Academic literature on the topic 'Biomolecular Sensors'

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Journal articles on the topic "Biomolecular Sensors"

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Miao, Yanming, Jinzhi Lv, Yan Li, and Guiqin Yan. "Construction of biomolecular sensors based on quantum dots." RSC Advances 6, no. 110 (2016): 109009–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra20499f.

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At this post-genomic era, the focus of life science research has shifted from life genetic information to general biofunctions. Biomolecular sensors based on QDs will play an important role in the identification and detection of biomolecules.
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Sun, Nan, Yong Liu, Ling Qin, Hakho Lee, Ralph Weissleder, and Donhee Ham. "Small NMR biomolecular sensors." Solid-State Electronics 84 (June 2013): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2013.02.005.

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Kelley, Shana. "Biomolecular Sensors: Benchmarking Basics." ACS Sensors 1, no. 12 (December 23, 2016): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.6b00775.

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VACIC, ALEKSANDAR, and MARK A. REED. "BIOMOLECULAR FIELD EFFECT SENSORS (BIOFETS): FROM QUALITATIVE SENSING TO MULTIPLEXING, CALIBRATION AND QUANTITATIVE DETECTION FROM WHOLE BLOOD." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 21, no. 01 (March 2012): 1250004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156412500048.

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Nanoscale field effect based sensors have emerged as a potential label-free diagnostic tool capable of detecting extremely low levels of biomolecules with fast response times. To date, successful detection of various biomolecular species ranging from small molecules to antibodies have been demonstrated, however, the lack of quantitative methods, sensor calibration techniques and ability to detect charges in strong ionic strength environments has hindered their commercial application. In this paper we discuss a recent progress in this field directed primarily towards overcoming the aforementioned obstacles.
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Liu, Xiyuan, and Peter B. Lillehoj. "Embroidered electrochemical sensors for biomolecular detection." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 11 (2016): 2093–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00307a.

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Densmore, A., D. X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, J. Lapointe, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. H. Schmid, and P. Cheben. "Sensitive Label-Free Biomolecular Detection Using Thin Silicon Waveguides." Advances in Optical Technologies 2008 (June 16, 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/725967.

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We review our work developing optical waveguide-based evanescent field sensors for the label-free, specific detection of biological molecules. Using high-index-contrast silicon photonic wire waveguides of submicrometer dimension, we demonstrate ultracompact and highly sensitive molecular sensors compatible with commercial spotting apparatus and microfluidic-based analyte delivery systems. We show that silicon photonic wire waveguides support optical modes with strong evanescent field at the waveguide surface, leading to strong interaction with surface bound molecules for sensitive response. Furthermore, we present new sensor geometries benefiting from the very small bend radii achievable with these high-index-contrast waveguides to extend the sensing path length, while maintaining compact size. We experimentally demonstrate the sensor performance by monitoring the adsorption of protein molecules on the waveguide surface and by tracking small refractive index changes of bulk solutions.
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Chong, Chen, Hongxia Liu, Shulong Wang, Shupeng Chen, and Haiwu Xie. "Sensitivity Analysis of Biosensors Based on a Dielectric-Modulated L-Shaped Gate Field-Effect Transistor." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010019.

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Label-free biomolecular sensors have been widely studied due to their simple operation. L-shaped tunneling field-effect transistors (LTFETs) are used in biosensors due to their low subthreshold swing, off-state current, and power consumption. In a dielectric-modulated LTFET (DM-LTFET), a cavity is trenched under the gate electrode in the vertical direction and filled with biomolecules to realize the function of the sensor. A 2D simulator was utilized to study the sensitivity of a DM-LTFET sensor. The simulation results show that the current sensitivity of the proposed structure could be as high as 2321, the threshold voltage sensitivity could reach 0.4, and the subthreshold swing sensitivity could reach 0.7. This shows that the DM-LTFET sensor is suitable for a high-sensitivity, low-power-consumption sensor field.
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Stern, Eric, Aleksandar Vacic, and Mark A. Reed. "Semiconducting Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor Biomolecular Sensors." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 55, no. 11 (November 2008): 3119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2008.2005168.

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Tian, Fang, Karolyn M. Hansen, Thomas L. Ferrell, Thomas Thundat, and Douglas C. Hansen. "Dynamic Microcantilever Sensors for Discerning Biomolecular Interactions." Analytical Chemistry 77, no. 6 (March 2005): 1601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac048602e.

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Datar, Ram, Seonghwan Kim, Sangmin Jeon, Peter Hesketh, Scott Manalis, Anja Boisen, and Thomas Thundat. "Cantilever Sensors: Nanomechanical Tools for Diagnostics." MRS Bulletin 34, no. 6 (June 2009): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2009.121.

