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Journal articles on the topic 'Biomonitors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Rainbow, P. S., B. D. Smith, and S. S. S. Lau. "Biomonitoring of trace metal availabilities in the Thames estuary using a suite of littoral biomonitors." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, no. 5 (October 2002): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540200615x.

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This study employed a suite of three biomonitors to investigate trace metal pollution in the Thames estuary, a region of significant clean-up of contaminants and the cumulative return of fauna and flora over the last two decades. The biomonitors chosen are the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus (bladder wrack), the barnacle Balanus improvisus and the talitrid amphipod crustacean Orchestia gammarellus, in order to obtain data on the bioavailabilities of Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe, Ag and Mn in the Thames estuary in 2001, as a basis for future comparisons as pollution is further reduced in the Thames. Accumulated metal concentrations in these organisms represent integrated records of the total bioavailabilities of the metals to that organism at that location over a previous time period, and comparisons of accumulated concentrations in a biomonitor between sites are indeed comparisons of the recent contaminant bioavailabilities to that biomonitor. All three biomonitors showed geographical differences in trace metal bioavailabilities along the Thames estuary. There was general agreement in the conclusions to be drawn from each of the three species used. Raised bioavailabilities of zinc, cadmium, lead, iron and manganese are present, particularly in the middle region of the Thames investigated, downstream of the effluent discharges of the sewage works at Beckton and Crossness.

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2

Yap, Chee Kong, Weiyun Chew, Khalid Awadh Al-Mutairi, Salman Abdo Al-Shami, Rosimah Nulit, Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim, Koe Wei Wong, et al. "Invasive Weed Asystasia gangetica as a Potential Biomonitor and a Phytoremediator of Potentially Toxic Metals: A Case Study in Peninsular Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094682.

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The invasive weed Asystasia gangetica was investigated for its potential as a biomonitor and as a phytoremediator of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in Peninsular Malaysia owing to its ecological resistance towards unfavourable environments. The biomonitoring potential of PTMs was determined based on the correlation analysis of the metals in the different parts of the plant (leaves, stems, and roots) and its habitat topsoils. In the roots, the concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn ranged from 0.03 to 2.18, 9.22 to 139, 0.63 to 5.47, 2.43 to 10.5, and 50.7 to 300, respectively. In the leaves, the concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn ranged from 0.03 to 1.16, 7.94 to 20.2, 0.03 to 6.13, 2.10 to 21.8, and 18.8 to 160, respectively. In the stems, the concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn ranged from 0.03 to 1.25, 5.57 to 11.8, 0.23 to 3.69, 0.01 to 7.79, and 26.4 to 246, respectively. On the other hand, the phytoremediation potential of the five metals was estimated based on the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (TF) values. Correlation analysis revealed that the roots and stems could be used as biomonitors of Cu, the stems as biomonitors of Ni, the roots and leaves as biomonitors of Pb, and all three parts of the plant as biomonitors of Zn. According to the BCF values, in the topsoil, the “easily, freely, leachable, or exchangeable” geochemical fractions of the five metals could be more easily transferred to the roots, leaves, and stems when compared with total concentrations. Based on the TF values of Cd, Ni, and Pb, the metal transfer to the stems (or leaves) from the roots was efficient (>1.0) at most sampling sites. The results of BCF and TF showed that A. gangetica was a good phytoextractor for Cd and Ni, and a good phytostabilizer for Cu, Pb, and Zn. Therefore, A. gangetica is a good candidate as a biomonitor and a phytoremediator of Ni, Pb, and Zn for sustainable contaminant remediation subject to suitable field management strategies.

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3

Martínez, D. Nayeli, Edison A. Díaz-Álvarez, and Erick de la Barrera. "Selecting Biomonitors of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition: Guidelines for Practitioners and Decision Makers." Nitrogen 2, no. 3 (July 12, 2021): 308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen2030021.

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Environmental pollution is a major threat to public health and is the cause of important economic losses worldwide. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is one of the most significant components of environmental pollution, which, in addition to being a health risk, is one of the leading drivers of global biodiversity loss. However, monitoring pollution is not possible in many regions of the world because the instrumentation, deployment, operation, and maintenance of automated systems is onerous. An affordable alternative is the use of biomonitors, naturally occurring or transplanted organisms that respond to environmental pollution with a consistent and measurable ecophysiological response. This policy brief advocates for the use of biomonitors of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Descriptions of the biological and monitoring particularities of commonly utilized biomonitor lichens, bryophytes, vascular epiphytes, herbs, and woody plants, are followed by a discussion of the principal ecophysiological parameters that have been shown to respond to the different nitrogen emissions and their rate of deposition.

