlighting their transformative role in sustainable construction practices. The expanding biopolymer market in building cladding materials underscores their potential to drive innovation, with projected growth emphasising their importance.
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Xia, Shunxiang, Laibao Zhang, Artur Davletshin, Zhuoran Li, Jiahui You, and Siyuan Tan. "Application of Polysaccharide Biopolymer in Petroleum Recovery." Polymers 12, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091860.
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Polysaccharide biopolymers are biomacromolecules derived from renewable resources with versatile functions including thickening, crosslinking, adsorption, etc. Possessing high efficiency and low cost, they have brought wide applications in all phases of petroleum recovery, from well drilling to wastewater treatment. The biopolymers are generally utilized as additives of fluids or plugging agents, to correct the fluid properties that affect the performance and cost of petroleum recovery. This review focuses on both the characteristics of biopolymers and their utilization in the petroleum recovery process. Research on the synthesis and characterization of polymers, as well as controlling their structures through modification, aims to develop novel recipes of biopolymer treatment with new application realms. The influences of biopolymer in many petroleum recovery cases were also evaluated to permit establishing the correlations between their physicochemical properties and performances. As their performance is heavily affected by the local environment, screening and testing polymers under controlled conditions is the necessary step to guarantee the efficiency and safety of biopolymer treatments.
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Tan, Wei, and Tejal A. Desai. "Microfluidic Patterning of Cellular Biopolymer Matrices." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 8, no. 3 (June 2003): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00269-2.
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Due to the complex structures of living systems, the use of microtechnology to recreate in vivo architecture has exciting potential applications. Living tissues maintain a well-organized three-dimensional (3-D) architecture, with “micro” and “nano” scale features. Microtechnologies offer the new possibility of designing and building sensors and devices in dimensional scales close to that of living tissues.1–2 However, most available microscale systems are two-dimensional, and few 3-D systems are being explored. Therefore, we have developed a versatile technique to create a 3-D microscale hierarchical system for cells and biopolymers. By taking advantage of the contraction of hydrogel matrix biopolymers, one can achieve multiple layers of cells within biopolymers using microchannels, and eventually form a hierarchical layered microstructure of cells and biopolymer. Pressure-driven microfluidics using a syringe pump (Harvard Apparatus, Model 11‘) was applied to transport cells within matrix biopolymers through the channels with controlled flow rates. Flow imaging was used to estimate the shear stress and examine the useful range of flow rates for biopolymer fluids to form the layered structure. The 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) — glutaraldehyde activated glass chips were found to effectively immobilize cell-matrix assemblies. Collagen or collagen-chitosan matrix biopolymers were used as constructs throughout the layers. The final structure was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using this approach, the “neotissue” is formed with cellular and biopolymer components engineered to model the in vivo system.
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Kumar, Nitin, Preetinder Kaur, and Surekha Bhatia. "Advances in bio-nanocomposite materials for food packaging: a review." Nutrition & Food Science 47, no. 4 (July 10, 2017): 591–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-11-2016-0176.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to acquaint the readers with recent developments in biopolymer-based food packaging materials like natural biopolymers (such as starches and proteins), synthetic biopolymers (such as poly lactic acid), biopolymer blending and nanocomposites grounded on natural and synthetic biopolymers. This paper is an attempt to draw the readers towards the advantages and attributes of new era polymers to diminish the usage of traditional non-biodegradable polymers. Design/methodology/approach Plastic packaging for food and associated applications is non-biodegradable and uses up valuable and treasured non-renewable petroleum products. With the current focus on researching alternatives to petroleum, research is progressively being channelized towards the development of biodegradable food packaging, thereby reducing adverse impact on the environment. Findings Natural biopolymer-based nanocomposite packaging materials seem to have a scintillating future for a broad range of applications in the food industry, including advanced active food packaging with biofunctional attributes. The present review summarizes the scientific information of various packaging materials along with their attributes, applications and the methods for production. Originality/value This is an apropos review as there has been a recent renewed concern in research studies, both in the industry and academe, for development of new generation biopolymer-based food packaging materials, with possible applications in many areas.
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Chen, Huanwen, David Touboul, Matthias Conradin Jecklin, Jian Zheng, Mingbiao Luo, and Renato Zenobi. "Manipulation of Charge States of Biopolymer Ions by Atmospheric Pressure Ion/Molecule Reactions Implemented in an Extractive Electrospray Ionization Source." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 13, no. 4 (August 2007): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.879.
