Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biomineral

Academic literature on the topic 'Biomineral'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Biomineral"

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De la Rosa-Tilapa, Alejandro, Agustín Maceda, and Teresa Terrazas. "Characterization of Biominerals in Cacteae Species by FTIR." Crystals 10, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060432.

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A biomineral is a crystalline or amorphous mineral product of the biochemical activity of an organism and the local accumulation of elements available in the environment. The cactus family has been characterized by accumulating calcium oxalates, although other biominerals have been detected. Five species of Cacteae were studied to find biominerals. For this, anatomical sections and Fourier transform infrared, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry analyses were used. In the studied regions of the five species, they presented prismatic or spherulite dihydrate calcium oxalate crystals, as the predominant biomineral. Anatomical sections of Astrophytum asterias showed prismatic crystals and Echinocactus texensis amorphous silica bodies in the hypodermis. New findings were for Ariocarpus retusus subsp. trigonus peaks assigned to calcium carbonate and for Mammillaria sphaerica peaks belonging to silicates.
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Pérez-Huerta, Alberto, Maggie Cusack, and Paul Dalbeck. "Crystallographic contribution to the vital effect in biogenic carbonates Mg/Ca thermometry." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 102, no. 1 (March 2011): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691011010036.

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ABSTRACTThe processes involved in vital effects, defined as biological processes overriding environmental signals, are not well understood and this hampers the interpretation of environmental parameters such as seawater temperature. Insufficient knowledge is available about changes in physico-chemical parameters, in particular those related to crystallography, associated with biomineral formation and emplacement. This paper assesses the influence of crystallography on Mg2+ concentration and distribution in calcite biominerals of bivalved marine organisms, mussels and rhynchonelliform brachiopods, and considers the implications for Mg/Ca thermometry. In the mussel Mytilus edulis, changes in Mg2+ are not associated with crystallography; but in the brachiopod Terebratulina retusa, increases in Mg2+ concentrations (∼0·5–0·6 wt. ) are associated with the {0001 planes of calcite biominerals. A comparison between mussels and brachiopods with avian eggshells, which form at constant ambient temperature, also reveals that there is at least a common 0·1 wt. variation in magnesium concentration in these calcite biomineral systems unrelated to temperature or crystallography. Results demonstrate that the integration of contextual crystallographic, biological and chemical information may be important to extract accurate environmental information from biominerals.
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Costa, Flávio Silva, Falko Langenhorst, and Erika Kothe. "Biomineralization of Nickel Struvite Linked to Metal Resistance in Streptomyces mirabilis." Molecules 27, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 3061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103061.

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Biomineral formation is a common trait and prominent for soil Actinobacteria, including the genus Streptomyces. We investigated the formation of nickel-containing biominerals in the presence of a heavy-metal-resistant Streptomyces mirabilis P16B-1. Biomineralization was found to occur both in solid and liquid media. Minerals were identified with Raman spectroscopy and TEM-EDX to be either Mg-containing struvite produced in media containing no nickel, or Ni-struvite where Ni replaces the Mg when nickel was present in sufficient concentrations in the media. The precipitation of Ni-struvite reduced the concentration of nickel available in the medium. Therefore, Ni-struvite precipitation is an efficient mechanism for tolerance to nickel. We discuss the contribution of a plasmid-encoded nickel efflux transporter in aiding biomineralization. In the elevated local concentrations of Ni surrounding the cells carrying this plasmid, more biominerals occurred supporting this point of view. The biominerals formed have been quantified, showing that the conditions of growth do influence mineralization. This control is also visible in differences observed to biosynthetically synthesized Ni-struvites, including the use of sterile-filtered culture supernatant. The use of the wildtype S. mirabilis P16B-1 and its plasmid-free derivative, as well as a metal-sensitive recipient, S. lividans, and the same transformed with the plasmid, allowed us to access genetic factors involved in this partial control of biomineral formation.
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Cusack, Maggie. "Biomineralization in Brachiopod Shells." Paleontological Society Papers 7 (November 2001): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000929.