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4

Banerjee, Samarendra Nath. "Amphibian Biomonitors." BioScience 41, no. 6 (June 1991): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1311742.

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5

Ubrihien, Rodney P., Anne M. Taylor, and William A. Maher. "Bioaccumulation, oxidative stress and cellular damage in the intertidal gastropod Bembicium nanum exposed to a metal contamination gradient." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 5 (2017): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16026.

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The high concentration of population and industry in coastal areas leads to contamination. In situ biomonitors provide a reliable and cost-effective means of assessing the effects of contamination. Rigorous assessment of biomonitors is required to establish links between biomarker measurements and contamination in the environment. The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of metal contamination on the intertidal gastropod Bembicium nanum and to validate biomarkers for use in this species. B. nanum was sampled from a metal contamination gradient emanating from Port Kembla (NSW, Australia). Tissue metal concentrations were related to the condition of organisms as assessed using the biomarkers total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and lysosomal destabilisation. Total tissue metal concentrations were highest in Port Kembla organisms, with copper contributing 56% of metals measured in organisms from this site. B. nanum from Port Kembla also had significantly higher lysosomal destabilisation, being 36% higher than Kiama and 80% higher than Shellharbour over the combined sampling times. Lysosomal destabilisation was related to total tissue metal concentration and Cu tissue concentration. The results of the present study establish B. nanum as a bioindicator of metal contamination, with effects primarily relating to copper, and support previous work on the species as an effective biomonitor of bioavailable metal.

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6

Hamilton, E. I. "Plants as biomonitors." Science of The Total Environment 142, no. 3 (March 1994): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90339-5.

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7

Lepp, N. W. "Bioindicators & Biomonitors." Journal of Environment Quality 33, no. 3 (2004): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.1161.

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8

Jeran, Z., R. Jacimovic, and P. Pavsic Mikuz. "Lichens and mosses as biomonitors." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 107 (May 2003): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20030393.

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9

Rainbow, Philip S., and David J. H. Phillips. "Cosmopolitan biomonitors of trace metals." Marine Pollution Bulletin 26, no. 11 (November 1993): 593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(93)90497-8.

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10

Mateos, Ana Carolina, Iván Tavera Busso, Hebe Alejandra Carreras, and Claudia María González. "Assessment of diesel exhaust pollutants effects in Tillandsia capillaris and Ramalina celastri by laboratory trials." Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental 38 (November 8, 2022): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20937/rica.54205.

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Traffic-related air pollution is one of the most relevant environmental problems in urban areas. Several cryptogams (i.e., lichens and mosses) and vascular species have been employed to monitor urban air pollution since they allow the assessment of air quality in a large number of sampling sites simultaneously at low cost. In large urban cities, vehicle emissions are frequently the major source of air pollution along with residential energy (for cooking and heating), industry, power generation, and waste incineration. Biomonitors in these urban environments are exposed to a mixture of pollutants making it difficult to identify which pollutant causes the greatest damage to organisms. However, studies that analyze the effect of pollutants emitted by vehicle exhaust are scarce and in the particular case of the most used biomonitor species in Argentina, no analysis of how they are affected by vehicle emissions has been carried out so far. So, the aim of this work was to analyze changes in physiochemical parameters (pigment content, pro-oxidant products, and sulfur accumulation) in Ramalina celastri, and heavy metal accumulation in Tillandsia capillaris, exposed to diesel exhausts under laboratory conditions. A strong damage in the photosynthetic apparatus of R. celastri was observed as well as metal concentration in T. capillaris after 20 min of exposure and 48 h of permanence in the exposure chambers. The results indicate that not only the particles and metals cause damage to these two well-known biomonitors, but the interaction of these pollutants with other components of the atmosphere that form different secondary pollutants, together with a longer exposure time, could cause the highest level of damage in them.

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11

Johnstone, Keera M., Philip S. Rainbow, Paul F. Clark, Brian D. Smith, and David Morritt. "Trace metal bioavailabilities in the Thames estuary: continuing decline in the 21st century." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 1 (December 14, 2015): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415001952.

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Levels of pollution, including contamination by toxic metals, in the Thames estuary reduced over the last four decades of the 20th century. This 2014 study investigates whether the declines in the bioavailabilities of trace metals (Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) have continued in the 21st century, using a suite of littoral biomonitors also employed in 2001 – the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus, the strandline, talitrid amphipod Orchestia gammarellus and the estuarine barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus. Bioaccumulated concentrations represent relative measures of the total bioavailabilities of each metal to the biomonitor over a previous time period, and can be compared over space and over time. Trace metal bioavailabilities varied along the estuary, and, in general, fell between 2001 and 2014, a reflection of the continuing remediation of the Thames estuary from its severely polluted state in the middle of the 20th century.

