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Journal articles on the topic 'Biophysical characterisation'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Biophysical characterisation.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Nestorow, Stephanie A., Tim R. Dafforn, and Verna Frasca. "Biophysical characterisation of SMALPs." Biochemical Society Transactions 49, no. 5 (October 13, 2021): 2037–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20201088.

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Membrane proteins such as receptors, ion channels and transport proteins are important drug targets. The structure-based study of membrane proteins is challenging, especially when the target protein contains both soluble and insoluble domains. Most membrane proteins are insoluble in aqueous solvent and embedded in the plasma membrane lipid bilayer, which significantly complicates biophysical studies. Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) (SMA) and other polymer derivatives are increasingly common solubilisation agents, used to isolate membrane proteins stabilised in their native lipid environment in the total absence of detergent. Since the initial report of SMA-mediated solubilisation, and the formation of SMA lipid particles (SMALPs), this technique can directly isolate therapeutic targets from biological membranes, including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). SMA now allows biophysical and structural analyses of membrane proteins in solution that was not previously possible. Here, we critically review several existing biophysical techniques compatible with SMALPs, with a focus on hydrodynamic analysis, microcalorimetric analysis and optical spectroscopic techniques.

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2

Khalesi, Mohammadreza, Nathalie Mandelings, Zahra Shokribousjein, David Riveros-Galan, Hubert Verachtert, Kurt Gebruers, Frank Delvigne, Ivo Vankelecom, and Guy Derdelinckx. "Biophysical characterisation of hydrophobin enriched foamate." Cerevisia 38, no. 4 (January 2014): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cervis.2014.04.003.

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3

Picciotto, Sabrina, Maria E. Barone, David Fierli, Anita Aranyos, Giorgia Adamo, Darja Božič, Daniele P. Romancino, et al. "Isolation of extracellular vesicles from microalgae: towards the production of sustainable and natural nanocarriers of bioactive compounds." Biomaterials Science 9, no. 8 (2021): 2917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0bm01696a.

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4

Haar, G. ter, F. Duck, H. Starritt, and S. Daniels. "Biophysical characterisation of diagnostic ultrasound equipment-preliminary results." Physics in Medicine and Biology 34, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 1533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/34/11/002.

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5

Plesner, Bitten, Peter Westh, and Anders D. Nielsen. "Biophysical characterisation of GlycoPEGylated recombinant human factor VIIa." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 406, no. 1-2 (March 15, 2011): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.12.034.

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6

Castro, Ignacio Hugo, Alejandro Ferrari, María Georgina Herrera, Martín Ezequiel Noguera, Lorenzo Maso, Monica Benini, Alessandra Rufini, Roberto Testi, Paola Costantini, and Javier Santos. "Biophysical characterisation of the recombinant human frataxin precursor." FEBS Open Bio 8, no. 3 (January 25, 2018): 390–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.12376.

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7

Scheidt, Tom, Tadas Kartanas, Quentin Peter, Matthias M. Schneider, Kadi L. Saar, Thomas Müller, Pavan Kumar Challa, Aviad Levin, Sean Devenish, and Tuomas P. J. Knowles. "Multidimensional protein characterisation using microfluidic post-column analysis." Lab on a Chip 20, no. 15 (2020): 2663–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0lc00219d.

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8

Kwan, Tristan O. C., Rosana Reis, Giuliano Siligardi, Rohanah Hussain, Harish Cheruvara, and Isabel Moraes. "Selection of Biophysical Methods for Characterisation of Membrane Proteins." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 2605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102605.

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Over the years, there have been many developments and advances in the field of integral membrane protein research. As important pharmaceutical targets, it is paramount to understand the mechanisms of action that govern their structure–function relationships. However, the study of integral membrane proteins is still incredibly challenging, mostly due to their low expression and instability once extracted from the native biological membrane. Nevertheless, milligrams of pure, stable, and functional protein are always required for biochemical and structural studies. Many modern biophysical tools are available today that provide critical information regarding to the characterisation and behaviour of integral membrane proteins in solution. These biophysical approaches play an important role in both basic research and in early-stage drug discovery processes. In this review, it is not our objective to present a comprehensive list of all existing biophysical methods, but a selection of the most useful and easily applied to basic integral membrane protein research.

