Journal articles: 'Bionanocompositi'

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Modi, Vaibhav, and Antti J. Karttunen. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations on the Elastic Properties of Polypropylene Bionanocomposite Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofibrils." Nanomaterials 12, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 3379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12193379.

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Cellulose-reinforced polypropylene bionanocomposites can show improved elastic properties over their pure polypropylene counterparts. We have used equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the elastic properties of polypropylene bionanocomposite systems composed of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), polypropylene (PP) matrix, and maleic anhydride (MAH) coupling agent. The components of the bionanocomposite were parametrized for compatibility with the AMBER14SB force fields. The elastic properties of pure PP systems converge for the chains with at least 20 monomers. The ratio of cellulose in CNF-PP bionanocomposites strongly affects their elastic properties. The elastic modulus of CNF-PP bionanocomposites shows small improvement when the adhesion between hydrophobic and hydrophilic components is facilitated by a MAH coupling agent. The results demonstrate how fully-atomistic MD simulations can be systematically used to evaluate the elastic properties of CNF-PP bionanocomposites and to make predictions that are in agreement with experiments.

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Zakuwan, Siti, and Ishak Ahmad. "Synergistic Effect of Hybridized Cellulose Nanocrystals and Organically Modified Montmorillonite on κ-Carrageenan Bionanocomposites." Nanomaterials 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8110874.

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The synergistic effect of using κ-carrageenan bionanocomposites with the hybridization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) reinforcements was studied. The effects of different reinforcements and filler contents were evaluated through mechanical testing, and morphological and water uptake properties. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of both bionanocomposites increased with filler loading and optimized at 4%. OMMT incorporation into the κ-carrageenan/CNCs bionanocomposites resulted in further mechanical property improvement with an optimum ratio of 1:1 (CNCs:OMMT) while maintaining high film transparency. X-ray diffraction and morphological analyses revealed that intercalation occurred between the κ-carrageenan bionanocomposite matrix and OMMT. The water uptake of the κ-carrageenan bionanocomposites was significantly reduced by the addition of both CNCs and OMMT. The enhancements in the mechanical properties and performance of the hybrid bionanocomposite indicate compatibility among the reinforcement, biopolymer, and well-dispersed nanoparticles. This renders the hybrid CNC/OMMT/κ-carrageenan nanocomposites extremely promising for food packaging applications.

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Indarti, Eti, Arisa Sri Marlita, and Zaidiyah Zaidiyah. "SIFAT TRANSPARANSI DAN PERMEABILITAS FILM BIONANOKOMPOSIT POLYLACTIC ACID DAN POLYCAPROLACTONE DENGAN PENAMBAHAN NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE SEBAGAI PENGISI [Transparency and permeability properties of Bionanocomposite Film of Polylactic Acid and Polycaprolactone, and Nanocrystalline Cellulose as a Filler]." Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian 25, no. 2 (September 4, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtihp.v25i2.81-89.

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Production of Polylactic acid (PLA)/Polycaprolactone (PCL) bionanocomposite films with various ratios was done by adding nanocrystalline celullose (NCC) from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) as a filler. The aim of the research was to find out the effect of PLA/PCL ratio on film thickness, transparency of bionanocomposite films and water vapor permeability or WVP of the film bionanocomposite with addition of the 3% NCC. The PLA/PCL ratio are 1.0/0.0; 0.8/0.2; 0.6/0.4; 0.5/0.5; 0.4/0.6; 0.2/0.8; and 0.0/1.0, prepared with solvent casting method. Characterization of PLA/PCL bionanocomposites film performed was thickness, transparency test and water vapor permeability (WVP) test. The thickness of bionanocomposites film produced were around are about 0.036-0.053 mm, results show that the lower PLA/PCL ratio the thicker film obtained. The highest value of film transparency was obtained at a ratio of 1.0 / 0.0 (81.4% at a wavelength of 550 nm), the smaller the PLA / PCL ratio, the lower the value of transparency. The WVP value of PLA/PCL bionanocomposite films gives a lower value than the WVP value of pure PLA film and pure PCL film. The best WVP was obtained at a PLA/PCL ratio of 0.8/0.2 which was 1.49x10-16kg.m/(m2.s.Pa).

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Kassa, Amel, Aida Benhamida, Mustapha Kaci, and Stéphane Bruzaud. "Effects of montmorillonite, sepiolite, and halloysite clays on the morphology and properties of polycaprolactone bionanocomposites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 28, no. 5 (September 23, 2019): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119877040.

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The article reports some experimental data on the effects of three types of clay: organo-modified montmorillonite (cloisite 30B (C30B)), sepiolite (SP9), and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) on the morphology and physicomechanical properties of polycaprolactone (PCL)/clays bionanocomposites prepared by melt compounding. The clays were incorporated separately into the PCL matrix at a loading rate of 5.00 wt%, which corresponds to 2.91 ± 0.53, 2.42 ± 0.02, and 2.68 ± 0.13 vol% for C30B, SP9, and HNT, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed good dispersion of both C30B and SP9 in the polymer matrix, while the presence of a few HNT aggregates was observed on the fracture surface of the PCL bionanocomposite. Furthermore, the HNT aggregates were randomly dispersed. The results indicated an enhancement of the rheological and tensile properties of the PCL bionanocomposite samples filled with C30B and SP9 compared to those containing HNT. Indeed, it was shown an increase in Young’s modulus of PCL from 450 ± 16 MPa to 563 ± 42 MPa, 645 ± 68 MPa, and 502 ± 66 MPa for PCL bionanocomposites loaded with C30B, SP9, and HNT, respectively. On the other hand, the thermal stability of the whole PCL bionanocomposite samples was reduced being, however, more pronounced for those containing HNT. The decomposition temperature recorded at 5.00 wt% loss ( T 5%) indicated 384.7 ± 0.9 for neat PCL, while the PCL bionanocomposites filled with C30B, SP9, and HNT exhibited the values of 357.3 ± 0.5, 353.2 ± 0.9, and 368.4 ± 0.4, respectively.

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Shazleen, Siti Shazra, Fatimah Athiyah Sabaruddin, Yoshito Ando, and Hidayah Ariffin. "Optimization of Cellulose Nanofiber Loading and Processing Conditions during Melt Extrusion of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Bionanocomposites." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030671.

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This present study optimized the cellulose nanofiber (CNF) loading and melt processing conditions of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposite fabrication in twin screw extruder by using the response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered central composite design (CCD) was applied to statistically specify the important parameters, namely CNF loading (1–9 wt.%), rotational speed (20–60 rpm), and temperature (135–175 °C), on the mechanical properties of the P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposites. The developed model reveals that CNF loading and temperature were the dominating parameters that enhanced the mechanical properties of the P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites. The optimal CNF loading, rotational speed, and temperature for P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposite fabrication were 1.5 wt.%, 20 rpm, and 160 °C, respectively. The predicted tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus for these optimum conditions were 22.96 MPa, 33.91 MPa, and 1.02 GPa, respectively, with maximum desirability of 0.929. P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites exhibited improved tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus by 17, 6, and 20%, respectively, as compared to the neat P(HB-co-11% HHx). While the crystallinity of P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites increased by 17% under the optimal fabrication conditions, the thermal stability of the P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites was not significantly different from neat P(HB-co-11% HHx).

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Uddin, Md Nizam, Puttagounder S. Dhanasekaran, and Ramazan Asmatulu. "Mechanical properties of highly porous PEEK bionanocomposites incorporated with carbon and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for scaffold applications." Progress in Biomaterials 8, no. 3 (September 2019): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40204-019-00123-1.