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AbstractCantilever sensors have attracted considerable attention over the last decade because of their potential as a highly sensitive sensor platform for high throughput and multiplexed detection of proteins and nucleic acids. A micromachined cantilever platform integrates nanoscale science and microfabrication technology for the label-free detection of biological molecules, allowing miniaturization. Molecular adsorption, when restricted to a single side of a deformable cantilever beam, results in measurable bending of the cantilever. This nanoscale deflection is caused by a variation in the cantilever surface stress due to biomolecular interactions and can be measured by optical or electrical means, thereby reporting on the presence of biomolecules. Biological specificity in detection is typically achieved by immobilizing selective receptors or probe molecules on one side of the cantilever using surface functionalization processes. When target molecules are injected into the fluid bathing the cantilever, the cantilever bends as a function of the number of molecules bound to the probe molecules on its surface. Mass-produced, miniature silicon and silicon nitride microcantilever arrays offer a clear path to the development of miniature sensors with unprecedented sensitivity for biodetection applications, such as toxin detection, DNA hybridization, and selective detection of pathogens through immunological techniques. This article discusses applications of cantilever sensors in cancer diagnosis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomolecular Sensors"

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Marti, Villalba Maria. "Biomolecular engineered sensors for diagnostic applications." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2009. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/363/.

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Electrochemistry is a powerful technique that offers multiple possibilities and which is in constant evolution. Simple modifications of the electrode surface can result in an improvement of the selectivity and sensitivity of the method. However some situations require more complex modifications such as the incorporation of an external agent to the electrode surface, or within the actual electrode. This thesis describes the development and characterization of a range of novel electrochemical sensors for multiple applications covering agri-food, biomedical and environmental contexts. The foundations of the approach rest upon the development of carbon-loaded polycarbonate composite films. Their fabrication is described and the ease with which they can be modified and physically adapted is highlighted and critically evaluated. The response of the resulting sensors have been validated against conventional techniques. An overview of the technologies employing carbon electrodes is presented in Chapter 1 and serves to set the context of the subsequent research. The various methodologies employed are outlined in Chapter 2. Preliminary modifications of the analytical process has evolved from the ex situ functionalisation of the conventional carbon electrodes with copper (Chapter 3) through to the examination of the versatility and complexities of sample pre-treatment (Chapter 4). The pre-treatment of the sample using naphthoquinones as labeling agents has been developed and this work was extended to examine a wholly new derivatisation agent which could have analytical and clinical/veterinary diagnostic merit. A new direction was sought to overcome the limitations of the conventional analytical approach and composite systems were envisaged as providing an accessible yet flexible method of developing electrochemical sensors for discrete probe and flow systems. The basic procedure has been characterization and optimized for a range of analytes such as neurotransmitters (Chapter 5), anti-oxidants (Chapter 6), purine metabolites (Chapter 8) and phosphate (Chapter 9). Each chapter highlights a different aspect and applicability of the composite and go from simple physical surface modification (Chapter 5) to the incorporation of chemical agents (Chapter 6) and more complex systems such as enzymes (Chapters 8 and 9).
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Cooper, Emily Barbara 1977. "Silicon field-effect sensors for biomolecular assays." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87450.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references.
System-level understanding of biological processes requires the development of novel biosensors capable of quantitative, real-time readout of molecular interactions. Label-free detection methods can minimize costs in time and resources by obviating preparatory steps necessary with label-based methods. They may further be valuable for monitoring biomolecular systems which are difficult or impossible to tag, or for which reporter molecules interfere with biological function. Field-effect sensing is a method of directly sensing intrinsic electrical charge associated with biomolecules without the need for reporter molecules. Microfabrication of field-effect biosensors enables their integration in compact microanalytical systems, as well as the potential to be scaled down in size and up in number. Applying field-effect sensing to the detection and real-time monitoring of specific molecular interactions has long been of interest for protein and nucleic acids analysis. However, these applications are inhibited by serious practical limitations imposed by charge screening in solution. The development of effective measurement techniques requires inquiry into aspects of device engineering, surface chemistry, and buffer conditions. This thesis describes a body of experimental work that investigates the feasibility of label-free analysis of biomolecular interactions by field-effect. This work begins with the microfabrication of field-effect sensors with extremely thin gate oxide, which enables improved surface potential resolution over previously reported sensors.
(cont.) The performance of these sensors has been characterized in terms of drift, noise, and leakage. To better understand the applicability of these sensors, we have characterized the sensors' response to pH, adsorption of polyelectrolyte multilayers, and high-affinity molecular recognition over a range of buffer conditions. Direct, label-free detection of DNA hybridization was accomplished by combining the high-resolution sensors, with enabling surface chemistry, and a differential readout technique. Finally, we explore the lateral scaling limits of potentiometry by applying a novel nanolithographic technique to the fabrication of a single electron transistor that demonstrates Coulomb oscillations at room temperature.
by Emily Barbara Cooper.
Ph.D.
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Anderson, Henrik. "Development of Electroacoustic Sensors for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-107211.