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Kasim, Johanes K., Iman Kavianinia, Jin Ng, Paul W. R. Harris, Nigel P. Birch, and Margaret A. Brimble. "Efficient synthesis and characterisation of the amyloid beta peptide, Aβ1–42, using a double linker system." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 1 (2019): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob02929f.

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10

Reis, Ana, Joana P. F. Teixeira, Ana M. G. Silva, Mariana Ferreira, Paula Gameiro, and Victor de Freitas. "Modelling Hyperglycaemia in an Epithelial Membrane Model: Biophysical Characterisation." Biomolecules 12, no. 10 (October 21, 2022): 1534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12101534.

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Biomimetic models are valuable platforms to improve our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms governing membrane-driven processes in (patho)physiological conditions, including membrane permeability, transport, and fusion. However, current membrane models are over simplistic and do not include the membrane’s lipid remodelling in response to extracellular stimuli. Our study describes the synthesis of glycated dimyristoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE-glyc), which was structurally characterised by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and quantified by NMR spectroscopy to be further incorporated in a complex phospholipid (PL) membrane model enriched in cholesterol (Chol) and (glyco)sphingolipids (GSL) designed to mimic epithelial membranes (PL/Chol/GSL) under hyperglycaemia conditions. Characterisation of synthesised DMPE-glyc adducts by tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) show that synthetic DMPE-glyc adducts correspond to Amadori products and quantification by 1H NMR spectroscopy show that the yield of glycation reaction was 8%. The biophysical characterisation of the epithelial membrane model shows that excess glucose alters the thermotropic behaviour and fluidity of epithelial membrane models likely to impact permeability of solutes. The epithelial membrane models developed to mimic normo- and hyperglycaemic scenarios are the basis to investigate (poly)phenol-lipid and drug–membrane interactions crucial in nutrition, pharmaceutics, structural biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry.

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11

Carvalho, Diogo Duarte, Susana Soares, Rodrigo Zacca, João Sousa, Daniel Almeida Marinho, António José Silva, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, and Ricardo J. Fernandes. "Anaerobic Threshold Biophysical Characterisation of the Four Swimming Techniques." International Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 05 (January 23, 2020): 318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0975-9532.

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AbstractThe anaerobic threshold (AnT) seems to be not only a physiologic boundary but also a transition after which swimmers technique changes, modifying their biomechanical behaviour. We expanded the AnT concept to a biophysical construct in the four conventional swimming techniques. Seventy-two elite swimmers performed a 5×200 m incremental protocol in their preferred swimming technique (with a 0.05 m·s−1 increase and a 30 s interval between steps). A capillary blood samples were collected from the fingertip and stroke rate (SR) and length (SL) determined for the assessment of [La], SR and SL vs. velocity inflexion points (using the interception of a pair of linear and exponential regression curves). The [La] values at the AnT were 3.3±1.0, 3.9±1.1, 2.9±1 .34 and 4.5±1.4 mmol·l−1 (mean±SD) for front crawl, backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly, and its corresponding velocity correlated highly with those at SR and SL inflection points (r=0.91–0.99, p<0.001). The agreement analyses confirmed that AnT represents a biophysical boundary in the four competitive swimming techniques and can be determined individually using [La] and/or SR/SL. Blood lactate increase speed can help characterise swimmers’ anaerobic behaviour after AnT and between competitive swimming techniques.

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12

Ly, Kien, Liam O’Ryan, and Alok K. Mitra. "Overexpression, purification and biophysical characterisation of E. coli MerT." Protein Expression and Purification 108 (April 2015): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2014.11.016.

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13

Hughes, C. S., E. Longo, M. K. Phillips-Jones, and R. Hussain. "Quality control and biophysical characterisation data of VanS A." Data in Brief 14 (October 2017): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.012.

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14

Lowe, Alan R., and Laura S. Itzhaki. "Biophysical Characterisation of the Small Ankyrin Repeat Protein Myotrophin." Journal of Molecular Biology 365, no. 4 (January 2007): 1245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2006.10.060.

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15

Phillips-Jones, Mary K. "Structural and biophysical characterisation of membrane protein–ligand binding." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1838, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.09.013.