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12

Gurgatz, Bruno Martins, Regiani Carvalho-Oliveira, Gisele Antoniaconi, Paulo Hilário do Nascimento Saldiva, Luciano Fernandes Huergo, and Rodrigo Arantes Reis. "Spatial Distribution Of Atmospheric Pollutants Through Biomonitoring In Tree Bark Using X-Ray Fluorescence." Eclética Química Journal 43, no. 2 (August 23, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v43.2.2018.p59-64.

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Several studies have shown that tree barks can absorb air contaminants, therefore, trees can be used as biomonitors to identify the distribution of atmospheric pollutants. The city of Paranaguá, located at the coast of the Paraná State in Brazil, hosts the largest bulk cargo port in Latin America and an elevated number of fertilizer processing industries. In this study we used tree barks coupled to X-ray fluorescence spectrometer analysis to biomonitor the distribution of air pollutants in the city of Paranaguá. We identified a visual correlation between the level of the elements K and Cl, with high levels detected near fertilizer warehouses. A relation between Fe levels and position of railways and train stations were also clear. The low levels of the elements Zn, Al, Ba and Mg detected in a traffic restricted zone confirm the use of these elements as markers of vehicles traffic and validate the approach of using tree barks for air pollution biomonitoring.

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13

Yap, Chee Kong, Moslem Sharifinia, Wan Hee Cheng, Salman Abdo Al-Shami, Koe Wei Wong, and Khalid Awadh Al-Mutairi. "A Commentary on the Use of Bivalve Mollusks in Monitoring Metal Pollution Levels." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 3386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073386.

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The objective of this commentary is to promote the use of bivalves as biomonitors, which is a part of the continual efforts of the International Mussel Watch. This commentary is an additional discussion on “Bivalve mollusks in metal pollution studies: From bioaccumulation to biomonitoring” by Zuykov et al., published in Chemosphere 93, 201–208. The present discussion can serve as a platform for further insights to provide new thoughts and novel ideas on how to make better use of bivalves in biomonitoring studies. The certainty of better and more extensive applications of mollusks in environmental monitoring in the future is almost confirmed but more studies are urgently needed. With all the reported studies using bivalves as biomonitors of heavy metal pollution, the effectiveness of using Mussel Watch is beyond any reasonable doubts. The challenge is the development of more accurate methodologies for of heavy metal data interpretation, and the precision of the biomonitoring studies using bivalves as biomonitors, whether in coastal or freshwater ecosystems. Lastly, inclusion of human health risk assessment of heavy metals in commercial bivalves would make the research papers of high public interest.

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14

Allen, H. Joel, Kenneth L. Dickson, Howard Martin, Kevin A. Thuesen, and William T. Waller. "Monitoring Watersheds: Biomonitors and Other Measures." Journal of Urban Technology 9, no. 2 (August 2002): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1063073022000016450.

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15

Gruber, D., C. H. Frago, and W. J. Rasnake. "Automated biomonitors ? first line of defense." JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH 3, no. 2 (1994): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00042938.

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16

Piervittori, Rosanna, and Alessandra Laccisaglia. "Lichens as biodeterioration agents and biomonitors." Aerobiologia 9, no. 2-3 (December 1993): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02066259.

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17

Vieira, Catiele, and Annette Droste. "Biomonitors to evaluate the toxic potential of urban solid waste landfill leachate." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2326.

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The accentuated increase in the production of solid urban waste (SUW) and the consequent accumulation of leachate in landfills increase the risk of environmental contamination. Biomonitors are used to assess the toxicity of pollutants on living organisms. In this study, the pollutant potential of leachate from SUW from a deactivated landfill was evaluated by bioassays with Lactuca sativa L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., and the relationship between chemical characteristics of the effluent and biological parameters was analyzed. The effluent was tested in its raw form and diluted in distilled water at concentrations of 75 and 50%. The percentage of germination, root growth (RG), mitotic index (MI), chromosomal abnormalities index (CAI), and micronuclei frequency (MCN) were analyzed. In the presence of effluent, germination and MI decreased, while RG, CAI and MCN frequencies increased in relation to the negative control (distilled water) for both species. Lead, iron and zinc presented negative relation with seed germination for both species, with RG of L. sativa and MI of L. esculentum, as well as a positive relation with MCN frequency in the studied species. Because of its larger chromosomes, L. sativa is a more suitable biomonitor of SUW leachate toxicity than L. esculentum. Even though the landfill is deactivated, it is necessary to treat this effluent, in order to minimize environmental impacts.

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18

Clason, B., and G. P. Zauke. "Bioaccumulation of trace metals in marine and estuarine amphipods: evaluation and verification of toxicokinetic models." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 1410–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-063.