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Abstract Bone regeneration is of great importance worldwide, because of various bone diseases, such as infections, tumors, and resultant fracture, birth defects, and bone loss due to trauma, explosion, or accident. Bone regeneration can be achieved by several materials and templates manufactured through various fabrication techniques. Uses of different materials and scaffold fabrication techniques have been explored over the past 20 years. In this research, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) was used to fabricate highly porous bionanocomposite foams for bone scaffolding. Melt casting and salt porogen (200–500 µm size) leaching methods were adapted to create an adequate pore size and the necessary percent of porosity, because pore size plays a vital role in cell implantation and growth. Porosity (75% and 85%) of the prepared scaffolds was adjusted by changing salt concentrations in the PEEK powder. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and carbon particles were used to improve cell attachments and interactions with the porous PEEK and to increase the mechanical properties of the scaffold materials. Carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were uniformly dispersed into the PEEK powder before melt casting to enhance the mechanical properties and to observe the influence of the carbon particles on the properties of PEEK bionanocomposite foam. Compression test results of the fabricated bionanocomposites showed that HA and carbon particles are the potential filler materials for the enhancement of bionanocomposite mechanical properties. About 186% enhancement of compression modulus and 43% enhancement of yield strength were observed while incorporating only 0.5 wt% of CNTs into PEEK/HA bionanocomposites having 75% porosity, compared to PEEK/HA 20 wt% bionanocomposites. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) test results reveal that pore size and interconnectivity of the nanocomposite foams are in order and within the designed sizes. Mechanical tests proved that PEEK bionanocomposite foam has the potential for use in bone scaffolding and other biomedical applications.

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Rizal, Samsul, E. M. Mistar, A. A. Oyekanmi, Abdul Khalil H.P.S., Tata Alfatah, N. G. Olaiya, and C. K. Abdullah. "Propionic Anhydride Modification of Cellulosic Kenaf Fibre Enhancement with Bionanocarbon in Nanobiocomposites." Molecules 26, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 4248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144248.

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The use of chemical modification of cellulosic fibre is applied in order to increase the hydrophobicity, hence improving the compatibility between the fibre and matrix bonding. In this study, the effect of propionic anhydride modification of kenaf fibre was investigated to determine the role of bionanocarbon from oil palm shell agricultural wastes in the improvement of the functional properties of bionanocomposites. The vinyl esters reinforced with unmodified and propionic anhydride modified kenaf fibres bio nanocomposites were prepared using 0, 1, 3, 5 wt% of bio-nanocarbon. Characterisation of the fabricated bionanocomposite was carried out using FESEM, TEM, FT-IR and TGA to investigate the morphological analysis, surface properties, functional and thermal analyses, respectively. Mechanical performance of bionanocomposites was evaluated according to standard methods. The chemical modification of cellulosic fibre with the incorporation of bionanocarbon in the matrix exhibited high enhancement of the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths, for approximately 63.91%, 49.61% and 54.82%, respectively. The morphological, structural and functional analyses revealed that better compatibility of the modified fibre–matrix interaction was achieved at 3% bionanocarbon loading, which indicated improved properties of the bionanocomposite. The nanocomposites exhibited high degradation temperature which signified good thermal stability properties. The improved properties of the bionanocomposite were attributed to the effect of the surface modification and bionanocarbon enhancement of the fibre–matrix networks.

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Râpă, Maria, Laura Mihaela Stefan, Traian Zaharescu, Ana-Maria Seciu, Anca Andreea Țurcanu, Ecaterina Matei, Andra Mihaela Predescu, Iulian Antoniac, and Cristian Predescu. "Development of Bionanocomposites Based on PLA, Collagen and AgNPs and Characterization of Their Stability and In Vitro Biocompatibility." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072265.

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Bionanocomposites including poly(lactic acid) (PLA), collagen, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared as biocompatible and stable films. Thermal properties of the PLA-based bionanocomposites indicated an increase in the crystallinity of PLA plasticized due to a small quantity of AgNPs. The results on the stability study indicate the promising contribution of the AgNPs on the durability of PLA-based bionanocomposites. In vitro biocompatibility conducted on the mouse fibroblast cell line NCTC, clone 929, using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed high values of cell viability (>80%) after cell cultivation in the presence of bionanocomposite formulations for 48 h, while the percentages of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released in the culture medium were reduced (<15%), indicating no damages of the cell membranes. In addition, cell cycle analysis assessed by flow cytometry indicated that all tested bionanocomposites did not affect cell proliferation and maintained the normal growth rate of cells. The obtained results recommend the potential use of PLA-based bionanocomposites for biomedical coatings.

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Debons, Nicolas, Kenta Matsumoto, Noriyuki Hirota, Thibaud Coradin, Toshiyuki Ikoma, and Carole Aimé. "Magnetic Field Alignment, a Perspective in the Engineering of Collagen-Silica Composite Biomaterials." Biomolecules 11, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11050749.

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Major progress in the field of regenerative medicine is expected from the design of artificial scaffolds that mimic both the structural and functional properties of the ECM. The bionanocomposites approach is particularly well fitted to meet this challenge as it can combine ECM-based matrices and colloidal carriers of biological cues that regulate cell behavior. Here we have prepared bionanocomposites under high magnetic field from tilapia fish scale collagen and multifunctional silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). We show that scaffolding cues (collagen), multiple display of signaling peptides (SiNPs) and control over the global structuration (magnetic field) can be combined into a unique bionanocomposite for the engineering of biomaterials with improved cell performances.

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Costa da Silva, Milena, Sara Verusca de Oliveira, and Edcleide Maria Araújo. "Structural and Thermomechanical Evaluation of Bionanocomposites Obtained from Biodegradable Polymers with a Organoclay." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.178.

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In this study bionanocomposites were prepared from biodegradable polymer matrices such as poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and PBAT/PLA blend commercially known as Ecovio®, with abundant smectite clays in Paraíba and modified (OMMT) with Praepagen quaternary ammonium salt. Systems with PLA and with the blends of PBAT/PLA were prepared with addition of bentonite clay at a concentration of 3wt.%. in a twin screw corrotational extruder. The systems containing PLA/OMMT and blend of PBAT/PLA/OMMT were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT). From the diffractograms of bionanocomposites PLA/OMMT and PBAT/PLA/ OMMT it was observed a probably microcomposite structure. It was also observed that the HDT of PBA/PLA/OMMT and the blend of PBAT/PLA bionanocomposites was lower in relation to pure PLA and its PLA/OMMT bionanocomposite.

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Alves, Zélia, Nuno M. Ferreira, Sónia Mendo, Paula Ferreira, and Cláudia Nunes. "Design of Alginate-Based Bionanocomposites with Electrical Conductivity for Active Food Packaging." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 9943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189943.

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Bionanocomposite materials have been designed as a promising route to enhance biopolymer properties, especially for food packaging application. The present study reports the preparation of bionanocomposite films of alginate with different loadings of pure reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or of mixed zinc oxide-rGO (ZnO-rGO) fillers by solvent casting. Sepiolite is used to make compatible rGO with the hydrophilic matrix. The addition of fillers to alginate matrix maintains the low water solubility promoted by the calcium chloride treatment, and, additionally, they demonstrate a weaker mechanical properties, and a slight increase in water vapor permeability and wettability. Due to the properties of ZnO-rGO, the alginate bionanocomposites show an increase of electrical conductivity with the increase of filler content. While the highest electrical conductivity (0.1 S/m) is achieved by the in-plane measurement, it is in the through-plane measurement the remarkable enhancement of almost 30 times greater than the alginate film. With 50% of ZnO-rGO filler, the bionanocomposites present the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The combination of electrical conductivity with bioactive properties makes these films promising not only to extend food shelf-life but also to allow packaged food sterilization at low temperature.

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Goloborodko, Ye, T. Ishchuk, T. Synel'nyk, and V. Konopelniuk. "Comparative analysis of therapeutic effects from introduction of Bionanocompomposite and fenugreek-based Orlistat on markers of endogenous intoxication in rats with experimental obesity." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Problems of Physiological Functions Regulation 21, no. 2 (2016): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616_6410.2016.21.23-27.

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It were studied the markers of endogenous intoxication in males rats under development of the obesity induced by consumption of high-calorie diet. The acticle presents comparative analysis of the therapeutic effects with introduction bionanocomposite and orlistat which basic on the indicators of endogenous intoxication. It was shown increase the level of middle-mass molecules and oligopeptides in serum rats with obesity during of the research and normalization of these indicators after introduction bionanocomposit animals with obesity.

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Muiz, Lisna Junaeni, Ariadne Lakshmidevi Juwono, and Yuni Krisyuningsih Krisnandi. "A review: Silver–zinc oxide nanoparticles – organoclay-reinforced chitosan bionanocomposites for food packaging." Open Chemistry 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0224.

