Academic literature on the topic 'Bioplatics'

In this study, durian seed was used to mix with poly (lactic acid), PLA for bioplates production. Durian seeds were prepared to peel off the brown skin on durian seed and then were dried. It was called brown skin durian (BSD). BSD was reduced the size below 1 mm. The mixtures between BSD and PLA were varied at 10:90, 20:80, 30:70 g/g. All mixtures were compressed into bioplates mold with varying the temperature at 90, 110, and 130 °C and the pressure at 2.0, 2.7, and 3.4 MN/m2. Bioplates sample were also investigated the properties in term of water absorption, tensile strength, and degradation. Results showed that the optimal mixture between BSD and PLA was 30:70 g/g and the suitable production condition presented the temperature and pressure at 130 °C and 3.4 MN/m2, respectively. These conditions provided low water absorption, high tensile strength and provided the proper degradation within 7 days. Hence, agricultural waste (durian seed) can be combined with PLA to produce the bio-container as bioplates which presented the potential to use in waste management.

Abstract Purpose: Platinum derivatives are widely used for treating a variety of solid tumours. Besides its direct cytotoxic action, Platinum derivatives play an important role in antitumor immune response, mainly by its inherent capacity to induce immunogenic cell death. Induction of apoptosis using novel therapeutics can be considered a key therapeutic strategy for preventing recurrence and metastasis in cancer patients. Bioplatin is an oral, nano platinum-based compound manufactured using patented innovative processing, based on green technology with an aim of retaining its anti-cancer properties while at the same time reducing its dose limiting toxicities. This compound has demonstrated the property of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells by preventing DNA replication. Since Bioplatin is developed with an aim of arresting disease progression and improving progression-free survival/disease-free survival its administration is expected to be for a longer duration hence its oral dosing and good tolerability are of utmost importance. Methods: The present study, Phase-I multicentric clinical trial (CTRI/2017/06/008778) was conducted. with an aim of determining the maximum tolerated dose, safety, tolerability and effect on Quality-of-life (QoL) Bioplatin was administered orally for 21 consecutive days to advanced-stage cancer patients of solid tumours who were not responding to any conventional anticancer therapy. Dose escalation was carried out to determine the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD). Results: A total of 14 patients received Bioplatin at 4 dose levels, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, and 60 mg Cohort. The mean progression-free survival (PFS) was 40.25 ± 13.47 days. The highest mean PFS of 50.67 ± 6.66 days was observed in the 40 mg Cohort. The mean PFS was 37.67 ± 16.74 days in 60 mg cohort. Analysis of QoLusing FACT-G showed improvement in QoL (FACT-G) in the 60 mg cohort as compared to Day 1 (p<0.05). No dose-limiting toxicity was reported. Conclusion: Considering that Bioplatin can be administered orally, its tolerability, and its property to delay tumor growth, we propose that it can be used for the treatment of patients with platinum-sensitive tumours. Bioplatin has the potential as an orally consumable immunotherapy agent for longer duration. It is expected to increase disease-free survival (DFS) post-surgery/chemotherapy or as maintenance therapy with other agents in advanced stages patients of platinum-sensitive tumours for improving Quality of life and increasing survival. The findings of the study warrant further clinical evaluation. Citation Format: Yogesh Bendale, Vikram Gota, Rajnish Nagarkar, Eeshani Bendale, Nandinee Khot, Surendra Nagre, Avinash Kadam. Bioplatin (NTPX-07) as an oral nano platinum in patients of advanced stage malignancy: Outcomes of a phase I clinical trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr CT169.