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The suitability of the marine and estuarine gammaridean amphipods Gammarus locustra (Linneaus 1758), Gammarus zaddachi Sexton (1912), and Gammarus salinus Spooner (1947) from the Island of Heligoland and the Weser and Ems estuaries, northwestern Germany, as biomonitors was tested in a toxicokinetic study with the elements Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Hg. The organisms responded with metal uptake upon exposure, and it was possible to estimate parameters of two-compartment or logistic regression models that were statistically different from zero. In most cases, the toxicokinetic models obtained were successfully verified in a second toxicokinetic uptake study for Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd. Data for Cd were additionally verified with previously reported kinetic parameters. Results for Hg indicate that the organisms tested may not be suitable as biomonitors for this element. The calibration of gammarids as biomonitors was extended in a third toxicokinetic uptake study for Cu and Pb showing a linear increase from the control level to external waterborne metal exposures of 240 µg Cu·L-1 and 60 µg Pb·L-1, while Zn tended to level off above 120 µg·L-1 and Cd above 10 µg·L-1. These figures largely determine the range for which the models may serve as a predictive tool.

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19

Işınkaralar, Kaan. "Evaluation of Environmental Barium Concentration Biomonitoring in Tree Rings." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 4 (May 6, 2022): 754–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i2.347-352.5053.

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The effect of barium element that can be extremely harmful heavy metal to human and environmental health in urban centers. The barium can cause various environmental pollution due to its anthropogenic accumulation in the environment. Also, it has negative effects on plants, animals, and humans through atmospheric deposition. All Barium (Ba) compounds are harmful heavy metals and they show a poisonous effect on the environment. Thus, it is crucial to determine the Ba concentration in plants grown in areas with high pollution in the landscape, park, and roadside. Biomonitoring with the tree species can be determined which is the best passive biomonitoring method with the tree rings formed by the effect of seasonal differences. The barium has been accumulated in the tree rings for a long time that can provide critical knowledge about the atmospheric barium deposition. The temporal and spatial variations of Ba concentration were analyzed with organs of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) as biomonitors. This study results show that the outer bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) is a convenient biomonitor for Ba deposition.

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20

Mallory, Mark L. "The Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) in Arctic Canada: ecology, threats, and what it tells us about marine environmental conditions." Environmental Reviews 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 187–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a06-003.

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The northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis is a ubiquitous seabird found across the North Atlantic Ocean and into the Canadian Arctic. However, we know little of its ecology in the Arctic, which is unfortunate, because it possesses many traits that make it an excellent biomonitor of the condition of Arctic marine environments. Presently, Arctic fulmars face threats from harvest, bycatch in fisheries, and fouling in oil spills while the birds are in their winter range (the North Atlantic). However, during breeding, migration, and overwintering, they may also experience stress from ecotourism, contaminants, particulate garbage, and climate change. In this paper I review the effects of all of these threats on fulmars and I describe how the ecology of these birds makes them particularly suitable for tracking contaminants, garbage, and the effects of climate change in the Arctic marine ecosystem. I also highlight our key existing knowledge gaps on this species and how additional research will strengthen the utility of fulmars as biomonitors. Key words: northern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis, Arctic, contaminants, climate change, pollution.

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21

Nimis, P. L., M. Castello, and M. Perotti. "Lichens as Biomonitors of Sulphur Dioxide Pollution in La Spezia (Northern Italy)." Lichenologist 22, no. 3 (July 1990): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282990000378.

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AbstractLichens epiphytic on olive trees were used as biomonitors of sulphur dioxide pollution in La Spezia (Northern Italy). The method adopted was designed to avoid subjectivity at all stages, from the sampling strategy to data analysis. Thus, lichen data are expressed by an index that does not depend on any sensitivity scale; data analysis relies on multivariate methods of classification and ordination, and the pollution maps have been produced by automatic mapping programmes. The index, based on the frequency of species within a sampling grid, showed a very high statistical correlation with pollution data measured by recording gauges. The results of classification and ordination indicate that Parmelia caperata is the species with a distribution best related to the lichen index. The quality of air pollution data obtained from biomonitors is discussed.

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22

Fortuna, Lorenzo, Fabio Candotto Carniel, Fiore Capozzi, and Mauro Tretiach. "Congruence Evaluation of Mercury Pollution Patterns Around a Waste Incinerator over a 16-Year-Long Period Using Different Biomonitors." Atmosphere 10, no. 4 (April 5, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10040183.