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Abstract Research on bionanocomposites has been developed, while its application as food packaging is still being explored. They are usually made from natural polymers such as cellulose acetate, chitosan (CS), and polyvinyl alcohol. Bionanocomposite materials can replace traditional non-biodegradable plastic packaging materials, enabling them to use new, high-performance, lightweight, and environmentally friendly composite materials. However, this natural polymer has a weakness in mechanical properties. Therefore, a composite system is needed that will improve the properties of the biodegradable food packaging. The aim of this mini-review is to demonstrate recent progress in the synthesis, modification, characterization, and application of bionanocomposites reported by previous researchers. The focus is on the preparation and characterization of CS-based bionanocomposites. The mechanical properties of CS-based food packaging can be improved by adding reinforcement from inorganic materials such as organoclay. Meanwhile, the anti-bacterial properties of CS-based food packaging can be improved by adding nanoparticles such as Ag and ZnO.

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Indarti, Eti, Rohaizu Roslan, Marwan Husin, and Wan Rosli Wan Daud. "Polylactic Acid Bionanocomposites Filled with Nanocrystalline Cellulose from TEMPO-Oxidized Oil Palm Lignocellulosic Biomass." BioResources 11, no. 4 (August 25, 2016): 8615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.4.8615-8626.

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Bionanocomposites from polylactic acid (PLA) filled with unmodified nanocrystalline cellulose from TEMPO-oxidized oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB-NCC) at various loading levels were fabricated using the solvent casting technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATF-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical analyses were used to characterize the bionanocomposite films. FTIR suggested that the incorporation of the OPEFB-NCC was based on physical interaction. The melting temperature did not change markedly except at higher OPEFB-NCC additions, while the crystallization temperature shifted to lower temperatures and crystallinity increased with increasing OPEFB-NCC content.The SEM of cryo-fractured films indicated a rather weak compatibility between the OPEFB-NCC and PLA, resulting in the decrease of both the modulus and the tensile strength of the bionanocomposite.

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Araújo, Rafael G., Natalia Rodríguez Zavala, Carlos Castillo-Zacarías, Mario E. Barocio, Enrique Hidalgo-Vázquez, Lizeth Parra-Arroyo, Jesús Alfredo Rodríguez-Hernández, et al. "Recent Advances in Prodigiosin as a Bioactive Compound in Nanocomposite Applications." Molecules 27, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 4982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154982.

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Bionanocomposites based on natural bioactive entities have gained importance due to their abundance; renewable and environmentally benign nature; and outstanding properties with applied perspective. Additionally, their formulation with biological molecules with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities has been produced nowadays. The present review details the state of the art and the importance of this pyrrolic compound produced by microorganisms, with interest towards Serratia marcescens, including production strategies at a laboratory level and scale-up to bioreactors. Promising results of its biological activity have been reported to date, and the advances and applications in bionanocomposites are the most recent strategy to potentiate and to obtain new carriers for the transport and controlled release of prodigiosin. Prodigiosin, a bioactive secondary metabolite, produced by Serratia marcescens, is an effective proapoptotic agent against bacterial and fungal strains as well as cancer cell lines. Furthermore, this molecule presents antioxidant activity, which makes it ideal for treating wounds and promoting the general improvement of the immune system. Likewise, some of the characteristics of prodigiosin, such as hydrophobicity, limit its use for medical and biotechnological applications; however, this can be overcome by using it as a component of a bionanocomposite. This review focuses on the chemistry and the structure of the bionanocomposites currently developed using biorenewable resources. Moreover, the work illuminates recent developments in pyrrole-based bionanocomposites, with special insight to its application in the medical area.

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Youssef, Benyoussif, Aboulhrouz Soumia, El Achaby Mounir, Cherkaoui Omar, Lallam Abdelaziz, El Bouchti Mehdi, and Zahouily Mohamed. "Preparation And Properties Of Bionanocomposite Films Reinforced With Nanocellulose Isolated From Moroccan Alfa Fibres." Autex Research Journal 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0011.

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AbstractNanocellulose (NC) were extracted from the Moroccan Alfa plant (Stipa tenacissima L.) and characterised. These Alfa cellulosic nanoparticles were used as reinforcing phase to prepare bionanocomposite films using carboxymethyl cellulose as matrix. These films were obtained by the casting/evaporation method. The crystallinity of NC was analysed by X-ray diffraction, the dimension of NC by atomic force microscopy, molecular interactions due to incorporation of NC in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) matrix were supported by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The properties of the ensuing bionanocomposite films were investigated using tensile tests, water vapour permeability (WVP) study and thermogravimetric analysis. With the progress of purification treatment of cellulose, the crystallinity is improved compared to the untreated fibres; this can be explained by the disappearance of the amorphous areas in cellulose chain of the plant. Consequently, the tensile modulus and tensile strength of CMC film increased by 60 and 47%, respectively, in the bionanocomposite films with 10 wt% of NC, and decrease by 8.6% for WVP with the same content of NC. The NC obtained from the Moroccan Alfa fibres can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bionanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials.

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Haque, Shafiul, Hani Faidah, Sami S. Ashgar, Turki S. Abujamel, Jawahir A. Mokhtar, Mohammed Saad Almuhayawi, Steve Harakeh, Rajeev Singh, Neha Srivastava, and Vijai Kumar Gupta. "Green Synthesis of Zn(OH)2/ZnO-Based Bionanocomposite using Pomegranate Peels and Its Application in the Degradation of Bacterial Biofilm." Nanomaterials 12, no. 19 (October 3, 2022): 3458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12193458.

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The ability and potency of bacterial species to form biofilms, which show antibiotic resistance thereby avoiding antibiotic surfaces, is a major cause of prolonged infections. Various advanced approaches have been employed to prevent or damage bacterial biofilms, formed by a variety of bacterial strains, to help prevent the associated infectious disease. In this context, zinc-based nanostructures have been recognized as a potential antibiotic agent against a broad spectrum of bacterial communities. As a result, a sustainable and green synthesis method was adapted in the present study to synthesize a Zn(OH)2/ZnO-based bionanocomposite, in which aqueous extracts of waste pomegranate peels (Punica granatum) were employed as a natural bioreducing agent to prepare the bionanocomposite at room temperature. Furthermore, FT-IR, XRD, DLS, UV-Visible, PL spectroscopy, FE-SEM, and TEM were used to characterize the green route synthesized a Zn(OH)2/ZnO bionanocomposite. The average crystallite size was determined using the Scherrer relation to be 38 nm, and the DLS results indicated that the Zn(OH)2/ZnO bionanocomposite had a hydrodynamic size of 170 nm. On the other hand, optical properties investigated through UV-Vis and PL spectroscopy explored the energy bandgap between 2.80 and 4.46 eV, corresponding to the three absorption edges, and it covered the blue spectrum when the sample was excited at 370 nm. Furthermore, the impact of this green route synthesized a Zn(OH)2/ZnO bionanocomposite on the biofilm degradation efficiency of the pathogenic bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis PF_1 using the Congored method was investigated. The Congored assay clearly explored the biofilm degradation efficiency in the presence of a 50 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL concentration of the Zn(OH)2/ZnO bionanocomposite against the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis PF_1 grown for 24 h. This study can be further applied to the preparation of bionanocomposites following a low-cost green synthesis approach, and thus prepared nanostructures can be exploited as advanced antimicrobial agents, which could be of great interest to prevent various infectious diseases.

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Shchipunov, Yury. "Bionanocomposites: Green sustainable materials for the near future." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 12 (October 22, 2012): 2579–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-12-05-04.

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Bionanocomposites are a novel class of nanosized materials. They contain the constituent of biological origin and particles with at least one dimension in the range of 1–100 nm. There are similarities with nanocomposites but also fundamental differences in the methods of preparation, properties, functionalities, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and applications. The article includes two parts. Bionanocomposite definition and classification along with nanoparticles, biomaterials, and methods of their preparation are initially reviewed. Then, novel approaches developed by our team are presented. The first approach concerns the preparation of bionanocomposites from chitosan and nanoparticles. It is based on the regulated charging of polysaccharide by the gradual shift of solution pH. When charges appear, the biomacromolecules come into the electrostatic interactions with negatively charged nanoparticles that cause the jellification of solutions. It is also applied to form films. They have a nacre-like structure from stacked planar nanoparticles separated by aligned biomacromolecules. The second approach deals with the biomimicking mineralization of biopolymers by using a novel silica precursor. Its advantage over the current sol-gel processing is in the compatibility and regulation of processes and structure of generated silica. Another example of the mineralization is presented by titania. Syntheses are performed in anhydrous ethylene glycol. Processes and structure of bionanocomposites are regulated by water that is added in an amount to only hydrate functional groups in the carbohydrate macromolecule.