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A home-made extractive electrospray ionization source is coupled to an linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer to investigate ion/molecule reactions of biopolymers at ambient pressure. Multiply charged biopolymers such as peptides and proteins generated in an electrospray are easily reduced to a low charge state by the atmospheric pressure ion/molecule reactions occurring between the multiply charged ions and a strong basic reagent sprayed in neutral form into the electrospray plume. The charge state of the biopolymer ions can be manipulated by controlling the amount of the basic reagent. The production of biopolymer ions with low charge states results in a substantial improvement of sensitivity and reduced spectral congestion in ESI-MS. This is of importance for biopolymer mixture analysis and could have promising applications in proteomics.
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Jo, Yun Kee. "Natural biopolymer-based hydrogels as designer matrices for organoid cultures." Organoid 3 (September 25, 2023): e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51335/organoid.2023.3.e13.
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Matrigel, a mouse sarcoma-derived extract, is considered the gold standard for organoid cultures. However, it has several drawbacks, including inconsistent and ill-defined composition, varying quality between batches, and potential cancer-related health risks. These factors highlight the need to develop chemically defined alternatives to Matrigel. Natural biopolymers derived from living organisms have emerged as promising substitutes capable of creating chemically defined extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking materials to support organoids in a 3-dimensional (3D) environment. This article provides an overview of natural biopolymeric hydrogel-based bioengineering approaches for constructing 3D matrices resembling artificial ECM for organoid cultures. It discusses the latest developments in utilizing natural biopolymers to direct the growth, differentiation, and maturation of organoids, along with their translational applications in the fields of bioengineering and biomedicine. Additionally, the article offers perspectives on multidisciplinary research on natural biopolymer-based hydrogels for more practical applications as next-generation matrices for organoid cultures.
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Yahya, Esam Bashir, A. A. Amirul, Abdul Khalil H.P.S., Niyi Gideon Olaiya, Muhammad Omer Iqbal, Fauziah Jummaat, Atty Sofea A.K., and A. S. Adnan. "Insights into the Role of Biopolymer Aerogel Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine." Polymers 13, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101612.
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The global transplantation market size was valued at USD 8.4 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 11.5% over the forecast period. The increasing demand for tissue transplantation has inspired researchers to find alternative approaches for making artificial tissues and organs function. The unique physicochemical and biological properties of biopolymers and the attractive structural characteristics of aerogels such as extremely high porosity, ultra low-density, and high surface area make combining these materials of great interest in tissue scaffolding and regenerative medicine applications. Numerous biopolymer aerogel scaffolds have been used to regenerate skin, cartilage, bone, and even heart valves and blood vessels by growing desired cells together with the growth factor in tissue engineering scaffolds. This review focuses on the principle of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and the role of biopolymer aerogel scaffolds in this field, going through the properties and the desirable characteristics of biopolymers and biopolymer tissue scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. The recent advances of using biopolymer aerogel scaffolds in the regeneration of skin, cartilage, bone, and heart valves are also discussed in the present review. Finally, we highlight the main challenges of biopolymer-based scaffolds and the prospects of using these materials in regenerative medicine.
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Chen, I.-Hao, Tzer-Min Lee, and Chih-Ling Huang. "Biopolymers Hybrid Particles Used in Dentistry." Gels 7, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7010031.
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This literature review provides an overview of the fabrication and application of biopolymer hybrid particles in dentistry. A total of 95 articles have been included in this review. In the review paper, the common inorganic particles and biopolymers used in dentistry are discussed in general, and detailed examples of inorganic particles (i.e., hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate, and bioactive glass) and biopolymers such as collagen, gelatin, and chitosan have been drawn from the scientific literature and practical work. Among the included studies, calcium phosphate including hydroxyapatite is the most widely applied for inorganic particles used in dentistry, but bioactive glass is more applicable and multifunctional than hydroxyapatite and is currently used in clinical practice. Today, biopolymer hybrid particles are receiving more attention as novel materials for several applications in dentistry, such as drug delivery systems, bone repair, and periodontal regeneration surgery. The literature published on the biopolymer gel-assisted synthesis of inorganic particles for dentistry is somewhat limited, and therefore, this article focuses on reviewing and discussing the biopolymer hybrid particles used in dentistry.