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Biominerals are produced in all five kingdoms. Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate are the most abundant biominerals performing many functions including protection and skeletal support. The phylum Brachiopoda is divided into three subphyla: Linguliformea, Craniiformea, and Rhynchonelliformea (Williams et al., 1996). The Linguliformea possess inarticulated phosphatic valves. Articulation is also lacking in the calcitic valves of the Craniiformea while the calcitic valves of the Rhynchonelliformea are articulated. The paired valves of the brachiopod shell are one of the earliest examples of biomineralization. The existence of different mineral regimes and shell ultrastructures within the phylum makes the brachiopods ideal candidates for the study of biomineralization. The formation of brachiopod valves is an example of organic controlled mineralization, a term introduced by Lowenstam (1981) to describe biomineralization which is under genetic control via specific organic material controlling the precipitation and formation of the biomineral. In organically induced biomineralization (Lowenstam, 1981), organic molecules provide a nucleating surface on which mineral precipitates. Such precipitation continues as long as the solution is saturated with respect to the mineral ions. Stromatolite formation is an example of organically induced biomineralization. In brachiopod shell formation, organic molecules are not solely involved in nucleation. By binding to specific crystal faces, organic molecules inhibit growth along certain crystal axes and enhance growth in other directions, influencing the growth and formation of organically controlled biominerals. Finally, organic molecules inhibit biomineral growth. Thus, a suite of organic molecules is involved in brachiopod shell formation, their spatial and temporal presentation resulting in the formation of species-specific valves.
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Engqvist, Hakan, Lars Kraft, Håkan Spengler, and Leif Hermansson. "A Novel Biomineral Water Based Dental Cement." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.145.

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The area of cements in dentistry is steadily growing with the introduction of new systems that need to be cemented to the tooth, e.g. new inlays and crowns. With the better properties of the implants there is a need for new cements with high bond strength, good esthetic and mechanical properties. The bioactive minerals have not been explored as dental cement. This paper investigates the strength, setting time and film thickness of a novel dental cement based on the biomineral Marokite (calcium aluminate) as bonding system. The reactive Marokite powder is mixed with glass filler (ratio of 1.9 by volume) and water (ratio of 0.4 by weight) to a paste, which hardens within 6 minutes and has a working time of 2 minutes. The compressive strength reaches 143 MPa after 24 hours and the flexural strength almost 40 MPa. When the film thickness is measured at the end of the working time it is about 50 µm. Compared to glass ionomer cement (Fuji Cem) and zinc phosphate cement (Harvad) the biomineral system has higher strength and comparable setting time and film thickness. The investigation shows that it is feasible to develop dental cements based on biominerals, in this case a Marokite based material. The cement complies with the given standards.
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Branson, Oscar, Elisa A. Bonnin, Daniel E. Perea, Howard J. Spero, Zihua Zhu, Maria Winters, Bärbel Hönisch, Ann D. Russell, Jennifer S. Fehrenbacher, and Alexander C. Gagnon. "Nanometer-Scale Chemistry of a Calcite Biomineralization Template: Implications for Skeletal Composition and Nucleation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 46 (October 28, 2016): 12934–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1522864113.

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Plankton, corals, and other organisms produce calcium carbonate skeletons that are integral to their survival, form a key component of the global carbon cycle, and record an archive of past oceanographic conditions in their geochemistry. A key aspect of the formation of these biominerals is the interaction between organic templating structures and mineral precipitation processes. Laboratory-based studies have shown that these atomic-scale processes can profoundly influence the architecture and composition of minerals, but their importance in calcifying organisms is poorly understood because it is difficult to measure the chemistry of in vivo biomineral interfaces at spatially relevant scales. Understanding the role of templates in biomineral nucleation, and their importance in skeletal geochemistry requires an integrated, multiscale approach, which can place atom-scale observations of organic-mineral interfaces within a broader structural and geochemical context. Here we map the chemistry of an embedded organic template structure within a carbonate skeleton of the foraminifera Orbulina universa using both atom probe tomography (APT), a 3D chemical imaging technique with Ångström-level spatial resolution, and time-of-flight secondary ionization mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), a 2D chemical imaging technique with submicron resolution. We quantitatively link these observations, revealing that the organic template in O. universa is uniquely enriched in both Na and Mg, and contributes to intraskeletal chemical heterogeneity. Our APT analyses reveal the cation composition of the organic surface, offering evidence to suggest that cations other than Ca2+, previously considered passive spectator ions in biomineral templating, may be important in defining the energetics of carbonate nucleation on organic templates.
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Pérez-Huerta, A., M. Cusack, and W. Zhu. "Assessment of crystallographic influence on material properties of calcite brachiopods." Mineralogical Magazine 72, no. 2 (April 2008): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.2.563.

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AbstractCalcium carbonate biominerals are frequently analysed in materials science due to their abundance, diversity and unique material properties. Aragonite nacre is intensively studied, but less information is available about the material properties of biogenic calcite, despite its occurrence in a wide range of structures in different organisms. In particular, there is insufficient knowledge about how preferential crystallographic orientations influence these material properties. Here, we study the influence of crystallography on material properties in calcite semi-nacre and fibres of brachiopod shells using nanoindentation and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The nano-indentation results show that calcite semi-nacre is a harder and stiffer (H ≈ 3—5 GPa; E = 50–85 GPa) biomineral structure than calcite fibres (H = 0.4—3 GPa; E = 30—60 GPa). The integration of EBSD to these studies has revealed a relationship between the crystallography and material properties at high spatial resolution for calcite semi-nacre. The presence of crystals with the c-axis perpendicular to the plane-of-view in longitudinal section increases hardness and stiffness. The present study determines how nano-indentation and EBSD can be combined to provide a detailed understanding of biomineral structures and their analysis for application in materials science.
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Lim, Kahui, Matthew Rolston, Samantha Barnum, Cara Wademan, and Harold Leverenz. "A biogeographic 16S rRNA survey of bacterial communities of ureolytic biomineralization from California public restrooms." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): e0262425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262425.