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Russo, Peter R. (Peter Raphael) 1980. "Integrated silicon field-effect sensors and microfluidics for biomolecular detection." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17977.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-53).
Microfabricated silicon field-effect sensors with integrated poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic channels have been demonstrated. These devices are designed for the label-free detection and recognition of specific biomolecules such as DNA. Label-free methods eliminate the time-consuming and costly step of tagging molecules with radioactive or fluorescent markers prior to detection. The devices presented here are sensitive to the intrinsic charge of the target molecules, which modulates the width of the carrier-depleted region of a lightly-doped silicon sensor. The variable depletion capacitance is precisely measured, indicating changes in sensor surface potential of less than 30[micro]V. The integrated microfluidic channels enable the delivery of small (nanoliter-scale) amounts of fluid directly to the sensors. Capacitance-voltage curves were recorded using phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as the test electrolyte; a maximum slope of 44pF/V was measured in depletion. pH sensitivity was also demonstrated using modified PBS solutions. A device with dual 80x80Om sensors yielded a response of 40mV/decade, referenced to the fluid electrode. A device with dual 50x50[micro]m sensors yielded a response of 12mV/decade, referenced to the sensors.
by Peter R. Russo.
M.Eng.
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Zhang, Xiaojuan. "INVESTIGATION OF BIOMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SENSORS AND DIAGNOSTICS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/294.

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The highly specific recognition processes between biomolecules mediate various crucial biological processes. Uncovering the molecular basis of these interactions is of great fundamental and applied importance. This research work focuses on understanding the interactions of several biomolecular recognition systems and processes that can provide fundamental information to aid in the rational design of sensing and molecular recognition tools. Initially, a reliable and versatile platform was developed to investigate biomolecular interactions at a molecular level. This involved several techniques, including biomolecule functionalization to enable attachment to self-assembled monolayers as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) based force spectroscopy to uncover the binding or rupture forces between the receptor and ligand pairs. It was shown that this platform allowed determination of molecular binding between single molecules with a high specificity. The platform was further adapted to a general sensing formulation utilizing a group of flexible and adaptive nucleic acid recognition elements (RNA and DNA aptamers) to detect specific target proteins. Investigation of interactions at the molecular level allowed characterization of the dynamics, specificity and the conformational properties of these functional nucleic acids in a manner inaccessible via traditional interaction studies. These interactions were then adapted to aptamer-based detecting methods that at the ensemble or bulk scale, specifically taking advantage of mechanisms uncovered in the biophysical study of this system. A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used to detect protein targets at the bulk level and the affinities and binding kinetics of these systems were analyzed. Along with AFM-based force spectroscopy, ensemble-averaging properties and molecular properties of these interactions could be correlated to contribute to bridging the gap across length scales. Finally, more broadly applicable sensing platform was developed to take advantage of the unique properties of aptamers. DNA was employed both as a carrier and as a molecular recognition agent. DNA was used as a template for nanoconstruction and fabricating unique shapes that could enhance the aptamer-based molecular recognition strategies. With aptamers tagged to distinct nanoconstructed DNA, a novel shape-based detecting method was enabled at the molecular level. The results demonstrated that this is a flexible strategy, which can be further developed as ultrasensitive single molecule sensing strategy in complex environments.
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Tosolini, Giordano. "Force sensors based on piezoresistive and MOSFET cantilevers for biomolecular sensing." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131408.