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Morales-Jiménez, Mónica, Luisa Gouveia, Jorge Yáñez-Fernández, Roberto Castro-Muñoz, and Blanca Estela Barragán-Huerta. "Production, Preparation and Characterization of Microalgae-Based Biopolymer as a Potential Bioactive Film." Coatings 10, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020120.
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Six microalgae strains were screened according to their biomass productivity and polymer synthesis, showing biomass productivity between 0.14 and 0.68 g/(L·d) for a 21-day growth period. Extracellular biopolymers from the spent culture media of Nostoc sp. (No), Synechocystis sp. (Sy), and Porphyridium purpureum (Pp) was obtained, and the yields of the clean biopolymer were 323, 204, and 83 mg/L, respectively. The crude biopolymer was cleaned up using a solid-phase extraction technique. The emulsification index E24 values for the clean biopolymer were 77.5%, 68.8%, and 73.3% at 0.323, 0.083, and 0.204 mg/mL, respectively. The clean biopolymer of the No strain showed the highest fungal growth inhibition against Fusarium verticillioides (70.2%) and Fusarium sp. (61.4%) at 2.24 mg/mL. In general, transparent and flexible biofilms were prepared using biopolymers of No and Pp. The microstructural analysis revealed the presence of pores and cracks in the biofilms, and the average roughness Ra values are 68.6 and 86.4 nm for No and Pp, respectively, and the root mean square roughness Rq values are 86.2 and 107.2 nm for No and Pp, respectively.
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Shamshina, Julia L., and Paula Berton. "Ionic Liquids as Designed, Multi-Functional Plasticizers for Biodegradable Polymeric Materials: A Mini-Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 3 (January 31, 2024): 1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031720.
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Measures to endorse the adoption of eco-friendly biodegradable plastics as a response to the scale of plastic pollution has created a demand for innovative products from materials from Nature. Ionic liquids (ILs) have the ability to disrupt the hydrogen bonding network of biopolymers, increase the mobility of biopolymer chains, reduce friction, and produce materials with various morphologies and mechanical properties. Due to these qualities, ILs are considered ideal for plasticizing biopolymers, enabling them to meet a wide range of specifications for biopolymeric materials. This mini-review discusses the effect of different IL-plasticizers on the processing, tensile strength, and elasticity of materials made from various biopolymers (e.g., starch, chitosan, alginate, cellulose), and specifically covers IL-plasticized packaging materials and materials for biomedical and electrochemical applications. Furthermore, challenges (cost, scale, and eco-friendliness) and future research directions in IL-based plasticizers for biopolymers are discussed.
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Kwon, Tae-Hyuk, and Jonathan B. Ajo-Franklin. "High-frequency seismic response during permeability reduction due to biopolymer clogging in unconsolidated porous media." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): EN117—EN127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0392.1.
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The accumulation of biopolymers in porous media, produced by stimulating either indigenous bacteria or artificially introduced microbes, readily blocks pore throats and can effectively reduce bulk permeability. Such a microbial clogging treatment can be used for selective plugging of permeable zones in reservoirs and is considered a potentially promising approach to enhance sweep efficiency for microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). Monitoring in situ microbial growth, biopolymer formation, and permeability reduction in the reservoir is critical for successful application of this MEOR approach. We examined the feasibility of using seismic signatures (P-wave velocity and attenuation) for monitoring the in situ accumulation of insoluble biopolymers in unconsolidated sediments. Column experiments, which involved stimulating the sucrose metabolism of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and production of the biopolymer dextran, were performed while monitoring changes in permeability and seismic response using the ultrasonic pulse transmission method. We observed that L. mesenteroides produced a viscous biopolymer in sucrose-rich media. Accumulated dextran, occupying 4%–6% pore volume after [Formula: see text] days of growth, reduced permeability more than one order of magnitude. A negligible change in P-wave velocity was observed, indicating no or minimal change in compressive stiffness of the unconsolidated sediment during biopolymer formation. The amplitude of the P-wave signals decreased [Formula: see text] after [Formula: see text] days of biopolymer production; spectral ratio analysis in the 0.4–0.8-MHz band showed an approximate 30%–50% increase in P-wave attenuation ([Formula: see text]) due to biopolymer production. A flow-induced loss mechanism related to the combined grain/biopolymer structure appeared to be the most plausible mechanism for causing the observed increase in P-wave attenuation in the ultrasonic frequency range. Because permeability reduction is also closely linked to biopolymer volume, P-wave attenuation in the ultrasonic frequency range appears to be an effective indicator for monitoring in situ biopolymer accumulation and permeability reduction and could provide a useful proxy for regions with altered transport properties.