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In this study, we examined the total bacterial community associated with ureolytic biomineralization from urine drainage systems. Biomineral samples were obtained from 11 California Department of Transportation public restrooms fitted with waterless, low-flow, or conventional urinals in 2019. Following high throughput 16S rRNA Illumina sequences processed using the DADA2 pipeline, the microbial diversity assessment of 169 biomineral and urine samples resulted in 3,869 reference sequences aggregated as 598 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Using PERMANOVA testing, we found strong, significant differences between biomineral samples grouped by intrasystem sampling location and urinal type. Biomineral microbial community profiles and alpha diversities differed significantly when controlling for sampling season. Observational statistics revealed that biomineral samples obtained from waterless urinals contained the largest ureC/16S gene copy ratios and were the least diverse urinal type in terms of Shannon indices. Waterless urinal biomineral samples were largely dominated by the Bacilli class (86.1%) compared to low-flow (41.3%) and conventional samples (20.5%), and had the fewest genera that account for less than 2.5% relative abundance per OTU. Our findings are useful for future microbial ecology studies of urine source-separation technologies, as we have established a comparative basis using a large sample size and study area.
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Di Costanzo, Luigi Franklin. "Atomic Details of Biomineralization Proteins Inspiring Protein Design and Reengineering for Functional Biominerals." Chemistry 4, no. 3 (August 15, 2022): 827–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry4030059.

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Biominerals are extraordinary materials that provide organisms with a variety of functions to support life. The synthesis of biominerals and organization at the macroscopic level is a consequence of the interactions of these materials with proteins. The association of biominerals and proteins is very ancient and has sparked a wealth of research across biological, medical and material sciences. Calcium carbonate, hydroxyapatite, and silica represent widespread natural biominerals. The atomic details of the interface between macromolecules and these biominerals is very intriguing from a chemical perspective, considering the association of chemical entities that are structurally different. With this review I provide an overview of the available structural studies of biomineralization proteins, explored from the Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) archive and scientific literature, and of how these studies are inspiring the design and engineering of proteins able to synthesize novel biominerals. The progression of this review from classical template proteins to silica polymerization seeks to benefit researchers involved in various interdisciplinary aspects of a biomineralization project, who need background information and a quick update on advances in the field. Lessons learned from structural studies are exemplary and will guide new projects for the imaging of new hybrid biomineral/protein superstructures at the atomic level.
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Kim, Sungjin, Sook Hee Ku, Seong Yoon Lim, Jae Hong Kim, and Chan Beum Park. "Graphene-Biomineral Hybrid Materials." Advanced Materials 23, no. 17 (March 17, 2011): 2009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201100010.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomineral"

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Bano, Anthony M. "Polymorphism in biomineral nanoparticles." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49891/.

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Biomineralisation is the process by which living things produce hard mineral tissues with unique physical properties. The study of this process can help us produce biomimetic materials, reproducing such properties, with the study of nucleation and crystallisation of the materials being particularly important. I have used molecular simulation techniques to help gain a greater understanding of these processes, focussing particularly on identifying the conformations and solid phases available to nanoparticles of two biomineral compounds. The bones and teeth of mammals are made largely of calcium phosphates. I have used metadynamics to study nanoparticles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and have identified high and lower order configurations. To facilitate this work I reviewed the extant empirical potentials for calcium phosphate systems, selecting the most appropriate for TCP. Calcium carbonate, found in examples throughout the animal kingdom, has three crystalline polymorphs relevant to biomineralisation: calcite, aragonite and vaterite. While nanoparticles of calcite have been extensively studied the other polymorphs have been neglected to date. In this work I present a technique for predicting crystalline morphologies for all three polymorphs across a range of sizes, and compare the energetic ordering. In water the energetic ordering of the nanoparticles is heavily dependent on nanoparticle size. Furthermore, I present work calculating the surface enthalpies of a variety of calcium carbonate surfaces, many of which are negative. It appears that entropic penalty of ordered water is key to understanding the stability of nanocrystals. Also presented is an application of the nudged elastic band method to study transitions between nanoparticle crystal conformations. Between all three crystal polymorphs the nanoparticles passed through an amorphous region of phase space. These results have also been used to evaluate order parameters for use in metadynamics simulations.
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Stern, Benjamin. "Biomineral lipids in living and fossil molluscs." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1713.