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Los procesos de reconocimiento biomolecular entre receptores y ligandos son muy importantes en biología. Estas biomoléculas pueden desarrollar complejos muy específicos y tener una variedad de funciones como replicación y transcripción genómica, actividad enzimática, respuesta inmune, señalamiento celular, etc. La complementariedad inequívoca mostrada por estos componentes biológicos es ampliamente utilizada para desarrollar biosensores. Dependiendo de la naturaleza de las señales que se convierten, los biosensores pueden ser clasificados en ópticos, eléctricos o mecánicos. Entre los sensores mecánicos, los microcantilevers son los más comunes. Han sido utilizados como sensores de estrés superficial o como sensores de masa en detección de biomoléculas, desde hace más de 10 años. El enlace de las moléculas a sus superficies funcionalizadas se puede detectar midiendo la deflexión en modo estático o la variación de la frecuencia de resonancia en modo dinámico. Para lograr la máxima resolución, la deflexión es medida por un láser y un fotodetector. Este método limita las medidas en fluidos transparentes, la portabilidad del instrumento, e incrementa la complejidad de medición multiplexada. El desarrollo de cantilevers sensibles a la deflexión mediante la integración de piezoresistores o transistores de efecto de campo (MOSFET) implementados en el mismo voladizo, resuelve este problema. Sin embargo, simultáneamente se disminuye la resolución del sensor debido al incremento del ruido electrónico. Por otro lado, se puede detectar moléculas midiendo la fuerza de enlace entre una molécula y su receptor, estirando el complejo molecular, mediante espectroscopia de fuerza atómica (AFS), técnica basada en el microscopio de fuerza atómica (AFM). A pesar de la elevada resolución en fuerza, el AFM no ha logrado aún convertirse en instrumento analítico debido principalmente a la complejidad del mismo y de su uso. Un biosensor basado en cantilevers que puedan detectar su propia deflexión y que emplee la AFS, tendría resolución de una molécula, podría ser utilizado en fluidos opacos, tendría potencial de multiplexado y su integración a una celda microfluídica sería viable. Considerando esto, se desarrollaron cantilevers dotados de resolución de pN y compatibles con líquidos. Se diseñaron y modelaron cantilevers basados en silicio cristalino y se ha optimizado el proceso de fabricación para aumentar la sensibilidad y el rendimiento. Asímismo, se ha trabajado sobre el modelo, el desarrollo y la fabricación de cantilevers con un MOSFET integrado. Se concluye que el primer sensor ofrece una solución tecnológica más directa, aunque el segundo puede ser una buena alternativa. Simultáneo a la fabricación de sensores, se desarrollaron también nuevas técnicas y montajes para la rápida caracterización eléctrica y electromecánica de los sensores de manera precisa y fiable. Esto fue crucial a la hora de validar el proceso de producción y los dispositivos finales. Después de obtener muy alta resolución (<10 pN en líquido) con elevado rendimiento en la producción, los sensores fueron utilizados para el estudio de procesos de reconocimiento molecular entre avidina y biotina. Para lograr este objetivo, los sensores fueron integrados en un AFM comercial para aprovechar su elevada estabilidad mecánica y el desplazamiento nanométrico del piezoactuador. Se detectaron con éxito las fuerzas de enlace relacionadas a la formación del complejo molecular biotina-avidina, resaltando de esta manera, la posibilidad de detección label-free de biomoléculas en condiciones cuasi fisiológicas con resolución de una molécula. Además de la elevada sensibilidad, estos sensores pueden utilizarse sin restricciones en fluidos opacos, se pueden integrar fácilmente en celdas microfluídicas y demuestran capacidad para el multiplexado. Este resultado abre nuevas perspectivas en detectores de marcadores biológicos con elevada sensibilidad y que puedan trabajar en condiciones fisiológicas.
Biorecognition processes between receptors and their conjugate ligands are very important in biology. These biomolecules can build up very specific complexes displaying a variety of functions such as genome replication and transcription, enzymatic activity, immune response, cellular signaling, etc. The unambiguous one-to-one complementarity exhibited by these biological partners is widely exploited also in biotechnology to develop biosensors. Depending on the nature of the transduction signals, biosensors can be classified in optical, electrical and mechanical. Among mechanical biosensors, the microcantilevers play a prominent role. They have been used as stress or mass transducers in biomolecules detection for already more than a decade. The binding of molecules to their functionalized surface is detected by measuring either the deflection in static mode or the resonant frequency shift in dynamic mode. The deflection of the cantilever is converted optically by a laser and a photodetector in order to have the highest possible resolution. This limits the measurements in transparent liquids, the portability of the instrument and increases the complexity for multiplexing. The development of self-sensing cantilevers by integrating piezoresistors or metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET) into the cantilever solves this issue. However, at the same time, this decreases the bending and frequency shift resolution due to the higher transducer noise. On the other hand, the detection of a single molecule can be attained measuring the unbinding force between two molecules of a complex pulling them apart, using the atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) measuring approach. This technique is based on the atomic force microscope (AFM). Despite the high force resolution, AFM has still not become an analytical instrument and it is mainly due to the complexity of the instrument and of its use. A biosensor based on AFS and on self-sensing cantilever would allow single molecule resolution, working in opaque fluids, easy multiplexing capability, and relatively easy integration in microfluidics cells. In this perspective, we worked to obtain self sensing-probes endowed with pN resolution and compatible with liquid media. Cantilevers based on single crystalline silicon have been modeled and the fabrication process has been optimized to improve the force sensitivity and to obtain high fabrication yield. At the same time we worked also on the modeling, development and fabrication of cantilevers with embedded MOSFET piezoresistive transducers. It turned out that the probes with integrated piezoresistor offer a more straightforward solution, but also the MOSFET cantilever can offer a good alternative. Alongside the force sensors fabrication, new high-throughput set-ups and techniques have been developed and optimized to measure the electrical and electromechanical characteristics of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in a precise and reliable way. This was of key importance to correctly validate the new technological processes involved in production as well as characterize the final devices. After achieving very good sensor performances (resolution < 10 pN in liquid environment) with high production yield, we used the force probes to investigate the biorecognition processes in the avidin-biotin complex. For this purpose we integrated the sensor into a commercial AFM to take advantage of the high mechanical stability of this equipment and the highly reliable displacement of the piezo actuator. We detected the forces related to the avidin-biotin complex formation, highlighting the possibility of biomolecule label-free recognition in nearly physiological conditions and at single molecule resolution. Beside the very high sensitivity attained, the sensor can be used with no restrictions in opaque media; it can be easily integrated in microfluidic cells and it displays a high multiplexing potentiality. This result opens new perspectives in highly sensitive label free biomarkers detectors in nearly physiological conditions.
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Weckman, Nicole Elizabeth. "Microfabricated acoustic sensors for the detection of biomolecules." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274899.