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Ghanbarzadeh, Babak, Hadi Almasi, and Seyed Amir Oleyaei. "A Novel Modified Starch/Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Montmorillonite Bionanocomposite Film: Structural and Physical Properties." International Journal of Food Engineering 10, no. 1 (December 19, 2013): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2012-0197.

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Abstract A novel glycerol-plasticized and citric acid (CA)-modified starch/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/montmorillonite (MMT) bionanocomposite films were prepared from corn starch by casting, to study the effect of the 10% CA, 10% CMC and four different loadings of MMT on the properties of starch films. Atomic force microscopy surface analysis showed that starch/CMC/MMT films had the highest roughness. X-ray diffraction test showed that the clay nanolayers formed an intercalated structure in the bionanocomposites. However, completely exfoliated structure formed only in the pure starch/MMT nanocomposites (without CA and CMC). CA, CMC and MMT improved mechanical properties of starch films. MMT had the greatest effect on the mechanical properties. The MMT addition at content of 7% caused to increase in ultimate tensile strength by more than threefold in comparison to modified starch/CMC films. The water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by the addition of CA and CMC. When the MMT content of the starch films reached to 7%, the WVP decreased about 75% in comparison to the neat starch film. However, the hydrophilic character of bionanocomposites increased as the increasing of MMT content.

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Souza, Victor, João Pires, Érica Vieira, Isabel Coelhoso, Maria Duarte, and Ana Fernando. "Shelf Life Assessment of Fresh Poultry Meat Packaged in Novel Bionanocomposite of Chitosan/Montmorillonite Incorporated with Ginger Essential Oil." Coatings 8, no. 5 (May 5, 2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8050177.

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Active packaging incorporated with natural extracts is a promising technology to extend shelf life of perishable food. Therefore, this study aimed to produce a bionanocomposite based on chitosan reinforced with sodium montmorillonite (MMT) and incorporated with ginger essential oil (GEO). In vitro activity was assessed through migration assay and antimicrobial study against foodborne bacteria. Phenolic compounds were diffused within 48 h of contact, and retained some of their antioxidant activity. Films demonstrated antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria tested. The effect on the shelf life of fresh poultry meat was determined on samples wrapped in the biopolymers and stored under refrigeration for 15 days, through physicochemical and microbiological analyses. Compared to unwrapped poultry meat, samples wrapped in the bionanocomposites showed a reduction in microorganisms count of 1.2–2.6 log CFU/g, maintained color and pH values and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) index increased at a lower rate, extending fresh poultry meat shelf life. The incorporation of GEO enhanced the biopolymer activity, by reducing lipid oxidation and microbiological growth of the poultry meat. In contrast, reinforcement with MMT imprisoned the active compounds in the polymeric chain, hindering its activity. In conclusion, the bionanocomposites tested represent promising substitutes to commercial and unsustainable plastic films.

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Sharip, Nur Sharmila, Hidayah Ariffin, Yoshito Andou, Yuki Shirosaki, Ezyana Kamal Bahrin, Mohammad Jawaid, Paridah Md Tahir, and Nor Azowa Ibrahim. "Process Optimization of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Cellulose Nanofiber Bionanocomposites in Triple Screw Kneading Extruder by Response Surface Methodology." Molecules 25, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 4498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194498.

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Incorporation of nanocellulose could improve wear resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for an artificial joint application. Yet, the extremely high melt viscosity of the polymer may constrict the mixing, leading to fillers agglomeration and poor mechanical properties. This study optimized the processing condition of UHMWPE/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) bionanocomposite fabrication in triple screw kneading extruder by using response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of the process parameters—temperature (150–190 °C), rotational speed (30–60 rpm), and mixing time (30–45 min)—on mechanical properties of the bionanocomposites was investigated. Homogenous filler distribution, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis, was obtained through the optimal processing condition of 150 °C, 60 rpm, and 45 min. The UHMWPE/CNF bionanocomposites exhibited improved mechanical properties in terms of Young’s and flexural modulus by 11% and 19%, respectively, as compared to neat UHMWPE. An insignificant effect was observed when maleic anhydride-grafted-polyethylene (MAPE) was added as compatibilizer. The obtained results proved that homogenous compounding of high melt viscosity UHMWPE with CNF was feasible by optimizing the melt blending processing condition in triple screw kneading extruder, which resulted in improved stiffness, a contributing factor for wear resistance.

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Liu, Hui Ping, Gong Yong Zhan, Qi Zhi Dong, Yan An Lv, Jian Fang Wang, Cheng An Tao, and Zhi Hong Hu. "Glucose Biosensor Based on Pt Nanoparticles/Graphene Chitosan Bionanocomposites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.695.

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In this paper, we fabricated a bionanocomposite film of glucose oxidase/Pt nanoparticles/graphene-chitosan (GOD/PtNPs/GR-Chit) for glucose sensing. The hybrid bionanocomposites modified GCE were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry, and amperometric i-t curve. It was found that the PtNPs were uniformly deposited on the surface of GR-Chit hybrid film. The resultant PtNPs/GR-Chit/GCE exhibited a high electrochemical catalytic ability to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), due to the electrocatalytic synergy of GR and PtNPs. The redox behavior of the GOD/PtNPs/GR-Chit/GCE is a surface-controlled process. Finally, we obtained the amperometric response of the GOD/PtNPs/GR-Chit/GCE toward different concentration of glucose, and also achieved a sensitive glucose oxidase biosensor with a detection limit of 4.6μM glucose.

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Darder, Margarita, Jing He, Laurent Charlet, Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky, and Pilar Aranda. "Gentamicin-Montmorillonite Intercalation Compounds as an Active Component of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Bionanocomposite Films with Antimicrobial Properties." Clays and Clay Minerals 69, no. 5 (October 2021): 576–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42860-021-00156-3.

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AbstractThe present study introduces an overview of gentamicin-clay mineral systems for applications in biomedicine and then focuses on the development of a series of gentamicin/clay hybrid materials to be used as the bioactive phase of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) to produce bionanocomposite membranes possessing antimicrobial activity of interest in wound-dressing applications. Gentamicin (Gt) was adsorbed from aqueous solutions into a montmorillonite (Cloisite®-Na+) to produce intercalation compounds with tunable content of the antibiotic. The hybrids were characterized by CHN chemical analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, confirming the intercalation of Gt by an ion-exchange mechanism. The release of Gt from the hybrids was tested in water and in buffer solution to check their stability. Hybrids with various amounts of Gt were incorporated into a HPMC matrix at various loadings and processed as films by the casting method. The resulting Gt-clay/HPMC bionanocomposites were characterized by means of field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and were also evaluated for their water-adsorption and mechanical properties to confirm their suitability for wound-dressing applications. The antimicrobial activity of the bionanocomposite films was tested in vitro toward various microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumonia), showing a complete bacterial reduction even in films with small Gt contents.

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Micó-Vicent, Bàrbara, Marina Ramos, Francesca Luzi, Franco Dominici, Valentín Viqueira, Luigi Torre, Alfonso Jiménez, Debora Puglia, and María Carmen Garrigós. "Effect of Chlorophyll Hybrid Nanopigments from Broccoli Waste on Thermomechanical and Colour Behaviour of Polyester-Based Bionanocomposites." Polymers 12, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 2508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112508.

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Natural dyes obtained from agro-food waste can be considered promising substitutes of synthetic dyes to be used in several applications. With this aim, in the present work, we studied the use of chlorophyll dye (CD) extracted from broccoli waste to obtain hybrid nanopigments based on calcined hydrotalcite (HT) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclays. The synthesized chlorophyll hybrid nanopigments (CDNPs), optimized by using statistical designed experiments, were melt-extruded with a polyester-based matrix (INZEA) at 7 wt% loading. Mechanical, thermal, structural, morphological and colour properties of the obtained bionanocomposites were evaluated. The obtained results evidenced that the maximum CD adsorption into HT was obtained when adding 5 wt% of surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate) without using any biomordant and coupling agent, while the optimal conditions for MMT were achieved without adding any of the studied modifiers. In both cases, an improvement in CD thermal stability was observed by its incorporation in the nanoclays, able to protect chlorophyll degradation. The addition of MMT to INZEA resulted in large ΔE* values compared to HT incorporation, showing bionanocomposite green/yellow tones as a consequence of the CDNPs addition. The results obtained by XRD and TEM revealed a partially intercalated/exfoliated structure for INZEA-based bionanocomposites, due to the presence of an inorganic filler in the formulation of the commercial product, which was also confirmed by TGA analysis. CDNPs showed a reinforcement effect due to the presence of the hybrid nanopigments and up to 26% improvement in Young’s modulus compared to neat INZEA. Finally, the incorporation of CDNPs induced a decrease in thermal stability as well as limited effect in the melting/crystallization behaviour of the INZEA matrix. The obtained results showed the potential use of green natural dyes from broccoli wastes, adsorbed into nanoclays, for the development of naturally coloured bionanocomposites.