Purpose: substantiation and consideration of the assimilating ability of natural and artificially waterlogged areas within the reclaimed landscapes to support the decision to discharge drainage runoff onto the relief or to create constructed wetland. Materials and methods. The calculation of the hydraulic and anthropogenic impact on the wetlands within the reclamation system and constructed wetlands parameters, taking into account the assimilating capacity of wetlands, was performed using computer program in Excel. Results. The possibility of creating artificially waterlogged sites (bioplatos) within a reclamation system for the discharge and purification of drainage flow with subsequent discharge into the river network is considered. In order to take into account the assimilation capacity of wetlands (bioplatos) and the possibility of dumping contaminated drainage waters into them, the computer calculations were performed and graphs were constructed, the dependence of the bioplatos area on the assimilating ability of higher aquatic plants, as well as the total cost which is trends within 50–250 thousands rubles under given conditions of calculations are obtained. Conclusions. The obtained graphs showing the dependence between bioplato area and phosphorous assimilation allow us to determine the area and assimilating capacity of the bioplatos at drainage flow discharge containing phosphorous in the range from 0.5 to 10 l/s per 1 ha of the area of the structure with a drained area in the range of 200–800 ha, depending on the assimilating ability of higher aquatic plants at concentrations of nutrients of the nitrogen and phosphorus groups exceeding the MPC by 3 times in nitrogen and 60 times in phosphorus at different temperatures conditions.

This study presented a method to upgrade existing aeration tanks to remove total nitrogen (TN). Bioplates carrying entrapped biomass were installed in an aeration basin to create anoxic/anaerobic zones where denitrification can proceed. In a reactor that coupled bioplates containing entrapped biomass (equivalent to as high as 7,500 mg/L of biomass) and an activated sludge suspension (at mixed liquor suspended solids of 1,300–2,400 mg/L), nitrification efficiency exceeded 95% for an influent wastewater containing 21–54 mg/L of NH3-N. In all cases amended with alkalinity and with or without added methanol as an electron source, TN removal was between 60 and 70%. The results demonstrated anoxic/oxic or anaerobic/anoxic/oxic processes could be incorporated in a conventional aeration basin, requiring no substantial modifications of the vessel and operation, and thus providing improved treatment in terms of nitrogen removal in the conventional suspended-growth process.

Concurrent nitrification and denitrification (CND) are natural phenomena in the soil environment that can be applied in wastewater treatment for enhanced total nitrogen removal. However, significant renovation is necessary for existing plants to equip them for nutrient removal. At a domestic wastewater treatment plant, we performed a pilot test by installing bioplates with entrapped biomass in a conventional aeration basin for CND, and investigated the effects of bioplate packing ratio (PR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), dissolved oxygen (DO) level, on/off aeration mode, and supplemental carbon and alkalinity on nitrogen removal. With the pilot aeration basin of 1.3 m3 loaded with mixed liquor suspended solids of 1,500–2,500 mg/L and bioplates at PR of 3.2% (3.2% basin volume) operated at HRT of 6 h and DO of 4–6 mg/L without supplemental carbon or alkalinity, nitrogen in the wastewater was removed to an effluent total nitrogen (TN) of 7.3 mg/L from an influent TN of 28 mg/L, achieving a specific TN removal of 25 g TN/m2/d. The bioplate, consisting of modular, robust cellulose triacetate structure carrying the biomass, shows promise in retrofitting conventional aeration basins for enhanced nutrient removal.

The article presents clinical observations of the development of precancerous conditions of the vaginal vault, and also squamous cell cancer in women after panhysterectomy. The examination included: comprehensive vaginoscopy, cytological examination of vaginal wall smears, human papillomavirus test, histological examination of bioplates. Conclusion. Panhysterectomy does not guarantee the absence of precancerous lesions of the vagina or vaginal cancer. Therefore, routine screening (cytology, testing for high-risk human papillomavirus, vaginoscopy) should be continued in women after panhysterectomy with a history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias for at least 20 years, even in women older than 65 years. Key words: vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, human papillomavirus, panhysterectomy, papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer, photodynamic therapy