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Ilić-Stojanović, Snežana, Ljubiša Nikolić, and Suzana Cakić. "A Review of Patents and Innovative Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels." Gels 9, no. 7 (July 7, 2023): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9070556.
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Biopolymers represent a great resource for the development and utilization of new functional materials due to their particular advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. “Intelligent gels” sensitive to different stimuli (temperature, pH, ionic strength) have different applications in many industries (e.g., pharmacy, biomedicine, food). This review summarizes the research efforts presented in the patent and non-patent literature. A discussion was conducted regarding biopolymer-based hydrogels such as natural proteins (i.e., fibrin, silk fibroin, collagen, keratin, gelatin) and polysaccharides (i.e., chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, carrageenan, alginate). In this analysis, the latest advances in the modification and characterization of advanced biopolymeric formulations and their state-of-the-art administration in drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine were addressed.
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Unger, Scott R., Troy A. Hottle, Shakira R. Hobbs, Cassandra L. Thiel, Nicole Campion, Melissa M. Bilec, and Amy E. Landis. "Do single-use medical devices containing biopolymers reduce the environmental impacts of surgical procedures compared with their plastic equivalents?" Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 22, no. 4 (May 22, 2017): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819617705683.
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Background While petroleum-based plastics are extensively used in health care, recent developments in biopolymer manufacturing have created new opportunities for increased integration of biopolymers into medical products, devices and services. This study compared the environmental impacts of single-use disposable devices with increased biopolymer content versus typically manufactured devices in hysterectomy. Methods A comparative life cycle assessment of single-use disposable medical products containing plastic(s) versus the same single-use medical devices with biopolymers substituted for plastic(s) at Magee-Women’s Hospital (Magee) in Pittsburgh, PA and the products used in four types of hysterectomies that contained plastics potentially suitable for biopolymer substitution. Magee is a 360-bed teaching hospital, which performs approximately 1400 hysterectomies annually. Results There are life cycle environmental impact tradeoffs when substituting biopolymers for petroplastics in procedures such as hysterectomies. The substitution of biopolymers for petroleum-based plastics increased smog-related impacts by approximately 900% for laparoscopic and robotic hysterectomies, and increased ozone depletion-related impacts by approximately 125% for laparoscopic and robotic hysterectomies. Conversely, biopolymers reduced life cycle human health impacts, acidification and cumulative energy demand for the four hysterectomy procedures. The integration of biopolymers into medical products is correlated with reductions in carcinogenic impacts, non-carcinogenic impacts and respiratory effects. However, the significant agricultural inputs associated with manufacturing biopolymers exacerbate environmental impacts of products and devices made using biopolymers. Conclusions The integration of biopolymers into medical products is correlated with reductions in carcinogenic impacts, non-carcinogenic impacts and respiratory effects; however, the significant agricultural inputs associated with manufacturing biopolymers exacerbate environmental impacts.
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Lee, Minhyeong, Jooyoung Im, Gye-Chun Cho, Hee Hwan Ryu, and Ilhan Chang. "Interfacial Shearing Behavior along Xanthan Gum Biopolymer-Treated Sand and Solid Interfaces and Its Meaning in Geotechnical Engineering Aspects." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010139.
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Recently, environment-friendly microbial biopolymer has been widely applied as a new construction material in geotechnical engineering practices including soil stabilization, slope protection, and ground injection. Biopolymer is known to exhibit substantial improvements in geotechnical properties, such as shear strength enhancement and hydraulic conductivity reduction, through the formation of direct ionic bonds with soil particles, especially clay particles. Moreover, the rheological characteristics (e.g., pseudoplasticity, shear-rate dependent thixotropy) of biopolymers render distinctive behaviors such as shear thinning and lubrication effect under a high strain condition, while recovering their viscosities and shear stiffnesses when they are at rest. To ensure the practical applicability of biopolymer-based soil treatment, it is important to understand the interfacial interaction (i.e., friction) between biopolymer-treated soil and adjoining structural members which can be constructed in a biopolymer-treated ground. Thus, in this paper, interfacial shearing behavior of biopolymer-treated soil along solid surfaces as well as internal shearing on biopolymer-soil matrix were explored via direct and interface shear test. Experimental results show a predominant effect of the soil moisture content on the interfacial shear behavior of biopolymer-treated soil which attributes to the rheology transition of biopolymer hydrogels. At low moisture content, condensed biopolymer biofilm mobilizes strong intergranular bonding, where the interfacial shear mainly depends on the physical condition along the surface including the asperity angle. In contrast, the biopolymer induced intergranular bonding weakens as moisture content increases, where most interfacial failures occur in biopolymer-treated soil itself, regardless of the interface condition. In short, this study provides an overall trend of the interfacial friction angle and adhesion variations of xanthan gum biopolymer-treated sand which could be referred when considering a subsequent structural member construction after a biopolymer-based ground improvement practice in field.