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Swaminathan, P. D., Md Nizam Uddin, P. Wooley, and Ramazan Asmatulu. "Fabrication and Biological Analysis of Highly Porous PEEK Bionanocomposites Incorporated with Carbon and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for Biological Applications." Molecules 25, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 3572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163572.

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Bone regeneration for replacing and repairing damaged and defective bones in the human body has attracted much attention over the last decade. In this research, highly porous polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/hydroxyapatite (HA) bionanocomposite scaffolds reinforced with carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were fabricated, and their structural, mechanical, and biological properties were studied in detail. Salt porogen (200–500 µm size) leaching methods were adapted to produce porous PEEK structures with controlled pore size and distribution, facilitating greater cellular infiltration and biological integration of PEEK composites within patient tissue. In biological tests, nanocomposites proved to be non-toxic and have very good cell viability. In addition, bone marrow cell growth was observed, and PEEK/HA biocomposites with carbon particles showed increased cell attachment over the neat PEEK/HA composites. In cell viability tests, bionanocomposites with 0.5 wt% CNTs established good attachment of cells on disks compared to neat PEEK/HA biocomposites. A similar performance was seen in culture tests of bone marrow cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts). The 0.5 wt% CF for osteoblasts and 1 wt% CNTs for osteoclasts showed higher cell attachment. The addition of carbon-based nanomaterials into PEEK/HA has been identified as an effective approach to improve cell attachment as well as mechanical and biological properties. With confirmed cell attachment and sustained viability and proliferation of the fabricated PEEK/HA/CNTs, CF bionanocomposites were confirmed to possess excellent biocompatibility and will have potential uses in bone scaffolding and other biomedical applications.

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Beltrán, Freddys R., Marina P. Arrieta, Gerald Gaspar, María U. de la Orden, and Joaquín Martínez Urreaga. "Effect of Iignocellulosic Nanoparticles Extracted from Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on the Structural, Thermal, Optical and Barrier Properties of Mechanically Recycled Poly(lactic acid)." Polymers 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 1690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081690.

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In this work, yerba mate nanoparticles (YMNs) were extracted from Ilex paraguairiencis yerba mate wastes and further used to improve the overall performance of mechanically recycled PLA (PLAR). Recycled PLA was obtained by melt reprocessing PLA subjected to an accelerated ageing process, which involved photochemical, thermal and hydrothermal ageing steps, as well as a final demanding washing step. YMNs (1 and 3 wt. %) were added to the PLAR during the melt reprocessing step and further processed into films. The main goal of the development of PLAR-YMNs bionanocomposites was to increase the barrier properties of recycled PLA, while showing good overall performance for food packaging applications. Thus, optical, structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties were evaluated. The incorporation of YMNs led to transparent greenish PLAR-based films with an effective blockage of harmful UV radiation. From the backbone FTIR stretching region (bands at 955 and 920 cm−1), it seems that YMNs favor the formation of crystalline domains acting as nucleating agents for PLAR. The morphological investigations revealed the good dispersion of YMNs in PLAR when they are used in the lowest amount of 1 wt. %, leading to bionanocomposites with improved mechanical performance. Although the addition of high hydrophilic YMNs increased the water vapor transmission, the addition of 1 wt. % of YMNs enhanced the oxygen barrier performance of the produced bionanocomposite films. These results show that the synergistic revalorization of post-consumer PLA and nanoparticles obtained from agri-food waste is a potential way for the production of promising packaging materials that meet with the principles of the circular economy.

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Montero, Belén, Maite Rico, Luis Barral, Rebeca Bouza, Joaquín López, Anja Schmidt, and Birgit Bittmann-Hennes. "Preparation and characterization of bionanocomposite films based on wheat starch and reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals." Cellulose 28, no. 12 (July 4, 2021): 7781–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04017-z.

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AbstractIn recent times, the attention of scientific community has been focusing on the replacement of petroleum-based polymers by others more environmentally friendly. In this sense, bionanocomposites based on glycerol-plasticized wheat starch and reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by a solvent-casting process to obtain environmentally friendly films. The plasticization process was proven to be complete in the conditions used and no residual crystallinity was observed in any case. The incorporation of CNCs leads to materials with increased rigidity (about 1000% increment in modulus) which is related to a good filler-matrix interaction and to the formation of a rigid crystalline network of cellulose. This fact allowed also to improve the moisture resistance and the barrier properties (in both, oxygen and water vapor as permeant) of the bionanocomposite films due to the formation of a tortuous path, which prevent the gas diffusion. Moreover, the thermal stability of films was not affected by the filler incorporation. These improvements in the properties make these films susceptible to be used in short-time applications in the food packaging industry.

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Souza, Victor Gomes Lauriano, João Ricardo Afonso Pires, Carolina Rodrigues, Patricia Freitas Rodrigues, Andréia Lopes, Rui Jorge Silva, Jorge Caldeira, et al. "Physical and Morphological Characterization of Chitosan/Montmorillonite Films Incorporated with Ginger Essential Oil." Coatings 9, no. 11 (October 26, 2019): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9110700.

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Novel bionanocomposite films of chitosan/montmorillonite (CS/MMT) activated with ginger essential oil (GEO) were produced and characterized in terms of their physical and morphological properties. The homogenization process led to a good interaction between the chitosan and the nanoparticles, however the exfoliation was diminished when GEO was incorporated. Film glass transition temperature did not statistically change with the incorporation of either MMT or GEO, however the value was slightly reduced, representing a relaxation in the polymer chain which corroborated with the mechanical and barrier properties results. Pristine chitosan films showed excellent barrier properties to oxygen with a permeability of 0.184 × 10−16 mol/m·s·Pa being reduced to half (0.098 × 10−16 mol/m·s·Pa) when MMT was incorporated. Although the incorporation of GEO increased the permeability values to 0.325 × 10−16 mol/m·s·Pa when 2% of GEO was integrated, this increment was smaller with both MMT and GEO (0.285 × 10−16 mol/m·s·Pa). Bionanocomposites also increased the UV light barrier. Thus, the produced bioplastics demonstrated their ability to retard oxidative processes due to their good barrier properties, corroborating previous results that have shown their potential in the preservation of foods with high unsaturated fat content.

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Moradi, Zahra. "Morphological and physical properties of kefiran-whey protein isolate bionanocomposite films reinforced with Al2O3 nanoparticles." Food Science and Technology International 26, no. 8 (May 1, 2020): 666–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013220921599.

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Considering environmental pollution caused by the non-biodegradable polymers used in food packaging, developing and enhancing the properties of biodegradable films seem to be necessary. For this aim, in the present study, kefiran-whey protein isolate bionanocomposite films were prepared and the impact of different concentrations (1, 3 and 5% w/w) of Al2O3 (alumina) nanoparticles on their physical, morphological, thermal and mechanical properties was studied. Based on the obtained results, an increase in the nanoparticles content led to a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the water vapor permeability, moisture absorption, moisture content, and water solubility. Scanning electron microscope images showed a homogeneous structure, confirming the good dispersion of alumina nanoparticles with smooth surface up to concentration of 3%. In addition, both thermal stability and mechanical properties of the films were improved by the increased concentrations of alumina. The results of X-ray diffraction indicated that the intensity of the crystalline peaks of film increased with the addition of Al2O3 to kefiran-whey protein isolate matrix. By considering all results, the concentration of 3% was proposed as the appropriate concentration of Al2O3 for the nano-reinforcement of kefiran-whey protein isolate bionanocomposites.

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Amina, Musarat, Nawal M. Al Musayeib, Nawal A. Alarfaj, Maha F. El-Tohamy, Gadah A. Al-Hamoud, and Hanan M. Al-yousef. "Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Potential of Biogenic Functionalized Polymeric Nutmeg Oil/Polyurethane/ZnO Bionanocomposite." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 12 (December 19, 2021): 2197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122197.