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It has been proposed that geochemical and biomolecular palaeontological information can be obtained from biomineral associatedli pids. The location of lipidic material within the inorganic structureo f molluscan shells has previously been unknown, with important implications for long term survival of lipids and post-depositional contamination from the environment. Discrete experimental stages have been investigated and the different mechanical and chemical methods combined for the removal of contaminating material prior to the release and analysis of surficial, intercrystalline and intracrystalline lipids. Three extraction protocols have been compared using Recent Patella vulgata shells. Sequential stages of cleaning and extraction treatments identify n-alkanes, cholesterol (free and bound) and bound fatty acids. The n-alkanes are indigenous to the shell, but laboratory contamination can be significant, and highlights the need for experimental blanks. Bound fatty acids are extracted from intercrystalline and intracrystalline fractions. Cholesterol is extracted throughout the sequential methodology. The extraction of these compounds after extensive cleaning treatments illustrates the protective role of the inorganic biomineral. An experimental protocol for sequentially extracting protected lipids from the shells of Recent molluscs has been tested to distinguish the indigenous shell lipids from laboratory contamination and postdepositional ingress. The use of a calcium carbonate blank reveals the phthalate plasticisers extracted from the shells are due to laboratory contamination. Pristane, phytane and free fatty acids were rarely extracted which limits their use for interpretation. The n-alcohols, bound fatty acids, ß-hydroxy fatty acids, cholesterol and other steroids are extracted from the shells in higher yields than the calcium carbonate blanks and are considered indigenous to the shells. Multivariate statistical analysis is used to compare the distributions of bound fatty acids and steroids extracted from different shell locations with the reported fatty acids and steroids for the soft tissues of the same species. The reported values for the soft tissues were used to indicate the original shell lipid composition. The shells lack the unsaturated bound fatty acids reported in the soft tissues. The saturated bound fatty acids of Littorina littorea shells also differ in the carbon number distributions to the reported saturated fatty acids of the soft tissues. Surficial shell extracts are characterized by steroidal ketones, representing sterols which have been oxidised by the cleaning treatments used. The steroids from both intercrystalline and intracrystalline shell locations in Littorina littorea are most similar to the soft tissues. However, the intercrystalline steroids are different to the intracrystalline steroids which may indicate a different original composition. Potential Class level phylogenetic differences between the shells of Recent molluscs are revealed by their steroidal and bound saturated fatty acid compositions. The bivalves (n=3) have bound saturated fatty acids with a carbon number maximum of C16 whilst the gastropods (n=8) have a maximum of C16 or C18 and exhibit higher yields. ß-hydroxy fatty acids may indicate phylogenetic differences below the Class level for the Gastropoda. Principal component statistical analysis of the shell steroidal composition indicates differences at the Class level. Steroidal markers indicating the dietary intake have been found in the shells. The application of a methodology for the sequential extraction of lipids from molluscan shells has been used in a preliminary analysis of shell material for the presence of hydrocarbon pollutants. The shell nalkanes require comparison of carbon number distributions and yields with an experimental calcium carbonate blank to ensure indigeneity. Different n-alkane distributions within two Artica islandica shell samples are attributed to the different sampling locations. Differences between Patella vulgata and Littorina littorea shells from the same environment have also been observed, indicating different n-alkane uptake by different species. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons and sterane biomarkers reported to be present in the soft tissues of Patella vulgata exposed to the Braer oil spill have been searched for in the shells of an exposed sample. These compounds have not been detected. No increase in the shell n-alkane yields or similarity in carbon number distribution with the spilt oil is observed. This suggests no hydrocarbon incorporation or deputation pathway into the shell. Quaternary aged mollusc shells yield n-alkanes, n-alcohols, bound fatty acids and cholesterol. These have been extracted from both intercrystalline and intracrystal line locations within the shells. When compared with the extracts from Recent shells the yields of these lipids from fossil shells are significantly lower. The n-alkanes extracted from Quaternary shells are dominated by laboratory contamination, although some indigenous intracrystalline n-alkanes have been extracted. The bound fatty acids from intercrystalline sites within the fossils maintain their carbonn umber distribution but decreasein yields with increasinga ge; no diagenetic products were observed. The previously reported phylogenetic distinctions based on the bound fatty acids betweent he gastropodsa nd bivalves are maintainedf or fossils. However,t he information obtained from this analysis is limited by the small diversity of lipid distributions found in these fossil shells.
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Rembauville, Mathieu. "Ecological vectors of carbon and biomineral export in the Southern Ocean." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066561/document.