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16

Schneider, Ralf, Sacha A. Jensen, Pat Whiteman, James S. O. McCullagh, Christina Redfield, and Penny A. Handford. "Biophysical Characterisation of Fibulin-5 Proteins Associated with Disease." Journal of Molecular Biology 401, no. 4 (August 2010): 605–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2010.06.039.

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17

Mohd Kipli, Muhd Faiz-Hafiz, Jolyon Claridge, and Jason Schnell. "Biochemical and Biophysical Characterisation of Influenza a Virus Proteins." Biophysical Journal 114, no. 3 (February 2018): 223a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.1240.

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18

Holdgate, Geoffrey, Kevin Embrey, Alexander Milbradt, and Gareth Davies. "Biophysical methods in early drug discovery." ADMET and DMPK 7, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 222–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/admet.733.

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Biophysical methods such as mass spectrometry, surface plasmon resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, and both differential scanning isothermal titration calorimetry are now well established as key components of the early drug discovery process. These approaches are used successfully for a range of activities, including assay development, primary screening, hit confirmation and detailed mechanistic characterisation of compound binding. Matching the speed, sensitivity and information content of the various techniques to the generation of critical data and information required at each phase of the drug discovery process has been key. This review describes the framework by which these methods have been applied in the drug discovery process and provides case studies to exemplify the impact.

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19

Indirabai, Indu, M. V. Harindranathan Nair, Jaishankar R. Nair, and Rama Rao Nidamanuri. "Optical Remote Sensing for Biophysical Characterisation in Forests: A Review." International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 14, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.37622/ijaer/14.2.2019.344-354.

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20

Tidow, H., D. Mattle, and P. Nissen. "Structural and biophysical characterisation of agrin laminin G3 domain constructs." Protein Engineering Design and Selection 24, no. 1-2 (October 30, 2010): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzq082.

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21

Yiu, C. P. Benny, Rebecca L. Beavil, and H. Y. Edwin Chan. "Biophysical characterisation reveals structural disorder in the nucleolar protein, Dribble." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 343, no. 1 (April 2006): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.153.

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22

Yang, Quan, and Richard H. Guy. "Characterisation of Skin Barrier Function Using Bioengineering and Biophysical Techniques." Pharmaceutical Research 32, no. 2 (August 5, 2014): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-014-1473-5.

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23

Cheng, Chao-Sheng, Chih-Hao Chen, Yong-Chun Luo, Wen-Tin Chen, Shun-Ya Chang, Ping-Chiang Lyu, Mou-Chieh Kao, and Hsien-Sheng Yin. "Crystal structure and biophysical characterisation of Helicobacter pylori phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 408, no. 2 (May 2011): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.058.

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24

Chattopadhyay, Tinku, and Bishnupada Chatterjee. "Further biochemical and biophysical characterisation of scyllin, Scylla serrata hemolymph lectin." IUBMB Life 42, no. 1 (June 1997): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15216549700202571.

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25

Tripathi, Rashmi, Nathalie Benz, Bridget Culleton, Pascal Trouvé, and Claude Férec. "Biophysical Characterisation of Calumenin as a Charged F508del-CFTR Folding Modulator." PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (August 13, 2014): e104970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104970.

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26

Diridollou, S., A. Pavy-Le Traon, A. Maillet, F. Bellossi, D. Black, F. Patat, J. M. Lagarde, M. Berson, and Y. Gall. "Characterisation of gravity-induced facial skin oedema using biophysical measurement techniques." Skin Research and Technology 6, no. 3 (August 2000): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0846.2000.006003118.x.

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27

Farrington, Jasmine, Claire L. Tree-booker, Peter Peachell, and Elizabeth P. Seward. "Biophysical and Pharmacological Characterisation of Calcium Channels in Human Mast Cells." Biophysical Journal 102, no. 3 (January 2012): 425a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.2323.

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28

Cooke, M., M. J. Pearson, R. L. Williams, L. M. Grover, and S. W. Jones. "Characterisation of the biochemical and biophysical properties of biomimetic cartilage models." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 24 (April 2016): S172—S173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.338.