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MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems) acoustic sensors are a promising platform for Point-of-Care biosensing. In particular, piezoelectrically driven acoustic sensors can provide fast results with high sensitivity, can be miniaturized and mass produced, and have the potential to be fully integrated with sample handling and electronics in handheld devices. Furthermore, they can be designed as multiplexed arrays to detect multiple biomarkers of interest in parallel. In order to develop a microfabricated biosensing platform, a specific and high affinity biodetection platform must be optimized, and the microfabricated sensors must be designed to have high sensitivity and maintain good performance in a liquid environment. A biomolecular sensing system that uses high affinity peptide aptamers and a passivation layer has been optimized for the detection of proteins of interest using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The resulting system is highly specific to target proteins, differentiating between target IgG molecules and other closely related IgG subclasses, even in complex environments such as serum. Piezoelectrically actuated MEMS resonators are designed to operate in flexural microplate modes, with several modes shown to be ideally suited for fluid based biosensing due to improved performance in the liquid environment. The increase in quality factor of these MEMS microplate devices in liquid, as compared to air, is further investigated through the analytical and finite element modeling of MEMS fluid damping mechanisms, with a focus on acoustic radiation losses for circular microplate devices. It is found that the impedance mismatch at the air-water interface of a droplet is a key contributor to reduced acoustic radiation losses and thus improved device performance in water. Microplate acoustic sensors operating in flexural plate wave and microplate flexural modes are then integrated with a fluidic cell to facilitate protein sensing from fluid samples. Flexural plate wave devices are used to measure protein mass adsorbed to the sensor surface and initial results toward microplate flexural mode protein sensing are presented. Finally, challenges and areas of future research are discussed to outline the path towards finalization of a sensing platform taking advantage of the combination of the sensitive MEMS acoustic sensor capable of operating in a liquid environment and the specific and high affinity biomolecular detection system. Together, these form the potential basis of a novel Point-of-Care platform for simple and rapid monitoring of protein levels in complex samples.
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Ding, Shu Gu Li-Qun. "Aptamer encoded nanopores as single molecule sensors." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5767.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on September 21, 2009). Thesis advisor: Liqun Gu Includes bibliographical references.
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Janczak, Colleen. "Hybrid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Sensitivity in Biological Labeling and Biomolecular Sensing." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202514.