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La biosphère océanique module la concentration de CO2 atmosphérique via la pompe biologique (transfert vertical de carbone organique particulaire - POC - de l'océan de surface vers le fond) et la contre-pompe des carbonates (émission de CO2 lors de la précipitation du carbone inorganique particulaire - PIC). Cette thèse a pour but (1) d'identifier la contribution de différents groupes planctoniques à l'export de POC et PIC à échelle annuelle dans des zones de production contrastée de l'océan Austral et (2) de comprendre comment cette diversité influence la stœchiométrie et la labilité du matériel exporté.Des déploiements de pièges à particules à proximité les iles Kerguelen et de la Géorgie du Sud montrent que la fertilisation naturelle en fer augmente l'intensité mais pas l'efficacité de l'export de POC. Les spores de résistance de diatomées pilotent une fraction importante (40-60 %) de l'export annuel de POC dans chacun des sites productifs. L'analyse taxonomique des diatomées mène à l'identification de groupes consistants qui impactent la séquestration préférentielle du C ou du Si. Lors d'une campagne estivale, nous associons l'abondance relative de diatomées et dinoflagellés à la stœchiométrie N:P de la matière organique et soulignons l'importance des couches de transition pour le découplage des cycles du C et Si. L'étude de la composition en lipides du matériel exporté nous permet d'identifier les spores de diatomées comme des vecteurs de matière organique contenant des acides gras riches en énergie. A Kerguelen, la faible contre-pompe des carbonates est due à dominance des coccolithophoridés dans l'export de PIC au Sud du Front Polaire
Marine biosphere impacts the atmospheric CO2 concentration by two main processes: the biological pump (vertical transfer of particulate organic carbon - POC - from the surface to the deep ocean) and the carbonate counter pump (CO2 emission during particulate inorganic - PIC - precipitation). The objectives of this PhD are (1) to identify the relative contribution of different plankton groups to POC and PIC export at annual scale in regions of contrasted productivity in the Southern Ocean and (2) to understand how this diversity impacts the elemental stoichiometry and lability of the exported material.Annual sediment trap deployments in the vicinity of the Kerguelen and South Georgia island plateaus have demonstrated that natural iron fertilisation increases the intensity but not the efficiency of export. Diatom resting spore formation drives an important fraction (40-60 %) of the annual carbon export in the productive sites. The taxonomic analyses of exported diatoms lead to the identification of consistent groups that impact the preferential export of C or Si. During a summer cruise, we associate the relative abundance of diatoms and dinoflagellates to the N:P stoichiometry of particulate organic matter and highlight the importance of transition layers for C and Si uncoupling. The study of the lipid composition of export leads to the identification of diatom resting spore as preferential vectors for the export energy-rich fatty acids. At Kerguelen, the low carbonate counter-pump is due to the dominance of coccolithophores contribution to PIC export south of the Polar Front
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MEDAS, DANIELA. "Hydrozincite bioprecipitation: a promising tool for bioremediation of waters contaminated by harmful metals. Hydrochemical factors and morphological features of the biomineralization process." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266090.