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To date, there has been an ever-increasing interest in complementary air monitoring techniques, which may fill the deficiencies of air quality networks. The present work reports the results concerning five biomonitoring surveys (BSs) performed in the proximity of a waste incinerator (WI) over a 16-year period. Hg emission related to the WI activity was monitored by means of both active and passive BSs based on three photosynthetically-active biomonitors (i.e., two epiphytic lichens: Pseudevernia furfuracea and Xanthoria parietina; one vascular plant: Robinia pseudoacacia) collected or exposed before and/or after the WI installation, and after a four-month period of inactivity. Hg concentration values observed in biomonitor samples varied according to the implemented species and to the status of WI plant (active vs. inactive). Our data demonstrate that, in the same pollution scenario, P. furfuracea accumulates three times more Hg than both X. parietina and R. pseudoacacia. The results are discussed in the context of the actual European Union directives concerning air pollution monitoring and assessment, revealing that both active and passive BSs are efficient tools to provide a reliable estimation of the spatial changes of Hg concentrations in the environment.

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23

Popa, Valentin I. "Editorial - PLANTS AS BIOMARKERS, BIOSENSORS AND BIOMONITORS." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 2, no. 3 (2003): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2003.015.

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24

Bernd Markert, Bernd Markert, 王美娥 WANG Mei'e, Simone Wünschmann Simone Wünschmann, and 陈卫平 CHEN Weiping. "Bioindicators and Biomonitors in Environmental Quality Assessment." Acta Ecologica Sinica 33, no. 1 (2013): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5846/stxb201106300977.

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25

Templeman, Michelle A., Madeline R. McKenzie, and Michael J. Kingsford. "The utility of jellyfish as marine biomonitors." Marine Pollution Bulletin 173 (December 2021): 113056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113056.

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26

Van der Wat, L., and P. B. C. Forbes. "Lichens as biomonitors for organic air pollutants." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 64 (January 2015): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2014.09.006.

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27

BENNETT, J. "Bioindicators & Biomonitors, Principles, Concepts and Applications." Science of The Total Environment 328, no. 1-3 (July 26, 2004): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.02.003.

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28

Baumstark-Khan, Christa, Christine E. Hellweg, Kerstin Scherer, and Gerda Horneck. "Mammalian cells as biomonitors of UV-exposure." Analytica Chimica Acta 387, no. 3 (April 1999): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00050-1.

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29

Loppi, Stefano, Alberto Malfatti, Mauro Sani, and Neil E. Whitehead. "Lichens as biomonitors of geothermal radionuclide pollution." Geothermics 26, no. 4 (August 1997): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6505(97)00005-9.

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30

Schmitz, P., F. Krebs, and U. Irmer. "Development, Testing and Implementation of Automated Biotests for the Monitoring of the River Rhine, Demonstrated by Bacteria and Algae Tests." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 3 (February 1, 1994): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0105.

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A joint research project for the development, testing and implementation of automated biotests, capable of rapidly detecting acutely toxic water conditions of the River Rhine, was carried out by several administrative and scientific institutions in Germany. Automated biomonitors working with the test organisms bacteria, algae, water fleas, mussels, and fishes were tested and compared with respect to their sensitivity, reliability, and practical handling under field conditions. Field trials with atrazine and sodium pentachlorophenolate as toxicants were performed on the River Rhine. Threshold values and LOEC-values (Lowest observed effect concentration) were determined to compare the test specific sensitivity of the test systems. From 1990 to 1992 various biomonitors were tested in monitoring stations on the river Rhine and in a mobile laboratory container on the rivers Rhine and Main. Results of bacteria and algae tests are presented.

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31

Guerrieri, Nicoletta. "Moss, Lichens and Phytobenthos Bioindicators of Pollution." Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 3, no. 2 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000138.

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The use of lichens, mosses and phytobenthos as biomonitors of air and water pollution by heavy metals is discussed on the basis of the literature and the author’s own experience. The usefulness of the available monitoring techniques is critically evaluated. Moss and lichens are considered very useful biodindicators especially for large-scale studies of heavy-metal deposition from the atmosphere. National and international organization standardized and shared monitoring protocols. We analysed the recent literature from 2019 to April 2020 and selected some significant case studies that contribute to an improvement of the analytical methods and to a development of new tools. A wide literature reports monitoring of air pollution with moss and lichens, both natural and transplanted. The use of transplanted moss as bioindicator of water pollution is less represented in the available literature. Phytobenthos represents a new frontier in the aquatic ecosystem monitoring and even if a standardized method has not yet been finalized, it represents a potential very useful biomonitor of metals, emergent pollutants and also microplastics in aquatic environment. New tools, new technologies are emerging from recent literature and the relationship between environment and human health starts to be studied from a different point of view.

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32

Flessas, Christiane, Yves Couillard, Bernadette Pinel-Alloul, Louise St-Cyr, and Peter GC Campbell. "Metal concentrations in two freshwater gastropods (Mollusca) in the St. Lawrence River and relationships with environmental contamination." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, S1 (March 14, 2000): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-229.