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29

Brandenburg, Klaus, Michel H. J. Koch, and Ulrich Seydel. "Biophysical characterisation of lysozyme binding to LPS Re and lipid A." European Journal of Biochemistry 258, no. 2 (December 1998): 686–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2580686.x.

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30

Sanami, M., Z. Shtein, I. Sweeney, A. Sorushanova, A. Rivkin, M. Miraftab, O. Shoseyov, et al. "Biophysical and biological characterisation of collagen/resilin-like protein composite fibres." Biomedical Materials 10, no. 6 (November 6, 2015): 065005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-6041/10/6/065005.

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31

Jiwani, Shahwar Imran, Richard B. Gillis, David Besong, Fahad Almutairi, Tayyibe Erten, M. Samil Kök, Stephen E. Harding, Berit S. Paulsen, and Gary G. Adams. "Isolation and Biophysical Characterisation of Bioactive Polysaccharides from Cucurbita Moschata (Butternut Squash)." Polymers 12, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081650.

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Cucurbits are plants that have been used frequently as functional foods. This study includes the extraction, isolation, and characterisation of the mesocarp polysaccharide of Cucurbita moschata. The polysaccharide component was purified by gel filtration into three fractions (NJBTF1, NJBTF2, and NJBTF3) of different molecular weights. Characterisation includes the hydrodynamic properties, identification of monosaccharide composition, and bioactivity. Sedimentation velocity also indicated the presence of small amounts of additional discrete higher molecular weight components even after fractionation. Sedimentation equilibrium revealed respective weight average molecular weights of 90, 31, and 19 kDa, with the higher fractions (NJBTF1 and NJBTF2) indicating a tendency to self-associate. Based on the limited amount of data (combinations of 3 sets of viscosity and sedimentation data corresponding to the 3 fractions), HYDFIT indicates an extended, semi-flexible coil conformation. Of all the fractions obtained, NJBTF1 showed the highest bioactivity. All fractions contained galacturonic acid and variable amounts of neutral sugars. To probe further, the extent of glycosidic linkages in NJBTF1 was estimated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS), yielding a high galacturonic acid content (for pectin polysaccharide) and the presence of fructans—the first evidence of fructans (levan) in the mesocarp. Our understanding of the size and structural flexibility together with the high bioactivity suggests that the polysaccharide obtained from C. moschata has the potential to be developed into a therapeutic agent.

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32

Moore, C. L., B. R. Jenkins, A. L. Cowood, A. Nicholson, R. Muller, A. Wooldridge, W. Cook, et al. "Hydrogeological Landscapes framework: a biophysical approach to landscape characterisation and salinity hazard assessment." Soil Research 56, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16183.

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In Australia, salinity has the potential to affect up to 17million hectares of agricultural and pastoral land. For many degraded sites, biophysical hazards are often poorly understood and consequently poorly managed. Attempts to remediate areas affected by salinity have met with varying degrees of success. The New South Wales (NSW) Office of Environment and Heritage, NSW Department of Primary Industries, University of Canberra and Geoscience Australia have collaborated to develop a biophysical expert-based approach for the assessment and management of salinity within landscapes. The Hydrogeological Landscape (HGL) framework provides a structure for understanding how salinity manifests in the landscape, how differences in salinity are expressed across the landscape and how salinity may best be managed. The HGL framework merges the flow dynamics of the groundwater flow system with the landscape elements of the soil landscape or regolith landform approaches. This is the first approach to specifically address all three manifestations of salinity: land salinity, in-stream salt load and in-stream salt concentration. The HGL framework methodology recognises the interplay between surface and subsurface flow systems, as well as the capacity for water to interact with salt stores in the landscape, and identifies biophysical landscape characteristics (e.g. amount and type of vegetation cover, typical land use practice) that affect these interactions. The HGL framework is an expert system that integrates the spatial variability of landscape characteristics and salinity processes to produce a salinity hazard assessment for any given area.