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The current study is focused on the biosynthesis of nutmeg oil/ polyurethane/ZnONPs bionanocomposite film for immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. The fabricated film was prepared by using naturally extracted nutmeg oil functionalized with ZnONPs in the presence of polyutherane (PU) medium. The bionanocomposite film was obtained by incorporating dropwise 10 % (w/v) of nutmeg oil to the PU solution/ZnONPs blend. The active constituents of nutmeg oil were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The morphological characteristics of the resulting bionanocomposite film were confirmed using various microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Immunomodulatory potential of bionanocomposite was evaluated for RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results exhibited an excellent reduction in inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα) secretions after the treatment with bionanocomposite. The bionanocomposite exerted the highest inhibitory effects on certain cell signaling constituents that influence the initiation of expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The bionanocomposite was also tested for DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging assays and showed excellent antioxidant potential with IC50 values (0.28 ± 0.22 and 0.49 ± 0.36), respectively. The outcomes suggested promising immunomodulatory and antioxidant potentials for the biogenic synthesized nutmeg oil/PU/ZnONPs polymeric bionanocomposite.

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Amina, Musarat, Nawal M. Al Musayeib, Nawal A. Alarfaj, Maha F. El-Tohamy, and Gadah A. Al-Hamoud. "Antibacterial and Anticancer Potentials of Presynthesized Photosensitive Plectranthus cylindraceus Oil/TiO2/Polyethylene Glycol Polymeric Bionanocomposite." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2021 (October 31, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5562206.

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The present study is concerned with the fabrication of the bifunctional Plectranthus cylindraceus oil/TiO2/polyethylene glycol polymeric film for antibacterial and anticancer activities. The suggested film is based on the utility of naturally extracted P. cylindraceus oil in the formation of the polymeric bionanocomposite film decorated with TiO2 nanoparticles. The bionanocomposite film was fabricated by incorporating 15 w% of P. cylindraceus oil with 10 w% polyethylene glycol and 5 w% TiO2 nanoparticles. The active components of P. cylindraceus oil were verified using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The surface morphology of the resulted bionanocomposite film was characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The antibacterial potential of the fabricated bionanocomposite film was investigated against four pathogenic strains. The obtained results revealed excellent sensitivity against the bacterial strains, particularly E. coli and S. aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentration 320 µg mL−1 and minimum bactericidal concentration 640 and 1280 µg mL−1 for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Polymeric bionanocomposite exerted significant cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 42.7 ± 0.25 μg mL−1. Safety assessment test against peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) demonstrated that the bionanocomposite is nontoxic in nature. Bionanocomposite also showed potent photocatalytic effects. Overall, the results concluded that the bionanocomposite has expressed scope for multifaceted biomedical applications.

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Alarfaj, Nawal A., Musarat Amina, Nawal M. Al Musayeib, Maha F. El-Tohamy, and Gadah A. Al-Hamoud. "Immunomodulatory and Antiprotozoal Potential of Fabricated Sesamum radiatum Oil/Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Au Polymeric Bionanocomposite Film." Polymers 13, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 4321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244321.

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A unique morphological Sesamum radiatum oil/polyvinylpyrrolidone/gold polymeric bionanocomposite film was synthesized using the S. radiatum oil dispersed in a polymeric polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) matrix and decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The chemical and physical characteristics as well as the thermal stability of the synthesized bionanocomposite film were investigated using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The microscopic analysis confirmed well dispersed AuNPs in the PVP- S. radiatum oil matrix with particle size of 100 nm. Immunomodulatory and antiprotozoal potentials of the suggested bionanocomposite film were evaluated for lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglia and against L. amazonensis, L. mexicana promastigotes and T. cruzi epimastigotes, respectively. The results exerted outstanding reduction of inflammatory cytokines’ (IL-6 and TNFα) secretions after pretreatment of bionanocomposite. The bionanocomposite exhibited large inhibitory effects on certain cell signaling components that are related to the activation of expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, AuNPs and bionanocomposite exhibited excellent growth inhibition of L. mexicana and L. amazonensis promastigotes with IC50 (1.71 ± 1.49, 1.68 ± 0.75) and (1.12 ± 1.10, 1.42 ± 0.69), respectively. However, the nanomaterials showed moderate activity towards T. cruzi. All outcomes indicated promising immunomodulatory, antiprotozoal, and photocatalytic potentials for the synthesized S. radiatum oil/PVP/Au polymeric bionanocomposite.

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Safaei, Mohsen, Hedaiat Moradpoor, Mohammad Salmani Mobarakeh, and Nima Fallahnia. "Optimization of Antibacterial, Structures, and Thermal Properties of Alginate-ZrO2 Bionanocomposite by the Taguchi Method." Journal of Nanotechnology 2022 (December 13, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7406168.

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Developing novel antibacterial chemicals is constantly necessary since bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an inevitable occurrence. This research aimed to find the ideal conditions for using antibacterial zirconia (ZrO2) NPs with polymer alginate nanocomposites. Using the Taguchi method, alginate biopolymer, zirconia NPs, and stirring time were utilized to construct nine nanocomposites. Analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the development of nanocomposites with appropriate structural properties. Antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm was the highest when the nanocomposite was formed under the circumstances of experiment 6 (zirconia 8 mg/ml, alginate 70 mg/ml, and 40 min stirring time). Alginate/zirconia bionanocomposites generated using the in situ technique proved efficient against S. mutans. Nanoparticles have a high surface-to-volume ratio and surface energy, which can cause them to agglomerate and make their antimicrobial effectiveness problematic. Using zirconia nanoparticles in an alginate polymer matrix in the form of nanocomposite can increase the stability of nanoparticles. Due to the advantageous antibacterial qualities of this bionanocomposite, it can be utilized in various medical materials and dental appliances.

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Liu, Jichao, Nur Arifah Ismail, Mahani Yusoff, and Mohd Hasmizam Razali. "Physicochemical Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Gellan Gum Incorporating Zinc Oxide/Carbon Nanotubes Bionanocomposite Film for Wound Healing." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2022 (August 28, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3158404.

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Wound healing dressing based on a natural polymer of gellan gum incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles and multiwall carbon nanotubes (GG/ZnONP + MWCNT) bionanocomposite film was fabricated via the solution casting method. The physicochemical properties of the film were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the antibacterial properties of the bionanocomposite film were investigated for wound healing applications. The characterization results confirmed the reinforcement of the gellan gum (GG) matrix with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), as an amorphous GG/ZnONP + MWCNT bionanocomposite film was obtained. SEM morphological analysis shows that the addition of ZnONP and MWCNT nanofillers changed the film microstructure into a sponge-like structure that is more suitable for fluid uptake and thus more useful for wound healing. The GG/ZnONP + MWCNT bionanocomposite film demonstrated good antibacterial activity against all strains tested. Furthermore, macroscopic analysis shows that the wound treated with GG/ZnONP + MWCNT bionanocomposite film recovered completely (100%) in 14 days, compared to pure GG film (90.76%) and negative control (77.40%). As a result, the GG/ZnONP + MWCNT bionanocomposite film could be a promising wound dressing material.

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Kim, Insoo, Karthika Viswanathan, Gopinath Kasi, Kambiz Sadeghi, Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee, and Jongchul Seo. "Poly(Lactic Acid)/ZnO Bionanocomposite Films with Positively Charged ZnO as Potential Antimicrobial Food Packaging Materials." Polymers 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2019): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091427.

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A series of PLA/ZnO bionanocomposite films were prepared by introducing positively surface charged zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) into biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by the solvent casting method, and their physical properties and antibacterial activities were evaluated. The physical properties and antibacterial efficiencies of the bionanocomposite films were strongly dependent on the ZnO NPs content. The bionanocomposite films with over 3% ZnO NPs exhibited a rough surface, poor dispersion, hard agglomerates, and voids, leading to a reduction in the crystallinity and morphological defects. With the increasing ZnO NPs content, the thermal stability and barrier properties of the PLA/ZnO bionanocomposite films were decreased while their hydrophobicity increased. The bionanocomposite films showed appreciable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Especially, the films with over 3% of ZnO NPs exhibited a complete growth inhibition of E. coli. The strong interactions between the positively charged surface ZnO NPs and negatively charged surface of the bacterial membrane led to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and eventually bacterial cell death. Consequently, these PLA/ZnO bionanocomposite films can potentially be used as a food packaging material with excellent UV protective and antibacterial properties.