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Fatehi, Hadi, Dominic E. L. Ong, Jimmy Yu, and Ilhan Chang. "The Effects of Particle Size Distribution and Moisture Variation on Mechanical Strength of Biopolymer-Treated Soil." Polymers 15, no. 6 (March 21, 2023): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15061549.
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Biopolymers have recently shown great potential to replace traditional binding materials in geotechnical engineering; however, more research is required to reach a deeper understanding of biopolymer-treated soil behavior. The objective of this study was to investigate the most important parameters that affect the behavior of biopolymer-treated soil, including biopolymer content, dehydration time, soil type effect, and durability. Sodium alginate and agar biopolymers were used due to their stability under severe conditions and the reasonable costs to study these parameters. A broad range of soil particle sizes was used to optimize the kaolinite-sand combination. As one of the main concerns in the behavior of biotreated soils, durability was investigated under five cycles of wetting and drying. In addition, a comprehensive microstructural study was performed by FTIR analysis and SEM images, as well as chemical interaction analysis. The results indicated that the optimized biopolymer content was in the range of 0.5–1% (to soil weight) and the dehydration time was 14 days. A soil combination of 25% kaolinite and 75% sand provided the highest compressive strength. Under wetting and drying conditions, biopolymers significantly increased soil resistance against strength reduction and soil mass loss. This study provides an understanding how agar and sodium alginate changes the behavior of the soil and can be used as a reference for further studies in the future.
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Surya, Indra, C. M. Hazwan, H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, Esam Bashir Yahya, A. B. Suriani, Mohammed Danish, and Azmi Mohamed. "Hydrophobicity and Biodegradability of Silane-Treated Nanocellulose in Biopolymer for High-Grade Packaging Applications." Polymers 14, no. 19 (October 3, 2022): 4147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14194147.
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The growing concern about pollution produced by plastic waste and the consequent environmental dangers has led to increased interest in replacing plastics with sustainable and biodegradable alternatives. Biopolymers such as seaweed have been examined for their film-forming characteristics to make edible films for packaging applications. This study aimed to prepare biopolymeric packaging films through a solvent-casting process using natural red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) and kenaf cellulose nanofiber (CNF), followed by film surface treatment using silane. The hydrophobic properties of the seaweed/CNF biopolymer were examined through water solubility (WS), moisture absorption capacity (MAC), water vapor permeability (WVP), and contact angle (CA) measurements. Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) film spectra clearly showed successful modification of the seaweed film (SF) by silane and the incorporation of kenaf CNF over the surface of the seaweed film. The wettability-related analysis showed positive results in determining the modified film’s hydrophobicity properties. Film degradation analysis using the soil burial method showed a lower degradation rate for films with a higher CNF loading. Overall, the characterization results of the seaweed/CNF biopolymer film predicted hydrophobicity properties. The slow degradation rate was improved with surface modification using silane treatment and the incorporation of kenaf CNF filler with the seaweed matrix. As a result, we found that the seaweed/CNF biopolymer film could be used as high-grade packaging material in many potential applications.
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Chen, Chunhui, Zesen Peng, JiaYu Gu, Yaxiong Peng, Xiaoyang Huang, and Li Wu. "Exploring Environmentally Friendly Biopolymer Material Effect on Soil Tensile and Compressive Behavior." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 9032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239032.