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The Ingurtosu Pb-Zn deposit (Sardinia, Italy) was exploited for about a century until 1968. Huge amounts of tailings were abandoned, resulting in long-term harmful metal dispersion processes in both soils and waters. The maximum Zn concentration in waters from the Naracauli stream catchment area attains several hundreds of mg per litre, whereas Cd and Pb concentrations are in the order of thousands of μg per litre, despite the near neutral to slightly alkaline pH values (6.2-8.4). Zn concentration in waters is positively correlated with Pb, Cd, Ni and Co concentrations. The strongest correlation was observed between Zn and Cd, with a constant Zn/Cd ratio (close to 100) among samples that could suggest the weathering of a relatively uniform composition of sphalerite from tailings and mine wastes. Waters from tributaries show the lowest concentrations of contaminants. The highest contents in harmful and toxic elements were observed in waters that drain flotation tailings and mine wastes. Metals concentrations change under different seasonal conditions. The highest concentrations were observed under high-flow condition (October-April), probably due to the high runoff through the tailings and to aqueous transport of these metals in association with very fine particles, i.e. <0.4 μm. Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu and Ni concentrations in waters of the Naracauli stream, the main stream of the area, are abated by the seasonal bioprecipitation of hydrozincite, Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6. Hydrozincite precipitation is promoted by a microbial community made up of a filamentous cyanobacterium (Scytonema sp.) and a microalga (Chlorella sp.). Hydrozincite could be used in a controlled process to attenuate metal pollution in mining waters. Information on environmental conditions that promote the biomineralization process is fundamental for the development of remediation strategies. This work aims to investigate the variables controlling the biomineralization process, and the hydrochemical factors that affect hydrozincite precipitation. According to field observations, correlated with speciation and equilibrium calculations, the optimum condition for hydrozincite precipitation occurs in late spring of rainy years, when the hydraulic regime in the stream reaches stationary conditions, and SI values with respect to hydrozincite and pH reach the highest values, in agreement with the higher stability of the hydrozincite solid phase in contact with slightly alkaline waters. Concomitantly, Zn 2+/CO32- molar ratio reaches values close to 1, indicating that kinetic processes have a role on the hydrozincite biomineralization process. Conversely, heavy rain events occurring in late spring appear to inhibit biomineralization, likely due to the decrease in the SI values resulting from the dilution effect of rain water. Results from morphological analysis show that hydrozincite morphology varies, and depends on the environmental conditions. Changes were observed between samples collected in late spring and samples collected in summer, and among samples precipitated under different water flow conditions. Hydrozincite samples collected in summer are characterized by globules with a larger diameter than those collected in spring, this variation can be ascribed to a difference in the production of external mucilage sheaths by cyanobacteria colonies in response to stress conditions. Considering influence of water flow, it was observed that hydrozincite sheaths precipitated under low flow condition have more or less a constant diameter, whereas under high flow conditions sheaths become thinner at the final ends. This particular morphology is due to the influence of hydrodynamics on the structure of the biofilm and, consequently, on biomineral shape. Diel cycles in dissolved Zn, Co, Ni and Mn were found to occur in a selected station along the Naracauli stream. The highest change in concentration was observed for Zn: the difference between the minimum (3 mg/l) and maximum (4.7 mg/l) Zn concentrations is 1.7 mg/l (about 35%). The minimum values occurred at h 17:00 and maxima between h 02:00 and h 05:00. The timing of diel cycles in Co and Ni is very similar to that for Zn, but the ranges of Co and Ni concentrations are much smaller than Zn. Increased nocturnal concentrations could result from a combination of geochemical and biological processes. Considering the relations among temperature, pH and Zn contents, temperature and pH would seem to be the parameters that control variations in Zn concentration. Water temperature shows a well defined diurnal cycle. Maximum water temperature was observed between the h 13:00 and h 17:00. Water temperature varies due to change in air temperature and incident solar radiation. The pH values vary between 7.7 and 8.1; the highest values were observed during the sunny hours and the lowest during the night or early morning. The diel pH cycle derives from photosynthesis (predominant during the day) and respiration (predominant during the night). Obtained results may be explained by adsorption-desorption reactions (onto colloids, carbonates, bacterial surfaces and biofilms) and/or different rates of mineral precipitation between the morning and the night time. Diurnal metal cycles should be taken into account to evaluate environmental conditions, potential risks and cleanup of contaminated sites
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Teng, Hui Henry. "The thermodynamics and kinetics of calcite crystallization : baseline for understanding biomineral formation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26939.

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Dexter, Troy Anthony. "Rates and dates: Evaluating rhythmicity and cyclicity in sedimentary and biomineral records." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77059.

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It is important to evaluate periodic fluctuations in environment or climate recorded through time to better understand the nature of Earth's history as well as to develop ideas about what the future may hold. There exist numerous proxies by which these environmental patterns can be demonstrated and analyzed through various time scales; from sequence stratigraphic bundles of transgressive-regressive cycles that demonstrate eustatic changes in global sea level, to the geochemical composition of a skeleton that records fluctuations in ocean temperature through the life of the biomineralizing organism. This study examines some of the methods by which we can analyze environmental fluctuations recorded at different time scales. The first project examines the methods by which extrabasinal orbital forcing (i.e. Milankovitch cycles) can be tested in the rock record. In order to distinguish these patterns, computer generated carbonate rock records were simulated with the resulting outcrops tested using common methods. These simulations were built upon eustatic sea level fluctuations with periods similar to what has been demonstrated in the rock record, as well as maintaining the many factors that affect the resultant rock composition such as tectonics, subsidence, and erosion. The result demonstrated that substantially large sea level fluctuations, such as those that occur when the planet is in an icehouse condition, are necessary to produce recognizable and preservable patterns that are otherwise overwhelmed by other depositional factors. The second project examines the temporal distribution of the bivalve Semele casali from Ubatuba Bay, Brazil by using amino acid racemization (AAR) calibrated with ¹⁴C radiometric dates. This data set is one of the largest ever compiled and demonstrates that surficial shell assemblages in the area have very long residence times extending back in time 10,000 years. The area has had very little change in sea level and the AAR ratios which are highly temperature dependent could be calibrated across sites varying from 10 to 53 meters in water depth. Long time scales of dated shells provide us with an opportunity to study climate fluctuations such as El Niño southern oscillation. The third project describes a newly developed method for estimating growth rates in organisms using closely related species from similar environments statistically analyzed for error using a jackknife corrected parametric bootstrap. As geochemical analyses get more precise while using less material, data can be collected through the skeleton of a biomineralizing organism, thus revealing information about environmental shifts at scales shorter than a year. For such studies, the rate of growth of an organism has substantial effects on the interpretation of results, and such rates of growth are difficult to ascertain, particularly in fossilized specimens. This method removes the need for direct measures of growth rates and even the most conservative estimates of growth rates are useful in constraining the age ranges of geochemical intra-skeletal studies, thus elucidating the likely time period under analysis. This study assesses the methods by which periodic environmental fluctuations at greatly varying time scales can be used to evaluate our understanding of earth processes using rigorous quantitative strategies.
Ph. D.
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Sheppard, Vonda Chantal. "Identification and characterization of diatom kinases catalyzing the phosphorylation of biomineral forming proteins." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37227.