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This study assesses the potential use of two dominant freshwater gastropod species of the St. Lawrence River, Bithynia tentaculata (Prosobranchia) and Physa gyrina (Pulmonata), as biomonitors of metal pollution. Gastropods were collected in the littoral zone of Lake St. Louis and Lake St. Pierre, two shallow fluvial lakes of the St. Lawrence River, at sampling stations chosen to represent a metal concentration gradient in sediments. The soft body tissues of snails were analyzed for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Metal concentrations in snail tissues were related to those in macrophytes, on which the snails were collected, and in nearby sediments, where the metal ion concentrations at the water-sediment interface were estimated. There was a significant effect of age on the essential metals Cu and Zn, adults of B. tentaculata showing higher concentrations than juveniles. Significant relationships were obtained between Cd and Zn concentrations in snail tissues and those in the environment (macrophytes or the estimated free metal ion levels at the water-sediment interface). Some other relationships were also obtained with Ni, Pb, and Cu in P. gyrina. Bithynia tentaculata appears to be a promising biomonitor species, particularly for Cd and Zn.

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33

Sucur, Katarina, Mira Anicic, Milica Tomasevic, Davor Antanasijevic, Aleksandra Peric-Grujic, and Mirjana Ristic. "Urban deciduous tree leaves as biomonitors of trace element (AS, V and Cd) atmospheric pollution in Belgrade, Serbia." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 75, no. 10 (2010): 1453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc100319079s.

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Leaves of common deciduous trees: horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) and linden (Tilia spp.) from three parks within the urban area of Belgrade were studied as biomonitors of trace element (As, V, and Cd) atmospheric pollution. The May-September trace element accumulation in the leaves, and their temporal trends, were assayed in a multi-year period (2002-2006). Significant accumulation in the leaves was evident for As and V, but not so regularly for Cd. Slightly decreasing temporal trends of V and As accumulated in the leaf tissues were observed over the years. During the time span, the concentrations of Cd remained approximately on the same level, except in May 2002 and September 2005, when a rapid increase was observed. The May-September accumulations of As and V were higher in horse chestnut than in linden, although both may be used as biomonitors for these elements, and optionally for Cd in conditions of its high atmospheric loadings.

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Lin, Vivian S. "Research highlights: natural passive samplers – plants as biomonitors." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 17, no. 6 (2015): 1137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5em90016f.

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Minger, A., and U. Krähenbühl. "Moss and Lichen as Biomonitors for Heavy Metals." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 67, no. 1-4 (June 1997): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067319708031392.

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Daniells, Clare, Ian Duce, David Thomas, Philip Sewell, John Tattersall, and David de Pomerai. "Transgenic nematodes as biomonitors of microwave-induced stress." Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 399, no. 1 (March 1998): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0027-5107(97)00266-2.

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37

Bertuzzi, Stefano, Linda Davies, Sally A. Power, and Mauro Tretiach. "Why lichens are bad biomonitors of ozone pollution?" Ecological Indicators 34 (November 2013): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.05.023.

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Loppi, S., L. A. Di Lella, L. Frati, G. Protano, S. A. Pirintsos, and F. Riccobono. "Lichens as Biomonitors of Depleted Uranium in Kosovo." Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 49, no. 1-3 (November 2004): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10874-004-1258-z.

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Chang, Ruth, Douglas Hayward, Lynn Goldman, Martha Harnly, Jennifer Flattery, and Robert Stephens. "Foraging fram animals as biomonitors for dioxin contamination." Chemosphere 19, no. 1-6 (January 1989): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(89)90355-x.

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Kovalchuk, Igor, and Olga Kovalchuk. "A New Use for Transgenic Plants - Environmental Biomonitors." Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews 20, no. 1 (December 2003): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02648725.2003.10648036.

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41

Cortés, E. "Investigation of air pollution in Chile using biomonitors." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 262, no. 1 (2004): 169–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jrnc.0000040885.09041.2e.

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42

Jordan, Mark A., Peter R. Teasdale, Ryan J. K. Dunn, and Shing Y. Lee. "Modelling copper uptake by Saccostrea glomerata with diffusive gradients in a thin film measurements." Environmental Chemistry 5, no. 4 (2008): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en07092.