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The study of the high-performance of biopolymers and current eco-friendly have recently emerged. However, the micro-behavior and underlying mechanisms during the test are still unclear. In this study, we conducted experimental and numerical tests in parallel to investigate the impact of different xanthan gum biopolymer contents sand. Then, a numerical simulation of the direct tensile test under different tensile positions was carried out. The micro-characteristics of the biopolymer-treated sand were captured and analyzed by numerical simulations. The results indicate that the biopolymer can substantially increase the uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength of the soil. The analysis of the microparameters demonstrates the increase in the contact bond parameter values with different biopolymer contents, and stronger bonding strength is provided with a higher biopolymer content from the microscale. The contact force and crack development during the test were visualized in the paper. In addition, a regression model for predicting the direct tensile strength under different tensile positions was established. The numerical simulation results explained the mechanical and fracture behavior of xanthan gum biopolymer stabilized sand under uniaxial compression, which provides a better understanding of the biopolymer strengthening effect.
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Idris, Maizlinda Izwana, Mohammed Firdaus Adzhari, Siti Natrah Abdul Bakil, Tee Chuan Lee, Mohamad Ali Selimin, and Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah. "Surface Properties of Alginate/Chitosan Biofilm for Wound Healing Application." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 602–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.602.
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This work focuses on the fabrication of film based on natural biopolymers for wound healing application. Alginate and chitosan were choosen because of their oustanding properties such as biocompatible, hydrophilic and non-toxic. Earlier, the biopolymer film was fabricated by using alginate 1% wt and chitosan 1% wt. solutions at volume ratios of 99:1 and 97:3. Next, the biopolymer film solution was cross-linked with 1M CaCl2.2H2O for two hours and later dried for 24 hours at room temperature. Then, the surface properties of the prepared biopolymer films were characterised via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurement. It was observed that the surface of the biopolymer film became rougher as the volume of the chitosan increases. This condition was confirmed with average surface roughness, RA for biopolymer film with ratio of 97:3 resulted in higher values. Also it was found that the surface of biopolymer films were hydrophilic after the contact angle was less than 90°. This can be concluded that the biopolymer based on alginate/chitosan is a promising candidate for wound healing materials particularly with good surface properties for faster healing process at the wound areas.
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Ahmad, Noormazlinah, Abdurahman Nour Hamid, and Adil M. Osman. "A Review Study on the Potential of Microalgae Biomass Producing Biopolymer Material." Current Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (June 15, 2023): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/cst.v2i2.9413.
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This review focuses on the potential of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymer materials. Microalgae have gained attention as a sustainable and renewable source of energy and other useful products such as biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. One promising application of microalgae is as a source of biopolymers, which can be used as a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. The review is conducted through a comprehensive search of electronic databases, screening of relevant articles, and synthesis of information obtained from the selected studies. The review also critically evaluates the strengths and limitations of the existing research on the potential of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymer materials. The outcomes in this review highlights key findings related to the potential applications of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymers and identifies areas for future research. The conclusions and recommendations of this review are important for guiding the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly biopolymer materials.
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Shi, Jiayuan, and Bin Shi. "Environment-Friendly Design of Lithium Batteries Starting from Biopolymer-Based Electrolyte." Nano 16, no. 05 (April 7, 2021): 2130006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292021300061.
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The nondegradable nature and toxicity of organic liquid electrolytes reveal the design deficiency of lithium batteries in environmental protection. Biopolymers can be extracted from biomass under mild conditions, thus they are usually low cost and renewable. The unique characteristics of biopolymers such as water solubility, film-forming capability and adhesive property are of importance for lithium battery. The studies on the biopolymer materials for lithium batteries have been reviewed in this work. Although a lot of work on the biopolymer-based battery materials has been reported, it is still a challenge in the design of lithium battery with zero pollution and zero waste.
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Chang, Ilhan, Yeong-Man Kwon, Jooyoung Im, and Gye-Chun Cho. "Soil consistency and interparticle characteristics of xanthan gum biopolymer–containing soils with pore-fluid variation." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 8 (August 2019): 1206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0254.
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Biopolymer–soil technology is currently recognized as an environmentally friendly soil improvement method for geotechnical engineering practices. However, concerns exist regarding biopolymer fine-soil applications because the performance of biopolymers is based on an electrical interaction with clay or a pore fluid. Thus, the effect of water content and pore-fluid chemistry on biopolymer behavior in soil must first be clarified in terms of biopolymer applications. In this study, the liquid limits of xanthan gum biopolymer–treated clay–sand mixtures (clayey silt, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and sand) were obtained using three chemically distinct pore fluids (deionized water, 2 mol/L NaCl brine, and kerosene). Xanthan gum has contrary effects to the soil consistency, where the liquid limit can decrease via xanthan gum–induced particle aggregation or increase due to xanthan gum hydrogel formation. The clay-mineral type governed the xanthan gum behavior in the deionized water, while the pore-fluid chemistry governed the xanthan gum behavior in the brine and the kerosene.