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Diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic algae that display intricately patterned cell walls made of amorphous silicon dioxide (silica). Long-chain polyamines and highly phosphorylated proteins, silaffins and silacidins, are believed to play an important role in biosilica formation. The phosphate moieties on silaffins and silacidins play a significant role in biomineral formation, yet no kinase has been identified that phosphorylates these biomineral forming proteins. This dissertation describes the characterization of a novel kinase from the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, tpSTK1, which is upregulated during silica formation. A recombinantly expressed histidine-tagged version of tpSTK1 was capable of phosphorylating recombinant silaffins but not recombinant silacidin in vitro. Through establishing methods for subcellular fraction of T. pseudonana membranes in combination with antibody inhibition assay, it was discovered that native tpSTK1 phosphorylates silaffins but not silacidins in vitro (i.e. it exhibits the same substrate specificity as recombinant tpSTK1). As tpSTK1 is an abundant protein in the ER lumen (~ 0.5 % of total ER protein) it seems highly likely to function as a silaffin kinase in vivo. TpSTK1 lacks clear sequence homologs in non-diatom organisms and is the first molecularly characterized kinase that appears to be involved in biomineralization. The predicted kinase domain (KD) of tpSTK2, the only T. pseudonana homolog of tpSTK1, was recombinantly expressed and tested for phosphorylation activity. Recombinant tpSTK2-KD and native tpSTK2 exhibited detectable activity with myelin basic protein, but did not phosphorylate silaffins or silacidins in vitro. Western blot analysis demonstrated that native tpSTK2 was not present in the ER, but associated with the cytosol and Golgi membrane containing subcellular fractions.
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Davis, Kevin James. "Magnesium as an impurity in calcite growth : thermodynamic and kinetic controls on biomineral formation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30995.

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Olszta, Matthew John. "A new paradigm for biomineral formation mineralization via an amorphous liquid-phase precursor process /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004320.

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Sparks, David J. "Simulating the role of molecular binding to mineral surfaces : from biomineral growth to cell attachment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12004/.

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The interactions between organic molecules and minerals is fundamental to the under- standing of processes such as biomineralisation, the attachment of bacteria to surfaces and the design of synthetic materials within biomimetics. This thesis shows how molec- ular dynamics simulations can be employed to study the organic - inorganic interactions and give new insights into the molecular binding at mineral surfaces that play a role in these processes. The incorporation of amino acids within calcium carbonate crystals was simulated and show a high energy associated with the incorporation of these molecules. The amino acids get incorporated in-between the lattice planes of the crystal, causing small anisotropic distortions to the crystal. The inclusion of these molecules occurs via a goodness-of-fit principle, where disruptions to the crystal lattice should be kept to a minimum. These simulations show good agreement with experimental X-ray data. Simulations of multiple tripeptides show a different conformational behaviour of the peptides in solution than on the surface of calcium carbonate. Whereas the pep- tides exhibit a flexible behaviour in solution, binding to the mineral surface induces a disorder-to-order transition and the peptides become rigid. These changes in con- formational behaviour offer insight into the structure and behaviour of intrinsically disordered proteins. The polymer poly acrylic acid was simulated to analyse its conformational behaviour. In the presence of counter ions the polymer exhibits a flexible, extended conformation, whereas a coiled conformation is found in the absence of counter ions. The simulations in this work agree well with experimental spectroscopy studies. The binding of the polymer to a mineral surface is not only governed by the number of functional groups, but also the flexibility of the polymer. These results give an insight in how such molecules can aid the attachment of bacteria to surfaces.
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Books on the topic "Biomineral"

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M, Driessens F. C., and Verbeeck R. M. H, eds. Biominerals. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1990.

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Hampshire), Conference on Iron Biominerals (1989 University of New. Iron biominerals. New York: Plenum Press, 1991.

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Frankel, Richard B., and Richard P. Blakemore, eds. Iron Biominerals. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3810-3.

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Russia) International Seminar "Mineralogy and Life : Biomineral Homologies" (3rd 2000 Syktyvkar. Mineralogii︠a︡ i zhiznʹ: Biomineralʹnye gomologii. Syktyvkar, Respublika Komi, Rossii︠a︡, 5-8 ii︠u︡ni︠a︡ 2000 g = Mineralogy and life : biomineral homologies, Syktyvkar, Republic of Komi, Russia, June 5-8, 2000. Syktyvkar: Geoprint, 2000.

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Cuif, Jean-Pierre. Biominerals and fossils through time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Frankel, R., and R. Blakemore. Iron Biominerals. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Iron Biominerals. Springer, 2012.