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33

Hooda, Preeti, Mohd Ishtikhar, Shweta Saraswat, Pooja Bhatia, Deepali Mishra, Aditya Trivedi, Rajkumar Kulandaisamy, et al. "Biochemical and Biophysical Characterisation of the Hepatitis E Virus Guanine-7-Methyltransferase." Molecules 27, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051505.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an understudied pathogen that causes infection through fecal contaminated drinking water and is prominently found in South Asian countries. The virus affects ~20 million people annually, leading to ~60,000 infections per year. The positive-stranded RNA genome of the HEV genotype 1 has four conserved open reading frames (ORFs), of which ORF1 encodes a polyprotein of 180 kDa in size, which is processed into four non-structural enzymes: methyltransferase (MTase), papain-like cysteine protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and RNA helicase. MTase is known to methylate guanosine triphosphate at the 5′-end of viral RNA, thereby preventing its degradation by host nucleases. In the present study, we cloned, expressed, and purified MTase spanning 33–353 amino acids of HEV genotype 1. The activity of the purified enzyme and the conformational changes were established through biochemical and biophysical studies. The binding affinity of MTase with magnesium ions (Mg2+) was studied by isothermal calorimetry (ITC), microscale thermophoresis (MST), far-UV CD analysis and, fluorescence quenching. In summary, a short stretch of nucleotides has been cloned, coding for the HEV MTase of 37 kDa, which binds Mg2+ and modulate its activity. The chelation of magnesium reversed the changes, confirming its role in enzyme activity.

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34

Hasnain, S. Samar, and Soichi Wakatsuki. "Advances in biophysical methods: characterisation and visualization of molecules, cells and organism." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 20, no. 5 (October 2010): 584–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2010.09.004.

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35

Miller, Helen L., Sonia Contera, Adam J. M. Wollman, Adam Hirst, Katherine E. Dunn, Sandra Schröter, Deborah O’Connell, and Mark C. Leake. "Biophysical characterisation of DNA origami nanostructures reveals inaccessibility to intercalation binding sites." Nanotechnology 31, no. 23 (March 20, 2020): 235605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab7a2b.

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36

Loch, Joanna I., Piotr Bonarek, Magdalena Tworzydło, Agnieszka Polit, Barbara Hawro, Aneta Łach, Eryk Ludwin, and Krzysztof Lewiński. "Engineered β-Lactoglobulin Produced in E. coli: Purification, Biophysical and Structural Characterisation." Molecular Biotechnology 58, no. 10 (July 5, 2016): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12033-016-9960-z.

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37

Mbaye, Tamsir, Ababacar Ndiaye, Marième Fall Ba, Dioumacor Fall, and Daouda Ngom. "Biophysical Characterisation of Baobab Parks in Middle and Upper Casamance in Southern Senegal." American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 9, no. 6 (2021): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.11.

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38

Flores, Janine, Ruvini Kariawasam, Adrian Gimenez, Stephanie Helder, Liza Cubeddu, Roland Gamsjaeger, and Sandro Ataide. "Biophysical Characterisation and Quantification of Nucleic Acid-Protein Interactions: EMSA, MST and SPR." Current Protein & Peptide Science 16, no. 8 (August 28, 2015): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203716666150505230806.

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39

Zimmermann, D., U. Terpitz, A. Zhou, R. Reuss, K. Müller, V. L. Sukhorukov, P. Geßner, G. Nagel, U. Zimmermann, and E. Bamberg. "Biophysical characterisation of electrofused giant HEK293-cells as a novel electrophysiological expression system." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 348, no. 2 (September 2006): 673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.112.

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40

Nikoopour, Roksana, Martin Rees, Mark Pfuhl, Ana Ferreiro, Perry Elliott, and Mathias Gautel. "Structural and biophysical characterisation of titin missense variants in genetic myopathies and cardiomyopathies." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 74, a2 (August 22, 2018): e424-e424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273318088812.

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41

Kim, Young Pil, Kwon Joo Yeo, Young-Chang Kim, and Young Ho Jeon. "Biophysical characterisation of the Chlamydia pneumoniae integral membrane protein IncC in detergent micelles." Process Biochemistry 46, no. 6 (June 2011): 1278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2011.02.017.

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42

Zakariya, Syed Mohammad, Aiman Zehra, and Rizwan Hasan Khan. "Biophysical Insight into Protein Folding, Aggregate Formation and its Inhibition Strategies." Protein & Peptide Letters 29, no. 1 (January 2022): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866528666211125114421.