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Faba, Simón, Marina P. Arrieta, Ángel Agüero, Alejandra Torres, Julio Romero, Adrián Rojas, and María José Galotto. "Processing Compostable PLA/Organoclay Bionanocomposite Foams by Supercritical CO2 Foaming for Sustainable Food Packaging." Polymers 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 4394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204394.

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This article proposes a foaming method using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to obtain compostable bionanocomposite foams based on PLA and organoclay (C30B) where this bionanocomposite was fabricated by a previous hot melt extrusion step. Neat PLA films and PLA/C30B films (1, 2, and 3 wt.%) were obtained by using a melt extrusion process followed by a film forming process obtaining films with thicknesses between 500 and 600 μm. Films were further processed into foams in a high-pressure cell with scCO2 under constant conditions of pressure (25 MPa) and temperature (130 °C) for 30 min. Bionanocomposite PLA foams evidenced a closed cell and uniform cell structure; however, neat PLA presented a poor cell structure and thick cell walls. The thermal stability was significantly enhanced in the bionanocomposite foam samples by the good dispersion of nanoclays due to scCO2, as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The bionanocomposite foams showed improved overall mechanical performance due to well-dispersed nanoclays promoting increased interfacial adhesion with the polymeric matrix. The water uptake behavior of bionanocomposite foams showed that they practically did not absorb water during the first week of immersion in water. Finally, PLA foams were disintegrated under standard composting conditions at higher rates than PLA films, showing their sustainable character. Thus, PLA bionanocomposite foams obtained by batch supercritical foaming seem to be a sustainable option to replace non-biodegradable expanded polystyrene, and they represent a promising alternative to be considered in applications such as food packaging and other products.

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Hari, Karina Dyasti, Coralia V. Garcia, Gye-Hwa Shin, and Jun-Tae Kim. "Improvement of the UV Barrier and Antibacterial Properties of Crosslinked Pectin/Zinc Oxide Bionanocomposite Films." Polymers 13, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152403.

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Pectin-based antibacterial bionanocomposite films were prepared by crosslinking with calcium chloride (CaCl2) and mixing with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) at various concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% w/w, based on pectin). Crosslinking with 1% CaCl2 significantly (p < 0.05) improved the tensile strength of the pectin films, although their elongation at break was decreased. The UV-light barrier property of the pectin/ZnO bionanocomposite films was significantly (p < 0.05) improved with increasing ZnO-NP concentrations. In addition, the bionanocomposite films incorporating 1.5% ZnO-NPs showed excellent antibacterial effects against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, inhibiting over 99% of the bacteria. Therefore, the developed crosslinked pectin/ZnO bionanocomposite films show great potential as active packaging materials with excellent UV-blocking and antibacterial properties.

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Amina, Musarat, Nawal M. Al Musayeib, Nawal A. Alarfaj, Maha F. El-Tohamy, Hisham E. Orabi, Sarah I. Bukhari, and Amany Z. Mahmoud. "Exploiting the Potential of Moringa oleifera Oil/Polyvinyl Chloride Polymeric Bionanocomposite Film Enriched with Silver Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Activity." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (June 17, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5678149.

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The present study focused on the prospect of fabricating a polymeric naturally extracted Moringa oleifera oil bionanocomposite film enriched with silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial activity. In this study, a standard concentration of Moringa oleifera oil (5-10 wt%) was used to fabricate a polymeric bionanocomposite film using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) enriched with silver nanoparticles. The active constituents of the extracted Moringa oleifera oil were verified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, were employed to characterize and study the surface morphology of the fabricated bionanocomposite film. The antimicrobial activity of the fabricated bionanocomposite film was investigated using different strains of bacteria and fungus. The results revealed well-oriented and excellently dispersed silver nanoparticles in the PVC-Moringa oleifera oil matrix. The bionanocomposite was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, and Candida albicans. The combination of nanoparticles with polymers is opening new routes for engineering fixable composites, which showed antimicrobial properties.

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Saruchi, Manpreet Kaur, Vaneet Kumar, Ayman A. Ghfar, and Sadanand Pandey. "A Green Approach for the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle-Embedded Chitosan Bionanocomposite as a Potential Device for the Sustained Release of the Itraconazole Drug and Its Antibacterial Characteristics." Polymers 14, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091911.

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The present research work intended to demonstrate the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the plant extract Saccharum officinarum, and then the development of chitosan–silver (CH-Ag) bionanocomposite. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The maximum absorption spectrum peak was observed at 420 nm, revealing the formation of AgNPs by the stem extract of S. officinarum. The AgNPs sizes were in the range of 10–50 nm. Itraconazole is an antifungal that is used as a novel drug to study its release through synthesized bionanocomposite. Different kinetic models, such as zero order, first order, Korsmeyer–Peppas, Hixson–Crowell and Higuchi, were used to study the drug release profile from the synthesized CH-Ag bionanocomposite. The first-order kinetic model showed the best fit for the drug release with the maximum regression coefficient value. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized CH-Ag bionanocomposite was examined against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus, and Escherichia coli, and it was shown to be efficient against these strains.

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Goloborodko, Ie, V. Konopelniuk, and L. Ostapchenko. "State of hyperglycemic animals during consumption of high-calorie diet with the bionanocomposite supplement." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Problems of Physiological Functions Regulation 22, no. 1 (2017): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616_6410.2017.22.43-46.

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Glucose level and glucose tolerance test in blood of rats under conditions of obesity induced by consumption of high-calorie diet have been determined. It was also researched these indicators in the blood of animals that consumpt high-calorie diet with added bionanocomposite. These data suggest bionanocomposite preventive effect on the development of key indicators prediabetes.

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Agbakoba, Victor Chike, Percy Hlangothi, Jerome Andrew, and Maya Jacob John. "Mechanical and Shape Memory Properties of 3D-Printed Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC)-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Bionanocomposites for Potential 4D Applications." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 12759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912759.

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There is a growing need for diversified material feedstock for 3D printing technologies such as fused deposition modelling (FDM) techniques. This has resulted in an increased drive in the research and development of eco-friendly biopolymer-based composites with wide applications. At present, bionanocomposites of polylactic acid (PLA), biopolymer, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) offer promising technical qualities suitable for FDM 3D printing applications due to their biodegradability and wide-ranging applications. In this work, the applicability of the PLA/CNCs bionanocomposites in 4D applications was investigated by studying its shape-recovery behaviour. Tensile and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to elucidate the mechanical and flexural properties of the 3D-printed specimens. The results revealed improvement in the deflection temperature under load (DTUL), creep deformation, and recovery of the PLA/CNCs bionanocomposites. Tensile and static 3-point bending analyses of the bionanocomposites revealed improved tensile strength and modulus of the 3D printed parts. The potential 4D application of the PLA/CNCs bionanocomposites was also investigated by successfully printing PLA/CNC bionanocomposites directly onto a nylon fabric. The PLA/CNCs-fabric prototype included a foldable cube and grid-patterned designs. Additionally, the heat-induced shape memory behaviour of these prototypes was demonstrated.

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Mohanty, Debi Prasanna. "Cassava starch bionanocomposites for control drug release." Journal of Advance Nanobiotechnology 2, no. 5 (October 30, 2018): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.28921/jan.2018.02.29.

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Syafiq, Razali Mohamad Omar, Salit Mohd Sapuan, Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Zuhri, Siti Hajar Othman, and Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas. "Effect of plasticizers on the properties of sugar palm nanocellulose/cinnamon essential oil reinforced starch bionanocomposite films." Nanotechnology Reviews 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0028.

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Abstract This work examines the effects of plasticizer type and concentration on mechanical, physical, and antibacterial characteristics of sugar palm nanocellulose/sugar palm starch (SPS)/cinnamon essential oil bionanocomposite films. In this research, the preparation of SPS films were conducted using glycerol (G), sorbitol (S), and their blend (GS) as plasticizers at ratios of 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 wt%. The bionanocomposite films were developed by the solution casting method. Plasticizer Plasticizers were added to the SPS film-forming solutions to help overcome the fragile and brittle nature of the unplasticized SPS films. Increasing plasticizer contents resulted in an increase in film thickness and moisture contents. On the contrary, the increase in plasticizer concentrations resulted in the decrease of the densities of the plasticized films. The increase in the plasticizer content from 1.5 to 4.5% revealed less influence towards the moisture content of S-plasticised films. For glycerol and glycerol-sorbitol plasticized (G and GS) films, higher moisture content was observed compared to S-plasticised films. Various plasticizer types did not significantly modify the antibacterial activity of bionanocomposite films. The findings of this study showed significant improvement in the properties of bionanocomposite films with different types and concentrations of plasticizers and their potential for food packaging applications was enhanced.