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(Editor), R. Blakemore, and R. Frankel (Editor), eds. Iron Biominerals. Springer, 1991.

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Demarchi, Beatrice. Amino Acids in Biominerals. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2020.

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Cuif, Jean-Pierre, Yannicke Dauphin, and James E. Sorauf. Biominerals and Fossils Through Time. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biomineral"

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Engqvist, Håkan, Lars Kraft, Håkan Spengler, and Leif Hermansson. "A Novel Biomineral Water Based Dental Cement." In Bioceramics 17, 145–48. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-961-x.145.

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Liu, Xin-Ming, Ke Ren, Geoffrey Wu, and Dong Wang. "Preparation and Evaluation of Biomineral-Binding Antibiotic Liposomes." In Liposome-Based Drug Delivery Systems, 1–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49231-4_17-1.

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Song, Jie, and Carolyn R. Bertozzi. "Functional Hydrogel-Biomineral Composites Inspired by Natural Bone." In ACS Symposium Series, 96–106. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2005-0900.ch007.

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Titov, Anatoly T., Gleb N. Baturin, and Vladimir I. Zaikovskii. "Nanostructure of Biomineral Apatite of Modern Oceanic Phosphorites." In Proceedings of the 10th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM), 683–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27682-8_82.

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Liu, Xin-Ming, Ke Ren, Geoffrey Wu, and Dong Wang. "Preparation and Evaluation of Biomineral-Binding Antibiotic Liposomes." In Biomaterial Engineering, 277–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49320-5_17.

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Engqvist, H., J. Loof, L. Kraft, and L. Hermansson. "Apatite Formation on a Biomineral Based Dental Filling Material." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 35–42. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118408414.ch5.

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Patwardhan, Siddharth. "Understanding Biomineral Growth and Assembly for Engineering Novel Green Nanomaterials." In Bio-Inspired Nanotechnology, 127–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9446-1_5.

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Lööf, Jesper, Håkan Engqvist, Gunilla Gómez-Ortega, Håkan Spengler, Nils Otto Ahnfelt, and Leif Hermansson. "Mechanical Property Aspects of a Biomineral Based Dental Restorative System." In Bioceramics 17, 741–44. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-961-x.741.

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Ehrlich, Hermann. "Biominerals." In Biological Materials of Marine Origin, 25–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9130-7_2.

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Ehrlich, Hermann. "Biominerals." In Marine Biological Materials of Invertebrate Origin, 21–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92483-0_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biomineral"

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Leng, Yang, and Renlong Xin. "Analytical TEM Study of Biomineral Phases." In In Commemoration of the 1st Asian Biomaterials Congress. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812835758_0032.

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Medina-Sanchez, Javier, Matthieu Clog, Huabing Yin, Nicholas Kamenos, and Maggie Cusack. "Robustness of Marine Biomineral Clumped Isotope Thermometry." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1772.

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Einsle, Joshua, Ioan Lascu, Anastas Popratiloff, Roger Fu, and Ian MacLaren. "When is a biomineral not a biomineral? Multi-scale complexity of iron oxide crystallisation in the Gunflint Chert." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.6273.

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Yushkin, Nikolai P. "Biomineral homologies, organismobiosis, and the problem of biomarkers." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Richard B. Hoover. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.411618.

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Lysyuk, G. N. "Biomineral microstructures in ferromanganese nodules: evidence of the biological and abiogenous origin." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Richard B. Hoover, Paul C. W. Davies, Gilbert V. Levin, and Alexei Y. Rozanov. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.893322.

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Li, Li, Zhu Yun-tian, and Qian Chun-xiang. "Computational modeling of biomineral carbonate precipitation in porous sand column at micro scale." In 2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2018.8361324.

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Ashokan, Anusha, Minu Anoop, Siju Surendran, Aparna Balakrishnan, Ida M. Anna, Anjana Ramkumar, Girish Chundayil Madathil, Vijay Harish, and Manzoor Koyakutty. "Abstract A169: Macrophage targeted zoledronic acid conjugated biomineral nanoparticles for γδT-cell-based cancer immunotherapy." In Abstracts: Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 30 - October 3, 2018; New York, NY. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-a169.

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Theil, Elizabeth C. "The Ferritin Protein Nanocage and Biomineral, from Single Fe Atoms to FeO Nanoparticles: Starting with EXAFS." In X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE - XAFS13: 13th International Conference. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2644422.

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Amarie, Sergiu, Paul Zaslansky, Peter Fratzl, and Fritz Keilmann. "Nano-FTIR of biominerals." In 2011 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2011.6104769.

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Bukharova, Oksana. "MINERALOGICAL METHODS INVESTIGATION OF PATHOLOGICAL BIOMINERALS." In 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2016. Stef92 Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2016/b11/s01.052.

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