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Nanoparticles (nPs) demonstrate significant advantages over other sensor and marker technologies. The most useful optical nanosensor and label platform for biological samples would be non-toxic, hydrophilic, resistant to non-specific protein interactions and degradation over time or under harsh conditions, highly retentive of entrapped components, and easily functionalized for target specificity. The work described here is part of an investigation into the fabrication and application of polyacrylamide, polyacrylamide/silica hybrid, and polystyrene-core silica-shell nPs. Polyacrylamide (PA) nP nitric oxide (NO) sensors were made by co-entrapping 4, 5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) and Texas Red dextran in 60 nm PAnPs. Sensors were used to measure NO produced by a diazeniumdiolate NO donor in solution, and have a response time of 30 seconds or less. Entrapped DAF-2 was protected from non-specific interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Sensor response to NO in FBS solutions was reduced compared to buffer, although improvement over free dyes was observed. The sensors were applied to J477A.1 macrophages as well as a HT1080 cell line (HTRiNOS) in preliminary studies for measuring intracellular NO production. Polyacrylamide/silica hybrid nPs were fabricated and nP architecture was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Isopycnic centrifugation of nP samples indicates that the hybrid nPs have a density between 1.70 and 1.76 g/cm³. Silica in the hybrid nPs was covalently labeled with Texas Red, suggesting that the hybrid nPs may be used as ratiometric or possibly multiplexed sensors. Hybrid nPs coated with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) exhibit reduced adsorption of TRITC-BSA compared to uncoated hybrid nPs. Hybrid nP pH sensors were prepared and responded reproducibly and reversibly to changes in pH, nominally from pH 6.0 to 8.0. Core-shell nPs for scintillation proximity assay (SPA) were fabricated by entrapping the scintillants p-terphenyl and 4-bis(4-methyl-5-phenyl-2oxyzolyl)benzene in polystyrene, onto which silica shells were subsequently added. Core-shell nPs were found to have a scintillation response similar to that of shell-less polystyrene cores, indicating that the presence of the silica shells does not reduce scintillation efficiency. Preliminary studies using core-shell nPS for biotin-streptavidin binding SPA do not indicate an enhancement in scintillation efficiency, although this may be due to high nP:radiolabeled analyte ratios.
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De, la Rica Quesada Roberto. "New concepts for electrical detection of biomolecules." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3584.

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Aquest treball discuteix difrerents aspects relacionats amb el disseny de sensors i sistemes de biodetecció. Descriu la fabricació i caracterització de transductors electrics particulars, així com el desenvolupament de nous sistemes de transduccio i el descobriment de noves methodologies per la fabricacio de nanomatrius de proteines.
En primer lloc, es presenta un nou tipus de transductor impedimetric (I). Es va escollir un disseny basat en dos electrodes interdigitats per dos motius principals. Primer, aquesta geometria permet monitoritzar tant la resistència como la constant dieléctrica d'una solució, la qual cosa fa dels electrodes interdigitats eines més versatils que altres tipus transductors. Segon, els electrodes presenten una curta penetració del camp electric, la qual cosa els fa mes sensibles als canvis que tenen lloc a prop de la seva superfície. Aquest fet permet monitoritzar canvis locals en les magnituds d'interés. Finalment, són apropiats no nomes per construir sensors sinó també actuadors. Aquesta geometria sembla ser útil en experiments de dielectroforesi. Una innovació introduïda en aquesta tesi es el material escollit per fabricar els electrodes: silici policristal-lí o polisilici. El polisilici pot ser facilment modificat per donar lloc a superficies amb particulars propietats químiques i físiques, fent d'aquest material un excel-lent candidat per a la manufactura de biosensors, comparable a altres aproximacions com la quemisorció de alcanotiols sobre electrodes d'or.
Els esmentats electrodes interdigitats es van fer servir per probar dos nous sistemes de transducció. Ambdues aproximacions comparteixen un tret comu: aprofiten la capacitat dels electrodes interdigitats per mesurar canvis local en les propietats elèctriques del medi on es troben submergits. En II, aquest fet és utilitzat per monitoritzar una reacció enzimàtica, i es mostra com la característica de mesura local en electrodes interdigitats dóna lloc a una detecció més sensible. A més, es demostra que aquesta aproximació es adequada per la detecció de proteïnes fent servir l'enzim com a marca en un immunoassaig. En III, els electrodes interdigitats actuen com a sensor i actuador. Com a actuador, els electrodes son capaços de concentrar esferes de làtex a la seva superficie. Com a transductors, la presencia de les micropartícules aïllants a la seva superficie dóna lloc a un canvi en la geometria de la cel-la, que pot ser detectat monitoritzant tant la resistència com la capacitat de la solucio. Aquest mode de funcionament es paral-lel al dels sensors magnetoresistius, i el principi de transduccio proposat es presenta com a una alternativa a ells.
Finalment, un quart treball es presenta en aquesta tesi (anex). Comparteix dues característiques en comú amb els treballs previs: el sustrat (silici) i una metodologia per la inmoblització de biomolecules (silanització). Les seves aplicacions son, però, diferents i cobreixen un rang més ampli d'aplicacions. En concret, una nova metodologia pel nanoestructurat de superfícies, de baix cost i fàcil disponibilitat és presentada. Es van aconseguir motius fets amb molècules de silà amb dimensions inferiors als 10 nm. En el marc de la biodetecció, aquesta nova tècnica per nanoestructurat superficial es propossa com a alternativa a la nanolitografia dip-pen per la manufactura de nanomatrius de biomolècules. Les petites dimensions dels motius obtinguts obren el cami per la consecució de nanomatrius d'una única molècula.
This work discusses different aspects related to the design of biosensors and biodetection systems. It describes the fabrication and characterization of particular electric transducers together with the development of new transduction systems and the finding of new methodologies for biomolecule nanoarray fabrication.
Firstly, a new type of impedimetric transducer is presented (I). A two-electrode interdigitated design was chosen, mainly for three reasons. First, this geometry allows the monitoring of both the resistivity and the dielectric constant of a solution, thus making interdigitated electrodes more versatile tools than other kind of transducers. Second, they present short electric field penetration depths, which make them more sensitive to changes occurring close to their surface. This fact enables the monitoring of local changes in the magnitudes of interest. Finally, they are suitable for constructing not only sensors but also actuators. This geometry appears to be useful in dielectrophoresis experiments. One innovation introduced in this thesis is the material chosen to fabricate the electrodes: polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon. Polysilicon can be easily modified to render surfaces with distinct physical and chemical properties, thus making this material an excellent approach for biosensors manufacture, comparable to other approaches like alkanethiol chemisorption on gold electrodes.
The aforementioned interdigitated electrodes were used to test two new transduction principles. The two approaches share a common feature: they rely on the ability of interdigitated electrodes to measure local changes in the electrical properties of the medium where they are immersed. In II, this is used to monitor an enzymatic reaction, and it is shown that the characteristics of measuring local changes at interdigitated electrodes result in a more sensitive detection. Furthermore, the feasibility of this approach for protein detection is demonstrated by using the enzyme as a label for performing an immunoassay. In III, the interdigitated electrodes act both as a transducer and as an actuator. As an actuator, the electrodes are able to concentrate latex beads at their surface. As a transducer, the presence of the insulating microparticles at their surface results in a change in the geometry of the cell, that can be detected by monitoring either the resitance or the capacitance of the solution. Such device performance is parallel to that of magnetoresistive biosensors, and the proposed transduction principle is envisaged as a suitable alternative to them.
Finally, a fourth work is presented in this thesis (Annex). It shares two features in common with the previous works: the substrate (silicon) and a method for biomolecule immobilization (silanization). However, the applications are somehow different, and cover a wider range. Precisely, a new methodology for low cost, easily available nanopatterning is shown. Features made of silane molecules, with dimensions less than 10 nm are successfully patterned. In the frame of biodetection, this new nanopatterning technique is proposed as an alternative to dip-pen nanolithography in nanoarray manufacture. Moreover, the small dimensions of the obtained patterns pave the way for the achievement of single-molecule nanoarrays.
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Books on the topic "Biomolecular Sensors"