Cinderamata merupakan suatu hal yang harus ada di sebuah tempat wisata. Pantai Madasari sebagai tempat wisata baru memiliki sumber daya hayati yang melimpah namun belum memiliki cinderamata sehingga perlu dikembangkan sumber daya hayati menjadi suatu cinderamata. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah melatih pemuda Karang Taruna Fajar Desa Masawah membuat bioplastik dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya hayati yang ada di Pantai Madasari untuk dijadikan cinderamata khas wisata Pantai Madasari. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 30 orang pemuda selama 6 jam. Kegiatan awal berupa pemaparan teori pembuatan bioplastik dan praktek pembuatan bioplatik. Hasil akhir dari kegiatan ini adalah berbagai bentuk bioplastik yang dapat dijadikan cinderamata dari Pantai Madasari. Kesimpulan kegiatan ini adalah program pelatihan pembuatan bioplastik sebagai cinderamata bagi karang taruna Desa Masawah telah berhasil dilaksanakan, terbukti dengan banyaknya hasil bioplastik yang telah dibuat oleh anggota karang taruna.

Polymer films with nano- or microstructured surfaces have been widely applied to optical devices, bioplates, and printed electronics. Laser-assisted thermal imprinting (LATI), in which a laser directly heats the surfaces of a mold and a thermoplastic polymer, is one of the high-throughput methods of replicating nano- or microstructures on polymer films. Only the surfaces of the mold and polymer film are heated and cooled rapidly, therefore it is possible to replicate nano- or microstructures on polymer films more rapidly than by using conventional thermal nanoimprinting. In this study, microlens arrays (MLAs) were replicated on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) films using LATI, and the effects of the pressing pressure (10−50 MPa) and the pattern size (33- and 5-μm pitch) of the MLA on the filling ratio were investigated by analyzing a microlens replicated using different laser-irradiation times (0.1−2 ms). The filling ratio increased with increasing pressing pressure and laser-irradiation time in the replication of MLAs with varying sizes, while the flow of the PMMA varied with the pressing pressure and laser-irradiation time. It was found that during filling, the shape of the polymer cross-sectional surface demonstrated a double and single peak in the 33- and 5-μm-pitch patterns, respectively. This was because the depth of the heated area in the 33-μm-pitch pattern was smaller than the pattern size, whereas that of the 5-μm-pitch pattern was comparable to (or larger) than the pattern size.