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Koralegedara, Indika Dilrukshi, Charith Aravinda Hettiarachchi, Batugahage Don Rohitha Prasantha, and Kuruppu Mudiyanselage Swarna Wimalasiri. "Synthesis of Nano-Scale Biopolymer Particles from Legume Protein Isolates and Carrageenan." Food technology and biotechnology 58, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.58.02.20.6279.
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Research background. Food proteins and polysaccharides can be used for the synthesis of nano-scale biopolymer particles with potential applications in the fields of food and pharmaceuticals. This study focuses on utilizing legume proteins for the production of biopolymer particles via regulation of their electrostatic interactions with carrageenan. Experimental approach. Protein isolates were obtained from mung bean (Vigna radiata), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and black gram (Vigna mungo) and their protein profiles were determined. Next, these isolates were allowed to interact with carrageenan at pH=5.0-7.0 to determine optimum conditions for obtaining nano-scale biopolymer particles. Selected biopolymer mixtures were then subjected to a heat treatment (85 °C for 20 min) to enhance the interactions among biopolymers. Results and conclusion. Nano-scale biopolymer complexes were obtained at pH=6.5. They were roughly spherical in shape with a majority having a diameter in the range of approx. 100-150 nm. Heating of the biopolymer mixtures increased the diameter of the biopolymer particles by approx. 2.5-fold. In addition, their negative surface charge was increased, stabilizing them against aggregation over a broader pH range (4.0-7.0), enhancing their potential to be utilized in food matrices. Novelty and scientific contribution. This study reports the applicability of mung bean, cowpea and black gram proteins for the synthesis of stable biopolymer particles. These biopolymer particles can be potentially used for the encapsulation and delivery of bioactive components.
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Soldo, Antonio, Victor Aguilar, and Marta Miletić. "Macroscopic Stress-Strain Response and Strain-Localization Behavior of Biopolymer-Treated Soil." Polymers 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050997.
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The enhancement of soil engineering properties with biopolymers has been shown recently as a viable and environmentally benign alternative to cement and chemical stabilization. Interest in biopolymer-treated soil is evident from the upsurge of related research activities in the last five years, most of which have been experimental in nature. However, biopolymers have not yet found their way into engineering practice. One of the reasons for this may be the absence of computational models that would allow engineers to incorporate biopolymer-treated soil into their designs. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to numerically capture a macroscopic stress-strain response and investigate the effect of biopolymers on the onset of strain localization. Several diagnostic strain-localization analyses were conducted, thus providing strain and stress levels at the onset of strain localization, along with the orientations of the deformation band. Several unconfined compression and triaxial tests on the plain and biopolymer-treated soils were modeled. Results showed that biopolymers significantly improved the mechanical behavior of the soil and affected the onset of strain localization. The numerical results were confirmed by the digital image analysis of the unconfined compression tests. Digital image processing successfully captured high strain concentrations, which tended to occur close to the peak stress.
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Yahya, Esam Bashir, Fauziah Jummaat, A. A. Amirul, A. S. Adnan, N. G. Olaiya, C. K. Abdullah, Samsul Rizal, M. K. Mohamad Haafiz, and H. P. S. Abdul Khalil. "A Review on Revolutionary Natural Biopolymer-Based Aerogels for Antibacterial Delivery." Antibiotics 9, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9100648.
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A biopolymer-based aerogel has been developed to become one of the most potentially utilized materials in different biomedical applications. The biopolymer-based aerogel has unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties and these properties are used in tissue engineering, biosensing, diagnostic, medical implant and drug delivery applications. Biocompatible and non-toxic biopolymers such as chitosan, cellulose and alginates have been used to deliver antibiotics, plants extract, essential oils and metallic nanoparticles. Antibacterial aerogels have been used in superficial and chronic wound healing as dressing sheets. This review critically analyses the utilization of biopolymer-based aerogels in antibacterial delivery. The analysis shows the relationship between their properties and their applications in the wound healing process. Furthermore, highlights of the potentials, challenges and proposition of the application of biopolymer-based aerogels is explored.
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Mackie, Alan. "Biopolymers 2013: Biopolymer assemblies for material design." Biopolymers 101, no. 9 (June 23, 2014): 913–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.22511.
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