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Lee, Jung-Hwan, Hae-Won Kim, and Seog-Jin Seo. "Polymer-Ceramic Bionanocomposites for Dental Application." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3795976.

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Multiphasic bionanocomposites have been highlighted in the biotechnology field since they have offered mechanical flexibility during operation. This interest has been increased mainly through polymer/ceramic/metal manipulation techniques and modifications in formulation. Recently, a number of studies on bionanocomposites have been examined due to their favorable mechanical properties and cellular activities when compared to the neat polymers or polymer blends. This paper critically reviews recent applications of bionanocomposites for regeneration of pulp-dentin complex, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, and substitute of enamel in dentistry.

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Woehl, Marco Aurelio, Lucy Ono, Izabel Cristina Riegel Vidotti, Fernando Wypych, Wido Herwig Schreiner, and Maria Rita Sierakowski. "Bioactive nanocomposites of bacterial cellulose and natural hydrocolloids." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 40 (2014): 7034–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb00706a.

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Bacterial cellulose–natural hydrocolloid bionanocomposites were developed as cell growth substrates. The surface free energy of the composites is related to fibroblast viability. Surface properties of the bionanocomposites can be adjusted purely by changing the component proportions.

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Charoensri, Korakot, Chatchai Rodwihok, Duangmanee Wongratanaphisan, Jung A. Ko, Jin Suk Chung, and Hyun Jin Park. "Investigation of Functionalized Surface Charges of Thermoplastic Starch/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Films Using Polyaniline: The Potential of Improved Antibacterial Properties." Polymers 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030425.

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Improving the antibacterial activity of biodegradable materials is crucial for combatting widespread drug-resistant bacteria and plastic pollutants. In this work, we studied polyaniline (PANI)-functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to improve surface charges. A PANI-functionalized ZnO NP surface was prepared using a simple impregnation technique. The PANI functionalization of ZnO successfully increased the positive surface charge of the ZnO NPs. In addition, PANI-functionalized ZnO improved mechanical properties and thermal stability. Besides those properties, the water permeability of the bionanocomposite films was decreased due to their increased hydrophobicity. PANI-functionalized ZnO NPs were applied to thermoplastic starch (TPS) films for physical properties and antibacterial studies using Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The PANI-functionalized ZnO bionanocomposite films exhibited excellent antibacterial activity for both E. coli (76%) and S. aureus (72%). This result suggests that PANI-functionalized ZnO NPs can improve the antibacterial activity of TPS-based bionanocomposite films.

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Mousa, Mohanad, and Yu Dong. "The Role of Nanoparticle Shapes and Structures in Material Characterisation of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Bionanocomposite Films." Polymers 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2020): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020264.

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Three different types of nanoparticles, 1D Cloisite 30B clay nanoplatelets, 2D halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), and 3D nanobamboo charcoals (NBCs) were employed to investigate the impact of nanoparticle shapes and structures on the material performance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) bionanocomposite films in terms of their mechanical and thermal properties, morphological structures, and nanomechanical behaviour. The overall results revealed the superior reinforcement efficiency of NBCs to Cloisite 30B clays and HNTs, owing to their typical porous structures to actively interact with PVA matrices in the combined formation of strong mechanical and hydrogen bondings. Three-dimensional NBCs also achieved better nanoparticle dispersibility when compared with 1D Cloisite 30B clays and 2D HNTs along with higher thermal stability, which was attributed to their larger interfacial regions when characterised for the nanomechanical behaviour of corresponding bionanocomposite films. Our study offers an insightful guidance to the appropriate selection of nanoparticles as effective reinforcements and the further sophisticated design of bionanocomposite materials.

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Ekrami, Mohammad, Ali Ekrami, Mohammad Ali Hosseini, and Zahra Emam-Djomeh. "Characterization and Optimization of Salep Mucilage Bionanocomposite Films Containing Allium jesdianum Boiss. Nanoliposomes for Antibacterial Food Packaging Utilization." Molecules 27, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 7032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207032.

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This research aimed to characterize and compare the properties of nanoliposome (NLP)-loaded Salep mucilage-based bionanocomposite films containing free and encapsulated Allium jesdianum Boiss. essential oil (AEO). The mean size of nanoliposome containing Allium jesdianum Boiss. essential oil (NLP/AEO) was around 125 nm, the zeta potential value was about −35 mV, and the entrapment effectiveness was over 70% based on an evaluation of NLP prepared using the thin-film hydration and ultrasonic approach. Morphological studies further corroborated the findings of the Zetasizer investigation. When NLP/AEO has added to Salep mucilage-based bionanocomposite films, the tensile strength (TS), water solubility (WS), water content (WC), and water vapor permeability (WVP) were found to decrease. In contrast, the contact angle and oxygen permeability (O2P) elongation at break (EAB) increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images indicated that Salep mucilage-based bionanocomposite films added with NLP/AEO had a disordered inner network in the cross-section and a rough structure on the surface compared to the control film. Finally, an increase in antibacterial activity and a decrease in AEO release rate was observed for the Salep mucilage-based bionanocomposite films incorporated with NLP/AEO. Our results indicated that NLP/AEO, as an innovative sustained-release system, had the potential for using the developed antibacterial food packaging base on Salep mucilage for the shelf life extension of perishable food products.

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Mosavi, Seyedeh Soghra, Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare, Hossein Behniafar, and Mahmood Tajbakhsh. "Removal of Amoxicillin Antibiotic from Polluted Water by a Magnetic Bionanocomposite Based on Carboxymethyl Tragacanth Gum-Grafted-Polyaniline." Water 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010202.

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Removal of antibiotics from contaminated water is very important because of their harmful effects on the environment and living organisms. This study describes the preparation of a bionanocomposite of carboxymethyl tragacanth gum-grafted-polyaniline and γFe2O3 using an in situ copolymerization method as an effective adsorbent for amoxicillin antibiotic remediation from polluted water. The prepared materials were characterized by several analyses. The vibrating sample magnetometer and thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the carboxymethyl tragacanth gum-grafted-polyaniline@ γFe2O3 bionanocomposite has a magnetization saturation of 25 emu g−1 and thermal stability with a char yield of 34 wt%, respectively. The specific surface area of bionanocomposite of about 8.0794 m2/g was obtained by a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The maximum adsorption capacity (909.09 mg/g) of carboxymethyl tragacanth gum-grafted-polyaniline@ γFe2O3 was obtained at pH 7, an agitation time of 20 min, a bioadsorbent dose of 0.005 g, and amoxicillin initial concentration of 400 mg/L. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were a better fit with the experimental data. The kinetic model showed that chemical adsorption is the main mechanism for the adsorption of amoxicillin on the bioadsorbent. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity for amoxicillin compared to other reported adsorbents showed that the prepared bionanocomposite has a higher maximum adsorption capacity than other adsorbents. These results show that carboxymethyl tragacanth gum-grafted-polyaniline@ γFe2O3 would be a favorable bioadsorbent for the remediation of amoxicillin from contaminated water.

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Lacoste, Clément, Benjamin Gallard, José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta, Ozlem Ipek Kalaoglu-Altan, and Karen De Clerck. "Development of Bionanocomposites Based on Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate)/PolylActide Blends Reinforced with Cloisite 30B." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 11, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb11030064.

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In the present study, poly(3-hydroxybuturate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and plasticized polylactide acid (PLA) blends were processed by melt extrusion with different weight ratio (up to 20 wt.% of PHBV). Bionanocomposites were obtained through the incorporation of an organomodified montmorillonite (C30B) at 3 wt.%. The main features of the processing and physico-chemical characterization of films and injected samples were assessed and the influence of the components on the chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of the bionanocomposites was investigated. The results indicated that plasticized PLA/PHBV/C30B bionanocomposites present optimal mechanical properties for sanitary applications. Moreover, plasticized PLA/PHBV could lead to finely tuned biomaterials able to form electrospun nanofibers.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bionanocompositi'

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