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Environmental context. Organisms, like commercially available rock oysters, can be used to measure the uptake of contaminants (e.g. trace metals) and thereby provide a relative measure of water quality between sites or of water quality changes over time. However, these measurements cannot be directly compared with water quality guidelines, which require water concentrations and not tissue concentrations, to provide an absolute indication of water quality. The present study found that the amount of copper accumulated in oyster tissue was proportional to water copper concentrations measured by passive sampler devices, thereby allowing oyster copper accumulation to be interpreted in terms of biologically-available copper water concentrations and to be compared with the water quality guidelines. Abstract. Copper bioaccumulation in transplanted oysters, Saccostrea glomerata, was compared with measurements of water concentrations. Tissue copper measurements were positively correlated with acid-soluble copper concentrations (n = 6, r = 0.874, P = 0.023) and with DGT (diffusive gradients in a thin film)-accumulated copper mass at two sites (n = 9, r = 0.967, P < 0.001; n = 9, r = 0.888, P = 0.001) where continual bioaccumulation occurred. The more significant correlations are likely due to the time-integrated nature of DGT measurements, despite the biomonitor measuring different copper species. This empirical relationship allowed S. glomerata-available copper concentrations (0.70–1.6 μg L–1) to be modelled across 14 sites and produced a highly significant correlation (r = 0.787, P = 0.001) with DGT-labile copper measurements (0.10–0.49 μg L–1). This approach allowed biomonitor measurements to be compared with water quality guidelines and would further expand the use of biomonitors for aquatic monitoring if widely replicated.

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Díaz-Álvarez, Edison A., and Erick de la Barrera. "Influence of Land Use on the C and N Status of a C4 Invasive Grass in a Semi-Arid Region: Implications for Biomonitoring." Plants 10, no. 5 (May 9, 2021): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050942.

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Biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution is an increasingly accepted practice. However, most existing biomonitors are usually epiphytic species from mesic environments. This work assessed the suitability of buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris), an invasive C4 grass in northwestern Mexico, as a biomonitor, by means of the spatial distribution of the carbon and nitrogen content and isotopic signatures for grass samples collected from urban, agricultural, and natural areas throughout the state of Sonora. We found the highest tissue carbon content of 45.6% (on a dry weight basis) and highest nitrogen content of 3.31% for buffelgrass from the Yaqui Valley. We also found the lowest δ13C of −15.9‰, and the highest δ15N of 16.7‰ in the same region. In contrast, the lowest carbon and nitrogen content of 39.4 and 1.49% were found for Bahía de Kino and Río Sonora mountains, respectively. The lowest δ15N of 2.18‰ and the highest δ13C of −13.7‰ were measured for two remote locations. These results show the influence that pollutant emissions, including agriculture and transportation, have on elemental and isotopic composition of vegetation. Buffelgrass is most adequate for tracking carbon and nitrogen emissions in arid environments and for determining alterations on nitrogen soil reactions, as a first approximation for saturation.

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Morgan, E. L., R. C. Young, C. N. Crane, and B. J. Armigate. "Developing Automated Multispecies Biosensing for Contaminant Detection." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0113.

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Automated biomonitoring may provide real-time functional information from cause/effect relationships between developing toxicity and a representative aquatic animal. However, since the applicability of single-species biomonitoring information may be subject to question when viewed in light of community toxicity and ecological quality control programs, we developed a computer-assisted multiple species biosensing system for water quality monitoring. In addition to fish, emphasis was placed on detecting species-specific bioelectric potentials produced by unrestrained mussels, burrowing mayfly nymph (Hexagenia spp.) and preliminary work with case building caddis fly larva. A specially designed differential amplifier was used for measuring bioelectric potentials induced from various activities of test subjects. Selected responses were detected as discrete analog signals, digitized and filed on computer disk. A management program provided various means for data gathering, filing and retrieval. Two pilot biomonitors were developed, each consisting of an instrumentation minicomputer with up to 12 biosensor input channels and various output peripherals including hardcopy and modem. These systems, combined with an IBM-XT personal computer based biomonitor interfaced to 24 multi-channel biosensor and physical parameter inputs, complete the present network. Results show that bioelectric signals generated from a variety of freshwater species may be easily monitored in a similar manner and viewed as representative measures in community toxicity testing.

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Tashenov, A. K., A. S. Kabylova, M. V. Frontasyeva, N. M. Omarova, and S. V. Morzhukhina. "Assessment of heavy metal and other toxic elements deposition in the Karaganda Region based on moss analysis." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series 130, no. 1 (2020): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2020-130-1-54-61.

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The results on assessing trace element contamination of the environment based on analysis of moss biomonitors collected in Central Kazakhstan. Concentrations of elements were determined by neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. A total of 39 elements were identified, including heavy metals.

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Rodríguez-Santamaría, Karen, Carlos Alfonso Zafra-Mejía, and Hugo Alexander Rondón-Quintana. "Macro-Morphological Traits of Leaves for Urban Tree Selection for Air Pollution Biomonitoring: A Review." Biosensors 12, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12100812.