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on Molecular Electronics: Bio-sensor and Bio-computer (2002 Pisa, Italy). Molecular electronics: Bio-sensors and bio-computers. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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Emil, Paleček, Scheller F, and Wang Joseph 1948-, eds. Electrochemistry of nucleic acids and proteins: Towards electrochemical sensors for genomics and proteomics. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005.

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Lowe, Christopher R., and Electra Gizeli. Biomolecular Sensors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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(Editor), Electra Gizeli, and Christopher R. Lowe (Editor), eds. Biomolecular Sensors. CRC, 2002.

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Lowe, Christopher R., and Electra Gizeli. Biomolecular Sensors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Lowe, Christopher R., and Electra Gizeli. Biomolecular Sensors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Lowe, Christopher, and Electra Gizeli. Biomolecular Sensors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Lowe, Christopher R., and Electra Gizeli. Biomolecular Sensors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Lowe, Christopher R., and Electra Gizeli. Biomolecular Sensors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Katz, Evgeny. Biomolecular Information Processing: From Logic Systems to Smart Sensors and Actuators. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biomolecular Sensors"

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Rickert, Jan, Thomas Wessa, and Wolfgang Göpel. "Sensors for biomolecular studies." In Microsystem Technology: A Powerful Tool for Biomolecular Studies, 279–310. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8817-2_12.

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Wu, Yuqiang, and Frank Vollmer. "Whispering Gallery Mode Biomolecular Sensors." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 323–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40003-2_9.

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Park, Young June, Jinhong Ahn, Jaeheung Lim, and Seok Hyang Kim. "“C-chip” Platform for Electrical Biomolecular Sensors." In Smart Sensors and Systems, 3–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14711-6_1.

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Stuart, Jeffrey A., Duane L. Marcy, Kevin J. Wise, and Robert R. Birge. "Biomolecular Electronic Device Applications of Bacteriorhodopsin." In Molecular Electronics: Bio-sensors and Bio-computers, 265–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0141-0_10.