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: The failure of protein to correctly fold into its functional and unique three dimensional form leads to misfolded or partially folded protein. When these rogue proteins and polypeptides escape the quality control mechanism within the body, they result in aberrant aggregation of proteins into characteristic amyloid fibrils. This is the main cause for the number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases. This review aims to summarise the underlying mechanisms of protein folding, misfolding and aggregation. It also highlights the recent technologies for the structural characterisation and detection of amyloid fibrils in addition to the various factors responsible for the aggregate formation and the strategies to combat the aggregation process. Besides, the journey from origin to the current scenario of protein aggregation is also concisely discussed.

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Tanner, John, Evelyne Deplazes, and Ricardo Mancera. "The Biological and Biophysical Properties of the Spider Peptide Gomesin." Molecules 23, no. 7 (July 16, 2018): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071733.

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This review summarises the current knowledge of Gomesin (Gm), an 18-residue long, cationic anti-microbial peptide originally isolated from the haemocytes of the Brazilian tarantula Acanthoscurria gomesiana. The peptide shows potent cytotoxic activity against clinically relevant microbes including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In addition, Gm shows in-vitro and in-vivo anti-cancer activities against several human and murine cancers. The peptide exerts its cytotoxic activity by permeabilising cell membranes, but the underlying molecular mechanism of action is still unclear. Due to its potential as a therapeutic agent, the structure and membrane-binding properties, as well as the leakage and cytotoxic activities of Gm have been studied using a range of techniques. This review provides a summary of these studies, with a particular focus on biophysical characterisation studies of peptide variants that have attempted to establish a structure-activity relationship. Future studies are still needed to rationalise the binding affinity and cell-type-specific selectivity of Gm and its variants, while more pre-clinical studies are required to develop Gm into a therapeutically useful peptide.

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44

Gupta, Deepti, Sylvie Beaufils, Véronique Vie, Gilles Paboeuf, Bill Broadhurst, François Schweisguth, Tom L. Blundell, and Victor M. Bolanos-Garcia. "Crystal structure, biochemical and biophysical characterisation of NHR1 domain of E3 Ubiquitin ligase neutralized." Advances in Enzyme Research 01, no. 03 (2013): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aer.2013.13007.

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Villela Condessa, Manoel Augusto Klempovus, Arethusa Lobo Pimentel, Flávio Augusto Vicente Seixas, and Antonio Campanha Martinez. "Purification, structural and biophysical characterisation of the major seminal plasma protein from Texel rams." Animal Reproduction Science 189 (February 2018): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.10.013.

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Burgardt, Noelia I., Raúl G. Ferreyra, Lisandro Falomir-Lockhart, Betina Córsico, Mario R. Ermácora, and Marcelo Ceolín. "Biophysical characterisation and urea-induced unfolding of recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica sterol carrier protein-2." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics 1794, no. 8 (August 2009): 1115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.04.006.

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O'Mahony, Aoife M., Michael F. Cronin, Anthony Mcmahon, James C. Evans, Kathleen Daly, Raphael Darcy, and Caitriona M. O'Driscoll. "Biophysical and Structural Characterisation of Nucleic Acid Complexes with Modified Cyclodextrins Using Circular Dichroism." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 103, no. 5 (May 2014): 1346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.23922.

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Reddy, Divya, Saikat Bhattacharya, Vinod Jani, Uddhavesh Sonavane, Rajendra Joshi, and Sanjay Gupta. "Biochemical and Biophysical Characterisation of Higher Oligomeric Structure of Rat Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1." Protein Journal 37, no. 1 (December 5, 2017): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10930-017-9751-9.

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Rojas, S., E. Quartapelle-Procopio, F. J. Carmona, M. A. Romero, J. A. R. Navarro, and E. Barea. "Biophysical characterisation, antitumor activity and MOF encapsulation of a half-sandwich ruthenium(ii) mitoxantronato system." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 17 (2014): 2473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tb21455a.

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Yeung, Wai Yin, N. Lowri Thomas, Saptarshi Mukherjee, Matthew V. Davies, F. Anthony Lai, Alan J. Williams, and Christopher H. George. "Biophysical and Cellular Characterisation of Alternatively Spliced Isoforms of the Human Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (RyR2)." Biophysical Journal 98, no. 3 (January 2010): 298a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.1623.

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