L'impact environnemental des plastiques conventionnels conduit à un développement et à un déploiement de matériaux alternatifs comme les plastiques biodégradables. Ces plastiques biodégradables ont pour avantage, par rapport aux plastiques conventionnels, de pouvoir être traités en filière de recyclage organique (méthanisation ou compostage). Cependant, l'étude de la fin de vie des plastiques biodégradables en méthanisation en est encore à ses débuts. Par conséquent, l'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier le devenir de ces matériaux en digestion anaérobie (DA) mésophile et thermophile, leurs performances de biodégradation et les microorganismes qui sont impliqués dans leur biodégradation. Des expérimentations de DA en mode batch ont été réalisées sur les principaux polymères biodégradables (PHB, PLA, PCL, PBAT, TPS, PBS) et sur trois mélanges commerciaux, en conditions mésophiles et thermophiles. Seul le poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) et l'amidon thermoplastique (TPS) ont présenté une conversion en méthane rapide (25-50 jours) et importante (57-80,3% et 80,2-82,6%, respectivement). Des bactéries précédemment identifiées comme des dégradeurs de PHB (i.e., Enterobacter, Ilyobacter delafieldii et Cupriavidus) ont été observées pendant la dégradation mésophile et thermophile du PHB. De la même manière, des bactéries dégradant l'amidon (du genre Clostridium) ont été retrouvées lors de la dégradation thermophile et mésophile du TPS. La cinétique de biodégradation du PLA était très lente en conditions mésophiles (500 jours pour une biodégradation du PLA de 74.7 à 80.3%). La condition thermophile était beaucoup plus favorable (60 à 100 jours pour la même biodégradation). Les bactéries consommatrices de lactate, comme Tepidimicrobium, Moorella et Tepidanaerobacter ont été mises en évidence durant la dégradation thermophile du PLA. La faible cinétique de biodégradation de la plupart des plastiques biodégradables dans les digesteurs anaérobies mésophiles est un obstacle majeur à leur introduction à l'échelle industrielle. Des prétraitements thermiques (120 ou 150 °C) et thermo-alcalins (70 °C ou 90 °C avec ajout d'hydroxyde de calcium) ont été mis en œuvre avec succès sur le PLA qui représente 25% de la production de plastique biodégradable. Ces traitements permettaient d'atteindre un rendement de biodégradation de 73% après 15-20 jours.La stabilité et les performances de la co-digestion du PHB et du PLA (avec et sans prétraitement) avec des biodéchets en conditions mésophiles ont ensuite été validés à l'échelle pilote semi-continu afin d’être plus représentatif de la réalité industrielle. L'ajout de plastiques biodégradables a donné lieu à un processus plus stable par rapport à la condition biodéchets seul et aucun effet négatif n'a pu être détecté. Une biodégradation complète du PHB a été mesurée alors que le PLA s'est accumulé dans le réacteur, et une biodégradation moyenne de 47,6 % a été estimée pendant le troisième temps de rétention hydraulique. Le prétraitement thermo-alcalin du PLA a amélioré le rendement de biodégradation à 77,5%. Enfin, une zone d'ombre autour de la qualité et de l'innocuité des digestats ayant traités des plastiques biodégradables subsiste, celle-ci devra être impérativement levée dans un avenir proche
Growing concern regarding non-biodegradable plastics and the impact of these materials on the environment has promoted interest in biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics offer additional waste management options (e.g., anaerobic digestion or composting) over conventional plastics. However, the treatment of biodegradable plastics under anaerobic digestion is only in its infancy. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the fate of biodegradable plastics in anaerobic digestion systems and the microorganisms involved in the plastic conversion to methane.For this purpose, batch anaerobic digestion experiments were performed on the main biodegradable polymers and on three commercial blends of biodegradable polymer, under both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Only Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and Thermoplastic starch (TPS) exhibited rapid (25-50 days) and important (57-80.3% and 80.2-82.6%, respectively) conversion to methane under both mesophilic and thermophilic condition. Methane production rates from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was very low under mesophilic condition, to such an extent that 500 days were required to reach the ultimate methane production, corresponding to a PLA conversion to methane of 74.7-80.3%. Methane production rate from PLA was greatly enhanced under thermophilic condition since only 60 to 100 days were required to reach the same ultimate methane production. Lactate-utilizing bacteria such as Tepidimicrobium, Moorella and Tepidanaerobacter were revealed to be important during the thermophilic digestion of PLA. Similarly, starch-degrading bacteria (from Clostridium genus) were highlighted during TPS digestion at 38 °C and 58°C. Previously known PHB degraders (i.e., Enterobacter, Ilyobacter delafieldii and Cupriavidus) were observed during mesophilic and thermophilic AD of PHB. The low biodegradation rate of most of the biodegradable plastics in mesophilic anaerobic digesters is a major hindrance to their introduction at industrial scale. Thermal (at 120 or 150 °C) and thermo-alkaline (at 70°C or 90 °C with calcium hydroxide addition) pretreatments were successfully implemented on PLA. These strategies were tested on PLA, which is one of the main biodegradable polymer, accounting for 25% of the biodegradable plastic production. PLA pretreated with these treatments, achieved biodegradation yield of 73% after 15-20 days; a similar biodegradation yield was obtained after 500 days for untreated PLA.PHB and PLA are among the most studied polymer to replace conventional plastics. Finally, the stability and performances of the co-digestion of these plastics (with and without PLA pretreatment) with food wastes fed semi-continuously under mesophilic conditions was investigated. The addition of biodegradable plastics resulted in a more stable process (in comparison with stand-alone biowastes reactor) and no negative effects could be detected. PHB was estimated to be fully biodegraded in the reactors. By contrast, PLA was accumulating in the reactor, and an average biodegradation of 47.6% was estimated during the third hydraulic retention time. Thermo-alkaline pretreatment of PLA improved the biodegradation yield of PLA to 77.5%. The identification of specific microorganisms implicated in the biodegradable plastic degradation was complicated; the majority of the microorganisms correlated with the methane production from reactors co-digesting PLA and PHB were implicated in the anaerobic digestion of the biowaste, which can be explained by the low proportion of biodegradable plastics introduced