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Urban trees provide different ecosystem benefits, such as improving air quality due to the retention of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on their leaves. The main objective of this paper was to study, through a systematic literature review, the leaf macro-morphological traits (LMTs) most used for the selection of urban trees as air pollution biomonitors. A citation frequency index was used in scientific databases, where the importance associated with each variable was organized by quartiles (Q). The results suggest that the most biomonitored air pollutants by the LMTs of urban trees were PM between 1–100 µm (Q1 = 0.760), followed by O3 (Q2 = 0.586), PM2.5 (Q2 = 0.504), and PM10 (Q3 = 0.423). PM was probably the most effective air pollutant for studying and evaluating urban air quality in the context of tree LMTs. PM2.5 was the fraction most used in these studies. The LMTs most used for PM monitoring were leaf area (Q1) and specific leaf area (Q4). These LMTs were frequently used for their easy measurement and quantification. In urban areas, it was suggested that leaf area was directly related to the amount of PM retained on tree leaves. The PM retained on tree leaves was also used to study other f associated urban air pollutants associated (e.g., heavy metals and hydrocarbons).

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Abramenko, Natalia, Petr Mashkin, Sergey Volkov, Vladimir Olshanskiy, and Leonid Kustov. "Fresh-Water Mollusks as Biomonitors for Ecotoxicity of Nanomaterials." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11040944.

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The use of different nanoparticles (NPs) is growing every year since discoveries of their unique properties. The wide use of nanomaterials has raised concerns about their safety and possible accumulation in the aquatic environment. Mussels are being considered as one of the most suitable organisms for bioaccumulation monitoring. Within our study, we focused on developing the method that can be applied in field studies of ecotoxicity and can be nondestructive and informative at early times of exposure, while at the same time being based on changes of physiological parameters of fresh water mussels. The changes in the cardiovascular and neural systems of mollusks (Anodonta anatina and Unio tumidus) were measured as biomarkers of toxic effects. Different monometallic and bimetallic NPs, silicon NPs with various ligands were applied as test substances. Changes in cardiovascular and neural functions were in good correlation with accumulation tests for all tested NPs.

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Cuculovic, Ana, R. Cuculovic, Tijana Cvetic-Antic, and D. Veselinovic. "Mosses as biomonitors for radioactivity following the Chernobyl accident." Archives of Biological Sciences 63, no. 4 (2011): 1117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1104117c.

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In this work 137Cs and 40K radionuclide concentrations in moss collected at NP Djerdap in the period from 1996 to 2009 are presented. Values of the substrate-moss transfer factor for 137Cs and 40K were calculated. The effective and biological half-life of 137Cs in Homalothecium sericeum moss collected in the period from 1996 to 2008 on the archeological locality of Lepenski Vir was also calculated.

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Wade, Terry L., Thomas J. Jackson, Thomas J. McDonald, Dan L. Wilkinson, and James M. Brooks. "OYSTERS AS BIOMONITORS OF THE APEX BARGE OIL SPILL." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-313.

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ABSTRACT The collision of the Greek tanker ship Shinoussa resulted in a spill of an estimated 692,000 gallons of catalytic feed stock oil into Galveston Bay on July 28, 1990. Oysters were collected from Galveston Bay Todds Dump (GBTD) 235 days previous to the spill and 6, 37, 132, and 495 days after the spill. Oysters were also collected from Galveston Bay Redfish Island (GBRI), a site known to be impacted by the spill, 37 and 110 days after the spill. The concentration of the 24 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) measured for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's national status and trends program (NS&T) site showed a sharp increase from about 100 ng/g to over 600 ng/g one week after the spill compared to concentrations 235 days previous to the spill. The concentration of the 24 NS&T PAH in oysters from GBRI ranges from 400 to over 1000 ng/g. Soon after the spill the concentration of the 24 NS&T PAH at Todds Dump decreased to levels not statistically different from pre-spill samples. However, analyses of alkylated and sulfur containing aromatic compounds indicate the oysters were still contaminated with Apex barge oil at least 37 and 110 days after the spill at GBTD and GBRI, respectively. Data from NS&T sampling at GBTD more than a year after the spill (495 days) indicates the presence of alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons that may be from Apex barge oil still in the area. It appears that a sink of Apex barge oil (i. e., in sediments) may periodically be released by storms or other events into the ecosystem near GBTD. Therefore, bioavailable Apex barge oil is still present and may adversely affect oysters 495 days after the spill.

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Galès, Amandine, Eric Latrille, Nathalie Wéry, Jean-Philippe Steyer, and Jean-Jacques Godon. "Needles of Pinus halepensis as Biomonitors of Bioaerosol Emissions." PLoS ONE 9, no. 11 (November 7, 2014): e112182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112182.

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