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Diaconu, Gabriela, and Thomas Schäfer. "Sensing Techniques Involving Thin Films for Studying Biomolecular Interactions and Membrane Fouling Phenomena." In Smart Membranes and Sensors, 145–60. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119028642.ch5.

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Navratilova, Iva, and David G. Myszka. "Investigating Biomolecular Interactions and Binding Properties Using SPR Biosensors." In Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, 155–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5346_018.

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Beratan, David N. "Molecular Control of Electron Transfer Events Within and Between Biomolecules." In Molecular Electronics: Bio-sensors and Bio-computers, 227–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0141-0_7.

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Wells, Craig C., Dmitriy V. Melnikov, and Maria E. Gracheva. "Computational Modeling of Biomolecule Sensing with a Solid-State Membrane." In Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, 215–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5346_2017_5.

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Baier, Claudia, Hadwig Sternschulte, Andrej Denisenko, Alice Schlichtiger, and Ulrich Stimming. "Electrochemical Response of Biomolecules on Carbon Substrates: Comparison between Oxidized HOPG and O-Terminated Boron-Doped CVD Diamond." In Nanotechnological Basis for Advanced Sensors, 471–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0903-4_49.

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Facci, Paolo, Alberto Diaspro, and Claudio Nicolini. "A CIDS-Activated Cell Sensor for Monitoring DNA Superstructures." In From Neural Networks and Biomolecular Engineering to Bioelectronics, 223–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1088-2_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biomolecular Sensors"

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Yue, Min, Jeanne C. Stachowiak, Henry Lin, Kenneth Castelino, Ram Datar, Karolyn Hansen, Thomas Thundat, Arup Chakraborty, Richard J. Cote, and Arun Majumdar. "Nanomechanical Sensor Array for Detection of Biomolecular Bindings: Toward a Label-Free Clinical Assay for Serum Tumor Markers." In ASME 2004 3rd Integrated Nanosystems Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nano2004-46034.

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A label-free technique capable of rapidly screening human blood samples simultaneously for multiple serum tumor markers would enable accurate and cost-effective diagnosis of cancer before physiological symptoms appear. Recently, microfabricated, bimaterial cantilever sensors have been demonstrated to detect DNA hybridization and antigen-antibody binding at clinically relevant concentrations. Cantilever sensors deflect measurably under the surface stress resulting when biomolecules immobilized on one surface of the sensor interact with their binding partners [1]. We present an array of cantilever sensors (silicon nitride with a gold coated surface) capable of simultaneously interrogating 100 different biomolecular interactions.
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Manalis, Scott. "Microdevices for biomolecular and single cell detection." In 2007 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2007.4388318.

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Misiakos, Konstantinos, Elisavet Mayrogiannopoulou, Panayiota Petrou, and Sotirios Kakabakos. "Monolithic silicon optical microdevices for biomolecular sensing." In 2009 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2009.5398131.

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Li, Xiang, Haocheng Yin, and Long Que. "A microfluidic nanostructured fluorescence sensor for biomolecular binding detection." In 2013 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2013.6688281.

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Shen, Zuliang, Herman O. Sintim, and Steve Semancik. "Temperature-controlled electrochemical microwell platform for studying biomolecular interactions." In 2013 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2013.6688368.

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Vaiano, P., G. Quero, S. Spaziani, A. Micco, M. Principe, M. Consales, and A. Cusano. "Optical fiber Meta-tips as valuable platforms for enhanced biological sensing." In Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.2022.tu2.2.

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Temiz, Yuksel, Anna Ferretti, Enrico Accastelli, Yusuf Leblebici, and Carlotta Guiducci. "Robust microelectrodes developed for improved stability in electrochemical characterization of biomolecular layers." In 2010 Ninth IEEE Sensors Conference (SENSORS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2010.5690737.

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Zapata, A. M., E. T. Carlen, E. S. Kim, J. Hsiao, D. Traviglia, and M. S. Weinberg. "Biomolecular Sensing using Surface Micromachined Silicon Plates." In TRANSDUCERS 2007 - 2007 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensor.2007.4300259.

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Li, Yang-Guo, and Mohammad Rafiqul Haider. "A low-power neuromorphic CMOS sensor circuit for the implanted biomolecular detections." In 2013 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2013.6688234.

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Palla, Mirko, Shiv Kumar, Zengmin Li, Steffen Jockusch, James J. Russo, Jingyue Ju, Filippo G. Bosco, et al. "Click chemistry based biomolecular conjugation monitoring using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy mapping." In 2016 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2016.7808595.

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